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Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1
Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 2 Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 3 4 Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 စ Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 5 6 Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 7 8 Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 9 10 Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 Spatial Distribution Pattrens of Basic Education Schools in Pathein City Tin Tin Mya1, May Oo Nyo2 Abstract Pathein City is located in Pathein Township, western part of Ayeyarwady Region. The study area is included fifteen wards. This paper emphasizes on the spatial distribution patterns of these schools are analyzed by using appropriate data analysis methods. This study is divided into two types of schools, they are governmental schools and nongovernmental schools. Qualitative and quantitative methods are used to express the spatial distribution patterns of Basic Education Schools in Pathein City. Primary data are obtained from field surveys, informal interview, and open type interview .Secondary data are collected from the offices and departments concerned .Detailed facts are obtained from local authorities and experience persons by open type interview. Key words: spatial distribution patterns, education, schools, primary data ,secondary data Introduction The study area, Pathein City is situated in the Ayeyarwady Region. The study focuses only on the unevenly of spatial distribution patterns of basic education schools in Pathein City . -
THAN TUN, M.A., B.L., Ph
THE ROYAL ORDERS OF BURMA, A.D. 1598-1885 PART FOUR, A.D. 1782-1787 Edited with Introduction, Notes and Summary in English of Each Order by THAN TUN, M.A., B.L., Ph. D. (London) Former Professor of History, Mandalay University KYOTO THE CENTRE FOR SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES, KYOTO UNIVERSITY 1986 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The editor owes much gratitude to THE CENTRE FOR SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES KYOTO UNIVERSITY for research fecilities given to him in editing these Royal Orders of Burma and to have them published under its auspices. He is also thankful to THE TOYOTA FOUNDATION financial aid to publish them. iv CONTENTS Acknowledgement iv List of colleagues who helped in collecting the Royal Orders vi Introduction vii Chronology 1782-1787 xxiv King's Own Calendar, 1806-1819 xxxiii Summary of Each Order in English 1 Royal Orders of Burma in Burmese 211 v List of colleagues who helped in collecting the Royal Orders Aung Kyaw (Chaung U) Aung Myin Chit So Myint Htun Yee Khin Htwe Yi Khin Khin Khin Khin Gyi Khin Khin Sein Khin Lay Khin Maung Htay sKhin Myo Aye Khin Nyun (Mrs Thein Than Tun) Khin Yi (Mrs Than Tun) Kyaw Kyaw Win Mya Mya Myine Myine Myint Myint Myint Htet Myint Myint Than Myo Myint Ni Ni Myint Ni Toot Nyunt Nyunt Way Ohn Kyi (Chaung U) Ohn Myint Oo Pannajota Sai Kham Mong San Myint (Candimala) San Nyein San San Aye Saw Lwin Sein Myint Than Than Thant Zin (Mawlike) Thaung Ko Thein Hlaing Thein Than Tun Thoung Thiung Tin Maung Yin Tin Tin Win Toe Hla Tun Nwe Tun Thein Win Maung Yi Yi Yi Yi Aung vi INTRODUCTION LIKEAniruddha (Anawyatha Min Saw), Hti Hlaing Shin (Kyanzittha), Hanthawady Sinbyu Shin (Bayin Naung), Alaungmintaya (U Aung Zayya) and Mindon after him, King Badon (Bodawpaya) was a usurper on the Burmese throne and like his every other counterpart, he tried to rule with benevolence. -
Myanmar, Tierra Dorada 20 Di As / 17 Noches 2020
MYANMAR, TIERRA DORADA 20 DI AS / 17 NOCHES 2020 Birmania era el nombre que los británicos pusieron a este territorio del sudeste asiático en la época colonial. Después pasó a llamarse Myanmar, que es el nombre pre colonial. Desde 2005 su capital es Naipyidó. El país menos visitado del sudeste asiático ofrece una extraordinaria riqueza paisajística. Un mosaico de etnias va abriendo poco a poco sus puertas al turismo, después del aislamiento a la que se vieron sometidos durante décadas. ITINERARIO, SALIDA EN GRUPO, A PARTIR DE 2 PERSONAS Día 1: España Myanmar NOCHES Día 2: Llegada a Myanmar 17 Día 3: Yangon – Bago – Golden Rock Día 4: Golden Rock – Hpa An Día 5: Hpa An – Yangon Día 6: Yangon Kyaing Tong D Í A S / Día 7: Kyaing Tong – Pin Tauk – Kyaing Tong 20 Día 8: Kyaing Tong – Loi Mwe – Kyaing Tong , Día 9: Kyaing Tong Heho - Kakku – Inle Día 10: Inle – Indein – Inle Día 11: Inle – Nyaung Shwe – Pindaya – Kalaw Día 12: Kalaw – Popa - Bagan Día 13: Bagan Día 14: Bagan – Pakkoku - Monywa Día 15: Monywa - Mandalay Día 16: Mandalay – Amarapura – Ava - Mandalay Día 17: Mandalay – Mingun - Mandalay TIERRA DORADADía 18: Mandalay Yangon Día19: Yangon España Día 20: Llegada a España *Nota: entre el 12 y 18 de abril los servicios pueden verse reducidos debido al festival del Año Nuevo. M I A N M A R C/ROGER DE FLOR 222,BIS, LOCAL 08013 - BARCELONA T F . 9 3 2 0 7 0 4 81 www.aspasiatravel.es [email protected] MAPA ITINERARIO: NOCHES 17 D Í A S / 20 , TIERRA DORADA M I A N M A R C/ROGER DE FLOR 222,BIS, LOCAL 08013 - BARCELONA T F . -
DRAFT 8/8/2013 Updates at Chapter 40 -- Karstology
Chapter 40 -- Karstology Characterizing the mechanism of cavern accretion as "force" tends to suggest catastrophic attack, not a process of subtle persistence. Publicity for Ohio's Olentangy Indian Caverns illustrates the misconception. Formed millions of years ago by the tremendous force of an underground river cutting through solid limestone rock, the Olentangy Indian Caverns. There was no tremendous event millions of years ago; it's been dissolution at a rate barely discernable, century to century. Another rendition of karst stages, this time in elevation, as opposed to cross-section. Juvenile Youthful Mature Complex Extreme 594 DRAFT 8/8/2013 Updates at http://www.unm.edu/~rheggen/UndergroundRivers.html Chapter 40 -- Karstology It may not be the water, per se, but its withdrawal that initiates catastrophic change in conduit cross-section. The figure illustrates stress lines around natural cavities in limestone. Left: Distribution around water-filled void below water table Right: Distribution around air-filled void after lowering water table. Natural Bridges and Tunnels Natural bridges begin as subterranean conduits, but subsequent collapse has left only a remnant of the original roof. "Men have risked their lives trying to locate the meanderings of this stream, but have been unsuccessful." Virginia's Natural Bridge, 65 meters above today's creek bed. George Washington is said to have surveyed Natural Bridge, though he made no mention it in his journals. More certain is that Thomas Jefferson purchased "the most sublime of nature's works," in his words, from King George III. Herman Melville alluded to the formation in describing Moby Dick, But soon the fore part of him slowly rose from the water; for an instant his whole marbleized body formed a high arch, like Virginia's Natural Bridge. -
History of the Religious Buildings in Taungthaman Village Tract Abstract
History of the Religious Buildings in Taungthaman Village Tract Khin Mar Lwin Abstract It is found that Taungthaman Village tract flourished in Buddhism before the period of Amarapura. Badon min shifted his royal capital form YadanapuraInwa to Amarapura new royal capital for the sake of Buddhism to as a priority. Taungthaman area was also included in flourish of Buddhism in the royal capital of Amarapura. Large and magnificent Pagodas and monasteries are found in Taungthaman. InTaungthaman village, there also appeared many learner monks who were patronized by the king and Buddhist religion also flourished. During the end of Myanmar monarchial rule, Buddhist religion faded in Taungthaman area. However, well traditional Buddhist religion of Taungthamancould thrive after getting the independence. Keywords: Buddhism Introduction It can be found in literature that the people in various countries of the world believed in various religious faiths. These religious faith including Hinduism, Buddhism, Confuciousm, Christianity and Islam spreaded over the world.1 The traditional belief of Buddhism was started by Pyu people in Myanmar history.2 In Myanmar history there emerged Bagan, Pinya, Inwa, Taungoo, Nyaungyan and Konbaung Periods. It is found that the Myanmar kings reigning over the country during these periods were eager to be the good kings as Sāsanādayaka Min Myat (donars). As a result, Buddhism flourished to its zenith during the reign of king Anawrahta in Bagan period. There were various kings who were recorded as they looked after and -
Environmental Impact Assessment MYA: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Highway Modernization Project (Formerly GMS East-West Econ
Environmental Impact Assessment April 2020 MYA: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Highway Modernization Project (formerly GMS East-West Economic Corridor Highway Development Project) Main Report Prepared by the Ministry of Construction of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar for the Asian Development Bank. This is an updated version of the draft originally posted in September 2019, available on https://www.adb.org/projects/50381-006/main#project-documents. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 16 March 2020) Currency unit – Myanmar Kyat (MK) MK1.00 = US$ 0.000654 US$1.00 = MK 1,533 ABBREVIATIONS AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ADB Asian Development Bank ADT Average Daily Traffic AHH Affected Household AP Affected Person BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOQ Bill of Quantities BOT Built Operate & Transfer BMS Bridge Management System CBR California Bearing Ratio CCSR Centre for Climate Systems Research CEMP Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan CIA Cumulative Impact Assessment CMIP5 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 COD Chemical Oxygen Demand COI Corridor of Impact CR Critically Endangered CRRN Core Rural Road Network CSIS construction supervision and implementation support CSS Country Safeguard Systems dBA A weighted sound scale DBST Double Bituminous Surface Treatment DCP Dynamic Cone Penetrometer DD Detailed Design DEM Digital Elevation Model DHV Design Hour (Traffic) Volume DMF Design Monitoring Framework DOB Department of Bridges DOH Department of Highways DMH Department of Meteorology (Myanmar) -
Tour Itinerary
979 West Painted Clouds Place, Oro Valley, AZ 85755 www.handson.travel • [email protected] • 520-720-0886 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • MYANMAR OCTOBER 16 – 30, 2022 15 DAYS Be inspired by the monasteries, pagodas and stupas in Bago, Mingun, Amarapura and Mandalay. Cross the Gok Teik Viaduct on train. Take a stroll through countryside villages. Visit markets and workshops. Walk over a hundred year old teak U-Bein Bridge. Take on river cruises on Dotawaddy and Irrawaddy Rivers. Bicycle amongst the pagodas and stupas in Bagan. Observe the leg-rowing fishermen of Inle Lake. Ride on the Yangon Circular Railway. B – breakfast, L – lunch, D – dinner OCTOBER 16 • • • Arrival into Yangon. Meet your deaf guide at the airport and check into your hotel. Short walk about. Welcome dinner. Stay in Yangon for 2 nights. D OCTOBER 17 • • • 2 hour drive to Bago, formerly known as Pegu. Capital of the Mon Kingdom in the 15th century. Visit Kyaly Khat Wai Monastery during lunch time. Shwethalyaung, the 180 foot long reclining Buddha. The Mon style Shwemawdaw Pagoda, one of the most venerated in Myanmar. Hintha Gon Paya. Kanbawzathadi Palace. Kyaik Pun Pagoda with 4 sitting Buddhas. On way back to Yangon, we stop at the Allied War Cemetery near Htaukkyan, the final resting place for over 27,000 allied soldiers who fought in Burma. B OCTOBER 18 • • • After breakfast, we fly to Lashio, then drive about 3 hours to Hsipaw. Stay in Hsipaw for 2 nights. B OCTOBER 19 • • • Head out into the countryside on foot, taking in a few local villages and some lovely scenery. -
University of Mandalay Mandalay, Myanmar March 2007 Tint Lwin
University of Mandalay ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN PAKHAN GYI DURING THE MONARCHICAL DAYS Tint Lwin Mandalay, Myanmar March 2007 ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN PAKHAN GYI DURING THE MONARCHICAL DAYS University of Mandalay ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN PAKHAN GYI DURING THE MONARCHICAL DAYS A Dissertation submitted to University of Mandalay in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History Department of History Tint Lwin 4 Ph.D/Hist.-3 Mandalay, Myanmar March 2007 University of Mandalay ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN PAKHAN GYI DURING THE MONARCHICAL DAYS By Tint Lwin, B.A(Hist:), M.A. 4 Ph.D./Hist.-3 (2006-07) This Dissertation is submitted to the Board of Examiners In History, University of Mandalay in Candidature For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved External Examiner, Referee Supervisor Member Member Co-Supervisor Chairperson Abstract In writing this dissertation on the "Art and Architecture in Pakhangyi during the monarchical days", every conceivable aspect has been covered, and the dissertation is divided into four chapters. In writing the First Chapter, the artifacts and implements of Neolithic age period, the religious edifices and wall paintings are mainly used as evidences to show the development of Pakhangyi region as one of the main centres of Myanmar civilization other than Bagan and other places of cultural interest. The First Chapter asserts the historical and cultural legitimacy of the Pakhangyi region by presenting its visible facets of successive periods starting from the stone age: stone implements, how the very term Pakhangyi emerge, the oldest villages, the massive city wall, how the city was rebuilt five times, the quality of bricks used and the pattern of brick bonding, water supply system, agriculture and the region’s inhabitants. -
Dictionary of Geotourism Anze Chen • Young Ng • Erkuang Zhang Mingzhong Tian Editors
Dictionary of Geotourism Anze Chen • Young Ng • Erkuang Zhang Mingzhong Tian Editors Dictionary of Geotourism With 635 Figures and 12 Tables Editors Anze Chen Young Ng Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences The Geological Society of Australia Beijing, China Sydney, NSW, Australia Erkuang Zhang Mingzhong Tian The Geological Society of China China University of Geosciences Beijing, China Beijing, China ISBN 978-981-13-2537-3 ISBN 978-981-13-2538-0 (eBook) ISBN 978-981-13-2539-7 (print and electronic bundle) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2538-0 Jointly published with Science Press, Beijing, China ISBN: 978-7-03-058981-1 Science Press, Beijing, China © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for gecneral use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. -
Behind the Scenes
©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd 438 Behind the Scenes SEND US YOUR FEEDBACK We love to hear from travellers – your comments keep us on our toes and help make our books better. Our well-travelled team reads every word on what you loved or loathed about this book. Although we cannot reply individually to your submissions, we always guarantee that your feed- back goes straight to the appropriate authors, in time for the next edition. Each person who sends us information is thanked in the next edition – the most useful submissions are rewarded with a selection of digital PDF chapters. Visit lonelyplanet.com/contact to submit your updates and suggestions or to ask for help. Our award-winning website also features inspirational travel stories, news and discussions. Note: We may edit, reproduce and incorporate your comments in Lonely Planet products such as guidebooks, websites and digital products, so let us know if you don’t want your comments reproduced or your name acknowledged. For a copy of our privacy policy visit lonelyplanet.com/ privacy. Tamara Decaluwe, Terence Boley, Thomas Van OUR READERS Loock, Tim Elliott, Ylwa Alwarsdotter Many thanks to the travellers who used the last edition and wrote to us with help- ful hints, useful advice and interesting WRITER THANKS anecdotes: Alex Wharton, Amy Nguyen, Andrew Selth, Simon Richmond Angela Tucker, Anita Kuiper, Annabel Dunn, An- Many thanks to my fellow authors and the fol- nette Lüthi, Anthony Lee, Bernard Keller, Carina lowing people in Yangon: William Myatwunna, Hall, Christina Pefani, Christoph Knop, Chris- Thant Myint-U, Edwin Briels, Jessica Mudditt, toph Mayer, Claudia van Harten, Claudio Strep- Jaiden Coonan, Tim Aye-Hardy, Ben White, parava, Dalibor Mahel, Damian Gruber, David Myo Aung, Marcus Allender, Jochen Meissner, Jacob, Don Stringman, Elisabeth Schwab, Khin Maung Htwe, Vicky Bowman, Don Wright, Elisabetta Bernardini, Erik Dreyer, Florian James Hayton, Jeremiah Whyte and Jon Boos, Gabriella Wortmann, Garth Riddell, Gerd Keesecker. -
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Matthew Doyle (530) 238-2341
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Matthew Doyle (530) 238-2341 LAKE SHASTA CAVERNS TO CELEBRATE INTERNATIONAL DAY OF CAVES AND SUBTERRANEAN WORLD ON 6 JUNE. Cave Enthusiasts Across the Globe Bring Attention to the Importance of our Subterranean World. LAKEHEAD, CA USA (6 June 2019) — Lake Shasta Caverns National Natural Landmark, a member of the International Show Caves Association, joins cave enthusiasts around the world to increase awareness about the importance of caves and karst landscapes by celebrating International Day of Caves & the Subterranean World. “Caves and karst landscapes are places of wonder and majestic beauty. We see the recognition of the importance of our subterranean world increasing worldwide,” said Brad Wuest, president of the International Show Caves Association, and president, owner and operator of Natural Bridge Caverns, Texas, USA. “Show caves worldwide are embracing their role of protecting and preserving caves and providing a place for people to learn about these special natural, cultural and historical resources. Show caves also play an important role in nature tourism and sustainable development, providing jobs and helping the economy of their regions. Approximately 150 million people visit show caves each year, learning about our subterranean world” said Wuest. Caves and karst make landscapes diverse, fascinating, and rich in resources, including the largest springs and most productive groundwater on Earth, not to mention at least 175 different minerals, a few of which have only been found in caves. These landscapes provide a unique subsurface habitat for both common and rare animals and preserve fragile archaeological and paleontological materials for future generations. “Everyone is touched by caves and karst. -
There's More to Myanmar Than Hot Air Balloons and Misty Sunrises
MYANMAR The Insiders' Guide There’s more to Myanmar than hot air balloons and misty sunrises. Contents Overview Kyaiktiyo Pagoda Contents Yangon Overview 3 Amarapura 32 Top 10 Experiences in Myanmar 3 Inwa 33 Climate and Weather 6 Hsipaw 34 Where to Stay 7 Getting Around 9 Bagan and Mandalay Cuisine 11 Central Myanmar 35 Cultural Highlights 13 Bagan 36 Etiquette and Faux Pas 16 Inle Lake 38 Safety and Scams 17 Monywa District 39 Visa and Vaccinations 19 Naypyidaw 41 Yangon and Adventure in Myanmar 43 Bagan Southern Myanmar 20 Hiking and Cycling 44 Yangon 21 Caves 46 Bago 23 Mrauk U 47 Hpa An 25 Beaches to Explore 27 Essential Insurance Tips 48 Adventure Our Contributors 50 Mandalay and See Our Other Guides 50 Northern Myanmar 29 Get a Quote 51 Mandalay 30 2 Welcome! Myanmar isn’t all about temples and sunsets. Hike to rural villages in Hsipaw, slurp delicious shan noodles on the streets of Yangon, discover secluded beaches in the south, and crawl through limestone caves in Hpa An. Choose your method of transport wisely, and enjoy Myanmar’s secrets while they’re… secret. Contents Hsipaw Monywa Mandalay Our Pick of the Amarapura Top 10 Experiences Bagan Inwa Mrauk U Inle Lake in Myanmar Overview Naypyidaw Witness a Bagan sunrise hefty price-tag, there Watching the sunrise over the temples are plenty of temples of Bagan is a highlight for most travelers, that offer stunning Bago but there are two ways to do this. Either vantage points, and Yangon Hpa An you choose to take the luxury method can be conveniently Yangon of a hot air balloon ride, or watch from reached by e-bike (US the top of a temple.