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e rainian uarter A JOURNAL OF UKRAINIAN AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Volume LXIV, Numbers 1-2 Spring-Summer 2008 This issue is a commemorative publication on the 75th anniversary of the Stalin-induced famine in Ukraine in the years 1932-1933, known in Ukrainian as the Holodomor. The articles in this issue explore and analyze this tragedy from the perspective of several disciplines: history, historiography, sociology, psychology and literature. In memory ofthe "niwrtlered millions ana ... the graves unknown." diasporiana.org.u a The Ukrainian uarter'7 A JOURNAL OF UKRAINIAN AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Since 1944 Spring-Summer 2008 Volume LXIV, No. 1-2 $25.00 BELARUS RUSSIA POLAND ROMANIA Territory of Ukraine: 850000 km2 Population: 48 millions [ Editor: Leonid Rudnytzky Deputy Editor: Sophia Martynec Associate Editor: Bernhardt G. Blumenthal Assistant Editor for Ukraine: Bohdan Oleksyuk Book Review Editor: Nicholas G. Rudnytzky Chronicle ofEvents Editor: Michael Sawkiw, Jr., UNIS Technical Editor: Marie Duplak Chief Administrative Assistant: Tamara Gallo Olexy Administrative Assistant: Liza Szonyi EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Anders Aslund Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Yaroslav Bilinsky University of Delaware, Newark, DE Viacheslav Brioukhovetsky National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Ukraine Jean-Pierre Cap Professor Emeritus, Lafayette College, Easton, PA Peter Golden Rutgers University, Newark, NJ Mark von Hagen Columbia University, NY Ivan Z. Holowinsky Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ Taras Hunczak Rutgers University, Newark, NJ Wsewolod Jsajiw University of Toronto, Canada Anatol F. Karas I. Franko State University of Lviv, Ukraine Stefan Kozak Warsaw University, Poland Taras Kuzio George Washington University, Washington, DC Askold Lozynskyj Ukrainian World Congress, Toronto Andrej N. Lushnycky University of Fribourg, Switzerland John S. Micgiel Columbia University, NY Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern Northwestern University, IL Ulrich Schweier Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitiit Miinchen Roman Serbyn University of Quebec in Montreal Kateryna Schray Marshall University, Huntington, WV Dmytro Shtohryn University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Maksym Strikha National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine The editors and publishers assume no responsibility for statements offact or opinion made by contributors and reserve the right to edit and revise all articles submitted. Subscription: Yearly $50.00; Single Copy $12.50 Copyright © 2008 by the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, Inc. ISSN 0041-6010 Printed in USA by Computoprint Corp., 1360 Clifton Ave., #402, Clifton, NJ 07012 Tel: (973) 574-8800 Fax: (973) 574-8887 e-mail: [email protected] Contents Editorial .................................................................................................................. 5 A Note on the Holodomor in Imaginative Literature .............................................. 6 Leonid Rudnytzky The Cross .............................................................................................................. 17 Mykola Rudenko A Psychodynamic Interpretation of the Holodomor in Mykola Rudenko's Poem "The Cross" ......................................................................................... 36 Ivan Z. Holowinsky Subject Analysis in Accessing Holodomor Resources ......................................... .44 Jurij Dobczansky George Kennan and Ukraine ................................................................................. 55 /wan S. Koropeckyj DOCUMENTS AND MATERIALS The Case for Seven to Ten Million ....................................................................... 85 Askold S. Lozynskyj The Holodomor: Ukraine's Genocide, Ethnocide and Linguicide ....................... 91 Orest Popovych "A Light for the Future" ...................................................................................... 94 Andre Armand Cardinal Vingt-Trois "Cry for Justice to Heaven" ................................................................................. 97 Jean-Marie Cardinal Lustiger REVIEW ARTICLES Holubnychy and the Holodomor ......................................................................... 100 Christopher Ford The Causes of the Famine of 1932-33 ................................................................ 110 Vsevolod Holubnychy The Holodomor in Historical and Literary Context: The Yellow Prince by Vasyl Barka .............................................................................................. 119 Jean-Pierre Cap The Holodomor-Genocide of 1932-1933 and Ukrainian Independence ............ 133 Yaroslav Bilinsky BOOK REVIEWS Holodomor 1932-1933 rokiv v Ukrayini: Dokumenty i materialy [The Famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine: Documents and Materials] edited by Ruslan Pyrih Rozsekrechena Pamyat: Holodomor 1932-1933 rokiv v Ukrayini v dokumentakh GPU-NKVD [Uncovered Memories: The Famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine in the Documents of the GPU-NKVD] edited by Valentyna Borysenko et al. .......................................................... 143 Taras Hunczak Holodomor v Ukrayini 1932-1933 rr.: bibliohrafichnyi pokazhchyk [The Famine in Ukraine of 1932-1933: A Bibliographic Guide] edited by L. M. Buryan and I. E. Rikun ...................................................... 146 Dmytro Shtohryn Ivan Franko i nimetska literatura [Ivan Franko and German Literature] by Leonid Rudnytzky .................................................................................. 151 Yuriy Sakharov Kiev e Leopoli. II testo culturale [Kyiv and Lviv. The cultural text.] edited by Maria Bartolini and Giovanna Bercoff ........................................ 154 Marco Cerocchi Smiling Slovenia: Political Dissent Papers edited by Vladislav Bevc................ 157 Gary Clabaugh GUIDELINES FOR SUBMISSIONS ............................................................................ 160 Contributors YAROSLAV BILINSKY is Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of Delaware and the author of The Second Soviet Republic: The Ukraine after World War II. He has contributed numerous articles, essay and book reviews in books and scholarly journals. JEAN-PIERRE CAP is the Edwin Oliver Williams Professor Emeritus of Foreign Languages and Literatures at Lafayette College and the author of multiple ar ticles and books on French and European literature, including Decadence of Freedom: Jacques Riviere's Perception ofRussian Mentality (1985). JURU DOBCZANSKY is president of the Ukrainian Library Association of America and a member of the World Council of Ukrainian Librarians, as well as the Senior Cataloging Specialist and the Recommending Officer for the Ukraine Central and East European Languages Team of the Social Sciences Catalog ing Division of the Library of Congress. CHRIS FORD is a Trade Union Education tutor for the Workers Educational Asso ciation, London, and the author of Ukraine 's Orange Revolution and the Quest for Omnilateral Liberation (2006) and Socialism, Stalinism and National Lib eration: The Ideas ofthe URDP (Vpered) in the Post-War Era (2006). IVAN z. HOLOWINSKY is a professor at Rutgers University and the author of multi ple books and articles on education and ethnicity, including Exceptional Learners: Education and Research from a Global Perspective (2001 ). IWAN s. KOROPECKYJ is Professor Emeritus at Temple University and the author of numerous articles and books, including Development in the Shadow: Studies in Ukrainian Economics ( 1991 ). He is also the editor of Ukrainian Economic History: Interpretive Essays and Soviet Regional Economics: Selected Works of V. Holubnychy. LEONID RUDNYTZKY is Professor Emeritus of Germanic and Slavic Literatures at La Salle University and the former Rector of the Ukrainian Free University of Mu nich. He is the author of numerous articles and books on German-Ukrainian lit erary relations, the Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko and 20th century Ukrainian church history, as well as the editor of The Ukrainian Quarterly. The Ukrainian Quarterly, Vol. LXIV, No. 1-2, Spring-Winter 2008 % our <R_f aders: rrne present issue of'11ie V~ainian Q1ui:rterCy is aedicatea to tlie Sta fin-ind'ucea famine in V~aine in tlie years 1932-1933. It is a commemorative pu6fication on tlie 75tfi anniversary of tliis tragecly, wliicli is k.,nown in V~ai nian as tlie Jfofotfomor. rrne word' was coined' in tlie V~ainian aiaspora in tlie past century; it is a compound' made up of tlie noun fw{oa (liunger) and' tlie transitive ver6 moryty (to starve to aeatli). rrne Jfofoaomor is one of tlie great est genocitfes ever perpetrated' on a nation; it occurred' 6efore tlie tenn was coined' ten years fater in 1943. <Despite intensive stuaies and' researcli, tlie num6er of its victims cannot 6e aefinitive(y esta6{islied'. Conservative esti mates range anywliere from ~ to ten million peopfe. rrney were starved' to aeatli in a country tliat was at tliat time k.,nown as tlie "6read 6as~t of <Eu rope.,, rrne enonnity of tliis tragecly is perliaps 6est ex.pressed' in 1@man rtatc liyn's transfation of 'M.y~fa CRJi,aen~'s poem "rrli,e Cross" (featured' in tliis issue) in tlie foffowing fines: ''Jina countfess are tlie muraerea mifUons. }l nd' countfess stiff tlie graves unk.,nown. " Ind'eecl, aespite tlie efforts of tlie present V~ainian government, tlie Vtrainians fiving in tlie aiaspora and' scliofars from a«parts of tlie wor[{[, tlie true num6er of tlie victims wiff never 6e k.,nown. rrne memory of tlie event, liowever, wiff never fade. rrli,is issue of our V~ainian Qjlarterfy ex.pfores and' ana(yzes