DOCSLIB.ORG

PDF of Ethnonationalism

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PDF of Ethnonationalism , . ~ , 14 1 .... r .. ", . """'w..- • 'lit • • • ~ , - . ' . '" PO LIT ICAL SCIENCE hHNONATIONAliSM The Ouest for Understanding Walker Connor Walker Connor, perhaps the leading student of the origins and dyna mics of ethnonationalism, argues that schola rs and policy makers have al­ most invariably underrated the influence of eth nonationalism and mis­ interpreted its passionate and nonrational qualities. Several of these essays, which have appeared over the course of the last th ree decades, have become classics: together th ey represent a rigorous and stim­ ulating attempt to establish a secu re methodological foundation for the study of this complicated and consequential phenomenon. " M ore than anyone el se, Walker Connor invented th e term 'ethnonationalism .' Nationalism cut s across trad itional disciplines, and Connor's influence has been profound not only in political science, but also among sociologists, anthropologists, historians, area specialists, and al l students of ethnicity and nationa lism. His predictions, dating from the 1960s, that 'national consciousne ss is quite definitely in the ascen­ da ncy' and that nationalism would outlive socialism in the Marxist­ leninist stat es, have been totally vindicated by events in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, and much of the rest of the world." -John Stone, European University In stitute/George Mason Universiry Th is book will be useful to anyone, from any fi eld, interested in ethnonationalism. Many of the articles were prescient at the ti methey were published. They have not lost their bite or thei r relevance. w -Donald l. Horowitz, Duke Universily "It is excellent to have in one volume these seminal, provocative essays and articles of Walker Connor. His exciting and path brea king contri­ bution has influenced and stimulated thinking about elhnicity and nationalism among a wide ran ge of scholars from a variety of diSCip lines including history, political science, sociology and international re­ lations. " - Anthony O. Smith, London School of Economics Walker Connor is the John R. Reitemeyer Professor of Political Science at Trinity College in Hartford, Con necticut. Among his work s is The National Question in Marxist-Leninist Theory and Strategy (P rinceton). PRlmlDN PAPfR8ACKS ISBN 0-69 1-02563- 0 9 782169 I 2125636 Ethnonationalism THE QUEST FOR UNDERSTANDING Walker Connor PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY ( \ This book is dedicated to -in order of appearance- Copyright © 1994 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, PETER, JOAN, AND DANIEL Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, Chichester, West Sussex Remember the sequoias . .. All Rights Reserved Connor, Walker, 1926- Ethnonationalism : the quest for understanding / Walker Connor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-691-08784-9 (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN0--691-02563--0 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Nationalism. 2. Ethnic relations-Political aspects. 3. Ethnicity-Political aspects. 4. Ethnic groups­ Political activity. 5. National characteristics-Political aspects. 6. World politics I. Title. ]C311.C644 1994 323 . 1'1~c20 93-17829 This book has been composed in Adobe Palatino Princeton University Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources Printed in the United States of America 5 7 9 10 8 6 CONTENTS List of Figures and Tables ix Introduction xi PART ONE: Ethnonationalism and Scholars CHAPTER ONE The British Intellectual Tradition ("Self-Determination: The New Phase") 3 CHAPTER Two American Scholarship in the Post-World War II Era ("Nation-Building or Nation-Destroying?") 28 CHAPTER THREE More Recent Developments ("Ethnonationalism") 67 PART Two: A Closer Look at Some of the Key Barriers to Understanding CHAPTER FOUR Terminological Chaos ("A Nation Is a Nation, Is a State, Is an Ethnic Group, Is a ...") 89 CHAPTER FIVE Illusions of Homogeneity ("Myths of Hemispheric, Continental, Regional, and State Unity") 118 CHAPTER SIX The Seductive Lure of Economic Explanations ("Eco- or Ethno-Nationalism ?") 144 CHAPTER SEVEN Ahistoricalness: The Case of Western Europe ("Ethnonational- ism in the First World: The Present in Historical Perspective") 165 PART THREE: Scholars and the Mythic World of National Identity CHAPTER EIGHT N Man Is a Rational Animal ("Beyond Reason: The Nature of the Ethnonational Bond") 195 viii CONTENTS CHAPTER NINE LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES When Is a Nation? ("From Tribe to Nation?") 210 Index 227 FIGURES 1. Class consciousness reinforces ethnonational consciousness 157 2. Class consciousness rivals ethnonational consciousness 157 TABLES 1. Comparability Categories 77 2. Comparison of Median Family Incomes 150 3. Self-perceived Class 159 INTRODUCTION A LIKELY first response to the title of this book, Ethnonationalism, is "What is it and how does it differ from just plain nationalism?" The answer is that there is no difference if nationalism is used in its pristine sense. Unfortunately, this is rarely the case. As will be discussed in chapter 2 and more fully in chapter 4, slipshod use of the key terms, nation and nationalism, is more the rule than the exception, even in works purportedly dealing with nationalism. As used throughout this book, nation connotes a group of people who believe they are an­ cestrally related. Nationalism connotes identification with and loyalty to one's nation as just defined. It does not refer to loyalty to one's coun­ try. Admittedly then, ethnonationalism has an inner redundancy, and it is used solely to avoid any misunderstanding concerning our focus. Throughout this work, nationalism and ethnonationalism are treated as synonyms. The body of this book consists of nine essays whose publication dates span a quarter-century. The interest of Princeton University Press in publishing such a collection was first raised by Sanford Thatcher nearly twenty years ago. Although excited by the prospect, I allowed myself to be sidetracked by a series of other projects. My interest in publishing a collection on nationalism persisted, however, and several articles that I produced during the 1970s and 1980s were written with an eye to their inclusion. As a result, when Gail Ullman of Princeton University Press raised anew the question of whether I would be interested in publishing a series of my articles on nationalism, I had several more from which to select. Gail Ullman suggested I select articles that "would focus primarily on the theoretical issues involved in studying nationalism." Consonant with this advice, it is the study of nationalism, and not the politics of nationalism, which forms the interconnecting theme of the various chapters. This is not to say that the political consequences of ethnona­ tionalism are ignored. Indeed, contrasting the literature on political de­ velopment with actual political developments is a major element of the critique of scholarship in Part 1 of this book. Nevertheless, had the title of this book been The Politics of Ethnonationalism, a completely different selection of writings would have been made. All of the articles are reproduced essentially as they first appeared. The political map underwent numerous significant changes since the xii INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION XIll earliest piece was published in 1967, of course. The number of inde­ least exaggerated. Because of this encounter with the Hayes of the pendent states grew by nearly 50 percent, from approximately 120 to 1920s, my own subsequent work has reflected a strong respect for the 180. Overseas colonial empires continued to dissolve. The overland, influence that ethnonationalism exerts on human perceptions and be­ multinational empire, which had been formed by the Russian czars and havior. It is my hope that a few of my earlier pieces, read from the ruled over by Marxist-Leninists during its last seven decades, decom­ vantage point of the 1990s, may help to generate among others a simi­ posed into fifteen separate "republics." Two states that had been cre­ lar respect for the power and influence of the ethnonational factor. ated at the end of World War I under the banner of self-determination The schema of this work is as follows: Part 1 reviews how various of nations, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, also sundered along eth­ scholars have perceived ethnonationalism and its political conse­ nonational lines. The Bengalis of Eastern Pakistan seceded to create quences. It begins (chapter 1) with a multigenerational debate among their own state. Cyprus underwent a de facto division into Greek and some of Britain's most esteemed nineteenth- and early twentieth-cen­ Turkish components. The two Germanies were reunited as were the tury scholars concerning the viability and desirability of the multina­ two Vietnams. Ethnonationally inspired struggles continued to prolif­ tional state; and it measures the accuracy of their conclusions against erate. But on balance, all these developments appear to support rather the yardstick of actual political developments. Chapter 2 notes that than challenge the general analytical framework presented in the fol­ the school of thought called "nation-building," which dominated the lowing chapters. In those relatively few instances where it was believed literature on political development in the post-World War II United necessary to update the material, asterisks, highlights, and brackets
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lexikon Politik Улс Төрийн Тайлбар Толь
    Lexikon Politik Улс төрийн тайлбар толь Lexikon Politik Улс төрийн тайлбар толь Энэхүү тайлбар толийг Монсудар хэвлэлийн газрын санаачлагаар Монгол дахь Конрад-Аденауэр-Сангийн дэмжлэгтэйгээр орчуулан хүргэв. ДАА ННА У Lexikon Politik Улс төрийн тайлбар толь Төслийн зохицуулагч Б.Оюундарь Орчуулагч Б.Ганхөлөг, Б.Энхтөгс, Б.Эрдэнэчимэг, Д.Үүрцайх, О.Цэрэнчимэд, У.Отгонбаяр, О.Ариунаа, Ц.Уянга, М.Сэргэлэн (Монгол-Германы гүүр төрийн бус байгууллагын баг) Орчуулгын редактор О.Цэрэнчимэд (Удирдлагын академийн Бодлого, Улс төр судлалын тэнхимийн эрхлэгч, дэд профессор) Д.Үүрцайх (ХБНГУ-ын Бонн хотын их сургууль, хууль зүйн ухааны магистр) Ц.Уянга (ХБНГУ-ын Льюдвиг Максимиллианы Их Сургуулийн Улс төрийн шинжлэх ухааны магистр, Австралийн Мельбурний Их Сургуулийн хөдөлмөрийн эрх зүйн магистр) Редакторууд Б.Батбаатар, Д.Очирмаа Монгол орчуулгын эрх © 2019 Монсудар хэвлэлийн газар RECLAMS UNIVERSAL-BIBILIOTHEK Nr. 18714 2009 Philipp Reclam jun. GmbH & Co. KG, Siemensstraße 32, 71254 Ditzingen. Тус бүтээлийн орчуулгыг Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Mongolei ивээн тэтгэсэн болно. ISBN Бүх эрх хуулиар хамгаалагдсан болно.Энэхүү номын эхийг хэвлэлийн газрын зөвшөөрөлгүйгээр хэсэгчлэн болон бүтнээр нь дахин хэвлэх,хайлтын системд байршуулах, цахим,механик,фото хуулбар зэрэг ямар ч хэлбэрээр хувилж олшруулах,түгээн тараахыг хатуу хориглоно. Агуулга Удиртгал . 9 Abgeordnete – Парламентын гишүүн . 17 Außenpolitik – Гадаад бодлого . 20 Autoritäres Regime – Авторитар дэглэм . .24 Bürgertugenden – Иргэний ухамсарт үйл . 28 Deliberative Demokratie – Зөвлөлдөх ардчилал . 33 Demokratie – Ардчилал . 37 Demokratisierung/ Demokratisierungswellen – Ардчиллын давлагаа . 43 Diktatur – Диктатур . 48 Diskurs – Дискурс . 51 Elektronische Demokratie – Цахим ардчилал . .55 Eliten – Элитүүд . .59 Europäische Union – Европын Холбоо . 64 Extremismus – Экстремизм . 69 Faschismus – Фашизм . 72 Feminismus – Феминизм . 76 Föderalismus – Федерализм . .80 Freiheit – Эрх чөлөө . 84 Gemeinwohl – Нийтийн сайн сайхан . .89 Gerechtigkeit – Шударга ёс .
    [Show full text]
  • Blood Ties: Religion, Violence, and the Politics of Nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878
    BLOOD TIES BLOOD TIES Religion, Violence, and the Politics of Nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878–1908 I˙pek Yosmaog˘lu Cornell University Press Ithaca & London Copyright © 2014 by Cornell University All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. First published 2014 by Cornell University Press First printing, Cornell Paperbacks, 2014 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Yosmaog˘lu, I˙pek, author. Blood ties : religion, violence,. and the politics of nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878–1908 / Ipek K. Yosmaog˘lu. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8014-5226-0 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-8014-7924-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Macedonia—History—1878–1912. 2. Nationalism—Macedonia—History. 3. Macedonian question. 4. Macedonia—Ethnic relations. 5. Ethnic conflict— Macedonia—History. 6. Political violence—Macedonia—History. I. Title. DR2215.Y67 2013 949.76′01—dc23 2013021661 Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu. Cloth printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Paperback printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Josh Contents Acknowledgments ix Note on Transliteration xiii Introduction 1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Race Upon Legislators' Policy Preferences and Bill
    THE IMPACT OF RACE UPON LEGISLATORS’ POLICY PREFERENCES AND BILL SPONSORSHIP PATTERNS: THE CASE OF OHIO DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Linda M. Trautman, M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor William E. Nelson, Jr., Adviser Professor Tom Nelson ________________________ Adviser Professor Herbert Weisberg Political Science Graduate Program Copyright Linda M. Trautman 2007 ABSTRACT The principal purpose of this research is to explain and to analyze the policy preferences of Black and White state legislators in the Ohio General Assembly. In particular, the study seeks to understand whether or not Black state legislators advocate a distinctive policy agenda through an analysis of their policy preferences and bill sponsorship patterns. Essentially, one of the central objectives of the study is to determine the extent to which legislators’ perceptions of their policy preferences actually correspond with their legislative behavior (i.e., bill sponsorship patterns). In addition to understanding the impact of race upon legislative preferences, I also analyze additional factors (e.g., institutional features, district characteristics, etc.) which potentially influence legislators’ policy preferences and legislative behavior. The data for this inquiry derive from personal interviews with members of the Ohio legislature conducted in the early to late 1990’s and legislative bills introduced in the 1998-1999 session. The analyses of these data suggest that Black state legislators exhibit distinctive agenda setting behavior measured in terms of their policy priorities and bill sponsorship patterns in comparison to White state legislators.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Representation of Blacks in Congress: Does Race Matter? Author(S): Katherine Tate Source: Legislative Studies Quarterly, Vol
    The Political Representation of Blacks in Congress: Does Race Matter? Author(s): Katherine Tate Source: Legislative Studies Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Nov., 2001), pp. 623-638 Published by: Comparative Legislative Research Center Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/440272 Accessed: 12/11/2009 19:50 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=clrc. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Comparative Legislative Research Center is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Legislative Studies Quarterly. http://www.jstor.org KATHERINETATE Universityof California-Irvine The PoliticalRepresentation of Blacks in Congress: Does Race Matter? Congressional scholars generally take the position that members of Congress don't have to descriptively mirrortheir constituents in order to be responsive.
    [Show full text]
  • Patrick Burlingame: Ethnic Hungarian Minorities: Past, Present, and Future
    Ethnic Hungarian Minorities: Past, Present, and Future Patrick Burlingame .................................................................................... At-Large University of Szeged [email protected] H-6725 Szeged Tisza Lajos krt. 103 Adviser: Dr. György Szo˝nyi .................................................................................... 1. Introduction O¤Today, there are roughly 5 million O¤This presentation seeks to answer ethnic Hungarians living outside the what the future holds for ethnic national borders of Hungary Hungarian minorities in neighbor- ing countries given their past and O¤Most of these Hungarians live in current realities neighboring countries of the Danube Basin. In particular: Roma- nia (Transylvania/Erdély), Slovakia, 2. The Treaty of Trianon and Serbia (Voivodina/Vajdaság) O¤In 1920, the victorious allies of O¤In many cases, portions of these WWI drafted and imposed the countries are predominately Hun- Treaty of Trianon to punish Hun- garian and have substantial histori- gary and Axis powers for their par- cal and cultural importance for all ticipation in the war Hungarians O¤France, Italy, the United States, and O¤Unfortunately in a region known for the United Kingdom were the prin- its nationalism and recent conflicts, ciple allied powers present at the Hungarian minorities have suffered Treaty. Also present were states that from discrimination and ethnic con- stood to gain including Romania, flict and the newly formed Serb-Croat- Slovene and Czechoslovakian states 49 Student Conference 2003 O¤The victors of WWI , in particular the from the Carpathian Basin, Transylvania French were eager to weaken the former became part of the Austrian empire in Austro-Hungarian Empire and wanted 1711 and by the mid 19th century a key to reward various nations that had part of the Austro-Hungarian empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Jews, Poles, and Slovaks: a Story of Encounters, 1944-48
    JEWS, POLES, AND SLOVAKS: A STORY OF ENCOUNTERS, 1944-48 by Anna Cichopek-Gajraj A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2008 Doctoral Committee: Professor Todd M. Endelman, Co-Chair Associate Professor Brian A. Porter-Sz űcs, Co-Chair Professor Zvi Y. Gitelman Professor Piotr J. Wróbel, University of Toronto This dissertation is dedicated to my parents and Ari ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am greatly appreciative of the help and encouragement I have received during the last seven years at the University of Michigan. I have been fortunate to learn from the best scholars in the field. Particular gratitude goes to my supervisors Todd M. Endelman and Brian A. Porter-Sz űcs without whom this dissertation could not have been written. I am also thankful to my advisor Zvi Y. Gitelman who encouraged me to apply to the University of Michigan graduate program in the first place and who supported me in my scholarly endeavors ever since. I am also grateful to Piotr J. Wróbel from the University of Toronto for his invaluable revisions and suggestions. Special thanks go to the Department of History, the Frankel Center for Judaic Studies, and the Center of Russian and East European Studies at the University of Michigan. Without their financial support, I would not have been able to complete the program. I also want to thank the Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture in New York, the Ronald and Eileen Weiser Foundation in Ann Arbor, the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research in New York, and the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington DC for their grants.
    [Show full text]
  • BOOK REVIEWS Az Első 300 Év Magyarországon És Európában: A
    Hungarian Historical Review 6, no. 4 (2017): 891–938 BOOK REVIEWS Az első 300 év Magyarországon és Európában: A Domonkos-rend a középkorban [The first 300 years in Hungary and Europe: The Dominican Order in the Middle Ages]. Edited by József Csurgai Horváth. Székesfehérvár: Alba Civitas Történeti Alapítvány, 2017. 335. pp. In 2016, the Dominican Order celebrated the 800th anniversary of its papal confirmation. For this occasion, two scholarly conferences were held in Hungary, one of which dealt with the medieval history of the Order. The 16 papers which were held at the conference have been published in a collection edited by József Csurgai Horváth, the director of the Municipal Archives of Székesfehérvár. Since the papers are very different in geographical range (which spanned from Italy to Central Asia), time (from the beginnings to the middle of the sixteenth century), and topic, I review them according to theme. The study by Balázs Kertész, entitled “The Settlement of the Mendicant Orders in the ‘Middle of the Country’,” presents the appearance of the four mendicant orders (Franciscans, Dominicans, Augustinian Hermits, and Carmelites) in the central part of Hungary in the thirteenth century. Kertész examines the early history of 22 cloisters and notes the important role of the towns in this region. The following six papers deal with hagiography (half of them focus on Saint Margaret of Hungary). Thus, they reveal the most important tendencies of the Hungarian historiography on the Dominicans. In her article “Saint Margaret of Hungary and the Medieval Lay Piety,” Viktória Hedvig Deák analyses the connection between Margaret and the medieval lay piety by examining prayers.
    [Show full text]
  • Carpathian Ruthenia As an Imagined Colonial Space
    THE CZECHOSLOVAK ORIENT: CARPATHIAN RUTHENIA AS AN IMAGINED COLONIAL SPACE BY GEOFFREY BROWN A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Victoria University of Wellington 2016 Figure 0.1 – “Let’s Get To Know the People and Beauty of Subcarpathian Ruthenia!” Czech Tourist Guidebook Cover (1937) “Poznejte lid a krásy Podkarpatské Rusi!” (Uzhhorod: Národohospodářský sbor pro zemi Podkarpatoruskou, 1937). ii Abstract In 1919 the territory of Subcarpathian Ruthenia joined the new state of Czechoslovakia under the terms set by the Treaty of Saint Germain. During the following twenty years a relationship developed between Czechs and Ruthenia’s Rusyn inhabitants which this study considers as an example of imperialism and colonialism. The Czech media applied a colonial framework in its portrayals of Ruthenia, encouraging the Czech public to see the poor and undeveloped territory as a colony ruled from Prague. Rusyns also used colonial terminology as a means of criticizing the Czech officials who ruled them. The colonial discourse occurred despite a shared Slavic ethnic background and even as representatives of both nations expressed brotherhood and solidarity towards one another. Some Czech officials sent to Ruthenia adopted imperialist attitudes and practices in an environment of minimal bureaucratic oversight, leading to friction with the Rusyn intelligentsia. Faced with the threat of Czechization, Rusyns struggled to achieve autonomy and an anti-imperialist movement supporting Rusyn rights developed among Czech Communists. The Prague government sought to defend its actions in Ruthenia against accusations of mistreatment by the Hungarian revisionist movement.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnic Development in Košice After 1945
    STUDIA HISTORYCZNE469 R. LVI 2013, Z. 4 (224) PL ISSN 0025-1429 Štefan Šutaj ETHNIC DEVELOPMENT IN KOŠICE AFTER 1945 Abstract This article deals with ethnic development in Košice in the period immediately following the Second World War and the factors that most significantly influenced this development. These primarily consisted of the eviction of Hungarian citizens, who had come to the area after the First Vienna Arbitration Award; the exchange of inhabitants between Czechoslovakia and Hungary; and the state-organised change of ethnic identity known as re-Slovakisation.1 Key Words: Košice, re-Slovakisation, population exchange, ethnic changes after the Second World War. Słowa kluczowe: Koszyce, wtórna ‘słowakizacja’, wymiana ludności, zmiany etniczne po II woj- nie światowej. For Košice, liberation by the Soviet Army meant not only liberation from the Nazi regime, but also the return to Czechoslovakia from Hungary, to which the city belonged since the Vienna Arbitration Award of 2 November 1938. The ethnic character of Košice was a matter of numerous disputes. For a long- time, Košice was a multi-ethnic city, with Germans, Slovaks and Hungarians playing significant roles. In the 20th century, in accordance with the prevailing tendency of establishing national states, ethnicity was of key importance. The in- habitants of Košice, being largely bilingual, adapted to this when declaring their ethnic affiliation, reflecting the relevant changes of borders and the affiliation of the city to different states.2 In spite of the fact that the majority of population claimed they were “Slovak” at the end of the 19th century, in 1910 Hungarians comprised 75.43% of the inhab- 1 This paper was created within the project VEGA 1/0101/12: Historical Places in Košice (Historical Breakthroughs and Institutions), Miesta pamäti Košíc I.
    [Show full text]
  • Commonwealth: Commonwealth
    COMMONWEALTH: COMMONWEALTH: A JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE • VOL. 15, NO. 2, SEPTEMBER 2009 COMMONWEALTH a journal of political science Published JOINTLY by THE PENNSYLVANIA POLI T ICAL SCIENCE The Pennsylvania Political ASSOCIA T ION Science Association (PPSA) AND was founded in 1939 to THE LEGISLA T IVE OFFICE further scholarship FOR RESEARCH LIAISON within the discipline. PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE OF The Legislative Office for RE P RESEN T A T IVES Research Liaison (LORL) was founded in 1976 by the Pennsylvania House of Representatives to provide research linkage to the VOL. 15, nO. 2, SEPTEMBER 2009 academic community. COMMONWEALTH: A Journal of Political Science EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Gerard J. Fitzpatrick, Ursinus College ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Thomas J. Baldino, Wilkes University Donald G. Tannenbaum, Gettysburg College Michael R. King, Legislative Office for Research Liaison, Pennsylvania House of Representatives BOOK REVIEW EDITOR: Thomas J. Baldino, Wilkes University MANAGING EDITOR: Michael E. Cassidy, Office of the Democratic Caucus Chair, Pennsylvania House of Representatives EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD Aryeh Botwinick Michael J. Malbin Temple University State University of NY, Albany M. Margaret Conway Harvey C. Mansfield, Jr. University of Florida Harvard University Roger H. Davidson Kenneth F. Mott University of Maryland Gettysburg College Jean B. Elshtain Craig N. Murphy University of Chicago Wellesley College Richard F. Fenno Steven A. Peterson University of Rochester The Pennsylvania State University Marianne Githens Mark P. Petracca Goucher
    [Show full text]
  • Representational Style: the Central Role of Communication in Representation
    Representational Style: The Central Role of Communication in Representation A dissertation presented by Justin Ryan Grimmer to The Department of Government in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Political Science Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2010 c 2010 − Justin Ryan Grimmer All rights reserved. Advisor: Professor Gary King Justin Ryan Grimmer Representational Style: The Central Role of Communication in Representation Abstract Quantitative studies define representation through roll call votes, but roll call votes alone are insufficient to describe a legislator’s representational style: how legislators re- spond, anticipate, and shape their constituents’ preferences. Representational style is com- posed of three elements: how legislators invest their time and resources in Washington, their Washington styles; the way they connect to their constituents in their district, their home styles; and how they vote on legislation, their voting. In this book, I use new compre- hensive, systematic, and verifiable measures of home style to demonstrate its central role in representational style. Home styles are important on their own as the primary way legis- lators define the representation provided to constituents. Legislators define diverse, stable, and nonpartisan home styles that reflect senators’ multiple motivations in the institution. Home styles are also important because they are much more than cheap talk. I demonstrate that home styles are systematically related to what legislators do in Washington and how senators vote on controversial legislation, therefore providing a credible indicator of legis- lators’ representational styles. Legislators also value opportunities to maintain their home styles, which bureaucrats exploit to cultivate support for their agencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Paulovicova Nina Spring 2012
    University of Alberta Rescue of Jews in the Slovak State (1939 – 1945) by Nina Paulovicova A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Department of History and Classics ©Nina Paulovicova Spring 2012 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Abstract This dissertation targets the topic of rescue of Jews in the Holocaust in World War II. It offers a thorough examination of the defiance mechanics of rescue and looks at how precisely rescuers undermine the pillars of totalitarian regimes. The locus for the empirical part is the Slovak State, a puppet state of Nazi Germany. This dissertation scrutinizes the mindset behind efforts to assist Jews, the obstacles on paths to rescue as well as strategies applied in order to overcome legal and societal persecution of Jews. This project builds on the premise that agencies of any individual fluctuate, merge and change accordingly with the developments of the war.
    [Show full text]