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History of the Religious Buildings in Taungthaman Village Tract Abstract

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History of the Religious Buildings in Taungthaman Village Tract Abstract History of the Religious Buildings in Taungthaman Village Tract Khin Mar Lwin Abstract It is found that Taungthaman Village tract flourished in Buddhism before the period of Amarapura. Badon min shifted his royal capital form YadanapuraInwa to Amarapura new royal capital for the sake of Buddhism to as a priority. Taungthaman area was also included in flourish of Buddhism in the royal capital of Amarapura. Large and magnificent Pagodas and monasteries are found in Taungthaman. InTaungthaman village, there also appeared many learner monks who were patronized by the king and Buddhist religion also flourished. During the end of Myanmar monarchial rule, Buddhist religion faded in Taungthaman area. However, well traditional Buddhist religion of Taungthamancould thrive after getting the independence. Keywords: Buddhism Introduction It can be found in literature that the people in various countries of the world believed in various religious faiths. These religious faith including Hinduism, Buddhism, Confuciousm, Christianity and Islam spreaded over the world.1 The traditional belief of Buddhism was started by Pyu people in Myanmar history.2 In Myanmar history there emerged Bagan, Pinya, Inwa, Taungoo, Nyaungyan and Konbaung Periods. It is found that the Myanmar kings reigning over the country during these periods were eager to be the good kings as Sāsanādayaka Min Myat (donars). As a result, Buddhism flourished to its zenith during the reign of king Anawrahta in Bagan period. There were various kings who were recorded as they looked after and praised especially over Buddha Sāsanā. These kings were (1) King Anawrahtain Bagan period, (2) King KyaSwa in Bagan period, (3) King Dhanmazediin Hanthawaddy period, (4) King Sinphyu Shin in Hanthawaddy period, (5) Rakhine Min YaZarGyi, (6) King Badon in Kongbaung period and (7) King Mindon in Kongbaung period.3 Lecturer, Dr, Department of History, Yadanabon University 1 Toe Hla, Shaehoung Myanmar naingganThamine, ancient Myanmar history, NainghtetAung press, Yangon, 2014, p.38 2 Than Tun, Dr, Khit-haung Myanmar Yazawin, (The Ancient History), Maha Dagon press, 1969, p.62 3U Tin, Myanmar-min-oke-choke-pon-sardanhnintBodawphayaeiRazathatKhawAmeint-taw Tan-gyi (Treatise on administration of Myanmar king and Bodawphaya's Great Royal Order called Criminal law), Yangon, Boho press, 1971, p.90 History of Pagodas in Taungthaman Village Tract King Badon, the first founder of Amarapura, shifted his royal capital from YadanapuraInwa royal capital to Amarapura in 1783. The reason for the shifting of the royal capital was claimed as (1) for the benefits of Buddha religious (Sāsanā), (2) for the king, (3) for his generations and (4) for the benefits of the people.4 Due to the activities of king Badon for the prosperity and flourishment of Buddhist Sāsanā as well as for its propagation had effects upon the flourishment of Buddhist Sāsanā in Taungthaman area. Taungthaman village is located on the east of U Bein bridge, the world famous bridge on the southeast of Amarapuratownship where the present Yadanabon University is located. There are some famous Pagodas in Taungthaman village tract such as (1) Kyauk-taw-gyi pagoda, (2) Meigawaddy pagoda, (3) Sutaung Bye ShinbinShwegu pagoda, (4) LawkaSimee Pagoda (5) Chan-thar-gyi and Chan-thar-ya Pagoda (6) Shwe-moth-htaw pagoda, (7) Dat- taw pagodas, (9) Shwe-hlan-bo pagoda, (10) lawkaThara-phuShwe-hlan-bo pagoda and (10) Shwe-ta-nga pagoda. Kyauk-taw-gyi pagoda is situated between two villages of Htan Taw and Taungthaman at the eastern end of U Bain bridge. The Buddha image is 11 taung 2 mite 4 thit in height and it is carved with marble stone and so it is called "Kyauk Taw Gyi Pagoda." The Buddha image is very well-kown for its right proportion, excellent handiwork, and excellent stone texture. The person who donated the Buddha image was king Bagyidaw. After casting and donating the bronze Buddha image of MahaSakyaThiha, King Bagyidaw got an idea of carving a stone statute for worship.5 Therefore, the king sent Kyaw Si TaikSa-yayKyawSwaThihaNaw-rahta who was skillful in the art of alabaster to look for marble stone for carving Buddha image. A large stone in the measurement of 22 feet in length, 14 feet 4 inches in width, 9 feet 10 inches in thickness was found at Sa Kyin hill at the entrance of the town of Singu. On 25 August 1829, over 6000 people were mobilized to pull down the marble stone from the hill. It took 9 months to carry the large marble stone from Sa-Kyin hill to the royal capital. Over 8250 royal servicemen were used to carry the stone from the harbour to the place in front of Bon KyawKyaung-taik (Monastic establishment) which lasted for nine days. The king himself draw up the style of the Buddha image to be in right proportion. The king himself 4 May Nyunt, "AmarapuraMyo-ti Nan-tiThamaing" (History of Construction of the city and royal palace of Amarapura), M.A Thesis, Mandalay University, 1993, p.10 5PyinNya, Ko, TaungTha Man Wun-kyinThamaingwin Nay-yarMya (Historical places around the TaungTha Man lake), Yangon, Sar-pay loka press, 1996, pp.21-28 chose the lapidaries and servicemen and assigned Nann-kan-kywayWunNay MyoSithu, and Kin-sarShweTaung Zeya Nawrahta to take charge of the work of carving the stone. The king himself made checking the work which was done day and night so that carving of Buddha image was finished soon. The title of the Buddha image was named "MahaSak-kya Yan-thi" which was placed in the brick structure with tired roof in front of Bon KyawKyaungtaik within the compound of Inwa royal palace.6 The successor of king Bagyidaw, king Tharawaddy transferred the royal capital from Inwa to Amarapura. King Bagan who succeded king Tharawaddy got the idea of taking the Buddha image to Amarapura and made clear the bushes around the image. The plot of land to be placed the Buddha image with GandaKutiTaik was chosen at the site between two villages not far away from the royal palace to the west of TaungTha Man lake.7 On 26 April 1849, the foundation was laid down for the construction of GandaKutiTaik. A great cave pagoda with the plinth of 89 taungin diameter and 77 taung6 mitein height was constructed and two enclosure walls were surrounded. PadeinMyo, Ma-be Myosa Pa-be AtwinWunThadoMingyi Min HlaKyaw Thu was assigned to take charge of the construction work which lasted for over one year. Inner walls and ceiling at the four extrance gates of GandaKutiTaik were embellished with mural paintings. The two enclosure walls had the shelter and roof and inner walls were set with MokPauks (Decorated archway). In these MokPauks, 88 statutes of Arahat were carved placing on throne in order to worship. During the reign of King Bagan, Kyauk Maw MyosaMingyiMinhlaThiha Thu and Pa-bèWun(Minister in charge of royal blacksmith) AtwinWun(Privy Councilor) ThadoeMingyiMaha Min HlaKyaw Thu were assigned, by granting over 3000 boatmen to carry the Buddha image on 4 June 1849 from Yadanapura. On 10 July 1849, Buddha image was put on the royal boat with tired roof and the boat was pulled by steamer to Amarapura. The image was placed inside the brick structure with tired roof. On 28 September 1850, a magnificent brick structure with tired roof was built and sacred relics, including 12 gold Buddha images, 20 silver Buddha image, and over 300 gold and silver Buddha images donated by the people were enshrined at the third precinct. In this month, the king had given each a longyi (lower garment) and a turban (head cloth) for 4800 peoples like as royal servants, workers, professionals from brick barrack. King Bagan ordered the learners like monks, laity and 6U MaungMaungTin, KonbaungzetMahaYazawindawgyi (Great chronicle of The Konbaung Dynasty), vol.II, Yangon, Universities, Historical Research Department, 2004, pp.317-319 (Henceforth:MaungMaung Tin, 2004a) 7 U MaungMaungTin, KonbaungzetMahaYazawindawgyi (Great chronicle of The Konbaung Dynasty), vol.III, Yangon, Universities, Historical Research Department, 2004, p.65 (Henceforth:MaungMaung Tin, 2004b) brahman to choose the auspicious day for the placing of Htitaw (tired and ornamented finial of a pagoda) when he heard the finish of constructions of the brick temple together stucco-wall and double fire-break fencing walls for enshrine of MahāSak-kyayan-thi Image. At the auspicious day on 29th October 1850, King Bagan left together with the royal audiences such as queens, princes, princesses, Sawbwas, Myosas and ministers through the street of Nanmatawbridge to MahāSak-kyayan-thi Pagoda by deploying each three troops at front and back. Then, the king placed and donated ShweHti-taw to the pagoda together with Ministers, richmen and people by playing of various musical instruments with slogan- shoutings. The king poured water and dedicated parikkharas such as robe, bowl, etc to forty-one monks after the placing of Hti-taw with seven pinnacles by cannonade. Besides, he granted amnesty for the forty-one male and female prisoners who were sentenced to death. Then, he invoked for these good deeds to the guardian deity of the earth and expressed to bestow benefits for his ancestors. He ordered Taseip (stamp) wun Min HlaKyawHtin to engrave a stone inscription for this temple. On 29 October 1850, the finial in the measurement of 7 taung2mite4 thitin height and 2 taung 4 thit in circumference was hoisted.8 The monks and people within the kingdom go on pilgrimage to Kyauktawgyi Pagoda, king Bagan issued order to construct a brick bridge passing through Tungthamanlake as far as the place near MahaSakkyaYanthi pagoda on 3 February 1852.9 The bridge was known as Nanmadawbridge. Nanmadaw bridge is the bridge in straight line which is connected from the park on the road circling the lake to the west of No(2) Central Workshop (EME) up to the middle of Htan taw village.
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