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Environmental Impact Assessment MYA: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Highway Modernization Project (Formerly GMS East-West Econ Environmental Impact Assessment April 2020 MYA: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Highway Modernization Project (formerly GMS East-West Economic Corridor Highway Development Project) Main Report Prepared by the Ministry of Construction of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar for the Asian Development Bank. This is an updated version of the draft originally posted in September 2019, available on https://www.adb.org/projects/50381-006/main#project-documents. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 16 March 2020) Currency unit – Myanmar Kyat (MK) MK1.00 = US$ 0.000654 US$1.00 = MK 1,533 ABBREVIATIONS AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ADB Asian Development Bank ADT Average Daily Traffic AHH Affected Household AP Affected Person BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOQ Bill of Quantities BOT Built Operate & Transfer BMS Bridge Management System CBR California Bearing Ratio CCSR Centre for Climate Systems Research CEMP Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan CIA Cumulative Impact Assessment CMIP5 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 COD Chemical Oxygen Demand COI Corridor of Impact CR Critically Endangered CRRN Core Rural Road Network CSIS construction supervision and implementation support CSS Country Safeguard Systems dBA A weighted sound scale DBST Double Bituminous Surface Treatment DCP Dynamic Cone Penetrometer DD Detailed Design DEM Digital Elevation Model DHV Design Hour (Traffic) Volume DMF Design Monitoring Framework DOB Department of Bridges DOH Department of Highways DMH Department of Meteorology (Myanmar) DO Dissolved oxygen DTM Digital Terrain Model EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate ECD Environmental Conservation Department EMC External Monitoring Consultant EM-DAT Emergency Events Database EMP Environmental Management Plan EMP-CP Environmental Management Plan - Construction Phase EMP-OP Environmental Management Plan - Operations Phase EN Endangered ENSO El Nino-Southern Oscillation ESA Equivalent Standard Axle ESMS Environmental and Social Management System ESSRSS Environment Social Safeguards and Road Safety Section of DOH EWEC East-West Economic Corridor FCG Focus Group Discussions for Poverty Social Assessment FMA Financial Management Plan FMAQ Financial Management Assessment Questionnaire FS Feasibility Study GAD General Administration Department under Ministry of Home Affairs GCM General Circulation Model GDP Gross Domestic Product GMS Greater Mekong Subregion GNI Gross National Income GNP Gross National Product GoM Government of Myanmar GPS Global Positioning System GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HDM-4 Highway Development & Maintenance Management System (4) HIV / AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome H&S Health and Safety HWL High Water Level IDF Intensity-Duration-Frequency IEE Initial Environmental Examination IES International Environmental Specialist IFC International Finance Corporation IMF International Monetary Fund IOL Inventory of Loss IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPP Indigenous Peoples Plan IPPF Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework IPSA Initial Poverty and Social Analysis IRP Income Restoration Program JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KII Key Informant Interviews for Poverty Social Assessment km Kilometre LARP Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan LIDAR Light Imaging, Detecting and Ranging LSS Laser Scan Survey m Metre m3 Cubic metre MAV Multi-axle Vehicle MCA Multi-criteria Analysis MCCA Myanmar Climate Change Alliance mm Millimetre MOC Ministry of Construction MOEE Ministry of Electricity and Energy MONREC Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation MSA Million Equivalent Standard Axles MSL Mean Sea Level MTC Manual Traffic Count NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA GISS NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies NASA GDDP NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled ProJections NES National Environmental Specialist NGO Nongovernment Organization NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (United States) NPT Nay Pyi Taw NMV Non-Motorized Vehicle NDT Non-destructive Testing O-D Origin-Destination Survey OJT On the Job Training O&M Operations and Maintenance PAP ProJect Affected Person Pcu Passenger Car Unit PM Particulate Matter PMU ProJect Management Unit PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPTA ProJect Preparatory Technical Assistance PSA Poverty and Social Assessment PSP Private Sector Participation PPP Public Private Partnership RAP Resettlement Action Plan RCP Representative Concentration Pathway RFQ Request for Quotation ROW Right of Way RSI Roadside Interview SBD Standard Bidding Documents SBST Single Bituminous Surface Treatment SES Socioeconomic Survey SIA Social Impact Assessment SO2 Sulphur Dioxide SPS Safeguards Policy Statement SS Suspended Solids SSEMP Site-specific Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SPT Standard Penetration Test TA Technical Assistance TOR Terms of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particulates UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UN-Habitat United Nations Human Settlements Programme USD United States Dollars UXO Unexploded Ordnance VA Vulnerability Assessment Vdf Vehicle Damage Factor VER Valued Environmental Receptor VOC Vehicle Operating Costs VU Vulnerable WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization WWF World Wide Fund for Nature NOTES (i) In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars. This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any Judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Table of Contents A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... 2 A.1. Preamble ................................................................................................................................. 2 A.2. Background and Objectives of the Technical Assistance ....................................................... 2 A.3. Need for the Road ................................................................................................................... 2 A.4. Prefeasibility Study ................................................................................................................. 2 A.5. Proposed Alignment ................................................................................................................ 3 A.6. Highway Design Specifications ............................................................................................... 4 A.7. Related Facilities ..................................................................................................................... 4 A.8. Preliminary Cost Estimates ..................................................................................................... 4 A.9. Public Participation ................................................................................................................. 4 Environmental Impact Assessment Process ........................................................................... 5 A.10. 5 A.11. Environmental Baseline .......................................................................................................... 5 A.11.1. Land Use ..................................................................................................................... 5 A.11.2. Physical Parameters ................................................................................................... 5 A.11.3. Biodiversity .................................................................................................................. 5 A.11.4. Critical Habitats ........................................................................................................... 6 A.11.5. Social and Physical Cultural Resources ..................................................................... 9 A.12. Results of the Assessment ..................................................................................................... 9 A.12.1. Valued Environmental Receptors ................................................................................ 9 A.12.2. Assessment of Effects ............................................................................................... 12 A.12.3. Assessment of Effects on Critical Habitats ............................................................... 14 A.13. Environmental Management Plan (EMP), Institutional Arrangements .................................. 14 A.13.1. Social Safeguards implications (land acquisition, involuntary resettlement, impact on Indigenous Peoples) ..................................................................................................................... 16 A.13.2. Grievance Redress Mechanism ................................................................................ 17 A.13.3. Key EIA Commitments .............................................................................................. 17 A.14. Conclusion and Recommendations .....................................................................................
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