Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past: a Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region
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Institute of National Remembrance https://ipn.gov.pl/en/for-the-media/statements/4245,Statement-on-the-crimes-committed-by-the-Ger man-Reich-in-occupied-Poland-and-on-.html 2021-09-28, 09:34 12.06.2020 Statement on the crimes committed by the German Reich in occupied Poland and on the false information appearing in public Public dissemination of counter-factual information on the number of Jews killed by Polish people outside the ghettos between 1942–1945, alongside with false generalisations regarding the perpetrators of those crimes is an increasingly frequent phenomenon. A large proportion of such information is supported in a dishonest way by the authority of Simon Datner – one of the initiators of Holocaust studies. In a manner far from scientific scrupulousness, certain numeric data on Jews murdered outside the ghettos is attributed to his works, whereas in reality he never included such data in them. Furthermore, Datner – like any responsible researcher – understood perfectly well that the territory of the Polish lands, both within the ghettos organised by the Germans and outside those ghettos, was under German occupation and was subjected to the absolute terror of the German Reich. Therefore, Datner did not treat the areas under German occupation outside the ghettos as places where the Polish population could act freely. Quite the opposite – as someone who experienced this period personally, he understood the realities of German occupation perfectly well, and described them with due sensitivity. In the often-cited article “Nazi crimes against ghetto escapees”, S. Datner wrote: “In one of the studies, I estimated the number of surviving Jews, saved primarily thanks to the help of the Polish population, at around 100,000 people. -
Civil Service Professionalisation in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine
CIVIL SERVICE PROFESSIONALISATION IN ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN, GEORGIA, MOLDOVA AND UKRAINE November 2014 Salvador Parrado 2 Rue André Pascal This SIGMA Paper has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. SIGMA Papers should not be 75775 Paris Cedex 16 reported as representing the official views of the EU, the OECD or its member countries, or of beneficiaries participating in the France SIGMA Programme. The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the author(s). SIGMA Papers describe preliminary results or research in progress by the author(s) and are published to stimulate discussion on mailto:[email protected] a broad range of issues on which the EU and the OECD work. Comments on Working Papers are welcomed, and may be sent to Tel: +33 (0) 1 45 24 82 00 SIGMA-OECD, 2 rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. Fax: +33 (0) 1 45 24 13 05 This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the www.sigmaweb.org delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... 5 The scope of the civil service ....................................................................................................................... 5 The institutional set-up for consistent and effective human resource management practices ................ -
On the Threshold of the Holocaust: Anti-Jewish Riots and Pogroms In
Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 11 Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Szarota Tomasz On the Threshold of the Holocaust In the early months of the German occu- volume describes various characters On the Threshold pation during WWII, many of Europe’s and their stories, revealing some striking major cities witnessed anti-Jewish riots, similarities and telling differences, while anti-Semitic incidents, and even pogroms raising tantalising questions. of the Holocaust carried out by the local population. Who took part in these excesses, and what was their attitude towards the Germans? The Author Anti-Jewish Riots and Pogroms Were they guided or spontaneous? What Tomasz Szarota is Professor at the Insti- part did the Germans play in these events tute of History of the Polish Academy in Occupied Europe and how did they manipulate them for of Sciences and serves on the Advisory their own benefit? Delving into the source Board of the Museum of the Second Warsaw – Paris – The Hague – material for Warsaw, Paris, The Hague, World War in Gda´nsk. His special interest Amsterdam, Antwerp, and Kaunas, this comprises WWII, Nazi-occupied Poland, Amsterdam – Antwerp – Kaunas study is the first to take a comparative the resistance movement, and life in look at these questions. Looking closely Warsaw and other European cities under at events many would like to forget, the the German occupation. On the the Threshold of Holocaust ISBN 978-3-631-64048-7 GEP 11_264048_Szarota_AK_A5HC PLE edition new.indd 1 31.08.15 10:52 Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 11 Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Szarota Tomasz On the Threshold of the Holocaust In the early months of the German occu- volume describes various characters On the Threshold pation during WWII, many of Europe’s and their stories, revealing some striking major cities witnessed anti-Jewish riots, similarities and telling differences, while anti-Semitic incidents, and even pogroms raising tantalising questions. -
Germany, International Justice and the 20Th Century
Paul Betts Dept .of History University of Sussex NOT TO BE QUOTED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE AUTHOR: DRAFT VERSION: THE FINAL DRAFT OF THIS ESSAY WILL APPEAR IN A SPECIAL ISSUE OF HISTORY AND MEMORY IN APRIL, 2005, ED. ALON CONFINO Germany, International Justice and the 20th Century The turning of the millennium has predictably spurred fresh interest in reinterpreting the 20th century as a whole. Recent years have witnessed a bountiful crop of academic surveys, mass market picture books and television programs devoted to recalling the deeds and misdeeds of the last one hundred years. It then comes as no surprise that Germany often figures prominently in these new accounts. If nothing else, its responsibility for World War I, World War II and the Holocaust assures its villainous presence in most every retrospective on offer. That Germany alone experienced all of the modern forms of government in one compressed century – from constitutional monarchy, democratic socialism, fascism, Western liberalism to Soviet-style communism -- has also made it a favorite object lesson about the so-called Age of Extremes. Moreover, the enduring international influence of Weimar culture, feminism and the women’s movement, social democracy, post-1945 economic recovery, West German liberalism, environmental politics and most recently pacifism have also occasioned serious reconsideration of the contemporary relevance of the 20th century German past. Little wonder that several commentators have gone so far as to christen the “short twentieth century” between 1914 and 1989 as really the “German century,” to the extent that German history is commonly held as emblematic of Europe’s 20th century more generally.1 Acknowledging Germany’s central role in 20th century life has hardly made things easy for historians, however. -
Dear Delegates, Congratulations on Being Selected to the Kremlin, One of VMUN's Most Advanced Committees. My Name Is Harrison
Dear Delegates, Congratulations on being selected to the Kremlin, one of VMUN’s most advanced committees. My name is Harrison Ritchie, and I will be your director for this year’s conference. I have been involved in MUN since Grade 10, and have thoroughly enjoyed every conference that I have attended. This year’s Kremlin will be a historical crisis committee. In February, you will all be transported to the October of 1988, where you will be taking on the roles of prominent members of either the Soviet Politburo or Cabinet of Ministers. As powerful Soviet officials, you will be debating the fall of the Soviet Union, or, rather, how to keep the Union together in such a tumultuous time. In the Soviet Union’s twilight years, a ideological divide began to emerge within the upper levels of government. Two distinct blocs formed out of this divide: the hardliners, who wished to see a return to totalitarian Stalinist rule, and the reformers, who wished to progress to a more democratic Union. At VMUN, delegates will hold the power to change the course of history. By exacting your influence upon your peers, you will gain valuable allies and make dangerous enemies. There is no doubt that keeping the Union together will be no easy task, and there are many issues to address over the coming three days, but I hope that you will be thoroughly engrossed in the twilight years of one of the world’s greatest superpower and find VMUN an overall fulfilling experience. Good luck in your research, and as always, if you have any questions, feel free to contact me before the conference. -
“Attempts at Decommunization in Russia Upset De-Stalinization”
“Attempts at Decommunization in Russia Upset de-Stalinization” May 5, 2018 marked the 200th anniversary of Karl Marx’s birth. Whatever the attitude towards this philosopher, nobody denies that his heritage largely shaped the 20th century and that today’s demand for Marxist-related ideas is much above supply. What has happened to left- wing and Communist ideas following the collapse of the Soviet Union and how does decommunization influence societies? Russia in Global Affairs editor Alexander Solovyov discusses these and other related topics with Sergei Solovyov, editor-in-chief of Skepsis magazine. – What made Eastern Europe and some post-Soviet republics launch decommunization? – firstly, it is the ideological embodiment of what in eastern europe is commonly called “regime change.” a key element of a newly- invented myth of the fundamental break with the so-called Communist past, which is a clue to the legitimation of the new elite. This policy, as far as I can judge, is enforced more radically the stronger the real ties are between the elite’s nomenklatura and the previous political regime. a clear example of this is hungary, where the technocratic mid-level career functionaries began to insist (as soon as they laid hands on the previous regime’s property) on the most resolute ideological break with the country’s past. on this soil hungarian nationalism soared and Jobbik—the movement for a Better hungary party—emerged in the limelight … I should say that in hungary today we have what I would Sergei M. Solovyov is an Associate Professor in the Social Psychology Department at the Mos- cow State Institute of Psychology and Pedagogy. -
Host By: Queen's University Belfast 29-31 May Lanyon Building
Anti-Communism in the Twentieth Century: An International Historical Perspective Host by: Queen’s University Belfast 29-31 May Lanyon Building University Rd, Belfast BT7 1NN Welcome to Anticomm2019! We are pleased and honoured for your attendance to Anti-Communism in the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective (@Anticomm2019). This conference is an unpreceded opportunity for academics to share their research on a topic that is still ill-defined and controversial - namely anti- communism’s impact on shaping contemporary history. From the Russian Revolution until the fall of the Berlin Wall, anti- communism was a global phenomenon that loomed heavy over the events in the last century. The legacy of this ideology, and the political practices employed by those promoting it’s cause, is an enduring one. For good and ill, the fight against Marxism forged our modern world. It is a winding tale that is worthy of revisiting and expanding. Through Anticomm2019 we hope that you join us on taking steps forward in contextualizing the efforts by an array of historical actors, governments, and organisations combating a mutual enemy. Though their methods, motivations, and measures often differed radically, they all sought to fight communism. More often than not, these individuals and institutions imagined themselves as the noble Roman manning the ramparts against the invading Goths. In essence, this event seeks, with your help, to understand why and how a substantial segment of the global population reacted as they did when the proverbial ‘Red Goths’ were at the city gates. Finally we like to thank everyone who helped turn Anticomm2019 into a reality. -
1 1 CHARTERS WYNN Department of History 128 Inner Campus Dr. The
CHARTERS WYNN Department of History 128 Inner Campus Dr. The University of Texas at Austin 512-475-7234 Austin, Texas 78712 [email protected] EDUCATION Ph.D. in History, Stanford University, 1987 Field: Modern Russia Minor Field: Modern Europe Supporting Field: Developmental Economics M.A. in History, Stanford University, 1979 B.A. with Double Honors in History; Modern Society and Social Thought University of California, Santa Cruz, 1976 EMPLOYMENT University of Texas at Austin Associate Professor, from 1995 Assistant Professor, 1990-1994 Lafayette College Assistant Professor, 1989-1990 Rice University Lecturer, 1988-1989 University of Houston, Clear Lake Visiting Assistant Professor, 1986-1988 Stanford University Instructor, 1984; Teaching Assistant, 1979, 1981, 1985 BOOK Workers, Strikes, and Pogroms: The Donbass-Dnepr Bend in Late Imperial Russia, 1870-1905 (Princeton University Press, 1992) BOOK AWARD Herbert Baxter Adams Prize Best First Book in European History, 1993 American Historical Association CURRENT BOOK PROJECT: “The Moderate Bolshevik: Mikhail Tomsky from the Factory to the Kremlin, 1880-1936.” This first study of the Bolsheviks' leading trade unionist and one true proletarian on the Politburo during the 1920s will examine Tomsky's rise to power, his central role in the struggles over social and economic policy, political power and foreign affairs, during the transition from Tsarism to Stalinism, as well as all the torment the Party inflicted on him after he fell out of favor. The manuscript has been submitted to Brill’s Historical Materialism Series, where it is under contract. 1 1 PUBLISHED ARTICLES ON CURRENT PROJECT “NEP’s Last Stand: Mikhail Tomsky and the Eighth Trade Union Congress,” Canadian- American Slavic Studies (Vol. -
THE POLISH POLICE Collaboration in the Holocaust
THE POLISH POLICE Collaboration in the Holocaust Jan Grabowski The Polish Police Collaboration in the Holocaust Jan Grabowski INA LEVINE ANNUAL LECTURE NOVEMBER 17, 2016 The assertions, opinions, and conclusions in this occasional paper are those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. First printing, April 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Jan Grabowski THE INA LEVINE ANNUAL LECTURE, endowed by the William S. and Ina Levine Foundation of Phoenix, Arizona, enables the Center to bring a distinguished scholar to the Museum each year to conduct innovative research on the Holocaust and to disseminate this work to the American public. Wrong Memory Codes? The Polish “Blue” Police and Collaboration in the Holocaust In 2016, seventy-one years after the end of World War II, the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs disseminated a long list of “wrong memory codes” (błędne kody pamięci), or expressions that “falsify the role of Poland during World War II” and that are to be reported to the nearest Polish diplomat for further action. Sadly—and not by chance—the list elaborated by the enterprising humanists at the Polish Foreign Ministry includes for the most part expressions linked to the Holocaust. On the long list of these “wrong memory codes,” which they aspire to expunge from historical narrative, one finds, among others: “Polish genocide,” “Polish war crimes,” “Polish mass murders,” “Polish internment camps,” “Polish work camps,” and—most important for the purposes of this text—“Polish participation in the Holocaust.” The issue of “wrong memory codes” will from time to time reappear in this study. -
In Annual Speeches of the Republic of Poland Ministers of Foreign Affairs After 2001
Przegląd Strategiczny 2017, nr 10 Piotr POCHYŁY DOI : 10.14746/ps.2017.1.12 University of Zielona Góra THE CONCEPT OF “SECURITY” IN ANNUAL SPEECHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND MINISTERS OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AFTER 2001 The purpose of the publication is to present how the concept of security has been de- fined in annual speeches of Poland’s foreign ministers after the 9/11 attacks in 2001. Research problem: the impact of the international situation on ways of ensuring Po- land’s security in the annual speeches of Polish foreign ministers. Apart from the as- pect of classically understood security, the analysis also covers modern categories of security that is economic, public, ecological, energy or food security. The temporal range is from 2001 to 2017. Following the definition in the Polish Language Diction- ary published by PWN I define “security” as “the state of non-threat” (Bezpieczeństwo, 2017). * * * Every year foreign ministers of Poland give their annual speeches – officially known as the Information of the Foreign Minister on the goals of foreign policy, in which they define priorities, characterize challenges, and present corrections to the policy. Sometimes it is just an ordinary fulfilment of the obligation, which does not provoke greater conflicts or reflections and is presented in the nearly empty hall, but since 2010, after the plane crash near Smolensk, there have been very exciting debates connected with disputes in the Parliament (speeches given by Radosław Sikorski between 2011–2014), also in connection to responsibility for state security. The speeches which were urgent responses to events in the world (Sikorski, 2014) and the ones that were given when new governments came to power: (Cimoszewicz, 2002; Meller, 2006; Sikorski, 2008; Sikorski, 2012; Waszczykowski, 2016) will be particularly relevant to the search for answers to the research problem because apart from presenting current issues the ministers were obliged to discuss four-year for- eign policy assumptions. -
Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr. -
Achievements and Difficulties in Bilateral Cooperation (1992–2017)
UDC 327(476:474.5)"1992/2017" BELARus – LATvIA: AchIEvEmEnTs AnD DIffIcuLTIEs In BILATERAL cOOpERATIOn (1992–2017) V. G. ShADurski a aBelarusian State University, 4 Niezaliežnasci Avenue, Minsk 220030, Belarus The present article is devoted to the analysis of the Belarusian-Latvian relations during the period after the two countries gained independence. The author came to the conclusion that the main obstacle to expanding bilateral cooperation is the opposite of geopolitical aspirations of Minsk and Riga and, as a consequence, a different attitude of the neighbouring count- ries to the problem of human rights and historical policy. It is unlikely that the existing disagreements can be eliminated in the coming years. However, such advantages as the geographic proximity of the two countries, the cultural and histori cal proximity of the Belarusians and Latvians are a favourable factor for establishing effective interaction in the economic sphere, contacts at the level of regions and cities. A great capacity for cooperation exists in the Belarusian-Latvian border area. The article contains an attempt to define “points of growth” in bilateral relations, as well as to identify problems that can be eliminated without serious financial costs. Key words: Belarusian-Latvian relations; Belarusian and Latvian foreign policy; diaspora; Euroregions; twin cities; small border movement. образец цитирования: For citation: Шадурский В. Г. Беларусь – Латвия: достижения и про Shadurski V. G. Belarus – Latvia: achievements and difficul блемы двустороннего сотрудничества (1992–2017) // ties in bilateral cooperation (1992–2017). J. Belarus. State Журн. Белорус. гос. ун-та. Междунар. отношения. 2017. Univ. Int. Relat. 2017. No. 2. P. 3–12.