SUMMARY REPORT from SIX ABC SEMINARS 2003 –2005 ABC Summary Report Including a Index Malmö Seminar Report

SUMMARY REPORT FROM SIX ABC SEMINARS 2003 –2005 ABC summary report including a Index Malmö seminar report. This summary report is an introduction and a Introduction ...... 3 description to the ideas and the experiences of the ABC-project. It is also a report of the Malmö Voices ...... 4 seminar, which was the sixth and closing seminar in the ABCproject, held in Malmö, Sweden, The ABC method ...... 6 in October 2005.

The ABC seminar in Malmö ...... 8 ABC – Alliance of Baltic Cities is a project run by the UBC Commission on Urban Planning Footprints from earlier seminars ...... 20 and Design and supported by BSR InterregIIIB with Euro 255.957 Project period: March 2003 Planning and building laws – February 2006. in baltic countries ...... 30 The project has engaged 27 cities, 15 from EU- Experiences ...... 36 countries and 12 from non EU-countries. The project is engaging city planners and architects The Baltic Academy of City Planning 37 working in municipalities and local regions.

In the project there has been six common seminars with some 50 participants, working each ﬁ ve days at every seminar with these main issues: local circumstances in the host city and country, advices on how to solve local city planning problems, discussing speciﬁ c common planning Malmö seminar was led by items such as developed urban management, ci- Lars Brattberg (ABC lead partner) ties as regional engines, and renewal of city di- Gunilla Kronvall (Chairman WP 3) stricts. Åke Hesslekrans Sabina Dethorey The project has resulted in: steady contacts between colleagues, six examples/proposals on how Report by to deal with city planning problems of today and Lars Brattberg tomorrow, forming of some ”patrols” which can Sabina Dethorey help other cities with planning problems, a num- Ania Wolejko (page 30-35) ber of Small Scale investments. Stina Andersson, layout Christer Liljemark, illustrations

Thanks to the City of Kolding the City of Vaasa the City of Liepaja the City of Viljandi the City of Gdynia the City of Malmö Jonas Jakaitis, Paulina Golebiowska who have contributed with texts Welcome to Malmö, dear colleagues

The Union of the Baltic Cities - UBC - is the parent organisation for the ABC- project. The certain UBC Commission on Urban Planning started in 1998. The three cities Malmö, Umeå and Helsinki were then the initiators. Ilmar Reepalu, chairman of the City Board of Malmö, was one of the engaged pro- moters.

As city Malmö reﬂects in many different ways the times of changes, which lots of UBC member cities are facing. Because of this, and because of Malmö’s and Ilmar Reepalus roles, we start this summary report with a description of Malmö signed by Ilmar Reepalu.

From the left: Ülar Saar (Pärnu), Ruth Kurss (Tartu), Ilmar Reepalu, Jaana Hämarik (Tartu), Marko Männik (Viljandi), Leelo Saar (Viljandi), Malle Reinloo (Pärnu).

In the course of a few decades, Malmö city where all inhabitants receive their ju- and challenging, at the same time making has dramatically transformed itself, from stified part of the welfare. Partly to ensu- sure that we build more blocks of flats, as a leading national industrial city to a glo- re that, Malmö remains and develops as a in our new residential area Annestad, not bal city of knowledge, situated right in the growth engine in the Scanian part of the far from the bridge abutment. middle of one of Europe’s most exiting Öresound region. and suggestive regions. And not to forget: The City tunnel, an in- In other words, Malmö shall be a social- vestment that will change Malmö in seve- 40 years ago one half of the citizens in Mal- ly and economically, and also ecological- ral ways. Partly by a change in travelling mö got their provision by the traditional in- ly sustainable city, a city on the forefront patterns where more and more people will dustry, by manufacturing. Today not even edge of development, capable to make use use the rail bounded public transport sys- fifteen percent of the inhabitants receive of the all good conditions given to us. tem, which will lead to great environmen- their provision at the manufacturing indu- tal advantages. Partly by creating new pos- stry. The old and classical industries, such We shall continue making Malmö attrac- sibilities to produce new modern suburbs, as engineering industry, textile and ship- tive in several respects. Our city centre, as in Hyllie, with housing, shops, service building are gone and at the short period of that twice in recent years has granted Mal- and an arena for big events. a few years in the 1990’s nearly 30000 in- mö with the reward ”city core of the year”, habitants in Malmö lost their jobs. as well as housing with Western Harbour During some years in the beginning of the and Turning Torso as probably the most 1990’s Malmö was a city marked by de- Now Malmö has recovered from this spectacular examples. We shall also deve- pression and pessimism. Today the situa- shock. The new Malmö is growing and lop Malmö as a successful city of events tion is the complete opposite. developing, a city characterized of young and tourism. Today we build a new Malmö on a solid vitality, of pride and diversity and of entre- ground of optimism and faith in the fu- preneurial spirit, of research, development Already today Malmö can offer pulsating ture! and high class technology. folklore, ethnic and cultural diversity and a very rich supply of culture and other lei- Ilmar Reepalu It is this Malmö we now continue wor- sure activities. Now we continue building Chairman of the City Board (architect and city planner) king with. Partly to ensure that, we form a according to this model, daring the new

3 Voices from ABC participants What has the ABC project meant to you as a professional?

Hvad har ABC projektet betydet fagligt for dig?

Sirpa, Helsinki: A tremendous chance Georg, Kolding: The ABC Ritva, Turku: In addition to expected be- to deepen my knowledge and skills in the project has in a unique way in- nefi ts of forming some new networks of branch of city planning as well as lots of creased my professional knowledge on city planners, the ABC-project has been many friends, in whom I can trust when physical planning matters and proces- to me personally a revelation about pro- ever I need honest opinions of my ideas. ses, which I would not have missed. fessional working methods. Although I Svar: ABC projektet har givet mig en have personally lived and worked in many enestående mulighed for at styrke mit countries outside Finland, it has been still Connie, Kolding: The ABC project has kendskab til fysisk planlægning og til- unexpected and amazing to see the multi- opened my eyes for the different problems hørende arbejdsmetoder, som jeg ikke tude of ways professional planners and de- and challenges in the different countries vil undvære signers from different backgrounds and and cities - but in the end it is the same cultures can solve the same problem! way of working that is requested from I think that this method has been highly planners and architects. Karri, Pärnu: As a professional, I feel that rewarding to all participants. I am proud I have got some valuable experience that to have been part of it. Håkan, Sundsvall: Except that the se- has given me more self-confi dence and minars have given me joy and new friends imagination what others are doing, but Åke, Malmö: It has meant inspiring mee- they have given me some real good expe- now I’d like to go deeper. tings, intense discussions and an under- rience. To work with new colleagues in a standing of the Baltic Region with its con- new environment with the aim to solve a nection through history. specifi c local issue has been very stimula- Ann, Vaasa: I have learned a ting and exciting for me. lot about city planning and related topics during these 3 ABC years and every single seminar has been a Lars-Göran, Umeå: A much pleasant break from normal work like a Marko, Viljandi: ABC pro- better understanding of the ”vitamin shot”. ject means to me a geta- different urban situations in other BSR Olen oppinut paljon kaupunkisuun- way from my everyday environment countries, specially from the Baltic sta- nittelusta ja siihen liittyvistä aiheis- and problems. It allows seeing similar tes, and a lot of valuable experiences ta näiden kolmen ABC-vuoden aikana things, like the City is, in another way. from different planning situations that ja jokainen seminaari on ollut mukava In the overall scale each city in different is useful for me in my daily work, in my tauko normaalista työstä, pieni vitamii- countries has similar problems and all ordinary profession. nipilleri. planners and city architects are working Svar: En mycket bättre förståelse av de on with the same goals, but in another, olika förutsättningarna för samhällspla- on detail look, help to see those aspects nering i de andra Östersjöländerna, sär- Theodora, Lahti: This has been a valu- which can be different and which have skilt i de baltiska staterna. Jag har ock- able learning experience, as I have had a to be in other way in my town. så fått massor av värdefulla erfarenheter chance to observe closely how my collea- ABC projekt tähendab mulle võimalust från skilda planeringssituationer som gues from different countries handle plan- ära minna oma igapäevasest keskkon- jag kan ha stor nytta av i mitt dagliga ning problems as well as what kind of so- nast ja probleemidest. Üldjoontes on arbete som kommunal planerare. lutions they suggest for solving them. igal linnal erinevatest maadest sarnased probleemid ning planeerijad ja linnaar- Gunilla, Malmö: The ABC project has hitetektid töötavad samade eesmärki- Piret, Pärnu: Different ABC seminars allowed me to meet planners from other de nimel, aga teisalt detailsemal vaatlu- have given me a chance to meet kind pe- countries with whom I have worked and sel, saame näha neid aspekte, mis võivad ople, sharpen my mind having a fresh look discussed together and thus learnt and ex- olla erinevad ja mis kindlasti on teist- on new things, draw me away from my changed experiences, as well as gotten to moodi kui minu linnas. own town’s workday and problems and see know colleagues to stay in touch with pro- the world fessionally in the future.

4 Was hat das ABC Projekt für Dich als Fachmann bedeutet? Mitä ABC-projekti on merkinnyt sinulle ammatillisesti Vad har ABC-projektet betytt för dig i yrket som planerare? Mida tähendab ABC projekt sulle kui oma eriala spetsialistile? Kāda nozīme bija ABC projektam Jums kā profesionālim? Jakie znaczenie miał dla Ciebie, jako czynnego urbanisty projekt ABC? Ką Jums kaip profesionalui reiškia ABC projektas? Maria, Gdansk: The most va- Ugis, Liepaja: If it really would be pos- Jonas, Vilnius: Practical se- luable experience what I want sible to put the answer in just one sen- minars let us understand more to bring back home comes from ex- tence- I doubt if it would be worth at- deeply reasoning of urban develop- changing different experiences how to tending the seminars. It turned out three ment questions, solving urban develop- deal practically with common urban is- main aspects, which I consider important: ment problems of countries of BSR (our sues in our so called ”post modern” ci- 1) Regional aspects, 2) Interdisciplinary neighbours). Communicating, know- ties. It enhances my personal knowled- aspects, and 3) Exercising the professio- ledge and experience are very impor- ge and broad up perspective for farther nal communication skills. Not even men- tant not only in the frames of ABC pro- discussions and solutions for our local tioning the special feeling of belonging to ject, but also in the later creative action. development. some old-fellows company that you have Only the immediate cooperation sol- Największą wartością wyniesioną z uc- managed to create. ving concrete problems in the concrete zestnictwa w projekcie była wymiana situations increases creativity. różnorodnych doświadczeń i prezen- Jie, praktiniai seminarai, leidžia gili- tacje rozwiązań charakterystycznych i Andreas, Rostock: The UBC au suprasti BJR šalių (mūsų kaimynių) typowych problemów naszych „postmo- spatial development expert kolegų samprotavimus urbanistinio dernistycznych” miast Wymiana tych community became my professional fa- planavimo klausimais, sprendžiant doświadczeń poszerzyła moją osobistą mily very fast. I found a lot of friends, šiandienos urbanistinės raidos proble- wiedzę i rozszerzyła perspektywy from some of them I learned a lot, for mas. Komunikuojant, žinios ir paty- dla dalszych dyskusji nad lokalnymi others my own professional experiences rimas – labai svarbūs dalyviams ne rozwiązaniami urbanistycznymi. were helpful. tik ABC projekto rėmuose, bet ir jų Die UBC-Gemeinschaft der (räumli- vėlesnėje kūryboje. Tik betarpiškas chen) Entwicklungsexperten wurde sehr bendradarbiavimas sprendžiant schnell mein kollegiales ”zu Hause”. Ich konkrečias problemas konkrečiose si- fand eine Menge Gleichgesinnter; von tuacijose, paskatina kūrybiškumą. einigen konnte ich (noch) viel lernen, für andere wiederum war meine berufl i- che Erfahrung von Nutzen. Ineta, Jekabpils: These semi- Ryszard, Gdansk: For me, it has been my nars were a great experience own development of our common in BSR, planning, urban, even architectural phi- about planning process in Europe ci- Gvido, Riga: The ABC project has wide- losophy. ties. The best thing is the understan- ned my perspective on towns and cities ding that development process in oth- around Baltic Sea region, its strengths and er countries and cities is the same to sensitiveness in a changing world. It has Jekabpils and they have problems like given me a possibility to share and learn Gunta, Liepaja: I had a priceless possibili- ours. Very good was working together from knowledge brought to the meetings. ty to test my understanding about the city in work groups to fi nd solutions of pro- planning by different professional and live blems. - experience of every ABC partner. It ma- Šie semināri bija liela pieredze par Tomas, Umeå: New perspectives on seve- kes me better as a professional and as a hu- plānošanu Eiropas pilsētās. Vislielākais ral common urban planning issues, whi- man. guvums ir sapratne, ka attīstības pro- le working together with colleagues from cess citās valstīs un pilsētās ir līdzīgs kā so many cities around the Baltic Sea. Bet- tas notiek Jēkabpilī un ka arī problēmas ter self confi dence when colleagues con- Marek, Gdynia: ABC Project was the ir līdzīgas mūsējām. Ļoti veiksmīga fi rm many of my own ideas about and ex- great opportunity to get to know colle- bija darbošanās darba grupās, lai rastu periences from city planning. New friends ges in the same line of work from neigh- risinājumu šīm problēmām. to talk with when I´m trying to solve plan- bouring Baltic countries and to discover ning problems in my own city. that we are dealing with very similar urban problems.

5 Our ABC method

1. We are some 50 colleagues… 2. We meet twice every year… …municipality employed architects, city planners, engineers, social …at common seminars, normally in April and October. The host scientists from 27 cities in seven different countries. Some of us are older city for each seminar is decided in advance. The participating ci- and more experienced, some are young. We come one or two from each ties are divided into three smaller groups, so called “work pack- city. Some cities are small, some are rather big. ages” – shortened WP. Each WP takes responsibility to arrange two seminars and is also producing the seminar report afterwards. The seminar starts on a Wednesday evening, and ends on a Sun- day morning. We have no home work. We are together not more than one BUS FULL.

6.6. WeWe workwork intenselyintensely … … wwithith thesethese “burning“burning qquestions”uestions” inin smallsmall groupsgroups forfor twotwo wwholehole ddaysays iinn ttotal.otal. WeWe ppresentresent andand discussdiscuss ourour resultsresults onon SundaySunday mmor-or- ning. As a result, the host city gets many hours of expertise for a 5. We work with planning issues… very small cost. … in three or four problem areas – city blocks, chosen by the host city. We visit the places, guided by local colleagues. We then work together with “learning by doing”. We give and take – we teach the host city colleagues and they teach us. We learn from the host city colleagues and they learn from us

6 3. Together we use cheap ﬂ ights… 4. We are curious… …to the seminar host city, and we stay at the same hotel. We start …and we learn about the seminar host city very soon. The with a Get together evening when already familiar colleagues mayor of the host city greets us welcome. We listen to lectu- catch up on what is new since last time and new participants are res about the country, the planning legislations and the region presented and welcomed into our group. around the host city and of course about the city we visit All days and on one other evening we work. One evening the host ccityity nvitesnvites usus forfor a receptionreception oror dinner.dinner. TheThe llastast eeveningvening wwee enjoyenjoy a place of local treasure…

7. Our home organisation is… the Union of Baltic Cities – UBC. Within this we have our own “Commission on urban planning and public design”. We have some 50 cities in this commission. We have got strong ﬁ nanci- 8. Our dreams are about… al support by BSR InterregIIIB during 2003 - 2005. Our own … continuing our group work and build a real Baltic Acade- contribution is the time we spend at the seminars. All expenses at my of City Planning. We anticipate to receive ﬁ nancial sup- the seminar place are centrally paid. The cost of travel ticket is report from the EU for this building process during the coming funded afterwards, years.

7 The Malmö ABC seminar 5-9 oktober 2005

An introduction to Malmö Malmö is my ho- Malmö is a dynamic city in the south of metown since 1998. Sweden. Almost 270.000 inhabitants ma- During the years kes the city the third largest in the coun- I’ve lived here, the try. The geographical position and the city of Malmö has well developed infrastructure, give Malmö changed a great many possibilities, which are well reflected deal, and developed in the ongoing development of the city. in many different ways. It is exciting Since 1998, the new established Malmö to be a part of that University strengthens the city’s identity as development in such very urban, rich of impulses from every- a dynamic city. I where, and with a very young population. look upon my work as a task of great re- Malmö is the commercial centre of south- sponsibility, full of ern Sweden. Companies for logistics, retail challenges. and wholesale trade, construction and pro- perty are among the most common. City Planning as an important factor of renewal in existing areas, and I am glad success in city structure and sustainabili- that the ABC seminar work in Malmö fo- The landscape is typical for the Skåne Re- ty is obvious. We have already got confir- cused on two of these; both old industrial gion; the unbuilt areas in the surroun- mation of that we in many ways have been areas; one situated in the western parts of dings are agricultural. The nature in the successful, for one thing because of chang- Malmö and one in the eastern parts. city itself is characterized of the long beach ing the attitudes towards Malmö by dif- In Limhamn industrial area the expansi- which extends a few kilometres along the ferent measures in city planning, which on has been carried on for quite a while, city, the channel and the green big parks. have lead to an increasing interest among and continues for several years ahead. In people to move to Malmö. Sorgenfri, the tasks are quite different, but Malmö is facing an exciting future with sufficiently complex, and they demand a fantastic opportunities, but not without We need to continue the work and develop great deal of wisdom to reach success. difficulties. The city has to handle the gre- it further, not least when it comes to issu- at differences between the western and the es concerning social and economic sustai- The ABC-method of meeting, coopera- eastern parts of the city. In this work the- nability. ting and working together, is important to re is a strategic plan trying to grab hold of us. As the ABC-project is about to end, it the problems which have been the conse- In the further development of city plan- is time to use the experiences to continue quences of the segregation; the unemploy- ning in Malmö, it is a great asset to ex- the good work. ment, the economic and social exclusion, change experiences with our neighbour to mention a few. The plan is to turn it countries. Among other things, the exis- It is important to all urban development into a challenge to make welfare reachable ting cooperation is fruitful when it comes that new forms of cooperation will be in- for everybody. This work has just begun to issues of methods and sustainability. troduced. One such form, the Baltic Aca- and it aims to have an overall perspective. demy of City Planning, has already been There are many challenges for the City of presented. City Planning in Malmö – a Malmö to deal with when it comes to city personal perspective by Christer planning. Some of them concern planning I look forward to meeting you and other Larsson, City Planning Director: and building in unexploited areas, for in- colleagues in this future form of coopera- stance in parts of Hyllie and Husie, or in tion between our cities and City Planning new-built areas. Some concern continuing Offices. Malmö would fit in very well in the planning and building process in new- the project and we welcome you all to built areas, for instance Western Harbour. take part of Malmö’s further experiences Other challenges to deal with are issues of during that running project! Christer Larsson

8 Malmö seminar structure A different perspective: Anchor – city renewal example The Malmö seminar was the sixth and last Jakriborg- small scale housing from Lahti in the ABC project. The participants ar- estate causing debate rived on the Wednesday when they were introduced to the city of Malmö. There were lectures as well as tours around the city. On the Thursday-Saturday the seminar focused on working with local development sites in smaller workshops. The members of the workshops visited the former industrial areas of Limhamn and Sor- genfri and then discussed how they could During the Malmö seminar participants be developed in the future. The ideas were During the Malmö seminar, a tour to the have shared their experiences with each presented by sketches and conceptual dra- housing area Jakriborg was offered as a other in many diffewrent ways. Malmö wings on the final day of the seminar. The contrast to Malmö and as an example of and the former seminar cities have pre- city architect and the local planners invol- ongoing Swedish architecture debate. Jak- sented some of there ongoing projects, ved in the area developments were present. riborg is a part of the small village Hjä- but other cities have also had chances to Both the final developments and ideas on rup, which is situated between Malmö and do that. For instance, Theodora Rissanen process, ways in which to realize them, Lund. You pass the village easily by train from Lahti proudly presented the Anchor were presented. or bus. project, which is an important example of successful urban development in Lahti. The seminar idea and the Baltic Jakriborg is a housing estate under con- The city of Lahti is situated on the sho- Academy of City Planning struction. 300 flats are ready and will be res of lake Vesijärvi. It used to be an indu- The program for the seminar in Malmö followed by 2700 more. The debate is not strial city but became in need of develop- introduced some of the ideas of the Baltic about the small scale, which is apprecia- ment int the mid 1980’s. The waterfront Academy of City Planning, hopefylly started, and taken for granted, but about the area, some 100 hectares, was suitable for a ting 2006. In the Baltic Academy project architectural ideal realized by the two renewal project. there will be more focus on further educa- brothers who owns the land and the cons- tion of the participating planners and on truction company. It is built like a Hanse- One of the particular aims was to open lectures on topics that are relevant for the atic city, and it is the nostalgia which pro- the area to be used by all citizens, because Baltic cities. In the Malmö seminar such vokes and causes debate. until present there has been only few and lectures were introduced and given on two narrow parts of lakeshore near the centre consecutive mornings. The themes intro- The Architect and professor Thomas Hell- and free for everybody. The new vision duced in this seminar were ‘Social and quist, very engaged in the debate him- was achieved through an open architectu- Physical Integration’ and ‘Public Private self, guided the participants through the ral competition. Partnerships’. The lecturers came from the area. According to him, Jakriborg is qui- private sector, the university and the mu- te a good area. It has well defined public Anchor is now a waterfront with a residen- nicipality. Concluding discussions and de- spaces, and he points out the fact that the tial area for 4,000 inhabitants, a commer- bate added to the lectures that were given. townscape has a relaxed balance between cial area and an area with offices. There Combining lectures and workshops pro- theme and variation. He also emphasi- is also city’s Congress and a concert hall ved to be successful. The participants of zed the importance of building projects (”Sibelius-Hall”), a developed harbour the seminar were discussing the topics of which not slavishly follow the same aest- and a marina. the lectures while working on the Mal- hetic convention. Thomas Hellquist left us mö sites. with important questions to reflect more about. Is the use of pastische a kind of co- pying or interpretation? Does one type of design further a longing for urban life and another not?

9 Malmö seminar lectures

Social and physical integration keting, because of their general touch they Uffe Palludan: The Thursday’s lectures were on social and ﬁt in everywhere and nowhere at the same When we talk time. about future, we physical integration. This is a question don’t talk about common discussed in Sweden and seen as what already ex- very important to the society as a whole, According to Lia Ghilardi, Cultural Plan- ists, but about and especially important in urban areas. ning is a creative way of identifying the change and what distinctive cultural resources of a city. One could come to exist. Fantasy is of her crucial points is that every place has Kent Andersson, who is the Local go- more important vernment commissioner of Integration and its own special cultural DNA and this is than knowledge. employment directorate, and also a mem- what needs to be mapped before any stra- Knowledge only proceeds from what already ex- ber of Metropolis’ steering committee, in- tegy is undertaken. This process of re- ists. search is a tool for policy makers through troduced the theme by presenting Mal- Uffe Palludan is Director of Copenha- which they can establish a more ’democra- mö through the angle of integration. He guen Institute of Future Research. He is tic’ dialogue with local communities thus also pointed out the need for a more holis- a specialist on the Öresund Region. With making economic development more com- tic perspective. He described the usual way his lecture he described integration from a petitive and in tune with local needs, aspi- of tackling the subject, as looking at either regional perspective, and the long-term ef- rations, and potential. social or physical integration, and he emp- fects of a strategically planned integration hasized the need of an ongoing discussion, between two neighbour countries, regions paying attention to both physical and soci- Per Svensson: In- and cities. al aspects of integration. tegration is a word that is almost as Uffe Palludan emphasized the impor- easy to misure as tance of future visions when you want to the word demo- reach more integration within a region. cracy. First of all; it is necessary to see the possibility of an area as one region. In the case of the Öresund Region, this means to fo- cuse on the possibilities and the advantages of integration instead of focusing Per Svensson is one of the most engaged on two different areas in two different knowledgeable Swedish journalists in city countries. issues. He emphasized the need of economic integration as an important way of Public Private Partnership Lia Ghilardi: Every place has there own distincti- reducing segregation in society. He took Under the heading of Public Private Part- ve resources, and they are worth branding. up sceptical outlook to the opinion of the nership, we invited four speakers, with ex- need of integration when it comes to hou- Lia Ghilardi, urban sociologist, described periences of partnership buildings from sing and living. Instead of seeing segrega- a working method called Cultural Plan- different perspectives and in different tion in living as a danger, he described the ning, which can be used as a way to get a kinds of sectors. The introducer and mo- risks of gated communities tendenses in deeper understanding of a place in order derator was the former City Planning society. According to him, there’s nothing to brand it in a sustainable way. She poin- Director Mats Olsson. He gave a bro- wrong with areas where there for instance ted out the need for an interdisciplinary ad background to Malmö and the need of only live rich people, as long as the areas and holistic way of thinking about identi- partnership and through different examp- are physically open to everybody. ty and the culture of a place, and how this les he showed how partnerships can be lead to social and economic sustainability. useful as a way of developing a local area or a whole city. Lia Ghilardi described the risks of adop- ting ’cosmetic’ changes which she sees as resulting in general assumptions about places. She was also critical about the use of ﬂagship projects as tools for place mar-

10 Charlotte Ahlgren: eon functions as a door-opener. The local Eva Dalman: Someti- The more attractive and international network that Medeon of- mes it sounds too idyl- region, the more att- fers, makes the Science Park attractive to lic when we talk about ractive Science Park! partnership, like if it The more attractive companies who want to establish in the re- was some kind of al- city, the more attracti- gion. And this network had not been that truism or friendship. ve Science Park! easy to achieve in another region. Such positive effects can come out of a partnership, but the real Jeanette Berggren: An as- engine in co-operations is the advantages for one’s sociation of Town Centre organization. Management works for all the different stakeholders. Charlotte Ahlgren, Director of Medeon You have to be in their Eva Dalman, Architect, described partner- confidence. To succeed you Scince Park in Malmö, gave an interesting ships in the building sector, and she gave have to put up a strategy. overview of a partnership between science, You also have to deliver. further details about participation in Wes- healthcare, municipality and stake holders. The work gets more sustai- tern Harbour in Malmö. Medeon AB is a non-profit organization, nable if you involve the ci- She described two phases of participa- own by the City of Malmö and the real tizens and pay attention to tion organized in different kinds of public- their opinions. estate Wihlborgs. Medeon AB is the mar- private partnerships. At an early stage, the keting and development organization for Jeanette Berggren is Director of The city of Malmö involved the energy supplier the science park. Swedish Association of Town Centre Ma- in a very successful partnership, which lead She emphasized the importance of the nagement. It is an umbrella organization to a 100% locally produced renewable en- place to situate for a partnership. She des- embracing 170 members. The association ergy in the area. Another partnership star- cribed how and why Malmö as a city and arranges seminars, study tours and initi- ted as an open invitation to anyone inte- Öresund as a region is a good place to a sci- ate studies, all aiming to exchange expe- rested in investing in the area. Those who ence park. riences of town centre management and showed up formed a developer’s group. At the present, Medeon is facing a suc- town centre development.Another impor- The dialogue between the City of Mal- cessful development and according to tant role is as a moulder of public opinion mö and the developers started even be- Charlotte Ahlgren, one of the reasons is in town centre issues. fore anyone had bought any land or built the strategic place. It is situated in the city, Different cities organize their local anything, which facilitated not only the next to the University Hospital and Mal- town centre mangagement in different cooperation but also the results of the part- mö University, faculty of health and socie- ways. It can be a formal or an informal nerships. For instance, they drew up an ty. Nereby, there are green areas, restau- public-private partnership. By bringing ecological quality program and agreed on rants, shopping. The communications are together stakeholders from various sec- shared costs for the public space. extremely good. And it’s right in the midd- tors, the town centre management works As a part of a government project, a se- le of what’s called the Medicon Valley. as a hub, collecting important knowledge, cond phase of participation started off. There is also expansion area available. and creating networks with an innovative It’s called The Creative Dialogue and has Charlotte Ahlgren also emphasized the strength. The TCM combines long- and much in common with similar projects win-win situation; that the city is good for short term objectives in order to initiate around the nation. In Western Harbour, the partnership and that the partnership is actions in diverse fields. this was a chance to develop the process of good for the city. Jeanette Berggren stressed that a part- public-private partnership even more. This When it comes to structure and organi- nership has to have active members and is for instance done by sharing knowled- zation, one strength of Medeon is that it is focus on a common interest. There may be ge and a vision for the area. The process is a science park with a focus – medicine and different reasons for the different stakehol- still on, and focuses on sustainability. So health care. This makes branding more ders to work together and reach the aims, far, it has resulted in an overall agreement easy compared to what it is to a science but there is a clear win-win situation. She between the different stakeholders. park with general content. Another advan- also pointed out the importance of develo- tage is the in-house services, for established ping new working methods and relying on companies as well as start-ups. The perhaps the process. most important fact, though, is that Med-

11 Workshop Norra Sorgenfri

Background:

Northern Sorgenfri (“Free from sorrows”) is an old industrial area rather centrally located. It is situated between the city centre and the eastern parts of Malmö. The area comprises approx 60 hectares. It is developed rather extensively by small scale work places and many properties are abandoned. The area consists of big blocks, as large as 300 m × 170 m. The green structure within the area is represented mainly by dish Migration authority is situated in the the cemeteries. area in a former company office. Some NGO:s such as a collective of artists have In the northern part is the block Rönnen also moved into the area. A group of (lat. Sorbus), formerly Värnhem’s hospital, young men have built a skateboard ramp which has partly been transformed into in one of the empty lots. The same lot was student housing. In the north towards the for a period of time the gathering site for railroad is the residential block Katrine- many homeless persons, sleeping in tents lund, built in the 1960’s. To the south of and an old caravan. the residential block is the shopping center By organizing a workshop, the City Plan- with supermarket Willy’s and other retai- There are some problems to consider in ning Office hoped to get inspired and get lers. Nearby, there is an allotment-garden the area. For instance, the industrial acti- some new concrete ideas. area. In the west are the bus garage and vities have in some lots caused contami- offices of E.ON (energy company) and nation of the soil. The continental railway The participants started off with a guided gas works. For the rest, the area constists line runs through the area, which causes tour lead by Joakim Axelsson and Chris- of mixed industrial businesses, but also heavy freight traffic, including dangerous tina Andreasson, architects, City Plan- many empty lots. There are large as well goods. The area has also been associated ning Office. Then they arrived at the Con- as small companies established within the with cases of black economy and street ference Hall at the City Office, to start the area. The thoroughfare Nobelvägen cuts prostitution. workshops. The participants were divided through the area from north to south as a into two different groups and the results of great barrier between west and east. The Task: the groups are presented separately below The city of Malmö is working with a vi- the text. A characteristic feature in the area is the sion for Norra Sorgenfri. The comprehen- diversity of many different industries loca- sive goals are: ted here, something that has been the case • New development allowing for integra- over the last 100 years. tion between the eastern suburbs, for example Rosengård, and the city centre In recent years the area has become home • An area suitable for living and small sca- to other activities but industrial and com- le offices mercial purposes. For instance the Swe-

12 Workshop Group 1 During the opening discussion, the participants talked about the crucial facts about the area, and they used them as a starting point for planning proposals: • The area is situated in the central parts of Malmö • Existing structures may be used • There are good connections with the surrounding areas • There is already lots of infrastructure • There are restrictions to consider, for instance because of the railway • There is a need of more flats in Malmö • The green cemeteries are a supply • The area needs some kind of attraction • It is important to brand the area ze the conflicts between housing and risky ne the most important public space with a Visions factors and problems with ownership. landmark. The time for a vision to be implemented was suggested to be 15-20 years or more. First step should be made at the bus facili- The group recommended multifunctio- The flexibility and ability of the area to be ties area. Spectacular and successful deve- nal use of the area: housing, offices, re- developed step by step as well as sustaina- lopment at the bus facilities area could sti- tail, non-polluting and non disturbing bility of the structure was also noted. It mulate and enhance the interest of further industries, offices in 2,3,4 storeyed buil- was very important for the group to find developments in the rest of the Sorgen- dings. Some greenery and factories should the way to enhance social and physical in- fri area. A theme to be multiplied in other be kept along the railway as a buffer-zone. tegration and create connection between blocks that would underline the identity of A new railway station near the crossroad two city grids. Changing the image and place would be created. with Industrigatan was also discussed. reputation of Sorgenfri, through giving a new character to Nobelvägen and Indu- The Nobelvägen and Industrigatan cross- Detailed Structure strigatan to generate activities and making road (roundabout) would be the heart of Combination of public and private life the area a popular inner city district with the area, ”pumping the blood within the in the neighbourhood was proposed by mix of dwellings, job opportunities and Sorgenfri blood system”. It would combi- the workgroup. The group stated that the entertainment was also stressed.

Main Structure The group suggested to create a pattern of smaller quartiers to make it possible to develop the area in stages and try to minimi-

13 block-structure should be kept and completed with new “inner block” streets. Pe- destrian paths should be connected with public spaces inside the quarters (in cour- tyards), and also continue across main streets and open spaces for city and community events. Pedestrian public spaces network should be underlined and enhanced by architecture. The participants stressed that shops and other “attractions” should be promoted along the streets.

The planners also stated that cemetery should have more openings to the pedestrian links and should be continued in the green pedestrian paths. The workgroup participants recommended that some of them would be continued within the quarters as open public spaces. Cemetery paths network shows the possibilities and the ways to divide the quarters into smal- • Many nice buildings with high quality in the district, functioning like a park ler ones. that should be respected when making new establishments After this run-through, the participants Green paths was also noted to be strengh- • No human scale did a brainstorming about what to put in ten to create a connected network of green • A smaller structure is needed to the area, and then they continued in areas. • Lot of trafﬁc smaller groups to raise important issues • Lack of public space and come up with proposals. Finally they The group also suggested that existing • The cemetery and the whole area could all assembled and exchanged ideas and buildings should be examined in case that be scary at night came up with a joint proposal. they could be reused. • Lack of interesting landmark • Mixed productions The group presented questions of identity Group 2 • It is like an island in Malmö, not inte- as a main topic. They pointed out the im- The participants started off by descri- grated with the town portance of considering the existent cha- bing spontaneously what they had noti- • The cemetery is an important green area racter of the area when renewing it. They ced about the area during the guided tour. Among other things they mentioned the following:

14 trance (may be a centre and a link to east) • Connect the existing green belt of cemeteries • Create a new service area for Malmö (recreation, sport, skating, roller area, park) • Make a broad green bridge • Organize trafﬁc in a new way, new station, slow down street-trafﬁc, make roundabout • Let the new blocks be in a human scale • Make a higher quality to space by up- grading the green in the streets. • Make a quality program for the long run

Agneta Hammer, City Architect in Malmö, comments: The seminar and the results of the work- saw a need of strengthen the identity of Preserve high qualitative buildings and shop are very useful for the further work the district. Making an inventory and an design new buildings with rough and in Malmö to develop the northern Sorgen- analysis of the existing conditions would similar character like the existing buil- fri Industrial Area. The main impression be a startingpoint. But at the same time dings is that it is amazing how well the working there is a need for an analysis of the lacks • Something special is needed in the area, groups could capture the main topics in and what to put into the area in order to to profile it and to make people visit the area and bring forward thoughts, ide- give it a clear identity easy to brand. To Norra Sorgenfri as and suggestions for the future develop- succeed with this, they stressed the need of • Divide the greater blocks into smaller to ment. a landmark or public activities to get visi- walk through and get a human scale Many of the ideas strengthen the ide- tors to the area. Because as long as people • The green structure is important. Our as that have been stressed in the work that don’t visit an area, it remains rather ano- vision is a green corridor from the gra- already have been done in Malmö. Others nymous and with a vague identity. veyard towards the city centre. Change were new ideas to consider. the industrial plots, which are barriers, Common for the thoughts in the groups The participants stressed the importance of and replace them with green areas were the importance of developing the saving some old buildings to get a feeling • Reduce the traffic. Make promenades, area step by step being started with either of the history, but also to use them as a way roads for pedestrians and bicyclists. something spectacular or something that of branding the character of the area, and • A shopping mall is needed put the public interest on the area. There they suggested that new buildings ought to • to get the area more interesting for visi- should be a multifunctional use and a qui- be influenced by the existing ones. tors, we suggest an activity centre in the te small scale. Important is also the idea warehouse and a transformation of the of a new railway station near the crossro- • Analyse which buildings are reasona- bushall into a sports-facilities’ place. ad with Industrigatan and Nobelvägen. To ble to keep and map information. Try create a connection between the two cities to give a new life for some old buildings They presented their visions as concre- grids are crucial in a comprehensive Mal- remembering the history at the same te ideas: mö view. Some useful thoughts about defi- time • Switch the old well-known name Sor- ning the target group for future residences • Give ideas which let the area develop genfri Industrial Area into Sorgenfri were discussed. What are the different ro- step-by-step Dwelling les among the stakeholders in the area and • Work with mixed blocks, small scale. • Integrate railway function for a new en- how should the work in partnership be or- ganised where other crucial questions.

15 Workshop Limhamn industrial area

Background The Limhamn industrial area is located by the sea in the southwest of Malmö. The area belongs to the district of Limhamn, which used to be a separate community until the beginning of the 20th century, when it became a part of Malmö. The Limhamn industrial area is a large area, where the businesses that the district was founded upon – ﬁshery and cement industry – are still located.

The area is demarcated in the north by the blocks Glasbruket and Cementen, and by a heating plant in use during wintertime. The block Glasbruket will be transformed into a housing area and Cementen will become a business area. In the north part of the industrial area, south of the heating plant, the cement works area is located, containing large silos and industrial buildings. Along the eastern border there are railway tracks, previously used for trans- ports to the cement works. South of the cement works the road Övägen, leading to an artificial island, is located. This island will be transformed into a housing area in the future. South of Övägen lies the old the cement works, a relatively high level of fishing harbour of Limhamn. The har- exploitation is necessary. The area should bour is still in use and has kept its unique have approximately 1000 apartments and charm and many of the original buildings there is also a demand for more small boat from when it was founded in 1882. The berths. harbour also houses the Limhamn-Dragör ferry terminal, not in operation since the Workshop Group 1 building of the Öresund bridge. Next to After a visit to the site the group was as- the harbour lies the small block Gråsejen, sembled at the city hall. At first the discus- which is also a part of the area. Here the sions delt with the existing structure –try- remains of the very first lime kiln from the ing to understand the area’s relation to 18th century can be found, and also an of- Limhamn city centre and the surrounding fice building and a small park.

The entire area has been shaped to ﬁt the industries, with very few aesthetical regards. The functions have decided the present structure. But now the area is facing new challenges: the industrial era belongs to the past and there is a need for new functions. To ﬁnance the moving of

16 al structures as an offspring for new addi- General ideas can be extracted from the tions. The proposal is based on the sense proposals. Almost all groups try to esta- that the area today, already, has immense blish a closer connection to the Limhamn qualities. Moving inside the area offers an city centre. One way of expressing this is experience not found everyday. to preserve the “Limhamn scale”. A need of linking the green belts north and south By keeping the buildings and reprogram- of the area by extending them through ming them for new uses, these qualities and around the harbour is expressed. Most are kept at the same time offering lots of of the proposals use landﬁll, land modera- space for additions. tion, to extend the seaside qualities to larger areas. As one group expressed it –turn Another important part of the proposal is Limhamn closer to Öresund. a green belt linking the recreational areas All groups keep the existing ﬁshing har- north of the site with parks and the water- bour. All groups suggested reuse of the in- city. What are the main roads of Lim- front south of the area. This link follows dustrial buildings and silos. An example hamn? Is the railway in use today? Will the remaining railroad creating a green of new use are a cultural centre or maybe, the industrial activities be kept in the area? zone between the existing city centre and why not! a BB King Blues Centre. Who owns the land today? the new areas.

As sketching starts the group is divided The system of transport is redrawn in one into several subgroups. As a result of this of the proposals. A new tram is sugges- there’s not one discussion. Each group in- ted, serving the entire city and integrating vestigates different questions, members Limhamn and the site with the Malmö shift places and form new groups: city centre.

One group explored the possibility of en- hancing the waterfront qualities by bringing more water into the area. By suggesting a system of canals, bringing water closer to the Limhamn centre, more areas with the highly desired water contact are created. This increases the feeling of Limhamn being situated on the shoreline. There’s also an idea of a closer linkage between the new area and the existing city. The proposal for Glasbruket is not taken into consideration though it’s suggested orientation of buildings and building scale is preserved.

One suggestion contains a network of landﬁlls outside the area, extending the shoreline and creating several artiﬁcial is- lands. A structure of waterfront housing is created with a close connection to the sea and maritime activities.

One group used the existing industri-

17 Workshop group 2 The group started off by brainstorming, raising important issues and sharing ideas. During this introduction, the following was discussed: • Are the industrial buildings important to the area? • Is a structural solution our issue? • Is there a “master pattern”? • Can we create something just as inspiring as that which already exists in the area? • This could be the heart of Limhamn – an attractive place – a green connection • Should there be bridges to the island? • Should the project comprehend more than housing? • Should a channel be constructed? • An “Urban Waterfront”-theme should ﬁt well for the area and such a theme would integrate the area with the city centre and its channels • Urban structure is needed; this could The participants were engaged in issues Concerning the road Övägen, the parti- include the island concerning the structure of the buildings cipants emphasized that the sides are im- • Keep the three biggest silos situated in the block Cementen. They agreed that portant, because they are often forgot- along the road Övägen and use them as the buildings should be lowest near the ten when it comes to planning . They also dwelling houses. The silos could beco- water, and highest in the direction towards suggested that an architectural competi- me an important landmark in the area the rest of Limhamn. They suggested a tion should be held for the planning of the • Functions needed in the area seems to sculptural structure. landscape around the old railway. be housing, schools, business, and recreation

The group discussed the area in relation to the rest of Limhamn and came up with different ideas of how to strengthen the identity and make the areas connect. For instance, the old ferry terminal could become a shopping centre, or a ﬁsh market, which would be useful for the rest of Lim- hamn as well. Small ofﬁces would bring activity to the area during daytime. The road Övägen is an important axis in the area and could be developed as a commercial street.

The old railway tracks could become a green connection suitable for both pedestrians and bicyclists.

18 Comments: Soﬁa Öreberg, architect, City Planning Ofﬁce:

As always, it is refreshing to experience how new perspectives of an old project both can inspire to new ideas, but also conﬁrm that old thoughts are, somewhat, correct.

The Limhamn industrial area has been a challenge for us for many years now, and as realization comes closer, there is always a risk that the main idea – the essence of the structure – becomes less obvious. Prac- tical issues, such as environment factors, measurements of the trafﬁc system or ﬁ- nancial priorities, tend to take all the focus. After the ABC workshop, with the analysis and ideas that were presented, I was reassured that we are still on the right track.

I was strenghtened in some of our vague ideas of what structures and spaces that are important – with a dozen highly quali- ﬁed urban planners pointing out the unique qualities of Limhamn harbour, we must deﬁnitely preserve them!

The participants were engaged in issues concerning the structure of the buildings in the block Cementen. They were agreed that the buildings should be lowest near the water, and highest in the direction towards the rest of Limhamn. They suggested a sculptural structure.

Concerning the road Övägen, the participants emphasized that the sides are important, because they are often forgot- ten when it comes to planning. They also suggested that an architectural competition should be held for the planning of the landscape round the old railway.

19 Footprints from Kolding (April 23-27, 2003)

A B D C D E F G H I J K Kolding is situated in an attractive posi-

E45 Århus tion in south-eastern Jutland at Kolding Mod Vejle

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- v B Lø elv d

ej e Bjergbyvej

ke Vejrupsgade æ ak ej

eest B Rib r S V

Konst e t Brandes r

Georg d parken 49 Digter Hansens y rs coast of the inlet is in great demand. Bagge- b ej Sk e sensvej - V ipp

Seest Bred gade Hauchsvej ej . Kiør Tøndervej Sønder Oehlenschlægersvej W Seestvej boes V Munkens- Ågade

dam Sydbanegade 53 Grundtvigsvej 97 Skamlingv

91 ejen Kløvervej vej 126 jvej Åkjærs- 74 Skamlingvejen Lyngsvej Hostrupvej 71 V Bellahøjparken Husmer randerupvej Sct. Michaels - gyden Karo line- Bjælderbæk Alhambra Gade Fredensg. Teglgårdsvej 35 Bellahø Stejlbjergal Clemensgade gade - Holbergsvej plads Ottosgade Park- Fabersvej vej ej 38 Bjerggade vej Hollænder D SCT. o n Hedvigs rings

m vej Fru Jyttes vej Nybyvej Kolliinsgade vej hu

angsvej sgad Heibergsvej e

indal Domhus- V

Ewaldsvej Dalbygade iol

S vej Chr. 10- Kongebrogade

Ingemanns parken sens V sens H.C.Ander ej Mølle- V Brunebjerg lé Irisvej Løvsp

gade Flora stie V Along the south coast, nature preservation Godthåbsvej Blichers Steen vej vej Bredevej vej Fjordvang Galateavej olkerts V Anemonevej irketoft Tøndervej 61 vej T Titaniavej Stejlbjergvej i 62 Agtrup Midtsko

Tværvej K 73 oft n 7/21 holm

Tvedvej Primulavej Rosen- Lunavej Vinkelvej Hans Haves Borthigsgade Riis T g vvej Skråningen Marie-

Hylkedalvej Schjørringsvej V v Skellet Seestvej 102 Svin- ej gade Thorkilds 47 Top- Hjelmsvej Agtrupvej vej e get 32 Ting- je 123 n Snerle- pen stedett Tulipanvej Borch sti e parken tg ks ng es år 48 Beate Bec Læssøegade 94 æ Se dv vhø v Stranden e Vej o j y - j Sk Møllesti B S Solbakken Billund- Dalen Fjord ø Rebæk ddelen Gyvelvej Strandbakkenbakken b vej n a Bellevuegade u Snerle- k ken Safirvej Hans Becks Jens R L haven Sæteren

ykkegårdsvej almuevej Hylkevæ Vej Skyttes V

sterbrogade

Liljevej V Drachmannsvej

Rubinvej Vej Ø angen Hestehaven has hindered an urban development. To- urkisvej orgmester Hegnet El-Vej Bakke-

nget T Bene- Brinken B Aabakken Bytoften Syrenvej Lien Skan- vangen vænget

diktes Dreyersvej rændkjærgade Højskolevej Thurasvej K ej o Engen Opalvej ng sen B Klintevej Mosen vej ofts T e 68 Søren aubersvej h Kjærs T V usv opasvej Kærmindevej 86 ej e j Snerlevej Anne- Nellikevej

vej Im 10 V Friis Holbergsvej Maries Blochsvej ej m

J. L. Hansens a

Vej Piledamsvej V vej Peter T Krat nuel

93 Hans svej Løjpen

vænget

Humle-

ej vænget hus Kaprifolie-

Solvang Tavsens Gl. Tved

Nyhegnet

Mogens vangen

Chr Syd

Bellisvej vænget

Hyben- Vej vej Brændkjær A.M.G. Brunebjerg Margrethes Eriksens ej Idyl ej V Ingridsvej vej Rømø Schous .

116 kesvej Dyve- parken 77 sti Rømøvej 7 88 Lupin Fjeldparken Jovavej Sdr. V ang Nord- Peter Helts Sti borg- Højer Bal- Hertug Abels V Junghansvej - lum- 101 Erik Glippings V vej vej . Ringvej vej V parken

Carl Plougs V day the coast areas are of national interest. Dybbølvej gade olmersvej Sdr rederik Agtrupvej . Kongevej F Agervæn

ej Dag- Haderslevvej Henrik Ran

Sdr Frederik 2 V Idyl bakken

Hylkedals- Sønderborgvej Ege parken mars- ej Grøn fsvej Christian 3 V Åbenråvej vej get Skamlingvejen

ej dalsvej Christof Bøgevænget

A.L. Johansens Ha V ns ej ud ens Romerparken

Enevold Sør ej Skovly Kn Vej tzaus vej Dr Rudevej Eliassensvej Brandorf 51

Christian 4 V ej ej dingvej Alsvej ensens V Rød Dannersvej . Dorotheas

Rektor fer V

M. Larsens M. Kettingvej ej Kildevang Bruuns Christen Bergs V Sigbritsvej ej ej

V Broagerve j Sct. 2 V

Gråstenvej Sankelmarkvej

Istedvej Sundeved ej Knudsvej Elbjerggyde Kildeparken Edv Laus V Skovgærdet

Møllegær

V ej Bakkegærdet ej é

Asmus ej l

El Philipsens Mariesmindevej l

V Lundgær Langagervej m Frands Sørensensej A

e V Gormsvej l lu y Aagærdet 52 d ej I n den ej Konr Jørgensens det

V fs V Dieselvej ej rken Konsul

Mosevej Ef det V Beierholms Tandholtvej Peter Bjolderupvej 10 Idyl 11 Haraldsvej Værkstedsvej Jelsvej

Grønholtpa Ravnsbjerg Besides the urban areas Kolding Munici- 125 Dalbyvej 170 Thyrasvej Fabriksvej

Maskinvej Indu 81

strivej 1 Smedegade Amfiscene

Tankedalsvej Jernet

onsildvej V

vej pality covers a large rural area. One forth Olgas Allé Stenderupvej Gejlhavegård Dalby Strårupmark 65 Krogen

Tønder Skamling 12 Terlings 25 Allé estervej of the population of the municipality live Ambolten vejen

113 89 Alleen Nøddebo 119 Skartved V 117 Essen

144 Stenderupv e j in the rural area. In total the municipality Gl. Skar Essen tved Agtrup Oksevej Sdr. Bjert

Østerskovvej Gammeltoft Lindgårdsvej

Sønderjyske Motorvej

Springbjerggyde Solbær Blåbærvej T Brom ytte Hind Enebærparken

bær bærvænget bær - stretches over an area of about 240 km2. vænget - vænget 13 vænget Pilekæret rgade

Dalbyvej

Langesund ions- Skartved Ove Stat sild Vævertoften Von vej Østervænget E45 Flensborg 42

Mellem- Hjarupvej laden Smede-

bakken ysholm L 104 Vestervænget Langholm Møllep a rk en Vonsild

Folehaven T

Svanevang egl

par Hoppesvej Delken Kolding is situated in one of Denmark’s Midtkærvej ken Skamlingve Vyffsvej

onsildvej 79 V

Hjarupvej oftevænget 134 T jen 14 Catolhavegyden

Hoppesvej most important trafﬁc junctions. Dalby Skovvej

a Solsikkehaven

n r

c u

Rapshaven L Lykkeshave

Hoppesvej 170 Haderslev 15

Hoppesvej

There are 63.000 inhabitants. 100 m

The themes of the workgroups Workgroup 2, commerce and infras- Workgroup 3, Sustainability in new Workgroup 1, sustainability in urban tructure: housing schemes renewal´: • Possibilities • How to organize the planning? • New use of old building structures and • Central and external commercial cen- • How to work with ﬂexibility? restore housing schemes tres • How to add quality to urban area? • Reaching the waterfront

20 Two of the three working groups pointed at the same theme viz; “Water To The City, The City To The Water”.

We started a project aimed at rejuvenating the recreative qualities of the areas along the banks of Kolding Aa, a stream that runs through a park, a lake and to the harbour.

The concept was to let the stream follow a tunnel under the railway line. Glass walls along the tunnel would make part of the river bed visible from within the tunnel thereby affording pedestrians walking to and from the railway station a sight of a ﬁsh ﬁlled underwater life.

Unfortunately this project did not get the necessary attention because of ﬁnancial constraints on the tunnel work.

Instead all energy was used on the area between the castle, the lake and the railway station.

A design competition was held and all 5 entries had worked with the theme –“Wa- ter To The Area”.

The winning project proposed a small pond, fountain, water vapour and running In the open place in front of the railway station a new building is under construction. water. crossings. The idea is to give the 13 exis- hieved our goal of bringing “The City To Even though our working group has not ting bridges and the 2 new bridges similar The Water”. attained its goals, it should be noted that characteristics and the establishment of a we have made considerable progress in the connection with a pedestrian street along Construction work on the ﬁrst bridge will theme of bringing “Water To The City”. the banks of the stream.. commence in 2006

Kolding City Council has commenced As for the bridges, the main idea is that Even though we in the city council knew work on another “Water-To-The-City” all bridges should in one way or the oth- the inportance of “The Water”, the semi- project involving the construction 2 brid- er, be characterised by archs or the circu- nar opened up new perspectives. Though ges and refurbishment of 13 bridges across lar shape. the main ideas may not be brought to life, the stream Kolding Aa. preliminary footsteps in bringing “Wa- This project has been going a bit slow. ter To The City, The City To The Water” Today there are 13 bridges crossing the There are many parties involved, but the- have been taken and parties working for stream; 2 of them are railway bridges, 2 re is some progress, and when completed the city council are now fully aware of the are pedestrian bridges and 9 are street (many years from now) we will have ac- concept.

21 Footprints from Vaasa (October 16-19, 2003)

The City of Vaasa was founded in 1606 by King Charles IX of Sweden at the oldest harbour and trading point of Ostroboth- nia. After the great ﬁre in 1852, when the old densely built city with wooden houses was almost completely destroyed, it was decided to rebuild the new city on the se- ashore seven kilometres westwards.

The provincial architect, C.A. Setterberg, drew up a city plan. The baselines for the robothnia. Besides these scientific educa- The profile of Vaasa should be more ac- plan were inspired and influenced by the tional institutions there are also two insti- cented. One way to do that could be to es- empire city planning style and fire securi- tutes of higher vocational education. The tablish a significant landmark on Vaski- ty regulations. The grid street plan, mar- number of students exceeds 10 000. luoto Island - some type of unique and ket squares and underlined status of public attractive high quality architecture that buildings were typical for an empire city The ABC-Seminar in Vaasa would attract visitors from all around the plan. The five wide esplanades and fire al- The ABC-seminar in Vaasa was held in16- world, i.e. a “World Heritage Centre” to leys, which divide the blocks, were partly 19 October 2003 and was focusing on the display the unique land uplift phenome- planned from fire security regulations and theme “Cities as Regional Engines”. non, a high-class congress-, opera and con- partly from architectural reasoning. cert hall, or some other profiling land- The workshops mark, yet to be invented. However, if this The forces of the past Ice Age still have The first workshop was held on the subject is to be done, it must be done with a very a strong effect in the Vaasa region today. “Development of the Regional Attraction” high ambition. Comparisons should be The land is assumed to have risen 250 made with landmarks like the Sydney metres since the glaciers melted, and is ex- Opera House or other landmarks posses- pected to rise a further 180 metres unless sing the same level of attraction. a new Ice Age occurs. The annual land uplift is about one centimetre. The sho- The second workshop was held on the reline moves out quite considerably every subject “The significance of developed year in the shallow waters of Vaasa. traffic infrastructure in the region”.

Vaasa today represents the educational, As a main centre in the Ostrobothnia re- cultural and tourist centre of Western Fin- and the two most important conclusions gion, Vaasa generates 330 000 journeys land. Vaasa is also a many-sided industrial from the workshop are: per day, most of them by car. Due to geo- city offering good possibilities of develop- graphic reasons most of the traffic, also ment especially for the international en- The municipalities in the Vaasa region the heavy traffic, goes into or through the ergy industry. The population of Vaasa is should focus more on the regional aspects city centre. The public transportation sys- almost 57 000. Bilingualism is very per- of their actions. More effort should be tems are sparsely developed. Good parking ceptible in the every day life and an advan- spent on developing the co-operation bet- solutions are on the other hand supporting tage for the city and its development. ween the municipalities. The opportu- the city centre vitality. Some of the work- nities to create a stronger regional profile shop group conclusions are to improve pu- Vaasa has centuries old traditions as a and attractiveness for the Vaasa region, in blic transportation. The existing ideas of a school and educational city. The city’s competition with Helsinki, Tampere and new traffic centre close by the railway sta- educational flagship of today is the Uni- other parts of Finland, could be improved tion and to extend and connect the pede- versity of Vaasa. There are also two Swe- if a joint development strategy was outli- strian zone to the traffic centre are steps dish units of higher education; the Swe- ned and local policy-making was imple- in the right direction. The group propose dish School of Economics and Business mented according to it. to take advantage of the rather short dis- Administration and the University of Ost- tances between the different city areas and

22 build some strategic bicycle paths to in- the area into three zones and permitting crease the travel by bicycle. An other pro- new high-rise buildings at the southern- posal is to use and expand the existing most part of the area. At present, the pos- railway lines to develop a local train, con- sibility of developing the mid-zone into a necting the city centre and nearby residen- culture centre is being investigated. The tial areas with the Vaasa knowledge parks, new alteration of the town plan is be- the airport, the Academill and Vaskiluoto ing made at present and is expected to be island, with its harbour and recreation fa- completed by the summer, 2006. cilities. The best small-scale investments The third workshop worked with “Re- operation across the municipal borders. newal of the former garrison area of Va- VASEK was founded at the beginning asa”, where the military activities ended of 2004. The company’s aim is to work in 1998. Together with the Orthodox towards the development of the entire Va- Church, the former military garrison area asa region, comprising 11 municipalities. forms some really precise and characte- During 2004, VASEK built-up a develop- ristic squares in the town centre. On the ment strategy focusing on commercial life, whole, the area with the wooden barracks and during 2006 a regional service strate- is an example of outstanding art in terms gy should be formed. of town planning. The whole well organi- sed composition of land and buildings ap- Another theme that the workgroup took- During the workshops many proposals for pears able to withstand quite radical new up concerned the development of residen- small-scale investments were made. They uses. As function follows form, the rene- tial areas along the shores in order to make are very different in size and some of them wal programme can start wherever it is Vaasa more attractive. This discussion were actually big-scale investments. One wanted most, without knowing the fi- has been taken further and now there are interesting proposal, made by the second nal result for the whole area in detail. The plans for residential areas along the shores, workgroup, possible to realize, was the cre- most important aspect is to choose new both at Vaskiluoto and at the housing ex- ation of a walkway between the library functions, which are well suited to existing hibition area at Suvilahti. and the pedestrian zone. This way, called buildings and their surroundings. The “The culture alley” is already drawn in the area can be divided into three zones. It ap- The other group suggested the develop- comprehensive plan for the city centre and pears that the more southwards you walk ment of a local railway from the har- the first part of the alley is implemented. in the former military garrison area, the bour to the airport. This suggestion has At the moment a detail plan for the block bigger the changes in the environment you been researched and a development plan next to the library is under process. A par- might be allowed to make. It will be an has been made. However, due to the high king lot will in three year be transformed exciting and rewarding task to work with costs involved, any potential implementa- into a housing block, with “The Cultural the renewal of such an area, and to be able tion has been postponed for reconsidera- alley” dividing it. to mix new uses with the existing town tion at a future date. The group also sug- plan and architecture. gested an expansion of the pedestrian area. The pedestrian area has been expanded, In the third workgroup some good and re- alistic proposals for the garrison area were The footprints of the seminar although not as much as the group sugges- made. A very interesting proposal was to It is too optimistic to believe that a one- ted, and the market square is ready. create a special flag for the area. Another day workshop can create new revolutionary was to make signs, informing about the ideas and planning suggestions. One can Since the Garrison Group worked with a history of the area. say that the largest benefit of the seminar more concrete subject and a more defined was to confirm our own ideas, and to noti- area, interesting ideas developed during ce that we are going in the right direction. the workshop. City planning has concen- trated on the following ideas: keeping the The first workgroup suggested a closer co- avenue known as Kirkkopuistikko as the most important axle in the city, dividing

23 Footprints from Liepāja (April 21-25, 2004)

LIEPĀJA – an overview The task: Liepaja is located in the western part of How will we get life back into the area Latvia, on the eastern coast of the Baltic again, once the access to the Portside is Sea. Liepaja is the third largest city of Lat- provided now? via. The city was mentioned in the histo- The question is – how to encourage, up- rical documents for the first time 1253. It hold, and make ones believe and others received town rights in 1625.Total area is to change their habits? How to maintain 60,4 km2. The Population of Liepaja, was the scale and keep the intimacy of backy- in 2003 86476. The density of population ards here? (inhabitants per km2), in 2003 was 1432. The housing takes 29 % of the area. The WG3 Revitalisation of former Military waterfront has a total length of 65 km. City: Housing for Karosta A huge area, actually- a completely self-con- The city has an overflow of lands. This be- develop this site in a sustainable way, con- tained town itself has been created and ex- cause of two main reasons. Liepaja used sidering environmental, social and econo- isted for almost 100 years, depending sole- to be the largest navy base in the Bal- mical issues?. ly on military base. 10 years after removal of tic and much of the territory was used for How can we get a planning structure troops we are still on our way to adopt it as military needs. But after the withdrawal which provides the best and well balan- an inbred part of the city. of the Soviet Army, 1/3 of the land lost ced mix of housing and other functions, its old function. The other reason is that of built up areas and land-/water-scape, of The task: most of formerly extensively used civil in- urban and nature? The bank of Channel is, definitely, a po- dustrial lands are in the process of transi- tentially exclusive site- southern exposu- tion, too. WG 2 Revitalisation of historical re to the waterfront with the possibility to blocks at Veca Ostmala (Old Portside) develop some boat marinas. How to deve- The city of Liepaja has been taking lots An old and once romantic area between the lop this site in a sustainable way? Should of initiatives to develop the city. A strong very centre of the town and Old Portside. it be developed as a housing estate? Or strategy which combines city planning ef- It became abandoned because it had been left as public landscape? What functions forts, infrastructure investments and eco- cut off from the waterside by a wall that was should be there? nomic solutions to attract investors is star- built. It was once the busiest area in town. ting to give results. One of the crucial Ships, sailors and goods came and went, issues for Liepaja is revitalisation of exis- each bringing a piece of The Big World with ting blocks and built areas. If this will suc- them. Some of the oldest buildings in town ceed, Liepaja has good chances to a very are still here. good urban development.

The workshops of the ABC seminar WG 1 Revitalisation of mass-housing blocks from 80-ties in Ezerkrasts (La- keside) A wasted territory between two rather boring typical housing districts from Soviet time provides unique opportunity to develop new housing area with better solutions.

The task: The Lakeside and wasteland is, deﬁnitely, a potentially exclusive site. How could we

24 Footprints of the seminar (one and half a year later) WG 1: Revitalisation of mass-housing blocks from 80-ties in Ezerkrasts (La- keside) The limits of ongoing planning project have been extended to include the whole coastal zone of Liepaja lake. Now it turns out to be a more comprehensive study of Lakeside’s ecological values, recreational and housing potentials. Some ideas, inspi- wetland’s ecosystem from recreational pres- Although not completely fi nished yet, still red during our seminar- as green corridors sure and creating a natural buffer-zone. the fi rst stages of reconstruction won the along the Lakeside and green links to the National prise for The Best Design of City centre are incorporated in the plan. Other WG 2 :Revitalisation of historical Landscape of the Year 2004. initiatives came up inspired by the ideas blocks at Veca Ostmala (Old Portside) of Lakeside development perspectives. The reconstruction of the Portside prom- WG3 Revitalisation of former Military enade itself was continued. Started 3 years City: Housing for Karosta The plan for the particular site discussed ago with breaking down the wall and con- The future of this site is still under discus- at our seminar is completed now. Mixed structing the “bridge” platform, now it sions, depending on whether or not a Ma- development of housing of different height spans another few hundred meters con- rine training centre is going to be develo- and some local businesses are grouped necting the re-opened Seamen street to the ped in the place. along inner green pedestrian street leading portside and town’s centre. from Main Street to the waterfront. Lower Still other parts of Karosta district are ex- groups of row-houses are facing waterfront Like it was advised in seminar’s proposals pecting dramatic changes while this parti- still leaving space for public access to the a brand new pavement, benches and light- cular site is waiting for the future. water and natural landscape. The primary ning were erected. school, kindergarten and special housing Few kilometres north where the rest of re- for elderly people are planned on the plots, In the focal point, closer to the centre a mains of former military buildings meet owned by city. sculptural object- “The Amber [Sand]- the excellent dunes and pine forest there glass” was erected. Few years ago the citi- is a site for recently planned village. It is Down at the lakeside a public marina and zens were asked to donate small pieces of planned to house mixed society- starting a small beach for swimming in the lake amber picked up on the beach. People was from villas on rather large plots to more are planned to serve as a local recreation extremely responsive and now the whole dense row-housing, all close to the sea facilities. pile of Tears of the Sun (as amber some- and forest. Sites for local community cen- times is called) is representing thousands tre with day-care centre for kids and some A strip of lake’s protection zone is strict- of moments in the fl ow of Liepaja time in services and local business are planned as ly separated from the housing by artifi ci- the sandglass. well to provide mixed use and more livea- al channels, thus preventing the natural ble environment.

25 Footprint from Viljandi seminar – Culture, nature and built environment 22.09 – 26.09.2004

Introduction –The town is situated are many empty spaces in the town cen- in the Southern Estonia on the Saka- tre, sites now turned into parks or less de- la Upland. The population of town is signed green areas. Lossi Street, previous- presently about 21 000.This region is ly the old town main street, has to find its well-known for its beautiful nature and own character now that Tallinn Street has rich cultural life.Viljandi Castle Park become more important. A development lies on the slopes of the primeval valley can be influenced by detailed and thema- and these good landscape conditions tic planning as well as by local regulations enabled to develop Viljandi already like parking fees. long time ago – the town has a history of 720 years. A beautiful lake Viljandi Viljandi is spread out and it is necessary also lies in this valley and the lakeside to make the town space denser. To increa- is the right place to spend sunny sum- se the quality we have to activate the land mer days or snowy winter time. use. In the town centre we have to build better car parks. The citizens should have lieu values. At the beginning of 20th cen- Master plan better opportunity to use a bike. tury Kantreküla livened up due to the rail- In the Viljandi master plan concentra- way station and became important for the tes a lot of its ancient landscape and defi- Members of the workgroup thought that it town. Kantreküla had a human scale as a nes green corridors in the town and deter- is necessary to keep the development in the living and working area. Today it has be- mines the rules to handle theses. There are old town balanced - green and living areas come a slum for poor people. It is neces- defined public function areas and all ar- are mixed with public and business func- sary to develop modern infrastructure and chitectural requirements on buildings and tion areas. It is very important to think revitalize the old housing district. Today objects outlook. The Master plan take care about different age groups and to offer va- we are against demolishing these wooden of green landscape areas, which allow to rious activities. Next year construction will houses and if it is unavoidable then we re- create beautiful views, opportunities for begin on a kindergarten in the old town. quest to build new one in the same scale resting and spend leisure time and new re- Small scale investments and with an old style street line. creational areas. 2. To reduce parking places. To build up pedestrian areas (it could be like paradi- Kantreküla needs a new attraction, Workshop I - Connecting the se for senior citizens). Result - We plan to though. The aim is to improve Viljandi’s historical town with the town build Arkaadia garden, but still mostly for reputation as a nice place to live and Kan- centre - Tallinn Street children. treküla is one of cheapest way to get a home in human friendly environment. 4. To define the historical Town Wall and Small scale investment •Pedestrian streets make it visible (for example, to show that are needed for connecting Kantreküla to in the cobblestone pavement). See you historical town. about it in footprints. Workshop III - Viljandi Lake, Workshop II - Wooden ecological lakeside development and green housing: restoring and areas and their connection to the constructing new town Nowadays gentrification process is going on in many towns. It is a phenomenon of revival in old abandoned working-class district. Today gentrification process is be- Tallinn Street is becoming the main street ginning in Kantreküla. in the town centre. It is close to the old town and new centre area. The old town In addition to Viljandi’s old town, also Viljandi have interesting and enjoyable has burned down repeatedly and there Kantreküla has a long history and mi- conditions of landscape and nature. It is

26 evident to enhance the natural situation Valuoja valley is for town the green cor- It is mean for pedestrians and there have and to work out such a strategy. ridor line going through the town. At the marked the town wall, the moat with overall scale it is one of the main links bet- fountains and waterline for kids and is in- The beach and waterfront of Lake Vil- ween county green networks. Masterplan tended to make place for being. New deve- jandi is currently a space for leisure. The- idea is to connect again all these diffe- lopment have bring in with buildings aro- re should be dwelling houses, public areas, rent parts in this corridor. It is planned to und the garden. entertainment facilities etc. Old Viker- build new path for pedestrians and bicy- kaare restaurant should be used as a pu- cles along the valley. In these points where 4. SPA hotel- swimming pool repla- blic centre. the path crossing existing street network is ce of old Vikerkaare restaurant nearby proposed to build tunnels, which is neces- the lake Nature around the lake and at the connec- sary to make over the two main viaducts Viljandi has a great natural potential to ted streams should be designated as green develop even more beautiful and enjoya- corridors, where only existing buildings 2. Viljandi’s old town and its develop- ble town. In lakeside had famous Viker- and structures should be used for new de- ment kaare restaurant built in 1970. Today it is velopment. Result - Both of suggestions have The old town and the centre of Viljandi abandoned and owner plan to build in the brought to life concerning with master plan have been lucky to retain medieval street same place new SPA-type hotel and swim- and SPA hotel. net until today. The town wall has been ming pool complex. demolished during the 18th century. To- Reserve lake area for development of recre- day it is quite diffi cult to follow the town 5. Viljandi’s outer ringroad is un- ational purposes and public access to the wall - therefore we have to bring out the der discussion how to keep town centre lake vital for a development strategy for wall and display it again. more car-free. One part of motorway still Valiant. missing in north of Viljandi. It is question today – do we need this roundabout aro- Keep traffi c away from green corridors - und the Viljandi or not? crossing traffi c lanes generate pollution and nuisance for the residents and the nature. Small scale investment Illuminate castle ruins

Five actual City development projects: 1. Pedestrian and bicycle path in Valu- oja valley The Middle Age Town wall and the moat in the right. 3. Arkaadia garden is a place between historical town centre and new one. It is inside of important old town quarter and is one town government plan to activate the old town again.

Viljandi’s outer ringroad

Green corridors and network areas The plan of Arcaadia Garden in the Old Town

27 Footprints from Gdynia, Poland – Cities as regional engines (April 20-24, 2005)

Gdynia is one of the youngest cities of Poland but Gdynia is also the 12th biggest city in Poland with a little bit more than a quarter million inhabitants. Gdynia is the biggest not region capital city in Poland.

The history: In 1918 Poland just gained independence and Gdansk received a status of a Free Town. This gave reason for the Polish authorities to decide upon the creation of a new port – a port within Poland. Gdynia - had for centuries just been a village and was built from scratch in the late 20’s and 30’s”. It received the city status in 1926. Although Gdynia is associated with mari- Gdynia of today time economy, it also has a culture to of- Nowadays Gdynia is an important centre fer. Musical Theatre is the only one in the of maritime administration, science, cultu- Pomeranian Region and the best musical re and economy with industries producing stage in Poland. air conditioners, machinery, food products and IT, the seat of Polish Navy Headqu- arters, a home port for the biggest Polish tall ships and a capital of Polish sea sailing. Port is still being developed. For instance a new container terminal is under construction. Gdynia Shipyard Group is also very important for the municipal economy.

Together with other communes Gdynia carries out programme of improving conditions for yacht tourism – some new marinas are going to be built or to be moder- nised.

Gdynia is a leader in successful applying for EU’s funds. The most spectacular investments are two very important roads that create convenient access to the port from the rest of the country. Technologi- cal Park with 3 blocks: IT, designee, bio- technology has been also supported from Phare founds. Gdynia has also received money from ERDF for developing ecological public transport system which consists of bus and trolleybus lines.

28 The workgroups themes: There is a chance that the complex Group 3: New proposals for the Group 1: Redevelopment of post could enhance the future development and Plymouth Square harbour areas let the city space extend towards the Dal- The task of the working group was to con- The waterfront location close to the city mor area. sider how the Plymouth Square could be centre of Gdynia gives the pier which used developed, and to what degree private in- to be utilised by former Dalmor fisheries Group 2: Revitalisation of vestors could be attracted to participate in a great potential for new utilisations. To housing quarters in the city the development process. connect the area with the city by develo- centre ping the axis towards the city centre and Gdynia’s central district is a place where The workgroup identified the Plymouth the railway station. To develop the water- the inhabitants’ principles meet the city Square as a gateway to the city centre by front area step by step into an attractive centre clients’ and workers’ needs. This locating important functions, such as a mix of housing, public utility, and com- causes a number of conflicts that can be City Hall building and a commercial commercial buildings, together with develop- reduced through maintaining the balance plex there, and by improving the connec- ment of public space. These are ideas gi- between public and private interests. The tion between the site and the railway su- ven by workgroup, for putting the Dalmor group stated that public discussions about burban station. The suggestion of the Pier area into new use. the concepts of revitalisation methods working group both attempted to preserve were essential for changing the situation in the important value of the green area and Small-scale investments: the housing quarters in the city centre. acknowledged the utilisation pressure and • Creating access to the breakwater pier (a a need for a larger City Hall building. bridge or a small ferry) for pedestrians Small scale investments and a possibility to walk along it close to In the streets: renovation of facades to re- Small scale investments the water. establish their historical look with all their • The pedestrian path and the bicycle lane • A pier boulevard. typical details. from the railway station to the Plymouth In the courtryards: the green barriers to Square, equipped with clear information Workshop 1 – results separate the public and private spaces. signs. The Dalmor area is still not available for all • The commercial segment in the new City pedestrians but the discussion has been un- Workshop 2 – results Hall complex could create a financial dertaken. As the first step, there is possibi- The City of Gdynia is about to start elabo- surplus to finance non-commercial parts. lity to open it for public during special oc- rating study of local conditions and princi- A form of “PPP” should be established. casions and events. ples of spatial arrangement of the city cen- In the nearest future situation in the tre. Among others, the study will help to Workshop 3 – results southern part of the space concerned by indicate housing quarters that need to be The City of Gdynia has already begun the workgroup 1, (in the closest neighbor- revitalized. In the revitalization process, preparing the project of local development hood to the Dalmor area) will change. Ac- public discussions, as well as various analy- plan for the Plymouth Square. The work- cording to the approved local development ses, are expected to be essential. group ideas given during the seminar will plan for the area described above, the in- be taken into consideration during the de- vestor will start the realization of the mult- sign process and preparation of the plan. ifunctional building complex. Conclusion The seminar in Gdynia drew attention of city authorities to some aspects of the planning problems and brought new ideas how to solve them. So far, (since April) actions described above have been undertaken. City planning is a long-term process, so it is obvious, that we will have to wait for the next steps and results.

29 Planning and building laws in Baltic

There is not such a thing as a Baltic Sea Region model of planning. There are some important differences between the BSR countries. Especially Denmark and Germany could be grouped together as countries which put much importance to national control on land use. In most of the Baltic Sea Region countries physical planning is first and foremost a municipal special- ty. The BSR countries (except of Ger- many) are unitary states. Poland has one more administrative level between the state and the county (voivodeship), known also as province in Europe. Fin- land, on the contrary, has an additio- nal level between the county and local self-government performing limited functions – regional council. In Fin- land and Estonia there is no regional self-government, in these countries pact whatsoever neither in rural nor in urban areas. However, in Latvia and Estonia Finland the county administration is a regio- The Finish planning system has been for example, a comprehensive plan in ru- nal branch of state government. In the reformed during the last ten years. The ral areas may prescribe restrictions to en- other countries regional self-governme- new Land Use and Building Act ente- tities as well as binding land use and buil- nt exists, in some of them in parallel to red into force in 2000, it has reshaped ding requirements. Subordination of a the state administration on the county the planning system and become the more detailed plan to a more general one level. basis for physical land – use planning. is strongly fixed in some of them while in The new planning system in Finland Sweden, for example, the requirement to The planning laws in BSR countries are opened better opportunities for public observe comprehensive plan in preparation very different in scope and detailed con- participation. The interactive approach of a detailed plan is rather lax. To balance tent. For example, the Danish and Estoni- includes participation with all indivi- the hierarchy, the majority of countries al- an planning laws are quite small in volume duals and institutions whose living and low modifications of a more general plan while the German law is very bulky, con- working conditions will be affected by through more detailed plans. This adds taining a number of specific regulations. the plan. In several countries the government enfor- flexibility to the planning system, makes it respond faster to changing needs and more ces supplementary regulations in addition The main aim of this act is to increase pu- interactive in character. to the law. The differences between natio- blic participation in area development at nal planning laws are the smallest maybe the local level, enhance sustainable deve- in national planning and county/regional Added to the presentations of the lopment and to delegate decision making planning. Sweden is an exception here, be- planning legislations from each of to local authorities. Local authorities are ing the only country where national plan- the countries below, architect Chris- given more power and independence in ning is not included in the law and where ter Liljemark at the City Planning Of- land use planning matters. The system has regional plans do not get prepared, alt- fice here in Malmö, has caught the three levels of land use plan: hough the law regulates regional planning. main planning ideas in each country. 1. the regional land use plan Divergence in national planning acts be- The Pencil stands for Creation and the 2. the local master plan comes more distinct with comprehensive Shield stands for Defence. The pencil 3. the local detailed plan and local plans. For example, in Sweden and the shield could also mean somet- comprehensive plans have no legal im- hing else ……. There is no national plan in Finland. The

30 Government formulates national land use isting building stock, as well as ensuring guidelines which are implemented mainly that there are enough parks and local re- through regional plans. The national land The pencil might creation areas. In the light of public rights, use guidelines cover the whole country and be a javelin, detailed plans must not reduce the quality include requirements on the quality of the standing for range of anyone’s living environment without a living environment, ecological and eco- very good reason. nomical development of the community structures, the preservation of the natural values and the built heritage, sparing utili- zation on natural resources and functional communication networks. They also give Sweden In Sweden, planning is mainly decen- guidelines for balanced settlement structu- In Finland, the local government, the mu- tralized and a municipal concern. The re, transport and other main infrastructu- nicipal council, has the exclusive right to regional level (county level) isn’t that res and environmental issues. They ensure initiate, carry out and adopt local mas- strong formally as regards spatial plan- that the issues of national importance are ter plans and local detailed plans. Both lo- ning in Sweden. On a national level taken into account in planning and deci- cal plans should promote a well functio- there are steering documents and gui- sions on land use regionally and locally as ning community structure, good access to delines, but the interpretations and de- well as by government authorities. services and prudent management of the cisions mainly take place on the muni- natural and cultural heritage. The gene- cipal level. Regional Councils in Finland are the sta- ral guidance of community structure, land tutory joint municipal authorities. The use and the siting of various activities are The pencil might be a main tasks of regional councils are: the provided by a local master plan, which is lance, standing for management of regional development approved by the municipal council. The accomplishment work, responsibility for regional develop- planning object can be the whole muni- ment and for regional planning and ta- cipality or a part of it. Depending on the king care of the international functions needs, the local master plan can be either a under the Regional Development Act. Na- very general strategic plan or a more detai- tional and regional goals are expressed in led one for direct regulation of building. regional plans which are the only plans to The local master plan is used to resol- be submitted for ratiﬁcation. The regional ve questions concerning the functionality plan is prepared and approved by the re- and economics of the community structu- gional councils and ratiﬁed by the Minis- re, the accessibility of services, the preser- try of the Environment. The basic objec- vation of natural and cultural values, and tive is that the regional plan implements the quality of the living environment and national land guidelines. The legal impact the reduction of environmental hazards. The legal structures contains of the En- of the regional plan itself is that it must be Municipalities may also decide on joint vironmental Code and the Planning and taken into account when planning, prepa- master plans, regulating road planning, Building Act. The Environmental Code is ring or amending local plans. While the and the siting of retail trade, workplaces, an “umbrella” for the Planning and Buil- plan is being prepared the special attention and residential areas. Such joint plans re- ding Act and others acts concerning the is given to ensure that there is an appropri- quire the approval of the Ministry of the physical environment that came into for- ate regional and community structure, to Environment. Local detailed plans, such ce 1999, replacing several separate laws. preserving landscape values and ecological as town plans are used for regulating buil- The Planning and Building Act is the le- sustainability, and to providing the proper ding, the formation of the physical towns- gal framework for the comprehensive operating conditions for business and in- cape and size and type of the buildings. and detailed planning. The law describes dustry. It should also show transport and The planning object is a part of the muni- what the plans should contain and how technical infrastructures, protection of na- cipality where development is needed. The the planning process should be organi- tural and cultural heritage and promote emphasis is on taking local conditions into zed, with for example taking the interests the availability of recreation areas. account and promoting the use of the ex- of the different stakeholders into consideration.

31 block, a part of an estate or similar. The The pencil might be bridge, Swedish Ministry of the Environment has detailed plan is decisive for the building used for reconciling and the main responsibility for spatial plan- permits, and also a tool for the caretaking civil inﬂuence… ning. The Ministries of Agriculture and of the built heritage. Industry are responsible for planning related issues such as regional development There are several models of the public in- transport planning and agricultural poli- terests that have to be taken into conside- cy. The state authorities are responsible for ration within the spatial planning system formulating policy objectives and seeing to in Sweden. It is important that the public, that the decisions following these objecti- and the representatives of all the different ves are implemented. The National Board interests, have a say in the planning pro- of Housing, Building and Planning, the cess. This is regulated e.g. by the system National Rail Administration, the Na- with remittance authorities in the permit General rules for spatial development in tional Road Administration and the En- process, and by the fact that the plans have Poland are of constitutional nature, show- vironmental Protection Agency are the to be exhibited and open for comments, ing that: state departments relevant for spatial plan- protests and such, for a time period befo- 1. spatial development management is the ning issues. Among their tasks is to moni- re being decided upon and implemented. main role of public authorities; tor and evaluate the implementation of go- The demands on the planning process for 2. local government carries out tasks vernment policies. ensuring openness and democratic struc- which are not reserved for other authori- tures are formulated in Planning and Buil- ties; On the regional level Sweden is divided ding Act. Plans have to be sent to remit- 3. communal authorities carry out all the in 21 counties. The county administra- tance authorities, such as political parties, tasks that are not reserved for other orga- tive board is the regional state authority, national authorities, NGO’s, museums etc. nizations; commune provides for meeting seeing to that national interests are taken and exhibited in public for a certain time the community’s collective needs, in parti- into account in planning, that laws are im- period, allowing everyone the possibility cular: spatial order, land management and plemented and that governmental directi- to appeal it. The remittance authorities re- environmental protection. ves are followed. Issues like implementing present different sector interests, such as the national regional development policy, the caretaking of the cultural heritage, ac- Poland National spatial planning is per- transport policy and environmental policy cessibility for disabled people etc. formed by the main and central organs are the responsibility of the county admi- of the State (the Parliament, the Council nistration. It is possible to make voluntary of Ministers, the Government Centre for and the plan unbinding. Strategic Studies; Minister for Spatial De- velopment, Housing and Housing Econo- In Sweden the municipalities have the Poland my; the Governor - a representative of the “planning monopoly”. They develop com- The new Spatial Planning and Deve- Council of Ministers in the Region). Self- prehensive plans covering whole munici- lopment Act in Poland was passed on government spatial planning is carried out pality and presenting the existing func- 27th March 2003. The Spatial Plan- by: 16 Regions, Counties in limited scope tions and the long term aims for land and ning and Development Act provides and 2,478 Communes. water management. The comprehensi- for spatial order and sustainable deve- ve plan is not binding, but is supposed to lopment as the grounds for taking up A local government of a region in Poland contain up to date guidelines for the futu- actions. There are three levels in the formulates and carries out spatial policy in re development, and to be renewed when spatial development planning: the na- the region; a local government of a coun- necessary. The decision to renew it is ta- tional, regional and local ones. The ty carries out analyses and studies; a local ken by the politicians at least once during planning process provides opportu- government of a commune formulates and their term of ofﬁce. The detailed develop- nities for co-operation between many implements local spatial development poli- ment plan covers parts of the municipality different institutions on many levels, cy within the commune. The plan is made and is binding. This kind of plan is prepa- and it also constitutes an open plat- by Marshal of the Region and adopted by red when change is expected in a building form for public participation. the Regional Assembly of the Region. A

32 part of the Regional Spatial Development of the project with environmental impact the protection of the country’s nature and Plan is the Metropolitan Area Spatial De- assessment, public discussion about the environment, so that sustainable develop- velopment Plan, determined within the project, possibility of submitting remarks; ment of society with respect for people’s li- National Spatial Development Concept. an executive body is obligated to consider ving conditions is secured. Obviously the The Plan is implemented through the Pu- all objections, and the remarks have to be planning process is highly political, deal- blic Investment Implementation Program- considered by the legislative organ before a ing with shaping the future human envi- mes, supra-local aims and objectives, tasks resolution is adopted. ronment based on public debate and the of the regional self-government, creating balancing of different interests. and giving opinions on local communal documents; entering investments tasks The planning system is based on the prin- into local documents, financial support ciple of framework control, signifying that for investments of other entities, including Denmark the plans at lower levels must not cont- communes and counties. In Denmark the Planning Act dele- radict planning decisions at higher le- gates responsibility for spatial plan- vels. But the objectives and the contents of The Local Planning basic documents in ning to the Minister for the Environ- planning are different at the three admi- Poland are: the Strategy of Commune De- ment, the 14 county councils and the nistrative levels. velopment (optional); the Study of local 275 municipal councils. The Danish conditions and perspectives for spatial de- planning system is divided into natio- In Denmark regional plans - with policies, velopment of a commune; Local land-use nal, regional and local levels, with an maps and land use guidelines for the total plan; Analyses and studies, conceptions extensively decentralized delegation of county area - are established by an over- and programmes; Long-term investment responsibility, placing the decision-ma- all assessment of the future development plan. Study of local conditions and per- king power and administrative compe- of the region. The plans must contain gui- spectives for spatial development of a com- delines for the designation of urban are- mune defines communal spatial policy The pencil could as, the location of large public institutions, and is the basis for real estate management become a mast, used for large shopping areas and major traffic and within a commune. The Study is carried progress… infrastructure facilities, the location of out by the Communal or Municipal May- major projects and enterprises having spe- or and approved by a respective Council. cial environmental requirements and, finally, guidelines for both rural land use The Local land-use plan constitutes the and recreational and environmental pro- local law, compatible with the local Study tection. which defines land function and principles for land management. The local land-use The municipal plans in Denmark are pre- plan is appended with a financial impact pared on the basis of an overall assessment assessment and is a basis for administra- tence at regional and especially local of the present and future land use, eco- tive decisions making, including a buil- levels. nomic resources, and with due regard to ding permit. The Plan is worked out by the local sectoral planning. The plans de- the Communal or Municipal Mayor and The key feature of the planning system in termine the future development of urban approved by a respective Council. Denmark is the obligation for both county communities for housing and working as Executive bodies of public administration and local (municipal) authorities to each well as environmental conditions, infras- carry out the planning process with parti- establish, adopt and revise comprehensi- tructural facilities and the supply of public cipation of other bodies and institutions. ve structure planning and a set of land use and private services. The plans serve two Public participation in planning process regulations totally cover in their respecti- main functions: a political tool, as a strate- is the widest on the local level, it also con- ve areas. The plans are revised every four gy for controlling development and envi- cerns regional level – including in parti- years. The objectives of the Planning Act ronmental adaptability, and a legal tool, as cular notification of the initiating of plan- are to ensure that planning synthesizes the a pattern for land use administration. The ning process, possibility of submitting interests of society regarding future spatial municipalities have the right and duty to remarks and proposals, public presentation structure and land use and contributes to provide local/neighborhood plans to en-

33 sure implementation. These binding lo- 4. different types of spatially effective sec- cal plans include maps and detailed land Germany tor planning. Spatial planning in Germany is a sys- use regulations for a minor neighborhood tem of planning levels (the Federation, area. Local plans have to be provided pri- Concerning the federal Leander, the Fede- federal states, municipalities) strict- or to larger developments and investment ral Regional Planning Act aims at extensi- ly separated from each other as far as works. The local authorities may also pre- ve planning programmes, but the Leander their legal responsibilities and tasks pare such plans whenever they wish to is- is able to define concrete design for their are concerned. According to the fede- sue detailed planning regulations. The territories on their own. Within the regi- ral principle of the German state, the plans are binding on the land owners, but onal plans, central places, main develop- planning system is decentralized. The the plans regulate only future transactions. ment and transportation axes are named outstanding feature of the decentra- as well as areas of supra-regional of federal lized German planning system is fact Rregional, municipal and local plans have interest become designated. They deter- that the Federation itself has no com- to be submitted for public debate and for minate areas in which certain goals have prehensive and legally binding spatial public inspections and objections befo- priority, for instance nature and landsca- planning instrument. The federal sta- re final adoption. This provides for public pe conversion, local recreation, agriculture tes have legally binding planning in- participation in the planning process at all and also flood protection. This statement struments at their disposal. levels. On the other hand, there is no opp- of regional plans are primarily meant to ortunity for an appeal or inquiry of the be specified in sub regional plans for parts The pencil contents of an adopted plan, even the bin- of the Leander but serve at the same time might be ding local plans. The adoption of a plan as binding statements for municipal plan- used when is conclusively determined respectively by shaping and ning. On this basis the municipalities fi- the county and the municipal councils modelling…. nally decide on concrete land-use within and there is no compensation to land ow- the framework of their planning compe- ners for any development limitations the- tence. reby incurred. The procedures of public participation mentioned above are regar- ded as adequate for the legitimacy of the political decision. The consequence for the Latvia development process is that, if a project or The planning system in Latvia is four- a development proposal is consistent with Spatial planning in Germany relies on fe- level. There are four planning levels adopted planning regulations, there will deralist and specialist co-operation ins- in Latvia - national, regional, district be no further delay for implementation. tead of hierarchical and centralised decisi- and local planning level, each represen- on-making. That is why a comprehensive ted by territorial plans in appropriate This process includes public participation, spatial planning programme does not exist scale. and the development opportunities are fi- for the whole federal territory (Federal Of- nally determined by the municipal coun- fice for Building and Regional Planning). The pencil is maybe a cil. However, the result of the planning pointer, stressing the process is not the planning document it- The Federal Regional Planning Act (1998) regulations.. self, but the overall resulting state of con- formulates the principles and goals of spa- ditions. The system finally determines the tial planning as well as guidelines such as control of appropriate development to be sustainable spatial development. The fede- exercised through building permits, per- ral Law contains a co-ordination between mits for subdivision and permits for sec- different planning levels, namely: toral land use where consistency with the 1. the Federal Government, planning regulations are checked as part 2. the Leander (federal states), of the permits. Control of actual develop- 3. the municipalities and ment and environmental improvement is therefore available.

34 The spatial planning system main- vernment or the County Governor. Coun- ly is regulated by Spatial Planning Law Estonia ty Government is held responsible for the There are four planning levels in Es- (22.05.2002.) and specific regulations preparation of the plan. A county plan is tonia: national, county, (municipal) of Cabinet of Ministers which are set for prepared either for the whole territory of a comprehensive and detailed. On the each of planning level. The conception of county or a part thereof. The plan may be one hand the planning system is hie- the spatial planning in Latvia is related prepared for several counties or parts the- rarchic, i.e. the more detailed plan has to elaboration of long-term planning do- reof on the agreement of the county go- to observe the valid more general plan. cuments – territorial plans which are en- vernments concerned. On the other - interactive, i.e. in case a forced in accordance with established le- more detailed plan requires modifica- gal procedure. There is both textual and Towns and rural municipalities must have tion of a more general plan, the neces- graphical information about current use of comprehensive plans. As of today the due sary change comes into effect with en- the territory and defined planned (permit- date for plans to be produced has not been forcement of the more detailed plan. ted) use of the territory and its restrictions determined yet. All entities from the Na- in territorial plan according to its planning tional Government to private individuals level and type. can make proposals to initiate comprehensive planning. The need for production of National Plan in Latvia determines natio- the plan is identified and the relevant task nal interests and requirements for use and given by the municipal Council. Local go- development of the whole territory of the vernment organizes and finances produc- country. tion of the plan (which in practice means that the municipality does it with its own Plans of five Planning Regions in Lat- resources or orders it from a consultant). via determine development possibilities, It also organizes communication with the trends and restrictions of the territory of public during the planning process. Com- these regions. District Plans of twenty six prehensive plan is prepared for the territo- The pencil can districts determine development possibi- ry of a rural municipality or city. Compre- be used as a lities, trends and restrictions of the terri- pole, used when hensive plan may be prepared for several tory of these districts and design current surveying… rural municipalities or cities or parts the- and define planned (permitted) use of the reof on the agreement of the local go- territory, as well as specifies requirements, vernments concerned. A detailed plan is a territories and objects of higher planning plan that is prepared for a smaller part of level. Local Plans determines develop- The need to produce a national plan in a town municipality and is the basis for ment possibilities, trends and restrictions Estonia is identified and the relevant task building activities in the short term. of the territory and design current and de- given by the Government and the Minis- fine planned (permitted) land-use, as well try of Environment is held responsible for as specify requirements, territories and ob- the preparation itself. The national plan- jects of higher planning level. Detailed ning policy statement is an outline for the Plans specify the requirements of the land- physical development of the entire territo- use set by the Local Plan within designed ry of the country. territory. Comprehensive plans determine the parts of rural areas where detailed The law does not constitute the obligation planning is mandatory. of county plan production in Estonia. The need to produce a county plan is identified and the relevant task is given by the Go-

35 The Steering Committee for the UBC Commission on Urban Planning and Public Design

Lars Brattberg, Tomas Sikström and Jussi Kautto have been the members of the Ste- ering Committee in the Commission on Urban Planning. Their engaged work and their inspiring attitudes have meant a lot to the UBC and the ABC. All participants in the ABC seminar showed the greatest gratitude for the work they have done and the important roles they have played for the development of the ABC project and the Commission on Urban Planning.

During the Malmö Seminar, these three very wise, engaged and inspiring men re- signed and were thanked with applauds, hugs, speeches and gifts.

A new Steering Committee was elected. The former steering committe of the UBC Commission on Urban Planning and Public Design The persons to take over are Gvido Prin- Tomas Sikström, Jussi Kautto and Lars Brattberg cis, Riga (chairman), Lettland, Sirpa Kal- lio, Helsingfors, Finland, Gunilla Kron- vall, Malmö, Sverige, Peter Hee, Kolding, Danmark, Lars-Göran Boström, Umeå, Sweden, Jonas Jakaitis, Vilnius, Lithuania, Marek Karzynski, Gdynia, Polen. One of the ﬁrst issues for the new committee is to work for a continuation of the international cooperation among city planners.

The new steering committe of the UBC Commission on Urban Planning and Public Design: Gvido Princis, Sirpa Kallio, Gunilla Kronvall, Peter Hee, Lars-Göran Boström, Jonas Jakaitis. Absent is Marek Karzynski.

36 The Baltic Academy of City Planning

The project Baltic Academy of City Plan- In these processes of transition the work An Academy of City Planning can contri- ning (BaltAcad) will raise the competen- of city employed architects and planners bute to all these needs. City planners have ce of city planners and at the same time are essential. They make important deve- limited opportunities to improve their set the foundations for a BSR transnatio- lopment factors understood and taken into knowledge enough on their own. nal institution (in this form also referred action, which increases the qualities and to as the Academy), led by municipality attraction of the city. This is to be done The Academy will be a transnational mee- needs. It aims to enable planners who deal during a decreasing public economy. New ting place where colleagues from cities and with city development issues to broaden partnerships and new working methods countries around the Baltic Sea together their competence and knowledge. It will between private and public participants can study the development of the spati- focus on today’s most important questions will become necessary, and will also crea- al planning processes in Europe and learn for the future of our cities, and on neces- te a positive climate for new ideas and new of experiences made by other colleagues sary new working methods. The composi- qualities in city development. and institutions. The project will by a se- tion and the content of the Academy will ries of common seminars and joint WP- be set by the municipalities themselves, to A sustainable development and a more de- meetings create an Academy, and on the guarantee that local needs of the BSR ci- mocratic Europe will be enhanced by cre- way towards that enhance competence and ties will stand in focus, with a bottom-up ating meeting places where people can knowledge among planners of today, from perspective. meet, listen and learn by each others. This the participating cities. is recently stated by the EU 1st vice chair- The cities of Europe are playing increa- man Margot Wallström. Meetings bet- BaltAcad is a free-standing development singly economic roles, with most of the ween people take place at physically vi- of the ABC Project – Alliance of Baltic Ci- last years’ economic growth located to sible localities. It is up to the municipality ties. The value of the large transnational them. More and more people live in cities. employed architects and city planners to network built by the ABC-project will live The cities are increasingly important for a continuously supply with the necessary on, and the ABC-method of “learning by sustainable development and growth, also conditions for such localities. doing” in city development will be used in the surrounding regions and rural areas. and further developed.

For further information about the ABC or the Baltic Academy of Planning, please contact the Steering Committee of the Commission on Urban Planning in the UBC.

Gvido Princis, Riga, Latvia e-mail: [email protected] Sirpa Kallio, Helsinki, Finland e-mail: sirpa.kallio@hel.ﬁ Peter Hee, Kolding, Denmark e-mail: [email protected] Gunilla Kronvall, Malmö, Sweden e-mail: [email protected] Lars-Göran Boström, Umeå, Sweden e-mail: [email protected] Jonas Jakaitis, Vilnius, Lithuania e-mail: [email protected] Marek Kazynski, Gdynia, Polen e-mail: [email protected]

37 Participants at the Malmö ABC seminar

Name City Country Mail address

Peter Hee Kolding Denmark [email protected] Georg Unna Kolding Denmark [email protected] Connie Hviid Kolding Denmark [email protected] Ole Östergaard Aarhus Denmark [email protected] Malle Reinloo Pärnu Pärnu [email protected] Ûlar Saar Pärnu Estonia [email protected] Jaana Hämarik Tartu Estonia [email protected] Ruth Kurss Tartu Estonia [email protected] Marko Männik Viljandi Estonia [email protected] Leelo Saar Viljandi Estonia [email protected] Markku Antinoja Espoo Finland markku.antinoja@espoo.fi Kari Moilanen Espoo Finland kari.moilanen@espoo.fi Christian Ollus Espoo Finland christian.ollus@espoo.fi Paul-Erik Stenros Espoo Finland erik.stenroos@espoo.fi Ann Holm Vaasa Finland ann.holm@vaasa.fi Juha-Matti Linna Vaasa Finland juha-matti.linna@vaasa.fi Sirpa Kallio Helsinki Finland sirpa.kallio@hel.fi Jussi Kautto Helsinki Finland jussi.kautto@hel.fi Theodora Rissanen Lahti Finland theodora.rissanen@lahti.fi Sakari Leinonen Tampere Finland sakari.leinonen@tampere.fi Veikko Vänskä, Mr Tampere Finland veikko.vanska@tampere.fi Ritva Nummiora Turku Finland ritva.nummiora@turku.fi Uta Jahnke Rostock Germany [email protected] Carsten Nielsen Rostock Germany [email protected] Andreas Schubert Rostock Germany [email protected] Ineta Buka Jekabpils Latvia [email protected] Rita Ansule Jurmala Latvia [email protected] Mara Kalvane Jurmala Latvia [email protected] Ugis Kaugurs Liepaja Latvia [email protected] Gunta Snipke Leipaja Latvia [email protected] Mara Liepa-Zemesa Riga Latvia [email protected] Tom Martin Miller Riga Latvia [email protected] Gvido Princis Riga Latvia [email protected] Dace Sture Riga Latvia [email protected] Jonas Jakaitis Vilnius Lithuania [email protected] Ryszard Bialy Gdansk Poland [email protected] Maria Koprowska Gdansk Poland [email protected] Paulina Golebiowska Gdynia Poland [email protected] Jacek Pocwiardowski Gdynia Poland [email protected] Staffan Lindholm Kalmar Sweden [email protected] Martin Storm Kalmar Sweden [email protected] Karin Elfström Linköping Sweden [email protected] Lars Brattberg Malmö Sweden [email protected] Sabina Dethorey Malmö Sweden [email protected] Åke Hesslekrans Malmö Sweden [email protected] Gunilla Kronvall Malmö Sweden [email protected] Mats Jakobsson Sundsvall Sweden [email protected] Håkan Magnusson Sundsvall Sweden [email protected] Lars-Göran Boström Umeå Sweden [email protected] Olle Forsgren Umeå Sweden [email protected] Tomas Sikström Umeå Sweden [email protected] Fredrik Idevall Örebro Sweden [email protected]

38 Experiences

Participants at the ABC Malmö Seminar 2005-10-09 – 2005-10-01.

We are very thankful to the BSR- Interreg If you are going to develop your way of But it is necessary that methods not only III B who have contributed economically working, if you are going to try new met- are inherited, but also develop along the to the ABC-project and made it come true. hods of city planning, you must have the way. possibility to test them in an inspiring at- Ideas are free, but realizing them cost. mosphere. The practical work is a crucial The participating cities in the ABCpro- Without the ﬁnancial support, the deve- issue of the ABC-project. ject have, together with other cities in the lopment of ABC had been impossible. UBC, discussed the possibility of taking The ABC-project is based on the idea that advantage of the experiences by building The seminar in Malmö was the last in the all participants in a project are needed and a new project to develop new methods for ABC-project, a project that is about to end. important, and that the results depend cooperation in a Batic Academy of City But in another way, it isn’t ending. Proces- on their active participation. The project Planning. We are sure that our knowledge ses do not end. They continue. One of the needs the knowledge of every single par- from the past years’ cooperation is impor- reasons why the ABC-project has been suc- ticipant. Every participant is at the same tant to utilize. cessful is because the method is about star- time both teacher and student. The parti- ting processes. The seminars have been in- cipants are together forming the project. Consequently, we have the knowledge of spiring and fruitful. The project is about This is a strength as long as you have a how to develop methods for cooperation in doing something, and doing it together. method which works. And our does. city planning issues. We have the network and the possibility to make it grow. We It is about sharing experiences and know- There is an ongoing need in the UBC-ci- have the will and the vision. ledges. The way of working is about lear- ties and the EU-countries to face urban de- ning from each other. The way of meet- velopment key issues in an adequate way. What we have learned from the ABC- ing is about understanding. The feeling of The knowledge we have acquired in the project, is that there is a need for projects fellowship which exists within the ABC- ABC-project needs to be spread and used which emphasize development of methods project is together with the method a gua- in projects to come. Already, we have no- for cooperation, learning-by-doing, net- rantee for good results. The essence of the ticed that local, national and international working and competence improvement. project is to develop city planning by actu- cooperations have been inspired by us, and We have formulated a new idea for such a ally doing it. People don’t join our seminars use similar methods while working with project. just to talk about what to do. They do it. city planning projects.

39 Colleagues as consultants

If you have a Strategic Planning problem in your home city, get in contact with the UBC Commission on Urban Planning. We offer you help, not only with solutions concerning the result, but by suggesting how to proceed from the point of your problem to the wished result.

The usual way One often used way, when the leaders of a city face a problematic situation is to arrange competitions between planners and architects. Mostly the winners present elegant models and pictures showing the new situation in the city when the program is fully realized. Then the city leaders ask themselves: how shall we now proceed? Now you must turn from project to process.

Our way We offer you qualiﬁed consultancy on how to proceed and solve the planning problems along the process. We are city-employed architects and planners from all Baltic countries. We are familiar with the processes in city planning. We have a large supply of knowledge, experiences and creativity. We’ve been working together for some years and learnt a lot from each other. By mixing planners from different countries and cities, you get the strength of every single person’s capacity and knowledge, and the strength of the group’s dynamic working process, exchanging experiences and ideas along the way. This working method is well reﬂected both in the solid solutions and the innovative ideas we offer.

An example We can offer you a group of four architects and city planners to come to your city for three or four days to a total cost of 6000-10000 €.

Background The ABC-project has been a co-operation engaging about 50 city-employed architects and planners in 27 cities around the Baltic Sea during three years 2003- 2005. We have received ﬁnancial EU-support through Interreg IIIB. Our way of working is in greater detail presented in this report. We aim to develop our network and working method even more through starting a Baltic Academy of City Planning during the coming years.

Get in contact with us Your city may be a strong part in our coming work within the UBC Commission on Urban Planning. If you need support from our group, please contact one of us.

Gvido Princis Lars Brattberg [email protected] [email protected]