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A War of Reputation and Pride
A War of reputation and pride - An examination of the memoirs of German generals after the Second World War. HIS 4090 Peter Jørgen Sager Fosse Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History University of Oslo Spring 2019 1 “For the great enemy of truth is very often not the lie -- deliberate, contrived and dishonest -- but the myth -- persistent, persuasive, and unrealistic.” – John F. Kennedy, 19621 1John F. Kennedy, Yale University Commencement Address, https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkyalecommencement.htm, [01.05.2019]. 2 Acknowledgments This master would not have been written without the help and support of my mother, father, friends and my better half, thank you all for your support. I would like to thank the University Library of Oslo and the British Library in London for providing me with abundant books and articles. I also want to give huge thanks to the Military Archive in Freiburg and their employees, who helped me find the relevant materials for this master. Finally, I would like to thank my supervisor at the University of Oslo, Professor Kim Christian Priemel, who has guided me through the entire writing process from Autumn 2017. Peter Jørgen Sager Fosse, Oslo, 01.05.2019 3 Contents: Introduction………………………………………………………………………...………... 7 Chapter 1, Theory and background………………………………………………..………17 1.1 German Military Tactics…………………………………………………..………. 17 1.1.1 Blitzkrieg, Kesselschlacht and Schwerpunkt…………………………………..……. 17 1.1.2 Examples from early campaigns……………………………………………..……… 20 1.2 The German attack on the USSR (1941)……………………………..…………… 24 1.2.1 ‘Vernichtungskrieg’, war of annihilation………………………………...………….. 24 1.2.2 Operation Barbarossa………………………………………………..……………… 28 1.2.3 Operation Typhoon…………………………………………………..………………. 35 1.2.4 The strategic situation, December 1941…………………………….………………. -
Russian Southwest Front, 1 July 1915
Russian Southwest Front 1 July 1915 8th Army 12th Army Corps: 12th Infantry Division: 45th Azovskiy Infantry Regiment 46th Dneper Infantry Regiment 47th Ukrainian Infantry Regiment 48th Odesskiy Infantry Regiment 19th Infantry Division: 73rd Crimean Infantry Regiment 74th Stavropolskiy Infantry Regiment 75th Sevastopolskiy Infantry Regiment 76th Kuban Infantry Regiment 65th Infantry Division: 257th Evpatorijskiy Infantry Regiment 258th Kishenevskiy Infantry Regiment 259th Olgopolskiy Infantry Regiment 260th Bratslavskiy Infantry Regiment 3rd Rifle Division: 9th Rifle Regiment 10th Rifle Regiment 11th Rifle Regiment 12th Rifle Regiment Attached: 5th Field Engineer Battalion 8th Army Corps: 14th Infantry Division: 53rd Volynskiy Infantry Regiment 54th Minskiy Infantry Regiment 55th Podolskiy Infantry Regiment 56th Zhitomorskiy Infantry Regiment 15th Infantry Division: 57th Modlinskiy Infantry Regiment 58th Pragskiy Infantry Regiment 59th Liublinskiy Infantry Regiment 60th Zamostskiy Infantry Regiment 4th Rifle Division: 13th Rifle Regiment 14th Rifle Regiment 15th Rifle Regiment 16th Rifle Regiment Attached: 11th Field Engineer Battalion 17th Army Corps: 3rd Infantry Division: 9th Ingermanlandskiy Infantry Regiment 10th Novoingermanlandskiy Infantry Regiment 11th Pskovskiy Infantry Regiment 12th Velikolutskiy Infantry Regiment 35th Infantry Division: 137th Nezhinskiy Infantry Regiment 138th Bolkhovskiy Infantry Regiment 139th Morshanskiy Infantry Regiment 1 140th Zarajskiy Infantry Regiment 61st Infantry Division: 241st Sedletskiy Infantry -
Operation Barbarossa 1941: Hitler Against Stalin Pdf, Epub, Ebook
OPERATION BARBAROSSA 1941: HITLER AGAINST STALIN PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Christer Bergstrom | 300 pages | 20 Jun 2016 | Casemate Books | 9781612004013 | English | Havertown, United States Operation Barbarossa 1941: Hitler Against Stalin PDF Book The commissars held a position equal to that of the commander of the unit they were overseeing. But most of the multitude of isolated units fought on stubbornly until running out of ammunition. Why did Stalin ignore the yearlong military buildup in eastern Europe and the by one count 87 separate, credible intelligence warnings of the German invasion that he received during —41? Hitler might actually strike first! Embassy or Consulate and ask for the information to be passed to a U. See details. However the author also makes it clear that many of the worst offenders were the non-Russian inhabitants of the western Soviet Union, including the Ukraine and the Baltics, where anti-Communism and anti-Semitism were common. Minneapolis: Zenith Press. Clarendon Press. The battlefields portrayed here long possessed military significance for the Germans and the peoples of Eastern Europe. Stalin took his final step to power on May 5, when he added the title of Soviet Premier to that of Communist Party Chairman. In rain and thaw on 12 December, German 2nd Panzer Division was ousted from Solnechogorsk — having been pushed back 40 km since the Soviet counter-offensive began. Oxford University Press. New York: Vintage. May God aid us, especially in this fight! Why did Hitler attack the Soviet Union, thereby virtually abandoning his war with Britain and France at the very moment that he seemed about to achieve victory? But the Soviet dictator reacted inconsistently. -
Russia, NATO, and Black Sea Security for More Information on This Publication, Visit
Russia, NATO, and Black Sea Security Russia, NATO, C O R P O R A T I O N STEPHEN J. FLANAGAN, ANIKA BINNENDIJK, IRINA A. CHINDEA, KATHERINE COSTELLO, GEOFFREY KIRKWOOD, DARA MASSICOT, CLINT REACH Russia, NATO, and Black Sea Security For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA357-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0568-5 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2020 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: Cover graphic by Dori Walker, adapted from a photo by Petty Officer 3rd Class Weston Jones. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface The Black Sea region is a central locus of the competition between Russia and the West for the future of Europe. -
Operational Combat Series: Case Blue V2 (11 May, 2012) ©2012
The Gamers, Inc. Operational Combat Series: Case Blue v2 (11 May, 2012) ©2012. Multi-Man Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Table of Contents Game Design: Dean Essig Series Design: Dean Essig Combining GBII & CB Case Blue Rules 2 General Rules Playtesting: Michael Affeldt, Perry I The Counters 8 Axis Special Rules Andrus, Jeff Behan, Thomas Buettner, 10 Soviet Special Rules Steve Campbell, Jim Daniels, Don Evans, The following counters in the Case Blue 12 GBII Special Rules Andrew Fischer, Michael Junkin, John set modify GBII counters from the 2001 14 Strategic Victory Kisner, Morris Hadley, Matthias Hardel, edition. In order to bring your consolidated 14 Optional Rules John Hart, Dirk Heinz, Roland LeBlanc, counters in line with what they should have, 15 Experimental Rules Dave Mignerey, Rod Miller, Rick Robinson, do the following: 21 Design Notes & Player Notes Pedro Santos, Jim Stavers, Colin du Toit, 1) Remove all aircraft from GBII and 29 Abbreviations Bruce Webb only use the ones in Case Blue. These 30 Common Rebuild Table Russian Placenames: Kevin Caldwell have been redrawn to be graphically 31 Terrain Effects superior to the old ones and Case Blue Rules Proofing: Mark Fisher, Hans Korting, contains a complete replacement set. Russian Booklet Joe Linder 2) Replace the German 20-4-3 Inf Div 1 Weather Table v2 Rewrite Special Thanks: John Kisner, (707) with 15-4-3 Inf Div (707). The 2 Soviet Repls & Rail Caps who coordinated the effort and did the 707th ID was a later wave unit with a 3 Supply Table heavy lifting to get it done. -
Russian Armies, 17 September 1944
Russian Armies 17 September 1944 Karelian Front: 26th Army XXXI Corps: 54th Rifle Division 83rd Rifle Division 205th Rifle Division 45th Rifle Division 367th Rifle Division 1?st Armored Battalion 19th Army 21st Rifle Division 67th Rifle Division 104th Rifle Division 122nd Rifle Division 341st Rifle Division 38th Guard Armored Brigade 377th Armored Battalion 14th Army CXXVI Corps: 10th Guard Rifle Division 14th Rifle Division 31st Ski Brigade 63rd Naval Brigade 12th Naval Brigade 72nd Naval Brigade 82nd Naval Brigade 1?th Rifle Brigade 254th Rifle Brigade 1?th Armored Battalion 7th Army CXXVII Light Corps: LXXXXIX Corps: XXXVII Guard Corps: IV Corps: 18th Rifle Division 65th Rifle Division 98th Guard Rifle Division 99th Guard Rifle Division 100th Guard Rifle Division 114th Rifle Division 272nd Rifle Division 310th Rifle Division 30th Rifle Brigade 32nd Rifle Brigade 33rd Rifle Brigade 7th Guard Armored Brigade 70th Armored Regiment 338th Assault Gun Regiment 339th Assault Gun Regiment 371st Assault Gun Regiment 378th Assault Gun Regiment 379th Assault Gun Regiment 1 Assigned, but assignment unclear: 25th Rifle Division 307th Armored Battalion leningrad Front: 2nd Shock Army XXX Guard Corps: 45th Guard Rifle Division 63rd Guard Rifle Division 64th Guard Rifle Division 86th Rifle Division 90th Rifle Division 128th Rifle Division 282nd Rifle Division 291st Rifle Division 321st Rifle Division 326th Rifle Division 372nd Rifle Division 46th Guard Armored Breakthorugh Regiment 746th Assault Gun Regiment 1433rd Assault Gun Regiment 8th Army CIX -
Soviet Tank Development During the Second World War Jeremy Paugh Concordia University - Portland, [email protected]
Concordia University - Portland CU Commons Undergraduate Theses Spring 2019 Steel Monsters: Soviet Tank Development during the Second World War Jeremy Paugh Concordia University - Portland, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.cu-portland.edu/theses Part of the History Commons CU Commons Citation Paugh, Jeremy, "Steel Monsters: Soviet Tank Development during the Second World War" (2019). Undergraduate Theses. 185. https://commons.cu-portland.edu/theses/185 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by CU Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of CU Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HST 493- Steel Monsters: Soviet Armor Development During World War 2 A senior thesis submitted to The Department of History College of Arts & Sciences In partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Arts degree in History By: Jeremy Paugh Faculty Supervisor ______________________________________________ _____________ Dr. Joel Davis Date Department Chair _______________________________________________ _____________ Kimberly Knutsen Date Dean, College of Arts & Sciences ________________________________________________ _____________ Dr. Michael Thomas Date Provost _______________________________________________________ _____________ Michelle Cowing Date Concordia University Portland, Oregon May, 2018 1 Abstract: This thesis aims to explore the far-reaching effects of armored warfare and tank -
Russian Forces, Battle of Moscow, 29 September 1941
Russian Forces Battle of Moscow 29 September 1941 - 1 February 1942 Western Front: 29 Sep 41 General Notes: Total Total in Combat Units Men 540,375 320,606 Rifles 339,862 245,340 sub-machine guns 3,678 2,289 light machine guns 5,418 4,015 heavy machine guns 2,167 1,848 AA machine guns 350 152 Tanks: Heavy 19 19 Medium (T-34s) 32 32 Light 413 389 (BTs, T-26s, T-37/40s) 107mm + Guns 956 947 76mm Guns 613 586 45mm AT Guns 408 386 76-85mm AA Guns 266 251 25-37mm AA Guns 108 93 107-120mm Mortars 227 209 82mm Mortars 547 521 50mm Mortars 911 864 Armored Cars 92 54 Trucks 30,386 12,182 Horses 96,842 66,028 16th Army 38th Rifle Division 29th Rifle Regiments 48th Rifle Regiments 343rd Rifle Regiments 214th Light Artillery Regiment Total: 9,836 men, 202 x MG, 68 x guns & mortars, 0 x AA, 13 x 45mm AT 108th Rifle Division 407th Rifle Regiment 444th Rifle Regiment 539th Rifle Regiment 575th Howitzer Regiment Total: 10,095 men, 229 x MG, 43 x guns & mortars, 0 x AA, 0 x AT 112th Rifle Division 385th Rifle Regiment 416th Rifle Regiment 524th Rifle Regiment 436th Light Artillery Regiment Total: 10,091 men, 226 x MG, 38 x guns & mortars, 7 x AA, 9 x 45mm AT 1 214th Rifle Division 776th Rifle Regiment 780th Rifle Regiment 788th Rifle Regiment 683rd Light Artillery Regiment 709th Howitzer Regiment 20th Antitank Battalion 128th Antiaircraft Battalion Attached: 127th Tank Brigade 49th Corps Artillery Regiment 471st Corps Artillery Regiment 587th Corps Artillery Regiment 375th RVGK Howitzer Regiment 700th Antitank Regiment 16-20 x 76mm USV Cannon 1st Bn 10th -
Destruction of Army Group Center by ER Bick
Layout: Chris Cummins Battleplan, Report 003 Photos: ER Bickford October 2009 World at War #9 – Destruction of Army Group Center By ER Bickord Historical Scenario surrounded in entrenchments This campaign is set in the northern half of the along the Berezina River. Using eastern front, beginning in late June 1944. There are air support, the Soviet 65th Army nine weekly turns, culminating at the end of August and a cav-mech group manage 1944. The scale is 16 miles per hex and the units are to reduce the panzers. Just to corps-sized. Victory and defeat balances on Soviet VP, the north of Mogilev, Soviet which are collected by capturing towns and cities. In 31st and 33rd Armies attack 39th order to win the Soviets need 31 VP. Two of the large Panzer Corps, which is forced VP awards are for Koenigsberg and any coastal hex to retreat. Then 11th Guards and west of Riga. They each yield 10 VP. another cav-mech group push the th The German player has decided to pull back as weakened 27 Corps into Orsha. th th much as possible, because the front line is too vast to The 5 Army and 5 Guards Tank rd defend. That won’t be easy, though, as the Soviets will attack 53 Corps with Soviet air support. That forces th attack relentlessly and try to maintain contact with the the Germans to retreat. The 9 Infantry Corps is pushed th retreating Germans. to the north of Borisev. The 6 Shock Army attacks the Turn One, 23-30 June 1944 fortified town of Polotsk, which falls easily for another VP. -
Printing "Welcome"
Rzhev ’42 – Designer Notes Table of Contents I. Design Notes A. Introduction B. German Order of Battle C. Soviet Order of Battle D. Weather E. Making the Scenarios II. The Scenarios A. Scenario List B. Scenario Overviews III. Operation Mars Revisited – by David Glantz Endnotes IV. German Military Abbreviations and Terms V. Bibliography A. Operational Books B. Order of Battle, and Organizational Books C. Unit Histories D. Map Books E. Archival Records Design Notes A. Introduction After reading David Glantz’s book "Zhukov’s Greatest Defeat", I became intrigued with this unknown, but major operation. According to Col Glantz, the Soviet forces used for Operation Mars, were substantially larger then the more well known Operation Uranus, the counterattack at Stalingrad. Two Soviet fronts, Kalinin and Western, seven Armies, consisting of 667,000 men and over 1900 tanks, attacked on 25 November 1942 with the goal of destroying the German 9th Army, pinching off the Rzhev salient, and eliminating the threat this salient posed to Moscow. By attacking in four directions, the Soviets planned on tying down what little mobile reserves the Germans had, and not allowing them to be deployed elsewhere. The battle was fought during blizzard-like snowstorms which, along with the poor terrain in the area, contributed mightily to the Soviet defeat. The Germans fought back hard, with a stubborn defense, their strong points holding out behind the Soviet lines, further complicating moving the second echelon offensive troops forward. Beside the two panzer divisions in reserve of 9.AOK (9th Army), the Germans were able to send three more panzer divisions, from Heersgruppe (Army Group) reserve, to halt the offensive and counterattack. -
4-08 Guderian's Blitzkrieg II
4-08 Guderian’s Blitzkrieg II - 2011 (14 Nov 18) 11. Between 22 Feb and 29 March the Axis receives lots The Case Blue rules supersede those in GBII. To of Pax and Eq. Treat them like extra repls (not exclusive eliminate the need for multiple rulebooks, applicable to GBII), rolling to see which map set each is sent to. GBII rules are replicated in Case Blue, which is designed 12. Ju-52 counts. If you are a stickler for consistency, the to cover both Case Blue and GBII. Your GBII rulebook GBII campaigns that begin in 11/41, 12/41, 1/42, and will only be needed for GBII area scenarios setups that 11/42 should all have just 2x Ju-52, with none in are not included in Case Blue. Please download the Emergency Pool. Replace the Arrival Schedule’s transfer Case Blue rules on The Gamers Archive site. of 1x Ju-52 from GBII to EatG on 26 Nov 1942 with a transfer of 2x Ju-52 from CB to EatG. 1. On Sheet 2, the 6-3-2 Security Division (203) has a 13. Rule 4.2a (part of Moscow: The Big Plum) is no Sausage on its front side. Players will need to make their longer in sync with the charts and tables. Ignore 4.2a, own replacement. Also note that directly beneath this and just go with the DRMs on the charts! counter there should be a Sausage both front and back (there is no 203 Sec Bde, so ignore that counter). Map 2. -
1941: Operation “Barbarossa” German Minister of Propaganda Joseph
1941: Operation “Barbarossa” German Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels makes a radio announcement about the war with the USSR (June 22, 1941): People in Moscow are listening to the war announcement, stunned (June 22, 1941): The largest invasion in human history begins. 4 million men supported by 600,000 vehicles and 750,000 horses attacked 3,000 kilometer-long front line. Photo: German soldiers crossing the USSR border (June 22, 1941): The German attack was a complete surprise, and initial Soviet losses were catastrophic. After the first 9 days of war the Luftwaffe destroyed 1,400 Soviet airplanes in the air and 3,200 on the ground (40% of the entire USSR air force), while losing only 330 aircraft. Photo: Russian I-16 fighters destroyed at the airport near Minsk, Belarus (June, 1941): By mid-August, the Soviets had lost 3,300 tanks, while the Germans lost 220, an astonishing 15:1 ratio. Photo: Russian BT-2 tank and its dead crew (July, 1941): But the most devastating were human losses. By December of 1941, the USSR had lost 2.7 million soldiers killed and 3.3 million captured – its entire pre-war army. For every German soldier lost, the Soviets lost 20. Photo: Soviet soldiers surrendering (Belarus, July 1941): The German tanks were unstoppable. During the first 7 days of the invasion they penetrated 300 km into the Soviet territory - 1/3 distance to Moscow: "Blitzkrieg" was going well. German soldiers were having fun. Photo: a German soldier posing on a Stalin's head: But eventually the Soviets recovered from the shock, their resistance stiffened and German losses started piling up.