Arabic Letter Writing Pdf Bipolar
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
[2010] Manuscript Learnability Ver 2
PERSPECTIVES ON KANO Copyright 2010 ©A Jama'ar Inuwar Kano (Kano Foundation) Initiative for kanoonline.com First Published in Nigeria December, 2010 lSBN: 978-8092-53-5 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or. utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written the or permission of the author. Printed & Bound by Tellettes Consulting Coy Ltd • 2 PERSPECTIVES ON KANO Contents CHAPTER 1 The Kano Physical Environment 7 CHAPTER2 Assessment of Water Demand Pattern in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of the Greater Kano Area, Nigeria 47 CHAPTER3 Aspects of Kano Cultural Tourism 57 CHAPTER4 The Structure of Kano Economy 83 CHAPTERS Introduction, Spread and Development of Islam in Kano Since 1350 A.D. 111 CHAPTER6 Manuscript Learnability and Indig;enous Knowledge for Development-The Kano Hausa Ajami in Historical Context 139 CHAPTER? The Influence of North African Arabs on Kano City 200 CHAPTERS Multiculturalism in Kano State of Nigeri.a- Processes and Dynamics 239 CHAPTER9 A Participatory Account of the Jihad in Kano 268 CHAPTER 10 Sarki Goma: The Sakkwato Jihad and the Transformation of the Hausa Built Environment 290 CHAPTER 11 Community Mobilization in Traditional Societies: A Contextual Appraisal of the Role of Oramedia in tl1e 1804 Usman Dan Fodio Jihad Movement 311 CHAPTER 12 The Hajj Exercise in Kano: Challenges, Constraints and Drawbacks 339 CHAPTER 13 Biography of Select Kano Merchants, 1853-1955 373 CHAPTER 14 Language Patterns, Etiquette and Address Forms in Kano Emir's Palace. -
Proposal to Encode Bosnian Arabic Characters
Proposal to encode Bosnian Arabic characters Denis Moyogo Jacquerye <[email protected]> 2019-10-03 1. Introduction The Arabic alphabet has been used to write Bosnian from the 15th to the mid 20th century. In the early 20th century Mehmed Džemaludin Čaušević extended the alphabet, adding several letters including two letters that are proposed for encoding: • ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH INVERTED SMALL V for nj [ɲ], • ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH INVERTED SMALL V BELOW for ć [tɕ]. Other additional letters, which are already encoded, were used in this orthography: ,[For c [ts ڄ ARABIC LETTER DYEH 0684 • ,[For č [tʃ چ ARABIC LETTER TCHEH 0686 • ,[was used for both dž [dʒ] and đ [dʑ ج 062C ARABIC LETTER JEEM • ,[For lj [ʎ ڵ 06B5 ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH SMALL V • ,[For [u ۆ 06C6 ARABIC LETTER OE • .[For [o ۉ 06C9 ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ YU • Čaušević’s alphabet was used in publications from 1908 until the 1940s. That alphabet is referred to by several names: arebica, harfovica, matufovica, matufovača, mektebica. According to Pjanić (2009), several periodicals used arebica: Tarik (1908-1911), Muallim (1910-1913), Misbah (1912-1913) and Jeni Sabah (1914); and also the last publication using Arebica was Seid Serdarević Fikh ʾulʿibādāt (1941). Those two letters are mentioned in descriptions of Bosnian Arebica such as Bourgeois (1913), Lehfeldt (2001), Gažáková (2014). In recent years, there has been interest in Čaušević’s orthography. Notably in works by Al-Zubi and Cicak-Al-Zubi, in the Šegrt Suljica comics published in the Bosnian children magazine Elif. The 062C ARABIC LETTER is used for dž [dʒ] and another letter represents đ [dʑ], for ج JEEM example Al-Zubi and Cicak-Al-Zubi use 0620 ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH and a letter ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL V ڠ THREE DOTS ABOVE BELOW, which could potentially be encoded if in use, can be found in some character charts. -
The Impact of Arabic Orthography on Literacy and Economic Development in Afghanistan
International Journal of Education, Culture and Society 2019; 4(1): 1-12 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijecs doi: 10.11648/j.ijecs.20190401.11 ISSN: 2575-3460 (Print); ISSN: 2575-3363 (Online) The Impact of Arabic Orthography on Literacy and Economic Development in Afghanistan Anwar Wafi Hayat Department of Economics, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan Email address: To cite this article: Anwar Wafi Hayat. The Impact of Arabic Orthography on Literacy and Economic Development in Afghanistan. International Journal of Education, Culture and Society . Vol. 4, No. 1, 2019, pp. 1-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ijecs.20190401.11 Received : October 15, 2018; Accepted : November 8, 2018; Published : January 31, 2019 Abstract: Currently, Pashto and Dari (Afghan Persian), the two official languages, and other Afghan languages are written in modified Arabic alphabets. Persian adopted the Arabic alphabets in the ninth century, and Pashto, in sixteenth century CE. This article looks at how the Arabic Orthography has hindered Literacy and Economic development in Afghanistan. The article covers a comprehensive analysis of Arabic Orthography adopted for writing Dari and Pashto, a study of the proposed Arabic Language reforms, and research conducted about reading and writing difficulty in Arabic script by Arab intellectuals. The study shows how adopting modified Latin alphabets for a language can improve literacy level which further plays its part in the economic development of a country. The article dives into the history of Romanization of languages in the Islamic World and its impact on Literacy and economic development in those countries. Romanization of the Afghan Official languages and its possible impact on Literacy, Economy, and Peace in Afghanistan is discussed. -
Unicode Alphabets for L ATEX
Unicode Alphabets for LATEX Specimen Mikkel Eide Eriksen March 11, 2020 2 Contents MUFI 5 SIL 21 TITUS 29 UNZ 117 3 4 CONTENTS MUFI Using the font PalemonasMUFI(0) from http://mufi.info/. Code MUFI Point Glyph Entity Name Unicode Name E262 � OEligogon LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE WITH OGONEK E268 � Pdblac LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH DOUBLE ACUTE E34E � Vvertline LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH VERTICAL LINE ABOVE E662 � oeligogon LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE WITH OGONEK E668 � pdblac LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH DOUBLE ACUTE E74F � vvertline LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH VERTICAL LINE ABOVE E8A1 � idblstrok LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH TWO STROKES E8A2 � jdblstrok LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH TWO STROKES E8A3 � autem LATIN ABBREVIATION SIGN AUTEM E8BB � vslashura LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH SHORT SLASH ABOVE RIGHT E8BC � vslashuradbl LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH TWO SHORT SLASHES ABOVE RIGHT E8C1 � thornrarmlig LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN LIGATED WITH ARM OF LATIN SMALL LETTER R E8C2 � Hrarmlig LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H LIGATED WITH ARM OF LATIN SMALL LETTER R E8C3 � hrarmlig LATIN SMALL LETTER H LIGATED WITH ARM OF LATIN SMALL LETTER R E8C5 � krarmlig LATIN SMALL LETTER K LIGATED WITH ARM OF LATIN SMALL LETTER R E8C6 UU UUlig LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE UU E8C7 uu uulig LATIN SMALL LIGATURE UU E8C8 UE UElig LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE UE E8C9 ue uelig LATIN SMALL LIGATURE UE E8CE � xslashlradbl LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH TWO SHORT SLASHES BELOW RIGHT E8D1 æ̊ aeligring LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH RING ABOVE E8D3 ǽ̨ aeligogonacute LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH OGONEK AND ACUTE 5 6 CONTENTS -
Orthographic Transparency and the Ottoman Abjad Maithili Jais
Orthographic Transparency and the Ottoman Abjad Maithili Jais University of Florida Spring 2018 I. Introduction In 2014, the debate over whether Ottoman Turkish was to be taught in schools or not was once again brought to the forefront of Turkish society and the Turkish conscience, as Erdogan began to push for Ottoman Turkish to be taught in all high schools across the country (Yeginsu, 2014). This became an obsession of a news topic for media in the West as well as in Turkey. Turkey’s tumultuous history with politics inevitably led this proposal of teaching Ottoman Turkish in all high schools to become a hotbed of controversy and debate. For all those who are perfectly contented to let bygones be bygones, there are many who assert that the Ottoman Turkish alphabet is still relevant and important. In fact, though this may be a personal anecdote, there are still certainly people who believe that the Ottoman script is, or was, superior to the Latin alphabet with which modern Turkish is written. This thesis does not aim to undertake a task so grand as sussing out which of the two was more appropriate for Turkish. No, such a task would be a behemoth for this paper. Instead, it aims to answer the question, “How?” Rather, “How was the Arabic script moulded to fit Turkish and to what consequence?” Often the claim that one script it superior to another suggests inherent judgement of value, but of the few claims seen circulating Facebook on the efficacy of the Ottoman script, it seems some believe that it represented Turkish more accurately and efficiently. -
The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims, 2021
PERSONS • OF THE YEAR • The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • B The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • i The Muslim 500: The World’s 500 Most Influential Chief Editor: Prof S Abdallah Schleifer Muslims, 2021 Editor: Dr Tarek Elgawhary ISBN: print: 978-9957-635-57-2 Managing Editor: Mr Aftab Ahmed e-book: 978-9957-635-56-5 Editorial Board: Dr Minwer Al-Meheid, Mr Moustafa Jordan National Library Elqabbany, and Ms Zeinab Asfour Deposit No: 2020/10/4503 Researchers: Lamya Al-Khraisha, Moustafa Elqabbany, © 2020 The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre Zeinab Asfour, Noora Chahine, and M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin 20 Sa’ed Bino Road, Dabuq PO BOX 950361 Typeset by: Haji M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin Amman 11195, JORDAN www.rissc.jo All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repro- duced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanic, including photocopying or recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Views expressed in The Muslim 500 do not necessarily reflect those of RISSC or its advisory board. Set in Garamond Premiere Pro Printed in The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Calligraphy used throughout the book provided courte- sy of www.FreeIslamicCalligraphy.com Title page Bismilla by Mothana Al-Obaydi MABDA • Contents • INTRODUCTION 1 Persons of the Year - 2021 5 A Selected Surveyof the Muslim World 7 COVID-19 Special Report: Covid-19 Comparing International Policy Effectiveness 25 THE HOUSE OF ISLAM 49 THE -
Creating Standards
Creating Standards Unauthenticated Download Date | 6/17/19 6:48 PM Studies in Manuscript Cultures Edited by Michael Friedrich Harunaga Isaacson Jörg B. Quenzer Volume 16 Unauthenticated Download Date | 6/17/19 6:48 PM Creating Standards Interactions with Arabic Script in 12 Manuscript Cultures Edited by Dmitry Bondarev Alessandro Gori Lameen Souag Unauthenticated Download Date | 6/17/19 6:48 PM ISBN 978-3-11-063498-3 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-063906-3 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-063508-9 ISSN 2365-9696 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number: 2019935659 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2019 Dmitry Bondarev, Alessandro Gori, Lameen Souag, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Unauthenticated Download Date | 6/17/19 6:48 PM Contents The Editors Preface VII Transliteration of Arabic and some Arabic-based Script Graphemes used in this Volume (including Persian and Malay) IX Dmitry Bondarev Introduction: Orthographic Polyphony in Arabic Script 1 Paola Orsatti Persian Language in Arabic Script: The Formation of the Orthographic Standard and the Different Graphic Traditions of Iran in the First Centuries of -
Arabic Samaritan Yezidi
The Unicode® Standard Version 14.0 – Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see https://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. © 2021 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at https://www.unicode.org/reporting.html. For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see https://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium; edited by the Unicode Consortium. — Version 14.0. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-936213-29-0 (https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/) 1. -
Classifying Arabic Fonts Based on Design Characteristics: PANOSE-A
Classifying Arabic Fonts Based on Design Characteristics: PANOSE-A Jehan Janbi A Thesis In the Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Computer Science) at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada July 2016 © Jehan Janbi, 2016 Abstract In desktop publishing, fonts are essential components in each document design. With the development of font design software and tools, there are thousands of digital fonts. Increasing the number of available fonts makes selecting an appropriate font, which best serves the objective of a design, not an intuitive issue. Designers can search for a font like any other file types by using general information such as name and file format. But for document design purposes, the design features or visual characteristics of fonts are more meaningful for designers than font file information. Therefore, representing fonts’ design features by searchable and comparable data would facilitate searching and selecting a desirable font. One solution is to represent a font’s design features by a code composed of several digits. This solution has been implemented as a computerized system called PANOSE-1 for Latin script fonts. PANOSE-1 is a system for classifying and matching typefaces based on design features. It is composed of 10 digits, where each digit represents a specific design feature. It is used within several font management tools as an option for ordering and searching fonts based on their design features. It is also used in font replacement processes when an application or an operating system detects a missing font in an immigrant document or website. -
Proposal to Encode the Khwarezmian Script in Unicode
L2/18-010R 2018-03-26 Proposal to encode the Khwarezmian script in Unicode Anshuman Pandey [email protected] March 26, 2018 1 Introduction This proposal is a substantial revision and expansion of the following: • L2/17-054R: “Proposal to encode the Khwarezmian script in Unicode” It incorporates comments provided by the UTC Script Ad Hoc Committee in: • L2/17-255: Recommendations to UTC #152 July-August 2017 on Script Proposals • L2/18-039: Recommendations to UTC #154 January 2018 on Script Proposals Major changes include: • Definition of the script as a cursive joining abjad • Details on joining properties, shaping behaviors, and usage of • Addition of a detached form of aleph and a vocalization sign for waw and yodh • Encoded representations of examples words and numbers • Additional specimens showing usage of the script 2 Background The proposed script was used between the 2nd and 9th centuries for writing Khwarezmian (ISO 639-3: xco), a now-extinct Eastern Iranian language that was spoken in the Oxus (Amu Darya) river delta. This region in Central Asia is known in the Avesta as ନରଌଭଆଓ hvâirizem (Yašt 10.5.14). The Achaemenids re- ferred to it as κΠμπηΡρ uvârazmiš (XPh inscription, lines 21–22). It is called xvārazm in and this , خوارزمclassical Persian, which is transcribed as ‘Khwarezm’ in English. The Greeks knew it as Χορασμία hellenic form entered the English lexicon as ‘Chorasmia’. The territory lies across portions of present-day Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan. Both ‘Khwarezm’ and ‘Chorasmia’ are used in modern English, along with the adjectives ‘Khwarezmian’ and ‘Chorasmian’, and the variant spellings ‘Khwarazmian’ and ‘Choresmian’. -
The Mongolian Script
&'()'* !"#$% The Mongolian script: What’s going on?! $%&"' !"# 梁 海 · Liang Hai · लांग हाइ · [email protected] 11 September 2018, IUC #42 * Get the latest revision from ↗ lianghai.github.io/mongolian * Note The views expressed by the speaker in this talk are his own and are NOT meant to reflect those of the Unicode Consortium or the Unicode Technical Committee. Agenda I. A crash course on the script II. The Unicode Mongolian, an encoding model from hell III. What exactly are not working? IV. Tough lessons learned V. Ongoing efforts, and how to participate · Part I · A crash course on the script What is the Mongolian script? Writing systems and features. I. Crash course: Origin Aramaic Sogdian Old Uyghur Mongolian, initially “Uyghur Mongolian” …………………………… early 13th century ..………………………………………………………………………… I. Crash course: Writing systems & languages Mongolian/Hudum (Mongolian) ……….. early 13th ……….. late 16th . early 17th . mid-17th … mid-18th …… mid-20th .. Mongolian/Hudum Ali Gali (Sanskrit–Tibetan) Manchu (Manchu) Manchu Ali Gali (Sanskrit–Tibetan) Sibe (Sibe Manchu) Todo (Oirat–Kalmyk Mongolian & Sanskrit–Tibetan) I. Crash course: Writing systems & languages [cont.] moŋol ()*+), moŋol mnju !-.-/ s [→] Hudum, Manchu, Sibe, and Todo, in some typical styles: moŋgol hudum | … manju | … sibe | … todo ] . cont [ 0.1 BC:DE 9:;< 0.2 0F2 0;2 032 0G2 0=2 ende ada ata | 45.6 HIDJ >5;? ordo urtu urdu ordo urtu Writing systems & languages systems & Writing 4536 HIKJ >5=? 75.8 7IF8 @5;A Hudum, Manchu–Sibe, and Todo, normalized to the same style: normalized Todo, Hudum, Manchu–Sibe, and ] ↓ [ I. Crash course: ] . cont [ 0.1 BC:DE 9:;< 0.2 0F2 0;2 , normalized to the same style: , normalized 032 0G2 0=2 ende ada ata | Todo 45.6 HIDJ >5;? , and ordo urtu urdu ordo urtu Writing systems & languages systems & Writing 4536 HIKJ >5=? 75.8 7IF8 @5;A Manchu–Sibe Hudum, ] ↓ [ I. -
Middle East-I 9 Modern and Liturgical Scripts
The Unicode® Standard Version 13.0 – Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. © 2020 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at http://www.unicode.org/reporting.html. For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium; edited by the Unicode Consortium. — Version 13.0. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-936213-26-9 (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/) 1.