Russian Forces, Battle of Moscow, 29 September 1941
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Liberationliberation
LiberationLiberation Liberation 65th ANNIVERSARY 2010 By Rona Mendelsohn During the final weeks of World War II, the task of freeing the western por- tion of Czechoslovakia fell to the soldiers of the American Third Army, led by General George S. Patton, Jr. The following article is a day-by-day account of that momentous two-week period, which is clearly etched in the memories of those who lived through it. Many Czech citizens have written to the Ameri- can Embassy, sending photographs and sharing their recollections of those days in great detail. The Embassy thanks them for their generous assistance and valuable information. This account, however, has been compiled from the American side. It was written by Rona Mendelsohn, a professional writer in Washington, D. C, after consulting more than 20 original sources, including letters, books, military records, newspaper articles, and personal interviews. Cover and left: After its liberation, Pilsen was the scene of a victory parade by the U.S. 3rd Army. 1 n May 4, 1945, General the passes before anything hit us.” He had George S. Patton’s forces were also profited from the 97th Infantry Divi- deployed along the Czechoslo- sion’s attack on Cheb on April 25. Other vak-German-Austrian border. U.S. Army elements had advanced beyond He received a call from Gen- Cheb to Schönbrunn. eral Omar Bradley, Commander of the U.S. The American Third Army, now num- O12th Army Group, saving that “the green bering more than 500,000 men in 18 divi- light is on for the attack on Czechoslovakia,” sions, was poised and ready to storm through and wanting to know when Patton could put Czechoslovakia in the early morning hours the invasion into effect. -
The United States Atomic Army, 1956-1960 Dissertation
INTIMIDATING THE WORLD: THE UNITED STATES ATOMIC ARMY, 1956-1960 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Paul C. Jussel, B.A., M.M.A.S., M.S.S. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee Approved by Professor Allan R. Millett, Advisor Professor John R. Guilmartin __________________ Professor William R. Childs Advisor Department of History ABSTRACT The atomic bomb created a new military dynamic for the world in 1945. The bomb, if used properly, could replace the artillery fires and air-delivered bombs used to defeat the concentrated force of an enemy. The weapon provided the U.S. with an unparalleled advantage over the rest of the world, until the Soviet Union developed its own bomb by 1949 and symmetry in warfare returned. Soon, theories of warfare changed to reflect the belief that the best way to avoid the effects of the bomb was through dispersion of forces. Eventually, the American Army reorganized its divisions from the traditional three-unit organization to a new five-unit organization, dubbed pentomic by its Chief of Staff, General Maxwell D. Taylor. While atomic weapons certainly had an effect on Taylor’s reasoning to adopt the pentomic organization, the idea was not new in 1956; the Army hierarchy had been wrestling with restructuring since the end of World War II. Though the Korean War derailed the Army’s plans for the early fifties, it returned to the forefront under the Eisenhower Administration. The driving force behind reorganization in 1952 was not ii only the reoriented and reduced defense budget, but also the Army’s inroads to the atomic club, formerly the domain of only the Air Force and the Navy. -
Russian Army, 4 June 1916
Russian Army 4 June 1916 Northwest Front: Finland Garrison: XLII Corps: 106th Infantry Division 421st Tsarskoe Selo Infantry Regiment 422nd Kolpino Infantry Regiment 423rd Luga Infantry Regiment 424th Chut Infantry Regiment 107th Infantry Division 425th Kargopol Infantry Regiment 426th Posinets Infantry Regiment 427th Pudozh Infantry Regiment 428th Lodeyinpol Infantry Regiment Sveaborg Border Brigade 1st Sveaborg Border Regiment 2nd Sveaborg Border Regiment Estonia Coast Defense: 108th Infantry Division 429th Riizhsk Infantry Regiment 430th Balksy Infantry Regiment 431st Tikhvin Infantry Regiment 432nd Baldaia Infantry Regiment Revel Border Brigade 1st Revel Border Regiments 2nd Revel Border Regiments Livonia Coast Defense: I Corps 22nd Novgorod Infantry Division 85th Vyborg Infantry Regiment 86th Wilmanstrand Infantry Regiment 87th Neschlot Infantry Regiment 88th Petrov Infantry Regiment 24th Pskov Infantry Division 93rd Irkhtsk Infantry Regiment 94th Yenisei Infantry Regiment 95th Krasnoyarsk Infantry Regiment 96th Omsk Infantry Regiment III Corps 73rd Orel Infantry Division 289th Korotoyav Infantry Regiment 290th Valuiisk Infantry Regiment 291st Trubchev Infantry Regiment 292nd New Archangel Infantry Regiment 5th Rifle Division (Suwalki) 17th Rifle Regiment 18th Rifle Regiment 19th Rifle Regiment 20th Rifle Regiment V Siberian Corps 1 50th St. Petersburg Infantry Division 197th Lesnot Infantry Regiment 198th Alexander Nevsky Infantry Regiment 199th Kronstadt Infantry Regiment 200th Kronshlot Infantry Regiment 6th (Khabarovsk) Siberian -
Medical Aspects of Harsh Environments, Volume 1, Chapter 10, Cold, Casualties, and Conquests
Cold, Casualties, and Conquests: The Effects of Cold on Warfare Chapter 10 COLD, CASUALTIES, AND CONQUESTS: THE EFFECTS OF COLD ON WARFARE BRUCE C. PATON, MD, FRCP(ED)* INTRODUCTION ANCIENT HISTORY TO WORLD WAR I Xenophon and Hannibal Charles XII of Sweden General George Washington and Valley Forge Napoleon in Russia Crimean War Wars of the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries WORLD WAR I Trench Warfare Definition and Treatment of Trench Foot COLD INJURY RESEARCH TO 1939 Investigations During World War I Between the Wars: 1918–1939 WORLD WAR II The Russo–Finnish War German Invasion of Russia: Operation Barbarossa US Army: 10th Mountain Division COLD INJURY RESEARCH DURING WORLD WAR II German and Japanese Research US Army: Management of Cold Injuries US Army: Cold Injuries in Europe, 1944–1945 KOREAN WAR: 1950–1953 FALKLAND WAR: 1982 TRENDS IN MANAGEMENT Rapid Rewarming in the Field Warm Water Immersion Foot Syndromes LESSONS FROM THE PAST, IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE *Clinical Professor of Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80262 313 Medical Aspects of Harsh Environments, Volume 1 INTRODUCTION On a bitter, cold night during the Korean War, a US The lessons learned have been both military and Marine sentry, huddling in a ditch alongside a road medical. As casualties have decimated armies, doc- near the Chosin Reservoir, peered nervously into the tors have been stimulated to seek a better under- darkness. In the stillness he heard a rhythmical “click- standing of the pathology of cold injuries, and this clack, click-clack,” slowly becoming louder and knowledge has been translated into better manage- louder. -
The University of Chicago Smuggler States: Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Contraband Trade Across the Soviet Frontier, 1919-1924
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO SMUGGLER STATES: POLAND, LATVIA, ESTONIA, AND CONTRABAND TRADE ACROSS THE SOVIET FRONTIER, 1919-1924 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY ANDREY ALEXANDER SHLYAKHTER CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2020 Илюше Abstract Smuggler States: Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Contraband Trade Across the Soviet Frontier, 1919-1924 What happens to an imperial economy after empire? How do economics, security, power, and ideology interact at the new state frontiers? Does trade always break down ideological barriers? The eastern borders of Poland, Latvia, and Estonia comprised much of the interwar Soviet state’s western frontier – the focus of Moscow’s revolutionary aspirations and security concerns. These young nations paid for their independence with the loss of the Imperial Russian market. Łódź, the “Polish Manchester,” had fashioned its textiles for Russian and Ukrainian consumers; Riga had been the Empire’s busiest commercial port; Tallinn had been one of the busiest – and Russians drank nine-tenths of the potato vodka distilled on Estonian estates. Eager to reclaim their traditional market, but stymied by the Soviet state monopoly on foreign trade and impatient with the slow grind of trade talks, these countries’ businessmen turned to the porous Soviet frontier. The dissertation reveals how, despite considerable misgivings, their governments actively abetted this traffic. The Polish and Baltic struggles to balance the heady profits of the “border trade” against a host of security concerns shaped everyday lives and government decisions on both sides of the Soviet frontier. -
Russian Southwest Front, 1 July 1915
Russian Southwest Front 1 July 1915 8th Army 12th Army Corps: 12th Infantry Division: 45th Azovskiy Infantry Regiment 46th Dneper Infantry Regiment 47th Ukrainian Infantry Regiment 48th Odesskiy Infantry Regiment 19th Infantry Division: 73rd Crimean Infantry Regiment 74th Stavropolskiy Infantry Regiment 75th Sevastopolskiy Infantry Regiment 76th Kuban Infantry Regiment 65th Infantry Division: 257th Evpatorijskiy Infantry Regiment 258th Kishenevskiy Infantry Regiment 259th Olgopolskiy Infantry Regiment 260th Bratslavskiy Infantry Regiment 3rd Rifle Division: 9th Rifle Regiment 10th Rifle Regiment 11th Rifle Regiment 12th Rifle Regiment Attached: 5th Field Engineer Battalion 8th Army Corps: 14th Infantry Division: 53rd Volynskiy Infantry Regiment 54th Minskiy Infantry Regiment 55th Podolskiy Infantry Regiment 56th Zhitomorskiy Infantry Regiment 15th Infantry Division: 57th Modlinskiy Infantry Regiment 58th Pragskiy Infantry Regiment 59th Liublinskiy Infantry Regiment 60th Zamostskiy Infantry Regiment 4th Rifle Division: 13th Rifle Regiment 14th Rifle Regiment 15th Rifle Regiment 16th Rifle Regiment Attached: 11th Field Engineer Battalion 17th Army Corps: 3rd Infantry Division: 9th Ingermanlandskiy Infantry Regiment 10th Novoingermanlandskiy Infantry Regiment 11th Pskovskiy Infantry Regiment 12th Velikolutskiy Infantry Regiment 35th Infantry Division: 137th Nezhinskiy Infantry Regiment 138th Bolkhovskiy Infantry Regiment 139th Morshanskiy Infantry Regiment 1 140th Zarajskiy Infantry Regiment 61st Infantry Division: 241st Sedletskiy Infantry -
Glantz Vol III Book 1 LATEST.Indd
© University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. Contents List of Maps, Tables, and Illustrations ix Preface xv Selected Abbreviations xxi Part I. Soviet Strategic Planning 1. Framework for Disaster 3 Frustration 3 The Wehrmacht in November 1942 8 German Field Commanders 11 The Red Army in November 1942 12 Soviet Field Commanders 15 2. Soviet Strategic Planning: The Genesis of Plan Uranus 20 Who Formulated Plan Uranus? The Historical Debate 20 Competing Offensive Concepts 23 Triumph of the “Different Solution,” 1–13 October 31 Plan Uranus Takes Shape, 14–31 October 38 Final Preparations, 1–18 November 41 Reflections 50 3. Gathering the Troops: Soviet Order of Battle and the Uranus Plan 55 Regrouping Forces for the Counteroffensive 55 Soviet Order of Battle 58 The Uranus Plan 79 Front and Army Plans 93 4. The Balance of Opposing Forces on 18 November 127 Soviet Forces 127 Axis Forces and Defenses 131 The Correlation of Opposing Forces 165 Part II. The Uranus Counteroffensive 5. The Penetration Battle, 19–20 November 185 Preliminaries 185 © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. viii Contents The Southwestern and Don Fronts’ Offensive, 19–20 November 192 The Stalingrad Front’s Offensive, 20 November 248 6. The Encirclement Closes, 21–23 November 268 German Dilemmas on 21 November 268 The Southwestern and Don Fronts’ Offensive, 21 November 271 The Stalingrad Front’s Offensive, 21 November 288 The Southwestern and Don Fronts’ Offensive, 22 November 299 The Stalingrad Front’s Offensive, 22 November 323 The Southwestern and Don Fronts’ Offensive, 23 November 337 The Stalingrad Front’s Offensive, 23 November 358 The Situation Late on 23 November 369 German Dilemmas on 23 November 371 7. -
Barbarossa, Soviet Covering Forces and the Initial Period of War: Military History and Airland Battle
WARNING! The views expressed in FMSO publications and reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Barbarossa, Soviet Covering Forces and the Initial Period of War: Military History and Airland Battle Dr. Jacob W. Kipp Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS. 1989 The issues surrounding the German attack upon the Soviet Union in June 1941 continue to attract the attention of historians and military analysts. The nature of the Soviet response to that attack has, as recent articles in Air University Review suggest, set off heated polemics. The appearance of Bryan Fugate's Operation Barbarossa with its assertion that the Soviet High Command did, indeed, have a "realistic plan or operative concept for coping with the situation" marked a major departure from conventional Western scholarly interpretation of the events leading up to the invasion.1 The response by Williamson t1urray and Barry G. Watts that Fugate was "inventing history" to find an unsuspected Soviet military genius where there was none confirms the controversial nature of the issue.2 These authors underscore the impact of surprise and tend to treat it as systemic and general. The Soviet Union, they argue, did not expect the blow and was unprepared for it. Soviet military doctrine and field regulations spoke of the offensive, while neglecting the defense.3 In assessing Soviet perception of the German threat, the authors are at odds not -
Russia, NATO, and Black Sea Security for More Information on This Publication, Visit
Russia, NATO, and Black Sea Security Russia, NATO, C O R P O R A T I O N STEPHEN J. FLANAGAN, ANIKA BINNENDIJK, IRINA A. CHINDEA, KATHERINE COSTELLO, GEOFFREY KIRKWOOD, DARA MASSICOT, CLINT REACH Russia, NATO, and Black Sea Security For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA357-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0568-5 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2020 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: Cover graphic by Dori Walker, adapted from a photo by Petty Officer 3rd Class Weston Jones. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface The Black Sea region is a central locus of the competition between Russia and the West for the future of Europe. -
Pdf 33497.Pdf
The Professional Bulletin of the Armor Branch, Headquarters, Department of the Army, PB 17-15-4 Editor in Chief Features LISA ALLEY 8 Combined-Arms Gunnery: Restoring the Fundamentals LTG Michael S. Tucker Commandant 12 Mount, Saddle, Soldier: Overcoming a Decade of Concierge Maintenance BG SCOTT McKEAN LTC Jeffrey Paine and MAJ Lance Leonard 17 Forward-Support Company Employment in a Decisive-Action Environment ARMOR (ISSN 0004-2420) is published quarterly by the LTC C.J. King Jr. and MAJ Chris Dempsey U.S. Army Armor School, McGinnis-Wickam Hall (Bldg. 22 Training to Win in a Complex and Uncertain World 4), Suite W142, 1 Karker Street, Fort Benning, GA 31905. BG Joseph M. Martin, COL David S. Cannon and LTC Christopher W. Hartline Disclaimers: The information contained in ARMOR rep- 32 Unified Land Operations in 2040 – Autonomy-Enabled Platoon-Level Missions resents the professional opinions of the authors and does Retired COL Michael N. Smith, retired COL R. Craig Effinger III and Dr. Paul D. Rogers not necessarily reflect the official Army, U.S. Army Train- ing and Doctrine Command or U.S. Army Armor School 43 Mission Command on the Move position, nor does it change or supersede any informa- MAJ Adam R. Brady, LTC Tommy L. Cardone and CPT Edwin C. den Harder tion presented in other official Army publications. 47 Mission-Command Culture: A Leader-Subordinate Contract Manuscripts and their accompanying figures become gov- LTC Chad R. Foster ernment property and public domain upon receipt in AR- 50 Mission Command and Mental Block: Why the Army Won’t Adopt a True Mission- MOR editorial offices. -
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MGZ 75/1 (2016): 94–122 OLDENBOURG Aufsatz Gaj Trifković Carnage in the Land of Three Rivers: The Syrmian Front 1944–1945 DOI 10.1515/mgzs-2016-0004 Abstract: The aim of this article will be to examine the operations of the Yugoslav Partisans and German armed forces in northern parts of Yugoslavia in late 1944 and early 1945. Since the summer of 1941, the communist-led guerrilla movement had conducted a massive guerrilla campaign against Axis forces, at the same time striving to build a regular army and thus gain recognition as a full-time member of the anti-Hitler coalition. The arrival of the Red Army and liberation of country’s eastern parts in September and October 1944 secured material foundations for a creation of a regular field force. Whether this nascent army would be capable of defeating its retreating, but still dangerous German foe remained to be seen. Keywords: Yugoslavia, Syrmia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Second World War, Parti- sans, Wehrmacht, front, operations, NOVJ The fierce fighting in the flat, open terrain of the province of Syrmia1 counted among the bloodiest of the whole war and left a lasting controversy about whether the Yugoslav Partisans should have pursued an active campaign on the so-called »Syrmian Front« in the first place. In the socialist Yugoslavia prior to the late 1970s, descriptions of operations on the Syrmian Front could usually be found in either general war histories or in unit histories; relevant Partisan docu- ments were published in several volumes of the massive »Zbornik dokumenata i 1 Syrmia (Serbian: Srem; Croatian: Srijem) is the geographical region between the rivers Danube and Sava, stretching from Belgrade in the east to the line north of Vukovar-Bosna estuary in the west. -
Russian Armies, 17 September 1944
Russian Armies 17 September 1944 Karelian Front: 26th Army XXXI Corps: 54th Rifle Division 83rd Rifle Division 205th Rifle Division 45th Rifle Division 367th Rifle Division 1?st Armored Battalion 19th Army 21st Rifle Division 67th Rifle Division 104th Rifle Division 122nd Rifle Division 341st Rifle Division 38th Guard Armored Brigade 377th Armored Battalion 14th Army CXXVI Corps: 10th Guard Rifle Division 14th Rifle Division 31st Ski Brigade 63rd Naval Brigade 12th Naval Brigade 72nd Naval Brigade 82nd Naval Brigade 1?th Rifle Brigade 254th Rifle Brigade 1?th Armored Battalion 7th Army CXXVII Light Corps: LXXXXIX Corps: XXXVII Guard Corps: IV Corps: 18th Rifle Division 65th Rifle Division 98th Guard Rifle Division 99th Guard Rifle Division 100th Guard Rifle Division 114th Rifle Division 272nd Rifle Division 310th Rifle Division 30th Rifle Brigade 32nd Rifle Brigade 33rd Rifle Brigade 7th Guard Armored Brigade 70th Armored Regiment 338th Assault Gun Regiment 339th Assault Gun Regiment 371st Assault Gun Regiment 378th Assault Gun Regiment 379th Assault Gun Regiment 1 Assigned, but assignment unclear: 25th Rifle Division 307th Armored Battalion leningrad Front: 2nd Shock Army XXX Guard Corps: 45th Guard Rifle Division 63rd Guard Rifle Division 64th Guard Rifle Division 86th Rifle Division 90th Rifle Division 128th Rifle Division 282nd Rifle Division 291st Rifle Division 321st Rifle Division 326th Rifle Division 372nd Rifle Division 46th Guard Armored Breakthorugh Regiment 746th Assault Gun Regiment 1433rd Assault Gun Regiment 8th Army CIX