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Masterarbeit / Master's Thesis MASTERARBEIT / MASTER’S THESIS Titel der Masterarbeit / Title of the Master‘s Thesis Die Rechtsabrechnung in Dänemark 1945 - eine kritische Analyse verfasst von / submitted by Anna Maria Ploch, BA BA angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (MA) Wien/ Vienna, 2016 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 066 868 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Masterstudium Skandinavistik degree programme as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Emer. o. Univ. Prof. Dr. Sven Hakon Rossel Danksagung An dieser Stelle möchte ich mich bei all jenen bedanken, die mich beim Schreiben meiner Masterarbeit fachlich und emotional unterstützt haben. Mein Dank gilt insbesondere Professor Sven Hakon Rossel, der mich während seines Semi- nars über Zwischenkriegsliteratur in Skandinavien auf das Thema aufmerksam gemacht hat und mich während des Schreibens dieser Arbeit fachkompetent betreut und beraten hat. Auch bedanke ich mich bei meiner Oma Herta Teuscher, die die einzelnen Kapitel dieser Ar- beit während des Schreibprozesses mit großem Interesse gelesen hat und mir somit eine zu- sätzliche Motivationsquelle geworden ist. Ebenso danke ich meiner Mutter Regina Teuscher, die immer im richtigen Moment sagt wie stolz sie auf mich ist. Der gleiche Dank geht an Lynn Feltgen, die viele Stunden mit mir schreibend und schweigend verbracht hat und dadurch alles leichter gemacht hat. Danke an Verena Klauser für das Einscannen zahlreicher Bücher und für eine Matratze in Kopenhagen. Tak til Bodil Koch fra Det Kongelige Bibliotek i København, for at hjælpe mig med Mikrofilmene 1 Inhaltsverzeichnis Danksagung ................................................................................................................................ 1 1. Einleitung ............................................................................................................................... 4 2. Die dänische Politik während der Besatzungszeit .................................................................. 6 2.1 Kampflose Übergabe ......................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Regierungsumbildung 1940 .............................................................................................. 8 2.3 Telegrammkrise und ihre Folgen ...................................................................................... 9 2.4 Die offizielle Haltung zum Kriegsdienst ......................................................................... 11 3. Das rückwirkende Gesetz ..................................................................................................... 13 3.1 Der Freiheitsrat und die Regierung ................................................................................. 13 3.2 Todesstrafe ...................................................................................................................... 14 4. Zusammenfassung I .............................................................................................................. 16 5. Die Reaktion der dänischen Presse ...................................................................................... 17 5.1 Mai und Juni 1945 ........................................................................................................... 17 5.2 Die erste Hinrichtung ...................................................................................................... 23 5.2.1 Straffreiheit vor dem 29. August ............................................................................... 23 5.2.2 Begnadigung von Grete Bartram ............................................................................... 25 6. Die Rechtsabrechnung bei Scavenius .................................................................................. 26 6.1 Erik Scavenius‘ Verhältnis zu Deutschland .................................................................... 26 6.2 Scavenius‘ Antrittsrede 1940 .......................................................................................... 31 6.3 Der Antikominternpakt ................................................................................................... 33 6.4 Frikorps Danmark ........................................................................................................... 35 6.5 Regierungsumbildung 1942 ............................................................................................ 37 6.6 Der Augustaufstand 1943 ................................................................................................ 40 6.7 Zusammenfassung II ....................................................................................................... 42 7. Welche Befreiung? ............................................................................................................... 44 7.1 Die Familie Bryld ............................................................................................................ 44 7.2 Die Angst vor der Widerstandsbewegung ....................................................................... 45 7.3 Das neue Nationalbewusstsein und Verwandschaftsbuße............................................... 46 7.4 Freilassung und Emigrationspläne .................................................................................. 49 7.5 Zusammenfassung III ...................................................................................................... 50 8. Flemming Helweg-Larsen .................................................................................................... 52 8.1 Grund für die Veröffentlichung ....................................................................................... 52 8.2 Die Person Flemming Helweg-Larsen ............................................................................ 54 8.3 Flemming Helweg-Larsens psychiatrisches Gutachten .................................................. 55 8.4 Flemming Helweg-Larsens Erklärungsrede .................................................................... 57 8.5 Die erste Hinrichtung ...................................................................................................... 59 2 8.6 Helweg-Larsens Aufzeichnungen ................................................................................... 61 8.6.1 Kriegsbeschreibungen ............................................................................................... 61 8.6.2 Haltung zum Nationalsozialismus ............................................................................. 63 8.6.4 Verbrechen während des Kriegsdienstes ................................................................... 66 8.6.5 Über Befreiung und Freiheitskämpfer ....................................................................... 67 8.7 Zusammenfassung ........................................................................................................... 68 9. Die Rechtsabrechnung im Wandel der Zeit ......................................................................... 69 9.1 Die Darstellung der dänischen Freiwilligen bei Vilhelm la Cour ................................... 70 9.2 Die Rechtsabrechnung von den 1950er bis 1980er Jahren ............................................. 74 9.3 Von ‚resistance narrative‘ zu ‚official narrative‘ ............................................................ 79 9.4 Der Bruch mit der offiziellen Interpretation ................................................................... 82 9.5 Historiker aus vier Generationen ..................................................................................... 84 10. Schlusskapitel ..................................................................................................................... 86 11. Quellenverzeichnis ............................................................................................................. 90 12. Anhang ............................................................................................................................... 96 12.1 Abstract ......................................................................................................................... 96 12.2 Resumé på dansk ........................................................................................................... 97 3 1. Einleitung Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die sogenannte Rechtsabrechnung, welche in Dänemark ab 1945 nach der Befreiung von der deutschen Besetzung des Landes stattfand und zum Ziel hatte gerechte Strafen für dänische Staatsbürger zu finden, die während dem Zweiten Welt- krieg mit der Okkupationsmacht Deutschland zusammengearbeitet hatten. In dieser Arbeit sollen die verschiedenen Versuche der Aufarbeitung dieses Themas dargestellt und miteinan- der verglichen werden. Es soll untersucht werden, inwiefern sich die Aufarbeitung des The- mas im Laufe der Zeit verändert hat und welche Blickpunkte in welcher Periode am Stärksten zum Ausdruck kamen. Hierbei werden Sachbücher und Artikel aus verschiedenen Jahrzehnten von verschiedenen Historikern untersucht und, wenn sinnvoll, miteinander verglichen. Das älteste Vergleichsmaterial bilden Zeitungsartikel aus dem Jahr 1945. Die jüngste verwendete Sachliteratur ist aus dem Jahr 2015. Ein einleitendes Kapitel soll die dänische Politik während der Besatzungszeit 1940-1945 er- läutern, sodass die darauffolgende Rechtsabrechnung in einen verständlichen Kontext ge- bracht wird. Ebenso erläutern die einleitenden Kapitel das
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