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Altaic, Turkic, Eastern. Lenguage Codes

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UYGHUR, UIGURO, UYGHUR Language family: Altaic, Turkic, Eastern. Lenguage codes: ISO 639-1 ug ISO 639-2 uig ISO 639-3 uig Glottolog: uygh1240. :([txineraz 维吾尔语 [Wéiwú'ěryǔ ,ﺋۇﻳﻐۇر/ Beste izen batzuk (autoglotonimoa: Уйғур central uyghur dial uighur [UIG]. novouygur alt uyghur [UIG]. uighor alt uyghur [UIG]. uighuir alt uyghur [UIG]. uighur alt uyghur [UIG]. uighur alt uyghur [UIG]. uiguir alt uyghur [UIG]. uigur alt uyghur [UIG]. uyghur [UIG] hizk. Txina; baita Afganistan, AEB, Alemania, Australia, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kirgistan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Turkia (Asia), Uzbekistan ere. uyghuri alt uighur [UIG]. uygur alt uyghur [UIG]. weiwuer alt uyghur [UIG]. wiga alt uyghur [UIG]. wighor alt uyghur [UIG]. AFGANISTAN uyghur (uighur, uyghuri, wighor, uiguir) [UIG] 3.000 hiztun. Herri gutxitan mintzatua Badakshan eta Abi-i-Barik-en. Agian baita Iran eta Taiwanen ere. Altaic, Turkic, Eastern. Dialektoak: kashgar-yarkand (yarkandy), taranchi. Ikus sarrera nagusia Txinan. KAZAKHSTAN uyghur (uighur, uiguir, uygur, novouygur) [UIG] 300.000 hiztun (1993), % 86k ama hizkuntza du. Taranchi dialektoa Kazakhstanen, kashgar-yarkanda Uzbekistanen. Altaic, Turkic, Eastern. Dialektoak: taranchi (kulja), kashgar-yarkand. Dialekto ezberdintasun nabarmenak Kazakhstan, Txina eta Uzbekistanen artean. Idazkera zirilikoa. Ikus sarrera nagusia Txinan. MONGOLIA uyghur (uygur, uighur, uigur, uighuir, uiguir) [UIG] 1.000 hiztun (1982an ustez). Hövsgöl Aimag, ipar Mongolia. Altaic, Turkic, Eastern. Mongolian halheraz alfabetazioa eta uyghurrak normalean halh kulturak dauzka asimilatuak. Ikus sarrera nagusia Txinan. TURKIA (Asia) uyghur (uighur, uygur, uigur) [UIG] 500 edo gehiago hiztun lehen hizkuntza dutenak (1981). Kayseri hiria, eta jakin gabeko kopurua Istanbulen. Agian Iranen. Altaic, Turkic, eastern. Idazkera latindarra. Ikus sarrera nagusia Txinan. TXINA uyghur (uighur, uygur, uigur, uighuir, uiguir, weiwuer, wiga) [UIG] 7.214.431 hiztun (1990eko errolda), barne eginik 4.700.000 central uyghur, 150.000 hotan, 25.000 lop. Herrialde guztietako populazio osoa 7.595.512 edo gehiago. Xinjiang Eskualde Autonomoan zehar. Halaber mintzatua Afganistan, AEB, Alemania, Australia, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kirgistan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Taiwuan, Tajikistan, Turkia (Asia), Uzbekistanen ere. Altaic, Turkic, Eastern. Dialektoak: central uyghur, hotan (hetian), lop (luobu). Akto türkmenak mintzatzen du uyghur dialekto bat oso gutxi erabiliak diren 500 hitz diferenterekin; itxura eta ohitura ezberdinak dituzte. Berek diotenez Samarkandan dute jatorria eta gobernuak kirgizak bezala dauzka zerrendatuak. 2.000 daude bi hiritan, Kösarap eta Oytak-en Akto Konderrian. Kashgar hegoaldea, Xinjiang. Dolana da Xinjiangen Taklimakan basamortuaren ertzetan mintzatzen den dialektoa. Txinatar hizkuntzalariek 3 dialekto aitortzen dituzte. Beste batzuek hurrengo dialektoak aipatzen dituzte: kashgar- yarkand (kashi-shache), yengi hissar (yengisar), khotan-kerya (hotan-yutian), charchan (quarqan, qiemo), aksu (aqsu), qarasharh (karaxahar), kucha (kuqa), turfan (turpan), kumul (hami), ili (kulja, yining, taranchi), urumqi (urumchi), lopnor (lopnur), dolan, akto türkmen. Txinako 5 nazionalitate ofizial garrantzitsuenetako bat. Iparraldekoak dira txinatar kultura modernoak gehien eragin dienak. SOV, postposizioak, genitiboak, adjektiboak, numeralak, erlatiboak substantibo nuklearraren aurrean; galdera hitzak hasieran; aurrizki gutxi; 3 atzizki izenetan; 6 atzizki aditzetan; hitzen ordenak bereizten ditu subjektuak eta zeharkako objektuak; gaia eta komentarioa; 8 izen-kasu atzizkien bidez emanak; aditz atzizkiek markatzen dituzte pertsonaren subjektua, numeroa, 2. pertsonak markatzen ditu plurala eta 3 errespetu maila; pasiboa, bihurkaria, elkarkaria eta kausatiboa; konparatiboak; CV, CVC, CVCC; ez-tonala. Txinan latindar idazkera; 1987an arabiar idazkera berria sartu zen; idazkera zirilikoa erabili izan da. Irrati programak. Hizkuntza / lengua: uygurera / uyghur / uiguro / uyghur. Hiztunak / hablantes (2002): 8.130.000 (Rafael del Moral). Herrialdea / país: Txina (7.960.000, Xinjian probintzian), Kazajstan (170.000). HISTORIA. Familia turtzikoko hizkuntza HISTORIA. Lengua altaica de la familia túrcica, altaikoa, Xinjiang txinatar probintziakoa propia de la provincia china de Xinjiang. El jatorriz. Uygurera zaharra izan zen turkiar uiguro antiguo fue la lengua de la herriaren administrazio, kultura eta administración, de la cultura y de la literatura literaturaren hizkuntza, zeina bizi izan baitzen del pueblo turco que vivió en el centro de Asia, Asia zentralean, Mongoliaren mendebaldean, al oeste de Mongolia, desde el s. VIII hasta el VIII. m.tik XIV. m.ra arte. Garai hartan XIV. Por entonces era la lengua más importante hizkuntzarik garrantzitsuena zen Asia de la región centroasiática conocida hoy como zentralean, gaur Xinjiang bezala ezagutzen Xinjiang. La mayoría de sus hablantes son, den lurraldean. Hiztun gehienak musulmanak desde el s. XI, de confesión musulmana, pero dira XI. m.az gero, baina budistak eta kristau también fueron budistas y cristianos nerstoriarrak ere izan ziren. 1755etik hona nerstorianos. Desde 1755 su dominio pertenece Txinari dagokio bere domeinua. a China. Hizkuntza literarioa Urumchi hiriko aldaeran La lengua literaria está basada en la variedad dago oinarritua. de la ciudad de Urumchi. HIZKUNTZA. Ezaugarri nagusiak. LENGUA. Principales características. Fonetika. Uzbekeraz bezala, harmonia Fonética. Al igual que en uzbeco, la armonía bokalikoa atrofiatua dauka. vocálica está atrofiada. Morfosintaxia. A) Plurala, deklinabidea eta Morfosintaxis. A) La formación del plural, la atzizki posesiboak turkierarenak ditu. B) declinación y los afijos posesivos son los del Izenordainen eta zenbakien formak ere turco. B) Las formas de los pronombres y los turkierarenak ditu harmonia bikalikoan números también son los del turco con algunos oinarritutako egokitze batzuekin, turkierak bai ajustes basados en la armonía vocálica que el baitu harmonia bokalikoa. C) Aditzen egitura turco sí usa. C) La estructura morfológica de los morfologikoan ere turkiera imitatzen du. D) verbos también imita la turca. D) El vocabulario Hiztegiak txinera eta errusieraren eragina du; está influido por el chino y por el ruso; de este errusieratik jasotzen du gaur lexiko zientifikoa. último toma el léxico científico moderno. Tradizionalki persiera ere eraginkor gertatu Tradicionalmente el persa fue también lengua zitzaion. E) Gutxienez hiru aldaera baditu. F) influyente. E) Está fragmentado al menos en 3 Hona hemen uygureraz lehenengo 10 variedades. F) Los 10 primeros números en zenbakiak: nöl (0), bir (1), ikki (2), üch (3), töt uiguro son: nöl (0), bir (1), ikki (2), üch (3), töt (4), bäsh (5), altä (6), yättä (7), säkkiz (8), (4), bäsh (5), altä (6), yättä (7), säkkiz (8), toqquz (9), on (10). toqquz (9), on (10). Idazkera. Uygurera zaharraren idazkera VII. Escritura. La escritura del uiguro antiguo se m.tik aurrera erabili zen, eredu sogdiarrean utilizó desde el s. VII en adelante, basada en el oinarrituta, hau aldi berean aramear idazkeran modelo sogdiano, que a su vez se había oinarritua izanik. Zeta bideari jarraituz inspirado en la escritura del arameo. Su transmititu zen Asia zentralera. Mongoliarrek transmisión hacia Asia central siguió la ruta kopiatu egin zuten. Sogdieraz ez bezala, comercial de la seda. Los mongoles la copiaron. uygureraz goitik behera idazten da, txineraz A diferencia del sogdiano, la escritura del bezala, eta ez eskuin-ezker. XIII. m.az gero uiguro se desplaza de arriba hacia abajo, como arabiar idazkera sartu zen, baina idazkera el chino, y no de derecha a izquierda. A partir bertikal zaharrak iraun egin zuen lurraldearen del s. XIII se introduce la escritura árabe, ekialdean. Gaur arabiar alfabetoa erabiltzen mientras la antigua escritura vertical continúa du zeinu berezi batzuekin, bereziki bere siendo usada al este del territorio. Hoy usa el sistema bokalikoa notatzeko. XX. m.aren alfabeto árabe con algunos signos propios, en erdialdean, txinatar agintariek nolabaiteko particular para anotar su sistema vocálico. latindar alfabeto bat sartu zuten, nahiz eta Hacia la mitad del s. XX, las autoridades chinas gutxi, irakaskuntzan eta hedabideetan introdujeron un alfabeto de tipo latino que, erabiltzen dena, mendebaldearen erara aunque poco empleado, se utiliza en los egokituz. sistemas de enseñanza y en las publicaciones, más ajustados a los usos occidentales. Los hablantes de uiguro de Kazajstán, Kirgizistán y Uzbekistán, apegados a la cultura Kazakhstan, Kirgizistan eta Uzbekistango rusa, escriben su lengua con el alfabeto cirílico. uygureradunek, errusiar kulturari atxikiak, alfabeto zirilikoa erabiltzen dute. GRAMATIKAK, METODOAK, ESKULIBURUAK CENTRAL ASIA PHRASEBOOKS, languages of the silk road, uyghur, uzbek, kyrgyz, kazhak, pashto, tajik, tashkorghani, turkmen, burushaski, khowar, mandarin, mongolian, shina, wakhi, Lonely Planet, author: Justin Jon Rudelson, 1st edition, 14x9, 239 or., Victoria (Australia), 1998. Bibliografia GOSPEL OF LUKE IN THE UIGHUR LANGUAGE, Institute for Bible Translation, 18,5x12,5, 111 or., Stockholm, 1994. UIGHUR ALFABETOA UYGHUR ALPHABET Most of the Old Uyghur letters have different Uygurera zaharrean letrek forma shapes depending on their position in a ezberdinak dituzte hitzetan duten tokiaren word. The initial shapes are used at the arabera. Hasierako formak hitzaren beginning of words, the medial shapes in hasieran, forma ertainak hitzen erdian eta the middle, and the final
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  • Internationalization and Math

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    Internationalization and Math Test collection Made by ckepper • English • 2 articles • 156 pages Contents Internationalization 1. Arabic alphabet . 3 2. Bengali alphabet . 27 3. Chinese script styles . 47 4. Hebrew language . 54 5. Iotation . 76 6. Malayalam . 80 Math Formulas 7. Maxwell's equations . 102 8. Schrödinger equation . 122 Appendix 9. Article ourS ces and Contributors . 152 10. Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors . 154 Internationalization Arabic alphabet Arabic Alphabet Type Abjad Languages Arabic Time peri- 356 AD to the present od Egyptian • Proto-Sinaitic ◦ Phoenician Parent ▪ Aramaic systems ▪ Syriac ▪ Nabataean ▪ Arabic Al- phabet Arabic alphabet | Article 1 fo 2 3 َْ Direction Right-to-left األ ْب َج ِد َّية :The Arabic alphabet (Arabic ا ْل ُح ُروف al-ʾabjadīyah al-ʿarabīyah, or ا ْل َع َربِ َّية ISO ْ al-ḥurūf al-ʿarabīyah) or Arabic Arab, 160 ال َع َربِ َّية 15924 abjad is the Arabic script as it is codi- Unicode fied for writing Arabic. It is written Arabic alias from right to left in a cursive style and includes 28 letters. Most letters have • U+0600–U+06FF contextual letterforms. Arabic • U+0750–U+077F Originally, the alphabet was an abjad, Arabic Supplement with only consonants, but it is now con- • U+08A0–U+08FF sidered an "impure abjad". As with other Arabic Extended-A abjads, such as the Hebrew alphabet, • U+FB50–U+FDFF scribes later devised means of indicating Unicode Arabic Presentation vowel sounds by separate vowel diacrit- range Forms-A ics. • U+FE70–U+FEFF Arabic Presentation Consonants Forms-B • U+1EE00–U+1EEFF The basic Arabic alphabet contains 28 Arabic Mathematical letters.
  • The Vagaries of the Arabo-Persian Script in Ottoman-Turkish Texts

    The Vagaries of the Arabo-Persian Script in Ottoman-Turkish Texts

    Jan Schmidt How to write Turkish? The Vagaries of the Arabo-Persian Script in Ottoman-Turkish Texts Abstract: The chapter discusses the development of the orthography of Turkish texts in, what the Turks usually call ‘the old script’, i.e. the Arabo-Persian alphabet in its various forms as it appears in texts handwritten, printed and engraved, which were produced in the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey before 1928. 1 Turkish (Turkic) texts before the Ottomans Turkish has been written since the 8th century, perhaps even earlier, although no texts have survived from this earlier period. The first surviving texts were written in a ‘runic’ alphabet found on inscriptions in stone and on paper in Central Asia. It was based on the Aramaic alphabet in its Iranian form, possibly together with some letters adapted from the Greek (Hephtalite) alphabet, as Sir Gerard Clauson has suggested (Clauson 1970). This alphabet was in use for two centuries and was mainly employed for monumental inscriptions by local rulers who were part of the Göktürk (‘Celestial Turkish’) confederation. With the rise of the Uighur Khanate (principality) from 742, a second alpha- bet, or rather a group of alphabets, came into existence. This used a cursive script that had its origin in the cursive Sogdian script,1 which, in turn, was based on the Aramaic script. The script was mostly used for Christian, Manichaean and Bud- dhist texts. In 763, Manichaeism, spread by Sogdian preachers, was declared to be the state religion by the Uighur Khan, Bögü Kagan; after the fall of the Uighur Empire in the 840s, the Uighur Turks moved to the oases of eastern Turkestan.
  • Arabic Letter Writing Pdf Bipolar

    Arabic Letter Writing Pdf Bipolar

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