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2 PUBLIC SPACE Th is time I will leave my settlement And seek a new vision in a foreign place Knud Rasmussen, myths and legends from Greenland PUBLIC PUBLIC SPACE 2 Th e Familiar into the Strange c JUUL | FROST Architects Public Space as a Catalyst for Change SPACE 2 Copenhagen 2011/2009 All material is protected by copyright Project management The familiar into the strange Helle Juul: Architect t MAA, Ph.D., co-founder JUUL | FROST Architects Academic Partner John Pløger: Dr.Art., associate professor at Roskilde University Project employees Rikke Lequick Larsen, Architect MAA Kristine Samson, MA in Modern Culture, Ph.D. Mikkel Klougart, MA in Ethology Pawel Antoni Lange, MA in Modern Culture/ BsC in Economics and Business Adminstration Th ink Tank Mats Olsson: Architectural advisor and former city architect in Malmö Peter Hanke: Conductor. Founder of Exart Performances, member of Th e European Cultural Parliament Bert Mulder: Associate professor at Th e University of Hague, leader af eSociety, member of Th e European Cultural Par- liament Public Space as a Catalyst for Change Public Space as a Catalyst for Change is an interdisciplinary project that revolves around public spaces as potential cat- alysts for the development of our cities by focusing on change and meaning as strategic tools. Th e project is anchored at RESEARCH+COMMUNICATION at JUUL | FROST Architects with Helle Juul, Architect MAA, Ph.D. as project manager and John Pløger, associate professor at Roskilde University as academic partner. Visit www.byensrum.dk for further information. Public Space as a Catalyst for Change is fi nanced by Realdania. “Public Space 2 – Th e Familiar into the Strange” is an edited version of the Danish publication “Byens rum 2 – Det kendte i det fremmede” and is fi nanced by JUUL | FROST Architects. Th e European Cultural Parliament (ECP) is protector for Public Space as a Catalyst for Change. Layout: Gilbert Hansen, B Translated into English by Dan A. Marmorstein Cover illustration: Gran Via c Frederikke Frederichsen Editorial assistance: Th omas Fjelstrup Nielsen Table of Contents 54 URBAN ANALYTIC THOUGHT FUSION 63 CASE STUDIES Introduction to the Case Studies 66 Acupuncture Amsterdam: Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA 68 Koog aan de Zaan: A8ernA 76 Parallelism Barcelona: Jardins de la Torre de les Aigües 80 Barcelona: Rambla del Mar 88 Hamburg: Th e Marco Polo Terraces 92 Mnemo Berlin: Denkmal 96 Berlin: Berlin Mauer 104 Krakow: Nowy Plac Zgody 108 Area Dublin: Smithfi eld 112 Dublin: Grand Canal Plaza 120 Malmø: Stapelbäddsparken 124 6 INTRODUCTION 129 STRATEGIC TOOLS Acupuncture 135 11 THOUGHTS Parallelism 137 Introduction to Th oughts 14 Mnemonics 139 Jane Jacobs 17 Area 142 Kevin Lynch 21 Performativity 144 Georg Simmel 24 Gilles Deleuze & Felix Guattari 30 148 EPILOGUE Henri Lefebvre 33 Pierre Bourdieu 37 Illustrations & Sources 152 Richard Sennett 40 Noël Burch 44 Umberto Eco 48 Zygmunt Bauman 50 Introduction n the beginning was Th e City. But even in the beginning, the city was not a static entity. Th e salient characteristic of cities is – and has always been – changes. Cities are organic and they develop in rhythm with I changes in the economic, technological and social conditions. Th e cities’ potency is their inherent diversity, which maximizes the chance for people to meet regardless of their diverging interests, their diff erent ages and their various social and ethnic affi liations. Th is is one part of the background of the fact that cities have functioned through the ages as meeting places, as experience zones and as milieus fostering innovation and incubation. When cities do not live up to this role, there are consequences on the society as a whole. When the inhabitants entrench themselves – as an upshot of the com- mon space being driven away by private interests and self-serving consider- ations – the society’s cohesive force vanishes and concomitantly its potential to evolve. Planning in a new context Th e burning question is how we can support the cities’ openness and the cities’ capacity to absorb changes. Economy, immigration, unemployment, pat- terns of family life and political changes are all variable factors that exert their infl uence on cities and on the lives that play themselves out in them. Today, we are living in an individualized city, where we interpret and ascri- be meaning to our surroundings, based on our own backgrounds and perso- nal preferences. At the same time, though, it is this individualized city that runs the risk of closing up into exclusionary communities. How can a balan- ce be found between the sensorially-experienced and consumption-oriented city and the shared space for exchanges where we can learn from each other? Th e challenge that lies before city planners is to develop adaptable and robust cities that are open and receptive to changes while simultaneously fortifying the cities’ diversity so that they will become hubs in the development of new types of communities. Urban planning’s new tools – ways of planning and developing the city Th e altered focus places new kinds of demands on urban planning. No lon- ger is the public space exclusively a matter of concern for municipal planners. Cities do not arise all by themselves. No, they are created by virtue of the fact that opposites converge; this is what leads to the emergence of new qualities of urban space. Accordingly, an interdisciplinary approach to urban planning is crucial when it is diversity that is supposed to be enhanced. PUBLIC SPACE 2: Th e Familiar into the Stange Public Space 2: Th e Familiar into the Strange gathers together the work, the thoughts and the analyses that we have been engaged in from October 2007 until October 2009. / INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION / Th e platform for Public Space as a Catalyst for Change as a developmental Th e Th oughts strategy is interdisciplinary. Th rough an extensive number of activities, our Public Space 2 re-visits eleven theorists whose thoughts can be put to use in objective has been to share and exchange knowledge for purposes of boost- our wholehearted attempts to apprehend urban spaces, their processes and ing the urge toward innovation in the ongoing discussions about – and the their contexts. As a socio-spatial relationship among diff erent perspectives, practical machinations with – the public spaces. Th e various activities that we have worked up an urban analytic thought-fusion that glances back at the have fashioned the basis of knowledge for Public Space 2: Th e Familiar into most important lessons learned from 20th century urban development. We the Strange include: are fusing these into the context and remembering to include those axiomatic • Th e homepage: www.byensrum.dk preconditions that the city makes available today. Th e ideas – notwithstand- • Th e publication of Public Space 1: Th e Known in the Strange, based on ing the temporal gaps – are still relevant and still serviceable in relation to the discussion papers presented at a conference of the same name future’s urban development. We feel that the past’s ideas that have been hand- • Publication of a virtual collection of articles, Public Space 1.5 ed down to us by sociologists, urban planners, aestheticians and philosophers • Published articles appearing in various journals and on www.byensrum.dk can be used resourcefully to fashion future potentials within the realm of ur- • Memos and discussion papers presented at conferences ban planning. • Industrial Ph.d. on Performative Aesthetics in Urban Space • Th e conference, Th e Known in the Strange Case-study nalyses • Th e publication of the anthology, Public Space 1, based on seminar pre- Th e selected cases have been analyzed on the basis of an overall method that sentations from Th e Known in the Strange ensures a holistically oriented look at the public space. Th e method analyzes • Vox Pop on four levels: city, space, life-shaping and body. Th e respective mappings are • Newsletters • A showroom, featuring the municipalities’ very best urban spaces • Inspirational meetings and seminars • Th ink-tank • Development of networks and collaborative partners, including a partnership with LYDLYS, under the auspices of Copenhagen International Th eatre Public Space 2: Th e Familiar into the Strange takes its point of departure in the creative exchange that is taking place in the interfaces between the activities enumerated above. Approach We have had the opportunity to travel. We have been speaking with the involved players and parties. We have been experiencing the aromas and fragrances of the places. We have been reading and we have been listening to our inspiring colleagues. What we have learned from all this is that most places really do con- tain an interesting and relevant story. We believe that the lesser-known urban spaces can also be instructive. Th at is the reason why this book does not confi ne itself to presenting analyses of the surefi re winners. What might seem old-fashioned and out of date today might reveal new possibilities tomorrow. Th e approach to the public space and the capacity to intuit the planner’s role in a strategic manner with respect to the space’s signifi cance are both aspects of planning that are just as important as actually hammering out plans for the physical space. With our focus on both level and thematics, we have managed to make our way toward a core of cases where strategies, intentions, visions and contexts span a wide gamut, embrace a wide girth and disclose interesting solutions that can serve to inspire a value-based approach to the planning of the city. / INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION / analyzed with a point of departure in the particular level that appears to be most relevant to the specifi c story we wish to relate.

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