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COMMONWEALTH: COMMONWEALTH: A JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE • VOL. 15, NO. 2, SEPTEMBER 2009 COMMONWEALTH a journal of political science Published JOINTLY by THE PENNSYLVANIA POLI T ICAL SCIENCE The Pennsylvania Political ASSOCIA T ION Science Association (PPSA) AND was founded in 1939 to THE LEGISLA T IVE OFFICE further scholarship FOR RESEARCH LIAISON within the discipline. PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE OF The Legislative Office for RE P RESEN T A T IVES Research Liaison (LORL) was founded in 1976 by the Pennsylvania House of Representatives to provide research linkage to the VOL. 15, nO. 2, SEPTEMBER 2009 academic community. COMMONWEALTH: A Journal of Political Science EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Gerard J. Fitzpatrick, Ursinus College ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Thomas J. Baldino, Wilkes University Donald G. Tannenbaum, Gettysburg College Michael R. King, Legislative Office for Research Liaison, Pennsylvania House of Representatives BOOK REVIEW EDITOR: Thomas J. Baldino, Wilkes University MANAGING EDITOR: Michael E. Cassidy, Office of the Democratic Caucus Chair, Pennsylvania House of Representatives EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD Aryeh Botwinick Michael J. Malbin Temple University State University of NY, Albany M. Margaret Conway Harvey C. Mansfield, Jr. University of Florida Harvard University Roger H. Davidson Kenneth F. Mott University of Maryland Gettysburg College Jean B. Elshtain Craig N. Murphy University of Chicago Wellesley College Richard F. Fenno Steven A. Peterson University of Rochester The Pennsylvania State University Marianne Githens Mark P. Petracca Goucher College University of California, Irvine Susan W. Hammond Kathy Ferguson American University University of Hawaii at Manoa Samuel Krislov Bruce M. Russett University of Minnesota Yale University G. Calvin Mackenzie J. David Singer Colby College University of Michigan i PENNSYLVANIA POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION Officers and Executive Council 2009-2010 PRESIDENT Paula Holoviak Kutztown University FIRST VICE PRESIDENT SECOND VICE PRESIDENT Stanley Berard Brooke Harlowe Lock Haven University Lock Haven University TREASURER SECRETARY & WEBMASTER Thomas Brogan Fran Moran Albright College New Jersey City University EXECUTIVE COUNCIL 2007-2010 Term Joseph Rish Michael Dillon King’s College LaSalle University 2008-2011 Term Kyle Kreider Joseph Melusky Wilkes University St. Francis University 2009-2012 Term Steven Peterson John Kennedy Penn State - Harrisburg West Chester University of Pennsylvania EX OFFICIO MEMBERS PAST PRESIDENT PAST PRESIDENT Thomas J. Baldino Joseph Melusky Wilkes University St. Francis University EDITORIAL STAFF OF COMMONWEALTH: A JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Gerard J. Fitzpatrick Ursinus College ASSOCIATE EDITOR & ASSOCIATE EDITOR & BOOK REVIEW EDITOR SPECIAL ISSUE EDITOR Thomas J. Baldino Michael R. King Wilkes University LORL, PA House of Representatives ASSOCIATE EDITOR MANAGING EDITOR FOR POLITICAL THEORY Michael Cassidy Donald G. Tannenbaum Office of the Democratic Caucus Chair Gettysburg College PA House of Representatives ii LEGISLATIVE OFFICE FOR RESEARCH LIAISON (LORL) Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Harrisburg, PA 17120-2218 Hon. Keith R. McCall The Speaker of the House of Representatives Hon. Todd Eachus Hon. Samuel H. Smith The Majority Leader The Minority Leader Hon. H. William DeWeese Hon. Mike Turzai The Majority Whip The Minority Whip 2009-2010 LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE FOR RESEARCH LIAISON (LCRL) Hon. James R. Roebuck, Jr. Hon. Samuel H. Smith LORL Committee Chair Republican Leader Hon. H. Scott Conklin Hon. Kate Harper LORL Committee Secretary Hon. Stephen P. Samuelson Hon. Duane Milne Dr. Richard DiEugenio Special Assistant to the President for Dr. James Moran III Governmental Affairs Vice Chancellor for Academic and The Pennsylvania State University Student Affairs PA State System of Higher Education 2009-2010 UNIVERSITY COMMITTEE FOR RESEARCH LIAISON (UCRL) Dr. Richard L. Rosen Dr. George E. Klinzing Associate Professor of History and Politics Vice Provost for Research Drexel University University of Pittsburgh Dr. Grant D. Venerable, II Dr. Kathleen Howley Vice President for Academic Affairs Assistant Vice Chancellor for Lincoln University Academic and Student Affairs Dr. Richard DiEugenio PA State System of Higher Education Special Assistant to the President for Governmental Affairs Mr. Ronald Uroda The Pennsylvania State University Vice President for Research AICUP Dr. Michael G. Hagan Director, Institute for Public Affairs Dr. Andrew Rudczynski Temple University Associate Vice President of Finance and Executive Director of Research Services Dr. Michael R. King University of Pennsylvania LORL Executive Director iii Contents Volume 15, Number 2.......................................... September 2009 About the Authors................................................................................v In the COMMONWEALTH by Gerard J. Fitzpatrick, Editor ...........vi Articles The Unlikely Election and Service of John Inscho Mitchell, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, 1881-1887 ..................................1 David R. White, Francis Marion University Judicial Selection and the Underrepresentation of Women on The Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas.................................15 Heather Frederick, Slippery Rock University The Removal of Carl Romanelli from Pennsylvania’s 2006 U.S. Senate Ballot ..........................................................................37 Blyden Potts, Shippensburg University Viewing Representative Behavior through the Lens of Social and Political Identity .............................................................................65 Robin Lauermann, Messiah College The “Greening” of Local Governments .............................................89 Arthur M. Holst, Philadelphia Water Department Book Reviews Adams, Brian L. Citizen Lobbyists: Local Efforts to Influence Public Policy .....101 James Yoho, J.D., Ph.D., Independent Scholar iv Adams, Carolyn; Bartelt, David; Elesh, David; Goldstein, Ira; with Freely, Joshua; and Schmitt, Michelle. Restructuring the Philadelphia Region: Metropolitan Divisions and Inequality.............................................................103 Richardson Dilworth, Drexel University Dilworth, Richardson (editor). Social Capital in the City: Community and Civic Life in Philadelphia................................................................................105 Kyle L. Kreider, Wilkes University Lamis, René M. The Realignment of Pennsylvania Politics Since 1960: Two-Party Competition in a Battleground State ........................107 Daniel Mallison, Villanova University Madonna, G. Terry. Pivotal Pennsylvania: Presidential Politics from FDR to the Twenty-First Century ................................................................110 Thomas J. Baldino, Wilkes University Pickering, Kathleen; Harvey, Mark; Summers, Gene; Mushinski, David. Welfare Reform in Persistent Rural Poverty: Dreams, Disenchantments, and Diversity.................................................111 E. Brooke Harlowe, Lock Haven University Warren, Kenneth. Bethlehem Steel: Builder and Arsenal of America....................114 John H. Hepp, IV, Wilkes University v About the Authors Heather Frederick, Ph.D., is an assistant professor of political science at Slippery Rock University. She received her doctoral degree from West Virginia University. Her primary research interests focus on barriers to the representation of women in American governmental institutions. She is especially interested in women’s PACs and female congressional candidates. Arthur M. Holst, Ph.D., is Business and Government Affairs Manager for the Philadelphia Water Department. He received his doctoral degree from Temple University. His research interests include local government, public works, and the environment. Robin Lauermann, Ph.D., is an associate professor and Chair of the Department of Politics at Messiah College. She received her doctoral degree from the State University of New York at Buffalo. Her current research focuses on political behavior in the areas of representation and political engagement. Blyden B. Potts, Ph.D., is an adjunct assistant professor at Shippensburg University, in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology. He earned his doctorate at the University of Michigan. His research interests include structured inequality, lifestyle, formal organizations, and social capital and social networks. In 2006, he was a leader in the Green Party of Pennsylvania (GPPA) ballot access signature effort. From 2007 to 2008 he was Secretary of the GPPA. David R. White, Ph.D., is an associate professor of political science at Francis Marion University in Florence, South Carolina. He received his doctoral degree from the University of Arizona. His research interests include congressional development, particularly in the U.S. Senate, and the origins and growth of “presidential advance” (the White House office and staff that prepare and manage presidential trips and public events). vi In the COMMONWEALTH Gerard J. Fitzpatrick Editor Once again, this issue of COMMONWEALTH confirms the old adage that “good things come to those who wait.” The number of manuscripts submitted for review over the past two years continued to be low, while the rejection rate remained high—a testament to the demanding standards of our anonymous reviewers. Thanks to them, we can present a diverse group of five scholarly articles. Two of them involve Congress, one concerns the judiciary, one examines the electoral process, and one explores