Urbanistica N. 124 May-August 2004

Urbanistica n. 124 May-August 2004 Distribution by www.planum.net Dino Borri Towards a new political reform and social and environmental welfare Problems, policies, and research Franco Migliorini Pan-European Corridor V Umberto Janin Rivolin Towards a European territorial government system? Looking at the design of living Mariolina Besio Experiences and representations of design for living Daniele Virgilio Suburbs: from zenith overlook to eye-level view Projects and implementation edited by Göran Cars, Abdul Khakee The Nordic urban planning Göran Cars, Abdul Khakee Urban planning in the aftermath of the Nordic welfare state model Jerker Söderlind Urban challenges in Sweden Interview of August E. Røsnes, Urban planning Nordic style. Implications of public involvement by Christian Hofstad Petter Næss, Arvid Strand From Rio to Johannesburg. Environmental concerns, neoliberal climate change and planning in the Nordic countries Ole Michael Jensen Environmental planning in a Nordic context: the case of the Hedebygade Block, Copenhagen Interview with Tuija Hilding-Rydevik, Environmental issues and debate by Maria Håkansson Interview with Christer Bengs, Integrated conservation in the age of modernism: mission impossible? by Mia Geijer Profiles and practices Francesco Domenico Moccia Resisting strategic planning Lino Sinibaldi Notes on Drawn Architecture Methods and tools Francesco Fazzio Archaeology and urban planning Maria J. Figueroa Public participation and environmental integration in transport decision-making Received books Urban challenges in Tetra Pak, are just a few Andersson of KTH, the parts of the big cities, the Sweden names of what used to be natural size of cities is historical core and some Jerker Söderlind 'Swedish' companies active directly linked to the level of garden city areas, the post U 124/04 in the international arena, division of labour. The more world war two suburbs are brand names that made diversified our economy not offering these qualities. A common cliché of the possible the build up of the becomes (simply put, the Thus, families choose gladly present is to say that we are Swedish success story: thicker the 'yellow pages' of to move out to small and living in turbulent times, or 'Sweden, the middle way', the phone book directory of green traditional towns and to be more dramatic: "We combining capitalist companies) the greater the one family home areas, and are in the middle of a efficiency and socialist need for a larger number of commute to work in the big paradigm shift". This does solidarity. This period is now people to gather at the city. Freedom of choice not apply well to the over, with the sell out to same spot. In Sweden, challenges the present Swedish built urban 'foreigners' of the two being a technically urban landscape. What landscape. But, it certainly strongest icons, car advanced country with a most people want today is fits well in a description of manufacturers Volvo and strong political leadership either the traditional dense the forces that, with so far Saab. With global networks and a strong sense of status and diversified pre few visible effects, are of production conglomerates quo being the best formula modernist city, or the creating a widening gap replacing the national for the future, houses are garden city environment. between supply and companies, in intensified not put on wheels. Instead, demand of urban products. search for economy of under the banner of 'let the A non-urban heritage This text examines a scale, cost cutting, research whole of Sweden live' the At two points in history, number of economic, social intensive urban areas and population is put on wheels. strong political decisions and technical changes that specialisation, our built To preserve the have generated major underline the need for a geography could be uncomfortable and changes in the built new 'urban politics' as well described as 'too many unpractical dispersion of our landscape of Sweden. In as some suggestions of small cities in the wrong population, much effort and the 16th and 17th century what that could mean in places'. The situation is money is put on the second land reforms were reality. The basis for the similar to the one before the best solution, let people conducted to create a more analysis is, apart from previous geographical travel! Following the efficient production system. literature and reports, the revolution, the strategy of the national In the historic villages, each executive courses in Urban mechanization of farming board of planning, the farmers land was scattered Management that KTH, the leading to depopulation of Vision of 2009, commuting as small strips on numerous authors' university, has the country side and from homes in distant different places, as a result been arranging for local urbanization in the late 19th housing areas and small of inheritance and decision makers, city century. If form, as the old cities, to the three major subdivision of land between architects and community modernist architects used to cities is more and more many children. This pattern leaders since the year 2000. say, follows function, a becoming a normal life which fostered a large functional (in the sense of style. If the same strategy amount of communal work Cities in the wrong places being well adapted to the had been technically and and cooperation, was Out of Sweden's 290 production system) economically possible a replaced with large and communities, only 40 have geography of Sweden hundred years ago, the efficient farming areas, today a growing population, would be three major cities: former farmers would not placed around each farmers around 40 are balancing at Stockholm the capital, have become city dwellers free standing house, what is status quo and the rest are Gothenburg the 'West side at all. Instead, we would called the "village blow up in a state of 'reversed story' and Malmö in the have had large factory reforms". Instead of the old growth'. The reasons are South (now, with the areas, intact villages (turned intense, and economically simple to formulate but just Oresund road-train bridge in into housing areas) and a speaking unpractical village as hard to accept in a place, more or less being lot of trains and roads in structures, with a large society in which growth has transformed into a giant between. And no cities. But, amount of social interaction, been taken for granted suburb to its Danish both there is a second reason for the Swedish farmers found since the start of the stronger and more attractive this strategy being themselves in splendid Swedish economic miracle neighbour Copenhagen). If, successful. With work- isolation, with kilometres in the beginning of the 20th just as a minds game, every places having less closer instead of meters between century, supported by building in Sweden was ties to raw material neighbours. In the second absenteeism in Europe's given wheels, supply and (farming, mining, fishing) half of the 20th century, the two great wars, an efficient demand would allocate companies move to where population of the centralized state, a peaceful them to a few dense, and the workforce is the best countryside and small towns labour market, close social hopefully beautiful, cities, (best trained or cheapest). moved into expanding urban ties between entrepreneurs returning the country side to And decisions on where to areas, without actually and the financial sector and animal life, EU-subsidized live is today a family becoming city dwellers. an extraordinary strong farming, summer huts and decision. The quality of life, Inspired by mostly British industrial development. vacation areas, from skiing the view from the window, principles of neighbourhood Ericsson, Saab, ASEA, to golf courses. How come? the attractiveness of the city planning, traffic separation AGA, IKEA, Volvo, Scania, As stated numerous times and other 'soft' factors play and the need for Facit, SSAB, MODO, by regional development an increasingly important decentralization of cities, Avesta, Pharmacia, Astra, expert and professor Åke E role. Apart from the older the explosive building Urbanistica 2 www.planum.net activities of the post world communities and cities) we success. The public scheme for a small mixed war two period created a are confronted with demand for real city use city with 600 housing pattern of dispersed and troublesome housing qualities, as well as private units and 1.200 workplaces, geographically separated shortages in the potentially homes in attractive natural in a traditional small city apartment, one family growing (often university) surroundings, has so far led block structure, mixing new house, industrial, office, cities. Many local politicians to more innovative building and old architecture. One university, and shopping say that new inhabitants, companies and projects. important reason for the areas. It seems that the due to this transfer system, The next issue on the success is said to be the later in history urbanization actually decrease tax agenda is probably a question the real estate takes place, with the revenues over time. The revision of planning owner got from Jersenius- introduction of cars and abolishment of local legislation and economic Gracie: "What do you want modernist planning ideals, property taxes about 20 conditions. A few examples to do with your life, What do the smaller is the amount of years ago, also decrease will illustrate the tendency of you want to show your kids real dense and mixed use the political will to open up traditional town and point at and say: 'I did cities. The Swedish capital new areas for building. In developments replacing the this'?" Protests against the has in comparison a much the same time, demolishing 20th century suburban plans for destruction of the smaller inner city than empty housing in the tradition. old industrial buildings also Denmark's capital, not to 'reversed growth' areas, has In Staffanstorp municipality, gave a clear signal to the mention cities more top the become a new part of the outside Malmö (third largest real estate owners: listen to south.

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