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BIS-SACD-1561 BIS-SACD-1561_f-b.indd 1 2005-11-18 11:27:30 BIS-SACD-1561 Oratorios rev. 11/22/05 8:25 AM Page 2 BACH, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750) Kommt, eilet und laufet, BWV 249 41'45 Oratorium Festo Paschali / Osteroratorium / Easter Oratorio, final version (6th April 1749) Tromba I, II, III, Timpani, Flauto traverso, Flauto dolce I, II, Oboe I, II, Oboe d’amore, Violino I, II, Viola, Soprano, Alto, Tenore, Basso, Bassono, Continuo Text: [3-11] anon. 1 1. Sinfonia 4'07 Tromba I, II, III, Timpani, Oboe I, II, Violino I, II, Viola, Fagotto, Continuo (Violoncello, Contrabbasso, Cembalo, Organo) 2 2. Adagio 3'28 Flauto traverso, Violino I, II, Viola, Continuo (Violoncello, Contrabbasso, Cembalo, Organo) 3 3. Chorus. Kommt, eilet und laufet, ihr flüchtigen Füße … 4'57 Tromba I, II, III, Timpani, Oboe I, II, Violino I, II, Viola, Continuo (Fagotto, Violoncello, Contrabbasso, Cembalo, Organo) 4 4. Recitativo (Soprano, Alto, Tenore, Basso). O kalter Männer Sinn! … 0'57 Continuo (Violoncello, Cembalo, Organo) 5 5. Aria (Soprano). Seele, deine Spezereien … 11'27 Flauto traverso, Continuo (Violoncello, Contrabasso, Organo) 6 6. Recitativo (Alto, Tenore, Basso). Hier ist die Gruft … 0'40 Continuo (Violoncello, Cembalo, Organo) 7 7. Aria (Tenore). Sanfte soll mein Todeskummer … 6'15 Flauto dolce I, II, Violino I, II, Viola, Continuo (Violoncello, Contrabbasso, Organo) 8 8. Recitativo (Soprano, Alto). Indessen seufzen wir … 0'54 Continuo (Violoncello, Contrabasso, Cembalo, Organo) 2 BIS-SACD-1561 Oratorios rev. 11/22/05 8:25 AM Page 3 9 9. Aria (Alto). Saget, saget mir geschwinde … 5'55 Oboe d’amore, Violino I, II, Viola, Continuo (Fagotto, Violoncello, Contrabbasso, Cembalo, Organo) 10 10. Recitativo (Basso). Wir sind erfreut … 0'35 Continuo (Violoncello, Cembalo, Organo) 11 11. Chorus. Preis und Dank … 2'16 Tromba I, II, III, Timpani, Oboe I, II, Violino I, II, Viola, Continuo (Fagotto, Violoncello, Contrabbasso, Cembalo, Organo) Lobet Gott in seinen Reichen, BWV 11 27'37 Oratorium Festo Ascensionis Christi / Himmelfahrtsoratorium / Ascension Oratorio (19th May 1735) Tromba I, II, III, Timpani, Flauto traverso I, II, Oboe I, II, Violino I, II, Viola, Soprano, Alto, Tenore (Evangelista), Basso, Continuo Text: [1-5, 7, 8] anon.; [6] Johann Rist 1641; [9] Gottfried Wilhelm Sacer 1697 12 1. Chorus. Lobet Gott in seinen Reichen … 4'35 Tromba I, II, III, Timpani, Flauto traverso I, II, Oboe I, II, Violino I, II, Viola, Continuo (Fagotto, Violoncello, Contrabbasso, Cembalo, Organo) 13 2. Recitativo (Tenore). Der Herr Jesus hub seine Hände auf … 0'29 Continuo (Violoncello, Cembalo), Organo 14 3. Recitativo (Basso). Ach, Jesu, ist dein Abschied schon so nah? … 1'01 Flauto traverso I, II, Continuo (Violoncello, Organo) 15 4. Aria (Alto). Ach, bleibe doch, mein liebstes Leben … 7'13 Violino I, II, Continuo (Violoncello, Contrabbasso, Organo) 16 5. Recitativo (Tenore). Und ward aufgehaben zusehends … 0'28 Continuo (Violoncello, Cembalo), Organo 17 6. Choral. Nun lieget alles unter dir … 1'09 Flauto traverso I, II, Oboe I, II, Violino I, II, Viola, Continuo (Fagotto, Violoncello, Contrabbasso, Cembalo, Organo) 3 BIS-SACD-1561 Oratorios rev. 11/22/05 8:25 AM Page 4 18 7a. Recitativo (Tenore, Basso). Und da sie ihm nachsahen … 2'12 Continuo (Violoncello, Cembalo), Organo 7b. Recitativo (Alto). Ach ja! so komme bald zurück … Flauto traverso I, II, Continuo (Violoncello, Cembalo, Organo) 7c. Recitativo (Tenore). Sie aber beteten ihn an … Continuo (Violoncello, Cembalo), Organo 19 8. Aria (Soprano). Jesu, deine Gnadenblicke … 6'27 Flauto traverso I, II, Oboe I, Violino I, II, Viola 20 9. Choral. Wenn soll es doch geschehen … 3'52 Tromba I, II, III, Timpani, Flauto traverso I, II, Oboe I, II, Violino I, II, Viola, Continuo (Fagotto, Violoncello, Contrabbasso, Cembalo, Organo) TT: 70'28 Bach Collegium Japan chorus & orchestra directed by Masaaki Suzuki Instrumental and Vocal Soloists: Yukari Nonoshita soprano · Patrick van Goethem counter-tenor Jan Kobow tenor · Chiyuki Urano bass Liliko Maeda flauto traverso · Masamitsu San’nomiya oboe d’amore Hidemi Suzuki violoncello · Naoya Otsuka harpsichord · Naoko Imai organ 4 BIS-SACD-1561 Oratorios rev. 11/22/05 8:25 AM Page 5 Bach Collegium Japan SOLOISTS* / CHORUS ORCHESTRA Soprano: Yukari Nonoshita* Tromba (Trumpet) I: Toshio Shimada Minae Fujisaki Tromba II: Osamu Kumashiro Yoshie Hida Tromba III: Ayako Murata Naoco Kaketa Timpani: Takaaki Kondo Alto: Patrick van Goethem* Flauto dolce (Recorder) I: Shigeharu Yamaoka (BWV 249) Hiroya Aoki Flauto dolce II: Akimasa Muka (BWV 249) Tamaki Suzuki Sumihito Uesugi Flauto traverso I: Liliko Maeda Flauto traverso II: Kanae Kikuchi (BWV 11) Tenore: Jan Kobow* Satoshi Mizukoshi Oboe I/Oboe d’amore: Masamitsu San’nomiya Jun Suzuki Oboe II: Atsuko Ozaki Yosuke Taniguchi Violino I: Natsumi Wakamatsu [leader] Basso: Chiyuki Urano* Yuko Araki Daisuke Fujii Paul Herrera Yoshiya Hida Violino II: Azumi Takada Yusuke Watanabe Kaori Toda Yukie Yamaguchi Viola: Yoshiko Morita Amiko Watabe Continuo Violoncello: Hidemi Suzuki Contrabbasso: Seiji Nishizawa Fagotto (Bassono): Yukiko Murakami Cembalo: Naoya Otsuka Organo: Naoko Imai Tuner: Akimi Hayashi Kobe Shoin Women’s University Chapel 5 BIS-SACD-1561 Oratorios rev. 11/22/05 8:25 AM Page 6 Easter Oratorio ‘Kommt, eilet und laufet’ three solo arias, each related to specific situations in (Come, hasten and run), BWV 249 the story. Mary the mother of James’s aria ‘Seele, deine Since the beginnings of Christianity the birth, suf- Spezereien’ (‘Soul, your exotic delicacies’), Peter’s aria fering, death and resurrection of Jesus have been cen- ‘Sanfte soll mein Todeskummer’ (‘My deathly anguish tral philosophical concepts in mankind’s imagination shall softly’) and that of Mary Magdalene, ‘Saget, and have inspired artistic creations in pictures, words, saget mir geschwinde’ (‘Tell me, tell me quickly’). As and music both vocal and instrumental. In the Middle a frame there are the choral movements ‘Kommt, eilet Ages in particular, dramatic representations of the bib- und laufet’ (‘Come, hasten and run’) and ‘Preis und lical events blossomed; in Bach’s time, too, this tradi- Dank’ (‘May praise and thanks’). A surprising feature – indeed a unique one in Bach’s oratorios – is the tion was still very much alive, and even today rem- omission of an ‘evangelist’ and thus of the biblical nants of it have survived in folk art. Music had always story, knowledge of which is taken for granted. The played a prominent part and, especially in Passions, events are portrayed by dialogue alone. Bach’s Easter developed its own manifestations and genre traditions. Oratorio thus has much in common with the secular Bach’s Passions are rooted in this tradition, and his cantatas that he liked to call ‘dramma per musica’ Christmas Oratorio is also related to it. In a particular (‘musical drama’), and the texts of which consist large- way, however, the Easter Oratorio ‘Kommt, eilet und ly of arguments and counter-arguments from (usually) laufet’ (Come, hasten and run) is linked to older, folk four mythological figures. The opening with its splen- traditions. The text is ultimately based on the resurrec- did instrumental sinfonia also corresponds to secular tion story of the four Gospels, after Matthew 28, Mark models. 16, Luke 24 and John 20. For this text, however, Bach’s All of these innovations and unexpected features librettist (whose identity we do not know), apparently may have caused consternation amongst those who used a literary model derived from the tradition of the attended the Leipzig Easter service on 1st April 1725 mediæval Easter plays about the ‘Visitatio sepulchris’ at which the oratorio was heard for the first time, or at – the visit to the grave. This is evident from various least given them something to talk about. What they textual allusions and is also mirrored in the typical se- could not have known, however, was the origin of this quence of events: at the news of Jesus’ resurrection, Easter music: the work is to a large extent a ‘parody’. two of his disciples hurry to the grave. There they meet The original was a secular cantata that Bach had writ- women from Jesus’ following who are mourning his ten a short time earlier for the birthday of Duke Chris- death and who wish to anoint his body. The disciples tian of Sachsen-Weißenfels, and had performed in find the grave empty; only Jesus’ napkin remains; and Weißenfels on 23rd February 1725. The text, begin- the women tell of an angel who told them that Christ ning ‘Entfliehet, verschwindet, entweichet, ihr Sorgen’ had risen. (‘Flee now, vanish, yield now, you sorrows’, was writ- For the oratorio, the number of characters was ten by Bach’s usual librettist, Christian Friedrich Hen- limited to just four: Mary the mother of James, Mary rici (known as Picander; 1700-1764). The libretto has Magdalene, Peter and John. In Bach’s piece each of survived, but Bach’s music has unfortunately disap- them is allocated a voice: the two Marys sing soprano peared – although not completely: in outline, at least, it and alto, Peter is a tenor and John a bass. There are is reflected in the Easter Oratorio. Overall, the secular 6 BIS-SACD-1561 Oratorios rev. 11/22/05 8:25 AM Page 7 original appears to have been a true ‘dramma per mu- (‘Flee now, vanish, yield now, you sorrows’). More- sica’, a pastoral play with four characters – two shep- over, in the version heard in Leipzig at Easter 1725, herdesses, Doris and Sylvia, and two shepherds, Me- this was not yet a choral movement but a duet for tenor nalcas and Damoetas. An introductory duet from the and bass, Peter and John. Bach expanded it to four two shepherds speaks of their eager anticipation of the parts for a later performance around 1743-46. ducal birthday. The shepherds meet the shepherdesses In terms of content, Mary the mother of James’s who, in February, are out looking for flowers with aria ‘Seele, deine Spezereien’ (‘Soul, your exotic deli- which to make a garland for the duke.