Chapter 14 The Crafts as Fine Art
• “Craft media”: ceramics, glass, fiver , metal, and wood – Employed to make functional art • Craft: work made primarily to be used • Art: work made primarily to be viewed Ornamental Ware
1. May 1 1759 Wedgewood start to make two kinds of pottery Staffordshire, England 1. Ornamental Ware (Artistic) 1. Elegant 2. Handmade 3. Work of highly skilled craftsmen 2. Useful Ware (Commercial) 1. New in appearance 2. Manufactured 3. Cheap 3. Useful Ware supported his business
2. Utilitarian Objects 1. Form Vs. Aesthetics 1. Craft vs. paintings
Title: Apotheosis of Homer Vase Source/Museum: Courtesy of the Wedgwood Museum, Barlaston, Staffordshire, England. Artist: Josiah Wedgwood Medium: Blue Jasper ware Date: 1786 Size: Height 18 in. Useful Ware
1. Made by casing liquid clay 2. Designs chosen from pattern books 3. Printed by Mechanical means 4. Made available to middle class in Europe and America
Title: Wedgwood Queen's Ware kitchen ware Source/Museum: Courtesy of the Wedgwood Museum, Barlaston, Staffordshire, England. Artist: n/a Medium: n/a Date: c.1850 Size: c.1850 Amphora
1. An amphora a two handled vase from the Greek culture 1. Both functional and Aesthetically pleasing 2. Used to House wine, oil or honey 3. “Euphronious never did anything like it”
Title: Apotheosis of Homer Vase Title: Revelers Artist: Josiah Wedgwood Artist: Euthymides Date: 1786 Date: c. 510-500 BCE Title: Copy of Portland Vase Source/Museum: Courtesy of the Wedgwood Museum, Barlaston, Staffordshire, England. Artist: Josiah Wedgwood Medium: Black Jasper ware Date: c. 1790 Size: Height 10 in. Ceramics: Slab Construction
1. Process of Making Ceramics 1. Slab construction 2. Coiling 3. Throwing 2. Glazing: Painting on the Ceramic Piece
1. Way of the Tea 1. Leaving the earthly world behind 1. Ease 2. Harmony 3. Mutual respect 2. Wood ash fusing with the glass on the pottery 3. 2500 degrees
Title: Tea Bowl Named Amagumo Source/Museum: Mitsui Bunko Museum, Tokyo Artist: Hon'ami Koetsu Medium: n/a
Date: Momoyama or early Edo period, early 17th century Size: 3 ½ x 4 9/10 in. Ceramic Construction: Coiling
1. Technique developed in 1919 2. Piece was constructed and smooth down to a shiny sheen of red clay 3. Slip: liquid clay used to paint the design on the pot 4. Partway through the firing the pot was smothered with dung 5. Smoke blackened the clay 6. The areas painted with the slip stayed matt and dull while the rest of the pot receives a high glossy sheen because of the smoke
Title: Jar Source/Museum: San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico. The National Museum of Women in the Arts. Gift of Wallace and Wilhelmina Holladay. Artist: Maria Montoya Martinez Medium: Blackware Date: c. 1939 Size: 11 1/8 x 13 in. Title: Pottery Wheel – Throwing Source/Museum: From Craft and Art of Clay. Courtesy of Lawrence King Publishing, Ltd. Artist: n/a Medium: n/a Date: n/a Size: n/a Title: Untitled Source/Museum: Collection of Deborah Scripps, San Francisco. Photo: Schopplein Studio, Berkeley, California. © Peter Voulkos. Artist: Peter Voulkos Medium: Monotype Date: 1988 Size: 50 x 35 in. Title: Pyramid of the Amphora Source/Museum: Collection of Bruce C. and Monica Reeves, Alameda, California. Photo: Schopplein Studio, Berkeley, California. © Peter Voulkos. Artist: Peter Voulkos Medium: Paper collage with pushpins Date: 1985 Size: 52 x 37 in. Accidental Work: “Controlled Accident”
1. Fired in a anagma 1. Traditional Japanese kiln 2. Pyramid image (Aztec) 1. Tension 2. Sacrifice 3. Primitive violence 4. Emotions 5.
Title: X-Neck Source/Museum:. Artist: Peter Voulkos Medium: Wood fired stoneware stack Date: 1990 Size: 34 ½ in x 21 diameter Ceramic Construction: Thrown
1. Reminiscent of vegetables or gourds 2. Impossible to have a function 1. Beak is to small to hold 2. Does not function
Title: Onion Feelie Artist: Rose Cabat Date: n.d. Ceramic Type:
1. Porcelain: fired at extremely high temperatures 1. Becomes translucent 2. Smooth and extremely glossy 3. Invented in China during the T’ang Dynasty (618-906CE)
1. Earthenware: made of porous clay and must be glazed to hold liquid, fired at a very low temp 2. Stoneware: fired at mid to high range temp. is impermeable to water and is commonly used for dinnerware today 3. Porcelain: fired at the highest temperature becoming smooth and tranlucent
Title: Plate, Ming Dynasty, Kraakporselein Source/Museum: Probably from the Ching-te Chen kilns. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Rogers Fund, 1916 (16.13). Photo © 1980 The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Artist: n/a Medium: Porcelain, painted in underglaze blu Date: Late 16th-early 17th century Size: Diameter 14 ¼ in. Contrast Between Function and Art
Title: Floral Vase and Shadow Source/Museum: Courtesy of the Frank Lloyd Gallery, Santa Monica, California. Artist: Betty Woodman Medium: Glazed ceramic Date: 1983 Size: n/a Elevating the Crafts to High Art
1. Pasadena: City of Roses 2. In the US Craft art was associated with women art
Title: Plaza Las Fuentes Source/Museum: Pasadena, California. Sculpture: Michael Lucero; Landscape architect: Lawrence Halprin. Photo by Tom Vinetz, courtesy the artist. Artist: Joyce Kozloff Medium: Glazed ceramic tiles Date: 1990 Size: n/a Women’s Work
Title: The Dinner Party Artist: Judy Chicago Date: 1979 1. Feminist Movement with the Art field 1. Judy viewed the art field of painting as a monopoly that embodied the views of men 2. Made by 300 female artist in about 5 years 3. 39 plate settings for all the women who made an important contribution to history 4. 999 Tiles of important women Glass and Function 1. Made over a ceramic mold 2. When heating the glass would melt and fuse together to make the mold 3. Glass made of silica and sand mixed with soda ash
Title: Mosaic glass bowl Source/Museum: Roman. Victoria and Albert Museum, London/Art Resource, New York. Artist: n/a Medium: Fused and slumped Date: 25 BCE-50 CE. Size: Height 4 ½ in. Glass and Aesthetics
http://www.chihuly.com/Video/SRbasvid_56.html
http://www.chihuly.com/Video/inhotshop_56.html
Title: Alabaster Basket Set with Oxblood Lips Wraps Source/Museum: Courtesy of Dale Chihuly. Photo: Claire Garoutte. Artist: Dale Chihuly Medium: Glass Date: 1991 Size: 18 x 27 x 21 in. Glass as Sculpture
Title: Rotunda Chandelier (Victoria and Albert Chandelier) Source/Museum: Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Photo: Terry Rishel. Artist: Dale Chihuly Medium: Glass Date: 1999 Size: 27 x 12 x 12 ft 1. Oil, ink, Tar, 2. Black: African Americans 3. Black Tears 1. Influence: Derogatory Cartoons of His time
Title: Drip Drop Plop Source/Museum: Photo: Metro Pictures, New York. Artist: Fred Wilson Medium: Glass Date: 2001 Size: Approximately 8 x 5 ft. Fiber: Weaving
1. All fiber art traces back its origins to weaving 2. Weaving 1. Interlacing vertical and horizontal threads 1. Vertical threads: warp 2. Horizontal threads: weft or woof
Title: The Hunt of the Unicorn, VII:The Unicorn in Captivity Source/Museum: Franco-Flemish. © Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, The Cloisters Collection, Gift of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 1937 (37.80.6). Photo © 1993 Metropolitan Museum of Art. Artist: n/a Medium: Silk and wool, silver and silver-gilt threads Date: 16th century Size: 12 ft. 1 in. x 8 ft. 3 in. Fiber: Embroidery
1. Embroidery 1. Design made by needle work 2. Rumals: used for wrapping gifts in Chamba India 1. Made of muslin 2. Used for exchange of gifts (groom and wife) 3. Used when making an offering at the temple
3. Floral border 4. Wedding rumal: might depict the actual wedding 5. The same design would be on the other side
Title: Embroidered rumal Source/Museum: Victoria and Albert Museum Picture Library. Artist: n/a Medium: Muslin and colored silks Size: n/a Date: Late 18th century Title: Nicholas Carroll Estate Inventory, MS 2634 Source/Museum: Manuscripts Division, Maryland Historical Society Library. Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, Maryland. Artist: n/a Medium: n/a Date: c. 1812 Size: n/a Title: Mining the Museum, Installation details Source/Museum: Photos: Jeff D. Goldman. © Contemporary Museum, Baltimore. Artist: Fred Wilson, artist/curator Medium: n/a Date: 1820-1960 Size: n/a Title: Mining the Museum, Installation details Source/Museum: Photos: Jeff D. Goldman. © Contemporary Museum, Baltimore. Artist: Fred Wilson, artist/curator Medium: Silver Vessels and Slave Shackles for Metalwork Date: 1820-1960 Size: n/a Patterned Design
Title: Wall Hanging Source/Museum: The Busch-Reisinger Museum, Harvard University Art Museums, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Association Fund. Photo: Michael Nedzweski. © President and Fellows of Harvard College, Harvard University. BR48.132. © 2003 the Josef and Anni Albers Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. Artist: Anni Albers Medium: Silk (two-ply weave) Date: 1926 Size: 72 x 48 in. Abstract Style of Gee’s Bend
1. Exhibition held at the MFAH 2. Work from women from Gee’s Bend, Alabama 3. 60 quilts from 42 women 4. Cultural Function viewed as Artwork
Title: Bars and String-Pieced Columns Source/Museum: The William Arnett Collection of the Tinwood Alliance. Artist: Jessie T. Pettway Medium: Cotton Date: 1950s Size: 95 x 76 in. Biography in Fiber
1. Mother died in 1981 1. Started to write her own autobiography 2. Represents the roof of the apartment building 1. They would sleep on the roof 2. Manifestation of the Childs Dream 3. Embodiment of the African-American experience
http://www.faithringgold.com/
Title: Tar Beach (Part I from the Woman on a Bridge series) Source/Museum: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York. Artist: Faith Ringgold Medium: Acrylic on canvas bordered with printed, painted, quilted, and pieced cloth Date: 1988 Size: 74 5/8 x 68 ½ in. Fiber and Personal Experience
1. East Texas oil fields 2. Died March 18, 1937 in New London 1. School had a natural gas leak 2. A spark from an sander ignited the blaze 3. 600 students and 40 teachers present 1. 130 escaped 2. 295 were killed
Title: Aunt Billie, from the triptych Uncle Clarence's Three Wives Artist: Marilyn Lanfear Date: 2007
Fibers and Assemblage
1. Afghans and crocheted dolls
Title: More Love Hours Than Can Ever Be Repaid Source/Museum: Whitney Museum of American Art, New York. Purchase, with funds from the Painting and Sculpture Committee, 89.13 a-e. Artist: Mike Kelley Medium: Stuffed fabric toys and afghans on canvas with dried corn Date: 1987 Size: 90 x 199 ¼ x 5 in. Fiber and Figurative Sculpture
1. Forms bent in prayer or pain 1. Repetition and rhythm 2. Spiritual emptiness: figures are hollow 3. Humans vs. nature 4. Clothing as Protective shield 1. Burlap 5. Fibers make up all living things 1. Plants, tissue, and the human body
Title: Backs in Landscape Source/Museum: Marlborough Gallery, New York. Photo © 1982 Dirk Bakker, Detroit Michigan. Artist: Magdalena Abakanowicz Medium: Eighty sculptures of burlap and resin molded with plaster casts Date: 1978-1981 Size: over-lifesize Title: Victorian Couple Source/Museum: Collection of Susan and Lewis Manilow, Chicago. Artist: Yinka Shonibare Medium: Wax printed cotton textile Date: 1999 Size: Approx. 60 x 36 x 36 in.; approx. 60 x 24 x 24 in. Metal
1. Made of gold: very soft an pliable 2. Repousse: design realized by hammering the image from the reverse side 3. Embossing: design realized by hammering the reverse of the repousse 4. Association with the ka and the permanence of gold
Title: Tutankhamen Hunting Ostriches from his Chariot Artist: n/a Date: c. 1335-1327 BCE. Metal: Gold Jewelry
1. Griffin guardian of the Indian Gold 2. Originally inlaid with gems 3. Great amount of detail 4. Might have been a commission for Royalty 5. Was stolen by bandits to be melted, later rescued and donated to the museum
Title: Griffin bracelet Source/Museum: From the Oxus treasure, British Museum, London. The Bridgeman Art Library. Artist: n/a Medium: Gold and stones Date: c. 500-400 BCE Size: Diameter 5 in. 1. Salt and Pepper Shaker 2. Neptune: God of the Sea (male figure) 3. Goddess of the Earth: Female Figure 4. Four seasons and daily schedule for meals
Title: Saliera (saltcellar), Neptune (sea), and Tellus (earth) Source/Museum: Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York. Artist: Benvenuto Cellini Medium: Gold, niello work, and ebony base Date: 1540-1543 Size: Height 10 ¼ in. 1. Silver with plated gold in a process called vermeil
Title: Inner Circle Teapot Source/Museum: Photo courtesy the artist. Artist: Susan Ewing Medium: 925 silver, 24K vermeil Date: 1991 Size: 9 ¾ x 10 ¼ x 8 ¼ in. High end Aestheticism with Juvenile Functionality
Title: S.P.I.T. (Saliva and Paper Instigating Trauma) Artist: Nathan Dube Date: 2005 Wood: Heritage Vessel
Title: Bent-Corner Chest (Kook), Heiltsuk tribe Source/Museum: The Seattle Art Museum. Gift of John H. Hauberg and John and Grace Putnam. Photo: Paul Macapia. Artist:n/a Medium: Yellow and red cedar, and paint Date: c. 1860 Size: 21 ¼ x 35 ¾ x 20 ½ in. Wood: Furniture
Title: Oak Armchair for the Casa Calvet Source/Museum: Museo Gaudi, Barcelona, Spain. The Bridgeman Art Library. Artist: Antoni Gaudí Medium: n/a Date: 1904 Size: n/a
Title: Ladder for Booker T. Washington Source/Museum: Installation view at the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, Texas. Collection of the artist. Photo: David Woo. © David Woo. Artist: Martin Puryear Medium: Ash Date: 1996 Size: 438 x 22 ¾ (narrowing to 1 ¼ in at top) Title: a round' Source/Museum: Courtesy Sean Kelly Gallery, New York. Photo: Cheryl O'Brien. Artist: Ann Hamilton Medium: Wrestling dummies, canvas floor, circular hand knitting Date: May 7-September 12, 1993 Size: n/a