HARDENABILITY OF NICKEL ALLOY STEELS

A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO THE USE OF NICKEL-CONTAINING ALLOYS NO 392

Distributed by ~- Nickel Produced by NICKEL ~~ INSTITUTE nco INCO INSTITUTE knowledge for a brighter future HARDENABILITY OF NICKEL ALLOY STEELS

A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO THE USE OF NICKEL-CONTAINING ALLOYS NO 392

Originally, this handbook was published in 1984 by INCO, The International Nickel Company Inc. Today this company is part of Vale S.A. The Nickel Institute republished the handbook in 2021. Despite the age of this publication the information herein is considered to be generally valid. Material presented in the handbook has been prepared for the general information of the reader and should not be used or relied on for specific applications without first securing competent advice. The Nickel Institute, INCO, their members, staff and consultants do not represent or warrant its suitability for any general or specific use and assume no liability or responsibility of any kind in connection with the information herein......

Nickel Institute [email protected] www.nickelinstitute.org Table of Contents

Page No. location of Hardenability Data ...... 4 Introduction ...... 5 Prediction of Tensile Properties in Quenched and Tempered Nickel Alloy Steels from Hardenability Data ...... 5 End-Quench Hardenability Data ...... 5 How to Specify End-Quench Hardenability limits ...... 5 Hardenability in Terms of Transformation Structures Formed during Cooling ...... 5 Hardenability Data-Standard Nickel Alloy Steels ...... 10 End-Quench Hardenability Bands and Curves ...... 11-29 Cooling Transformation Diagrams ...... 30-32 Hardenability Data--Carbon Steels and Nonstandard Nickel Alloy Steels. . 33 End-Quench Hardenability Bands and Curves ...... 34-50 Cooling Transformation Diagrams ...... 51-52 References ...... --· ...... 53

3 Location of Hardenability Data

End-Quench Data Steel Typea Page No. Steel Type a Page No. 1038Hb ...... 34 8627Hb ...... 19 1050b ...... 34 8630Hb ...... 20 8637Hb ...... 20 2315 (core and case) ...... •... 34 8640Hb and 8641H ...... 21 2330H ...... •. 35 8642Hb ...... 21 2340 • ...... 35 8645Hb ...... 22 2512 ...... 36 8650Hb ...... 22 2512 (0.4 C), carburized ...... 36 8655Hb ...... 23 2512 (0.6 C), carburized ...... 36 8660Hb ...... 23 36 2512 {l.0 C), carburized ...... 8695 ...... 46 2515H ...... 37 8720Hb ...... 24 2517H ...... 37 8740Hb ...... 24 9 Nickel ...... 38 8742H ...... 47 3120 (core and case) ...... 38 8822Hb ...... , ...... 25 38 3120H •...... 9310Hb ...... 25 3130H ...... 39 9315 ...... 47 39 3140H ...... , ...... 9395 ...... 47 3310 ...... 40 3310 (0,4 C), carburized ...... 40 9840H ...... 48 3310 (0.liC), carburized ...•.. : 40 9850H ...... 48 3310 (l.0 C), carburized ...... 40 3310H ...... 41 81B45Hb ...... 26 3316H ...... 41 86B45Hb ...... 26 Krupp (core and case) ...... 42 94815Hb ...... 27 94Bl7Hb ...... 27 4317 ..•...... •·· ...... 42 94B30Hb ...... 28 4320Hb .•...... 11 94840H ...... •..... 49 4330 (cast) ...... 42 4337H •...... 43 A~S 6416c (300-M) ...... 28 4340Hb ...... •. 11 AMS 6418C...... 29 AMS 6428c and 6434c ...... 29 E4340H b • . . • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • 12 4360 ...... 43 AISI l6d ...... • . . 29 4615b ...... ,.· ... · .. :. 12 4620Hb ...... 13 Ni-Cr-Mo-V-Cu-B ...... 49 X4620H ...... 44 _2 ¾ Nfoke.lFor~ing ...... 49 4621Hb ...... 13 21/2 Ni-1/2 Mo•V Turbine Rotor . . . 50 4630 ...... 44 31/4 Ni•Cr-Mo ...... , . . . 50 4640H ...... 45 4¼ Ni-11/2 Cr·l/10 Mo ...... 50 4695 ...... 45 4¼ Ni-11/2 Cr•½ Mo ...•...... 50 4626b (0.70-1.00% Ni) ...... 14 SAE EX·2 ...... 45 4718Hb ...... 14 Cooling Transformation 4720Hb ...... 15 Diagrams 4812H ...... 46 Steel Typea Page No-: 4815Hb ...... 15 4815b (1.0 C), carburized ...... 16 3140 ...... 51 4817Hb ...... 16 4315 ...... 51 4820Hb ...... 17 4330 ...•...... 52 SAE EX·l ...... 46 4340b ...... 30 4815b ...... 30 8617Hb ...... •...... 17 8620b ...... • 31 8620Hb ...... 18 8630b ...... ·: ... 31 8622Hb ...... 18 8640b ...... 32 8625Hb ...... 19 9840 ...... 52

a The AISl·SAE system for numbering steels is used if applicable. • AISI-SAE Stand.ard Steel, "1965 SAE Handbook." • Aero$pace Material$ Specification. 4 AISI Standard Tool Steel, "Tool Steels," April 1963.

4 Hardenability of Nickel Alloy Steels

INTRODUCTION The end-quench hardenability charts, presented in this bulletin, are standard bands for H-grades issued by In this bulletin hardenability information is pre­ AISI-SAE whenever available. If standard bands are sented in three forms: ( 1) Tables I and II which show not available, however, end-quench curves of single the relationships between hardness, tensile properties heats, believed to be typical of a grade, are used. Infor­ and section size of quenched and tempered bars, (2) mation from single curves must not be used for speci­ end-quench hardenability curves (pages 11-29 and fication purposes. The hardenability charts have been 34-50), and (3) continuous cooling transformation separated into two groups, as shown in the ''Table of diagrams which indicate the progress of austenite trans­ Contents." The first group, pages 11-29, comprises formation during cooling (pages 30-32 and 51-52 ). grades of nickel alloy steels standard in 1965. The sec­ ond group, pages 34--50, includes standard carbon steels PREDICTION OF TENSILE PROPERTIES IN and nonstandard nickel alloy steels, many of which QUENCHED AND TEMPERED NICKEL AUOY have been standard AISI or SAE grades. Cast nickel STEELS FROM HARDENABILITY DATA alloy steels have almost exactly the same hardenability as wrought material of the same composition. 11 • 12 A Tables I and II, drawn from ASTM A 400, 1 show cast steel specimen was used for the 4330 curve, all the nickel alloy steels arranged according to the level other data are for wrought material. of tensile properties that can be expected with given combinations of section size and quenching practice. These tables were derived by relating the cooling rates HOW TO SPECIFYEND-QUENCH during quenching an end-quench bar with those of HARDENABIUlYUMITS some other geometrical shapes quenched immersion, Hardenability is specified preferably as the maxi­ and by correlating as-quenched hardness and the ap­ proximate per.cent martensite formed ·during cooling mum and minimum hardness values at a desired dis­ tam::e along the end-quench bar. method is illus­ with the tensile properties expected after tempering. 2-6 trated in Figure 4 by points A,.;.Aand the hardenability Table III is included for use with Tables I and II, as in this case would be specified as equals required by ASTM A 400. Figure 1 provides additional "J43/54 3 sixteenths." information on the approximate.relationships between Several alternate methods for specifying harden­ carbon content, hardness and percentage of martensite ability also are· shown in Figure 4. In addition to the formed on quenching. Figure 2 correlates the cooling methods iHustrated, requirements may be indicated by rates along the end-quench hardenability specimen specifying more than two hardness values or the entire with the cooling rates at various positions in round bars hardenabHity band .. If these alternate methods are quenched under conditions typical of production heat used, however, a tolerance of two Rockwell C points is treatment. This relationship is shown also along the necessary because curves of individual heats of steel upper axis of the standard chart used for AISI-SAE may vary somewhat in shape from the standard band end-quench hardenability H-band. Figure 3 presents limits. the relationship between cooling rates .in round bars and other standard shapes. HARDENABIUTY · IN TERMS OF END-QUENCH HAR.DENABIUTYDATA TRANSFORMATION STRUCTURES FORMED DURING COOLING The standard test procedure for conducting the end­ quench hardenability test 7 is described in the Society Cooling transformation (C-T) .diagrams have been of Automotive Engineers Handbook, 8 and in ASTM derived in various ways. 14- 23 The C-T diagrams on Specification A 255. 9 The American Iron and Steel In­ pages 30-32 and pages 51-52 provide hardenability stitute issues standard hardenability bands for a wide information in terms of the progress of austenite trans­ variety of AISI alloy steel grades, 10 and the use of the formation during continuous cooling of end-quench suffix "H" with the standard AI SI-SAE number enables hardenability bars. 15 - 17 • 19• 21 This detailed method of the user to purchase the grade to the guaranteed hard­ study is in contrast to the usual ·'end-quench harden­ enability limits of the published end-quench band. The ability evaluation procedure which simply records limits of chemical composition for an H-steel are hardness, supplemented sometimes by quantitative slightly wider than those in the same grade designation metaUographic studies ( 4615 on page 12, 4815 on page not carrying a guaranty of hardenability. 16, etc.). The C-T diagrams also identify the micro-

5 constituents that develop as austenite transforms with The C-T diagrams were developed from single heats fall in temperature. Such information is useful because of each grade and should be considered only repre­ industrial quenching practices generally do not pro­ sentative of the types. The normal variations of chemi­ duce fully quenched-out ( completely martensitic) cal composition, grain size and other factors within structures, and certain mechanical properties are sen­ each grade can have substantial influence on transfor­ sitive to the types and amounts of non-martensitic mation behavior, and therefore can cause individual products. 24 elements of the transformation diagram to be displaced.

TABLE I Nickel Steels for Operating under Severe Service Conditions Requiring a Minimum of 80% Martt!nsite on Quenching Qnd High Yield Strength (90,000 psi or more), Good Ductility and High Notch Toughness after Tempering

CLASS!N ASTMA 400 P-t P-2 P-3 P-4 P-5 I P-6 P-7 Diameterof Round (orDistance Between faces of Squareor ffexagonallSections, in. To0.5, Over0.5 Overl Over1.5 Over2 Over2.5 Over3 incl to 1, to 1.5, to 2, to 2.5, to 3, to 3.5, incl incl incl incl incl incl Minimuma As-Quenched ThiclmHsof flat Sections,in. Equivalent Equivalent Hardness DesiredMinimum Hardness Tensile Yield To0.3, Over0.3 Over0.6 Over1 Over1.3 Over1.6 Over2 Strength, Strength, IRock- incl to0.6, to 1, to 1.3, to 1.6, to 2, to2.3, BHN ! RockwellC psi psi 8ffN wellC incl incl incl incl incl incl

Applicableto OilQuenching or EquivalentRate of HeatRemoval 229 to 20 to 33, 110,000 90,000to 388 42 8630 - - - - 293, incl incl to 145,000, 125,000, - - incl incl Over293 Over33 Over Over 409 44 3135 3140 - - - 9840 4337 to 341, to 38, 145,000 125,000 94830 4640 incl incl to 170,000, to 150,000, 8640 incl incl 8740 Over341 Over38 Over Over 455 48 3140 8642 94840 - 9840 4337 4340 to 388, to 42, 170,000 150,000 . 8637 8645 86845 incl incl to 190,000, to 170,000, 8742 incl incl Over388 Over42 Over Over 496 51 4640 94B40 4337 8660 4340 - E4340 to 429. to 45, 190,000 170,000 8640 8650 9840 86845 9850 inc! incl to 205,000, to 185,000, 8642 8655 incl incl 8645 81845 8740 8742

Applicableto WaterQuenching or EquivalentRate of HeatRemoval b 229 to 20 to 33, 110,000to 90,000to 388 42 8625 8630 94B30 - - - - 293, incl incl. 145,000, 125,000, 8627 incl incl Over293 Over33 Over Over 409 44 8630 94830 -- 3135c 3140 4337 to 341, to 38, 145,000 125,000 4640 9840 incl incl to 170,000, to 150,000, 8637c incl ind 8640 8740

•Minimum as-quenched hardness for obtaining desired hardness strengths may be used in the same conditions for lighter sections and after tempering at 800 F or higher. Must also meet requirements of lower strengths. Table 111. Note 2-An H-steel with the same grade designation as a standard bParts made of steel with a carbon content of 0.33 per cent or higher, SA£-AISI steel is capable of meeting the same .secti,;m and strength where the section is under l ½ in., should not be quenched in water requirements as the standard steef (see ASTM Specification A 304), without careful exploration for quench-cracldng .. and is the preferred method of specification. •This. steel has insufficient hardem1billty for class P-4, because of Note 3--Steels having a maximum carbon content of 0.40 per cent difference in test locatkms, but ls satisfactory for other smaller sizes. or over, or a hardness of 293 BHN or over after heat treating, are not Note 1--Steels listed as approved for heavier sections or higher recommended for applications involving welding.

6 TABLE II

Nickel Steels for Operating under Moderate Service Conditions Requiring a Minimum of SO% Martensite on Quenching and Moderate to High Yiefd Strength (75,000 to 185,000 psi), Corresponding Tensile Strength Levels and Good Ductility after. Tempering

CLASSIN ASTMA 400 Q-1 0.-2 Q-3 Q-4 Q-5 Q-6 Q-7 Diameterof Round {orDistance Between .Faces .of Square or Hexagonal)Sections, in. fo0.5, Over0.5 Over1 OverL5 Over2 Over2.5 Over3 incl to 1, to 1.5, to 2, to 2.5, to 3, to 3.5, incl incl Incl Incl incl incl Minimuma As-Quenched Thickne.ssof FlatSections, in. Equivalent Equivalent Hardness DesiredMinimum Hardness Tensile Yield To 0.3, Over0.3 Over0.6 Over1 Over1.3 OverI.6 Over2 Strength, Strength, l Rock- incl to 0.6, to l, to 1.3, to 1.6, to 2, to 2.3, BHNI RockwellC pst psi BHN wellC incl incl incl incl inc! incl

Applicableto OilQuenching or EquivalentRate .of Heat Removal

187to 91 (RB) to 95,000 75,000to 388 42 8630 8637 3140 94B40 - - - 293, inc! 33, incl to 145,000, 125,000, 8740 incl incl Over293 Over33 Over Over 409 44 94B30 3140 8642 81B45 - 4337 to 341, to 38, 145,000 125,000 4640 8645 - 98.40 incl incl to 170,000, to 150,000, 8640 8742 86B45 incl incl 8740 Over341 Over38 Over Over 455 48 3135 8642 94840 8655 4337 4340 to 388, to 42. U0,000 150,000 3140 8645 - 9840 86B45 incl incl to 190,000, to 170,000, 8637 8742 incl incl Over388 Over42 Over Over 496 51 4640 94840 4337 9840 4340 E4340 to 429, to 45, 190,000 170,000 8640 8650 8660 - 9850 incl incl to205,000, to 185,000, 8642 8655 86B45 incl incl 8645 81B45 8740 8742

Applicableto Water Quenching or EquivalentRate of lleat Removalb

187to 91 {RBlto 95,000 75,000to 388 42 8625 8630 94830 - 8637 4640 3140 293, incl 33, incl to 145,000, 125,000, 8627 8740 incl incl Over293 Over33 Over Over 409 44 8630 94B30 - - 3135c 8640 8642 to 341, to 38, 145,000 125,000 3140 8740 8645 incl incl to 170,000, to 150,000, 8637c 8742 incl inc! Over341 Over38 Over Over 455 48 8635 3135 3140 - 4640C 8645 4337 to 388, to 42, 170,000 150,000 94B30 8637 8640c 8742 8650 lncl inc! to 190,000, to 170,000, 8642 9840 incl incl 8]4QC 81.845 94B40

•Minimum as-quenched hardness for obtaining desired hardness Note I-Steels listed as approved for heavier .sections or higher after tempering at 800 F or higher. Must also meet requlrements of strengths may be used in the same conditions for lighter se.ctions and Table Ill. lower strengths. ·· Note 2-An H-steel with the same rade designation as a standard bParts made of steel with a carbon content of 0.33 per cent or higher, SAE-AISI steel is capable of meeti same section and strength where the section ls under l'/2 in., should not be quenched in water requirements as the standard . ASTM Spe.clficat!on A 304), witt1out c;1reful exploration for quench-cracking. and Is. the preferred method of s . •This steel has .Insufficient himienabillty for class Q-4 parts because Note 3-Steels having a .maximum carbon content of 0.40 par cent ~c1i!~~nt location of test specimens, but Is satisfactory for smaller or.<:1ver,or e hardness of 293 BHN or over efter heat treating, are not recommended for applications involving welding.

7 12.0

60 lll.O

50 8.0 "' ..C"' -~ 'E 40 c 0 6.0 :c.. :p 0 0 .,,.. l 30 4.0 ""u a::C> 2.0

0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0..70 0.80 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 rn.o 12.0 14.o 1s.o Carbon,% Round-BarDiameter, in.

Fig. 1. Approximate dependence of hardness of as-quenched Fig. 3. Approximate relation of round-bar diameter to square steel on martensite percentage and carbon· content. Hodge bar or plate section thickness for water and oil quenches. and Orehoski.3 lamont. 4

NonscalingAtmosphere AirAtmosphere, Scaling 4 QuenchingMl)dillm 1. 81'ine,Violent aiitation .5 3 2. Water,200 fpm .: 3. StUIWater ..."' 4. Oil 75llfpm 'E 2 5. 00, 200 fpm 6. Oil,50 film !E .!! 7. Still00 Cl

0 4

.5 3 ...... : 0 -:;. 2 ;; E i:5"'

0 4 ~v ...... - .,,,,,..~ - ~ - ,:::: ~ - ./ .5 3 ...... ~ :;;.....- .: / ~ ~ "' 5" ....,. ... 4" ? r--7 'E 2 ~ ~ "-6 !!.. / ~ ~ ..E Center V ci V: & )~ 1:7

0 0 4 8 12 ts 20 24 28 32 36 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 EquivalentDistance from QuenchedEnd of the tlardenallilitySpecimen, sixteenths of an inch

Fig. 2. Correlation of equivalent cooling rates in the end-quenched hardenability specimen and round bars quenched in oif, water and brine. 2• "· 5

8 TABLE Ill

Correlation of Carbon Content with Hardne1•; of As-Quenched Microstructures Containing 50% and 80% Martensite

NominalCarbon Contentof Steel,% 0.25 0.27 0.30 0.32 0.35 0.37 0.40 0.42 0.45 0.47 0.50 0.53 0.55 0.60 0.63 0.68

RockwellC Hardness Martensite,50% 34 35 37 38 39 40 42 43 45 46 47 48 48 50 51 52 RockwellC Hardness Martensite,80% 38 .39 41 42 43 44 46 47 49 50 51 52 52 54 55 56

60

55

50

45

5 =i 35 u l 30 "' 25

15

10

18 24 32 Distancefrom Oueacbed End, stxteonths of anInch

Points M.ethod Descriptionof Method onGraph TypicalExample

A Minimumand maximumhardness values at a desireddistance A-A J43/54= 3/16 in. 139= 4/ 16 in. to 9/16 in. B A desiredhardness value at minimumand maximum distance B-B {nearest1/ 16 in. to left for min andto right for maxl JSO= 5/ 16 in. max C Twomaximum hardness values at two desireddistances C-C J34 - 12116 in. max J35 = 5/16 in. min D Twominimum hardness values at two desireddistances D·D J2l = 16/ 16 in. min

Fig. 4. Hardenability band of 8630H steel and alternate methods for designating Jominy end-quench hardenability. AISI1 0 and SAE.13

9 HARDENABlllTY DATA

STANDARD NICKEL ALLOY STEELS

This section presents hardenability data on nickel alloy steels which are standard compositions in one of the following specification systems:

• AISI-SAE Standard Steels, "1965 SAE Handbook," the AISI-SAE prefix being omitted for brevity. • AMS (Aerospace Materials Specification) Standard Steels. • AISI Standard Tool Steel, ''Tool Steels," April 1963.

End-Quench Data Steel Type Page No. Steel Type Page No. 4320H ...... 11 8660H ...... 23 4340H ...... 11 8720H ...... •....•.... 24 E4340H ...... 12 8740H ...... 24 4615 ...... 12 8822H . • ...... 25 4620H ...... 13 9310H ...... , 25 4621H ...... 13 4626 (0.70-1.00% Ni) ...... 14 81845H ...... 26 4718H ...... •...... 14 86845H ...... 26 4720H ...... •...... 15 94815H ...... 27 4815H . . • • ...... 15 94817H ...... •...... 27 4815 (1.0 C}, carburized ...... 16 94830H ...... 28 4817H •...... "" . . • ...... 16 4820H ...... • 17 AMS 6416 (300-M) ...... 28 AMS 6418 ...... 29 8617H ...... 17 AMS 6428 and 6434 ...... 29 8620H ...... 18 8622H ...... 18 AISI l6 Tool ...... 29 8625H ...... 19 8627H ...... 19 Cooling Transformation 8630H .•...... 20 Diagrams 8637H ...... 20 Steel Type Page No. 8640H ...... 21 4340 ...... 30 8642H ...... 21 4815 ...... 30 8645H ...... 22 8620 ...... 31 8650H ...... 2.2 8630 ...... 31 8655H ...... 23 8640 ...... 32 Hardenabillty Band for 4320H HardnessLimits C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo "J" Distance 4320K Sixteenths 0.17-0.23 0.40-0.70 0_10-0.35 1.55-2.00 0.35-0.65 0.20-0.30 of an Inch Max Min 1 48 41 2 47 38 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness location in Round Quench 3 45 35 3.8 Sllrf•ce Mild 32 4 43 1.1 2.0 2.9 3.8 u 5.8 ij,7 ¼ Radiusfrom Centtr Water 2.a 3,9 Outnch 5 41 29 0.7 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 32 3.6 Center 38 27 6 8.8 !.8 2.5 3.0 3.~ 3.8 Surface 1 36 25 Mild 0,5 1.0 1.& 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 % Radiusfrom Center Oil 8 34 23 02 0.6 I.D: 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 Center Quench 9 33 22 65 10 31 21 It 30 20 12 29 20 60 -v,-~ 28 13 - 55 14 27 - 15 27 - - 16 26 .,.. 50 C ~--"' ,_ 18 25 - 25 - ~ 45 20 ~ - 22 24 - u - 24 - 24 - 'ii 40 ' ~ u " 26 24 - ~ ~ 28 24 - ii 35 -- 30 24 - - 32 24 - ., - 30 ' ' - Keat Treatini Temperatures Recommendedby SAE 25 -- "Nor111;1fizet700 F :---r---- Austenitile 1100f 20 - 2 4 6 n ~ R ~ ~ ~ 32 • Forfaried or rolledspecimens only. a • w m w n Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

Hanfnasslimits Hardenability Band for 4 340H "J" Distance 4340H Si Ni Cr Ma Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.37-0.44 0.55-0.90 010-0.35 l.55·2.00 0.65-0.95 t 60 53 2 60 53 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness Locatieillill Round Quench 3 60 53 3.1 &Kt.ca 4 60 53 Miki 1.1 2.0 2..9 3.8 u 5.1 6.7 !/4Radioi - Center Wrttr 5 60 53 o.1 1.2 t6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.9 Comer Quench 6 60 53 . 7 60 53 o.a 1.8 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 Surface Mild 8 60 52 0.5 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 16 4.0 ¾~adiuafrvltlCQler Oil 11.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 Centi! Quench 9 60 52 10 60 52 65 11 59 51 12 59 51 60 13 59 50 14 58 49 55 15 58 49 16 58 48 - 18 58 47 m 20 57 46 22 57 45 c., 24 57 44 ; 40 ti 26 57 43 0 28 56 42 cc: 35 30 56 41 32 56 40 30 -- HeatTreating Temperatures Recommendedby SAE 25 •Normalize 1600F Austenitize1550 F 20 • For forgedor rolledspecimens only. 2 4 6 8 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inch

11 HanfneuUmfts Hardenability Band for E4340H "JMDistance E4340H C Mn Si Ni Cr Ma Sixteenths cf an Inell Max Min 0.37-0.44 0.60.•0;95 0.20-0.35 1.55·2,00 0.65·0.95 D.20-0.30 1 60 53 2 60 53 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness location in Round Quench 60 3 53 3.8 Surf•ce 4 60 53 Mild I.I w 2.9 3.8 4.8 5.8 6.1 ¾ RadJusfrom Cenjer Water 5 60 53 0.1 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 32 3.6 3.9 Cooler Quench 6 60 53 7 60 53 0.8 u 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 Surf•ce Mild 8 60 53 o.s 1.G 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¼ Radi!ISfrom Center Oil 0.2 o.e I.I) 1.4 t.1 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 Cenler lluench 9 60 53 65 T 10 60 53 ... H 60 53 12 60 53 60 m l3 60 52 14 59 52 55 ts 59 52 t6 59 51 18 58 51 20 58 50 22 58 49 24 57 48 26 57 47 28 57 46 30 57 45 57 32 44 30 HeatT!"Ntllll Temperatures Recommendedby SAE 25 •Normalize 1600f Austellltlztf550 F 20 . •For forled or rolledspecimens only. 2 4 6 a ro 12 M w ffi 20 a M 28 28 ~ ~ Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inch

60 100 \ (MU5 Mn-0.63 \ Ni-1.90 Mo-024 50 80 \ AustenltiZooat. 1700 f 4615 ... l %Martensite C:"' \ GrainSize: 8 1iol!;. 40 60 ,,; ~ lepnd :c ~ u Maelilll'tlllslte .1= 8alnlte C: f=fwritt P=hlltite t:.. ; 30 40 & U.S.steel Atlas25 ::E"' ..C, a:: 20 20

10 ------0

M~~ M+B+F+P

0 a 16 24 32 40 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteentlts of an inch

12 Hardnesslimits Hardenability Band for 46201-1

"i" llis.tance 4620H C Mn S1 Hi Mo Sixteenths of an Inch Max Mill OJ7-0.23 0.35-0JS 0.20-0.35 l.55-2.00 .o.20-0.30 l 48 41 2 45 35 Qiametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness location in Round Quench J 42 21 3.8 Surface 4 39 24 Mild 1.1 2.0 2.9 3.t 4.8 5.8 6.1 :l/4Ridiut from Center Water 5 34 21 0.7 1.2 ti 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.9 Cinter Quench 6 31 - 7 29 - u 1.8 2.5 ao 3.4 3.8 Surf•·· Mild 8 27 - D.5 1.6 2.0 2.8 3.2 16 4.0 ¾ Radio¢fram Center Oil 2.8 3-l center Quench ii 26 - fl) 25 - 65 ti 24 - 12 23 - 110 13 22 - 14 22 - 55 15 22 - 16 21 - ...... 50 18 21 - ~ 20 20 - l 4s 22 -- u"" 24 " - i 40 26 - - 28 - - 135 30 - - 32 - - 30 HeatTrutmr Temperatures llecoRll'l\1\llded!iySAE 25 •NOttU!i:O J700I' AustemtiUmm f 20 •for forgedor rolledspeelmens Ollly. 2 4 6 II 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 2G 28 30 32 Oistancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths or an inel!

HardnessLimits Hardenability Band for 4621H ".I" Distance 462JK C Mn Si Hi Mo Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.17-D.23 O,li!HOO 020-0.35 t.55-2.00 020-0.30 1 48 41 2 47 38 ll!ametersof Roundswith sameas QuenchedHardness LocatlooIn Round Quem:h 3 46 34 4 44 30 3.8 Surface 1111d u 2.0 2.1 u 4J 5.8 6.1 ¾ w.. , mmCenter Water 5 41 27 0.7 t.2 UI 2.0 2.4 3.2 3.6 3.9 ewer lluoncb 6 37 25 1 34 23 0.8 u 2.5 3.0 3.-4 3.8 Surface Mild 8 32 22 o.s to 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 u 3.8 4.0 ¾ Radiustram Center Off 2.ll 2.4 2.8 3.1 Ctntor QlltllClt 9 30 20 lll 28 - 11 27 - 12 26 - f3 26 - 14 25 - 15 25 - 16 24 - 18 24 - 20 23 - 22 23 - 24 22 - 26 22 - 28 22 - 30 21 - 32 21 - HeatTreatina; Temperatures Recommendedby SAE "Normatize HOOF Austenitize1700 f • For for,ed or reffedspecimens only. 2 4 6 a ro n u ~ w ~ 22 ~ ~ u 30 ~ Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inch

13 HanlnessLimits Hardenability Band for 4626 Steel·• "J" Distance 4626 C Mn Si Ni Mo Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.24-0.28 0.45-0.65 0.20-0.35 8.70-1.00 0.15-0.25 1 51 45 2 48 35 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness locationin Round 28 Quench 3 43 Surf.ace 4 36 24 u Mild l.1 2,0 2.9 3.8 4.8 $.8 6.7 ¾ Radiusfrom Center Y. Jter 5 31 21 0.7 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.S Center t.•nch 6 27 - 7 25 - o.a 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 SUrface 8 24 - 0.5 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¼ Radiusfrom Center 2.4 2.8 3.1 Center 9 23 - to 23 - 65 11 22 - t2 22 - so 13 21 - 14 21 - 55 15 21 - 16 20 - .,.. 50 18 - - ...""' 20 - - j 45 22 - - u 24 - - 'ii 411 .! 26 - - 28 - - j 35 30 - - 32 - - 30 Heattrut1111 Temptratures Recolllll!eftdedby lnco 25 •tfflfflalia tJOOF Austanit!Ze1100 F 20 8 •for fottedor rolledSpteimens only, 2 4 6 10 12 14 lfi 16 20 22 24 26 26 30 32 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd. sixteenths of an inch

** Mot•• AISI-SJ.Ehand. based OIi 12(1,roduction heats.

Hardenabillty Band for 4718H HardnessUmitS MrO!stance 4718H C MIi Si Ni Cr Mo Sixteenths 0.6-1.25 0.30•UO 0.30.0.40 of an!llcil Max MIii I0.15-0.21 Ull·o.95 lU0·0.35 1 41 411 2 41 41.! Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness l.eeatlonill Round Quench 3 45 38 3.8 Surface 4 43 33 lllld u 2.0 2.9 u u 5.8 &.7 ¾ tad°IIISfrO!I> Center Water 5 411 29 ll.7 u t.6 2.Q 2.-4 2.8 3.2 3,& 3.9 Center Queaclt 6 37 27 . 1 35 25 o:a u 2.5 3.0 3.4 u Surface Miki 8 33 24 11.5 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3,6 4.0 ¼ RadiusfrGm Centtt on 11.2: 0.6 1.0 u u 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 Center Oltench 9 32 23 10 31 22 65 u 30 22 12 29 21 60 13 29 21 14 28 21 55 15 21 20 16 27 20 18 27 - 20 26 - 22 26 u - ' 24 25 - 'ii 40 26 25 - i 28 24 "" 35 I ' ' - 30 24 - 32 24 - 30 HeatTreatln1 Temptratures Recommendedby SA£ 25 • Normalize1100 F Austellitize1700 F 20 2 ~ ~ ~ 30 ~ • for forcedor rolledspecimens only. 4 6 a ro u u ra n u n - Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inell

14 Hardnessl.lmlts Hardenabllity Band for 4720H "J" Distance 472011 C M« Si Hi Cr Mo Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min OJ7-0.23 0.45-0.75 0.2()-0.35 6.85-1.25 0.30-0.60 0.15-0.25 1 48 41 2 47 39 Diametersof Roundswitlt Same .asQuenched Hardness location in Round Quench 3 43 31 3.8 .Surface 4 39 27 Mild u 2.0 2.9 3.8 u 5.8 6.7 ¼ Radiusfrom Center Water 5 35 23 0.7 1.2 f.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.fi 3.9 Center Quench 6 32 21 7 29 - I.I 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 Surface Mild 8 28 - 1.0 1.6 ·2.0 2.4 2.8 32 3.6 4.0 ¾ Radiusfrom Center 011 o.s HI 1.4 u 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.t Center Quenclt 9 27 - to 26 - n 25 - fl 24 - 13 24 - 14 23 - 15 23 - 16 22 - 18 21 - 20 21 - 22 21 - ... 24 20 - ;... 40 26 - - .. 28 - - ~ 35 30 - - 32 - - 30 NeatTieatill1 Temperatures lecommem/edbf SA£ 2S •Nonnalin 2700F AustenltiZe1700 F 20 • For tora:ooor .rolled spaclmens only. 2 4 6 e m a M w w 20 n M • u ~ n Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, slxteenthS of an lnch

Hardnessl.lm!ts Hardenablllty Band for 4U5H "JHDistlll'IC& 481511 MIi Si Ni Silt&&nths of anInell Max .Min 1 45 38 2 44 31 l.l!amewnof Roundswith Samus Quenchedllardnus Locationin Round Quench 3 44 34 3.1 42 30 MIid 4 l.1 2.0 19 U U U 6.7 3/4l!&dl!!i lmr! C.ntar Wtttt 5 41 27 Canter llalfldl 6 39 24 7 37 22 11.1 1.1 2.5 3.0 3.4 U 8 35 2t t7 2.0 2.4 2.8 :u C.llttt 9 33 20 10 31 - 65 H 30 - 12 29 - 60 13 28 - 14 28 - 55 15 27 - 16 27 - l8 26 - 20 25 - 22 24 - 24 24 - 26 24 - 211 23 - 30 23 - 32 23 - 30 KeatTreatill1 Temimatlll'es Recommendedby SAE 25 •11ormalze1700 F lt!$tt111tlze1550 F 2 4 6 ~ ~ ~ ~ • for forfedor rolledspecimens only. e ro u u m m u u n Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, slxteentlls of III Inell

15 60 100 %Martensite 50 80 4815(1.0 C) .,. Carburized ..CD C i,,:: 1: 40 -· ---~ so ,.; ::c.. Ul.97 Mn-0.52 ·;;;; ~ Hi-3.36 Mo--0.19 -= .; ~ 1 30 Austenitlzedat 1800f 40 :E.. Cl.. a:: GrainSize: 7 20 Lapnd 20 As Austtnltt 11• llartensltt f=flftitt B=Bainlte 10 U.S Steel Atlas8 0 l A+M rt, A+M+8

8 16 24 32 40 Distancefrom .Quenched End, siitteenths of an inch

Hardenability Sam! for 4817H ~ldn1$S limit$ •J• Distance ffl7II C Mn Siltffntl!s If an lnclt .Mu Min O.t4-UO 0.30-IUO 1 46 39 2 46 38 lllametm of Rounc!swith Sameas QuenchedHardness Locationin Round Quench 3 45 35 U Surface 32 4 44 ·u 2.ll 2.1 U U 5.8 6.1 -----+---3/,~ 4 Rtdiuicf,:,,_m Center--~ 5 42 29 0 1.2 t.8 2JI 2.4 U 32 3.6 3.! Center 41 6 27 Surface 1 39 25 t.8 . 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 8 37 23 1.0 I.I 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¼ RadiUcfrom Center OJ 1.01.4 J.12.1)2.4 2.13.t Center I 35 22 111 33 2t u 32 20 12 31 20 60 13 30 - 1.4 21 - 55 15 28 - 16 28 - 18 27 - 20 26 - 22 25 - 24 25 - 26 25 - 28 25 - 30 24 - 32 24 - 30 HeatTreat1n1 Temperatura ttecommtndtlfby SAE 25 • 11ormalilt1700 f Austemtlzt1550 f 20 2 4 6 8 W U t4 ~ M 20 U 24 26 28 30 32 •Fortarred or rolle!Ispecim ■II$ .only. Ol$tanctfrom Quenched End, sixteenths of an Inch

16 KanlnessLimits Hardenablllty Band for 4820H

"1" Distance 4820H C Mn SI Hi Mo Sixtee11ths of an Inch Mn Min 0.17-0.23 0.40-0.80 0.20-0.35 3.20-3,80 0.20·0.30 1 48 41 2 4ll 40 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness location in Round Quench 3 47 39 4 4& 38 3.1 Sartoct 1111d 1.1 2.0 2.9 3.8 4.1 5.8 u ¾ •~us fromtuhr Wlllr 5 45 34 0.7 u I.B 2.0 2.4 2.1 32 3.6 l.9 Center QIMIICII 6 43 31 7 42 29 0.8 1.8 2.5 3.0 14 3.8 Sar!•~· tllld 8 40 27 o.s 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.11 ¼ bdlus fromCenter OIi 02 O.& 1.0 1.4 t.7 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 Ceattr Quenc- 9 39 26 10 37 25 6.5 11 36 24 12 35 23 60 13 34 22 14 33 22 55 15 32 21 16 3! 21 ..., 50 18 29 20 ...C 20 28 20 i 45 22 28 - ... 24 27 - ; 40 26 27 - ..... 28 26 - "".. 35 30 26 - 32 25 - 30 HeatIrt1atina: Temperatures Recommendedby SAE 25 "HormaliZe HOOF Austenitile 155.0F 20 •ror foried or rolledspecinlens only. 2 4 6 8 10 t2 14 t& 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths If an inch

Hanlnesslimits Hardenablfity. Band for 8617H •J" Distance 8617K C Mn Si Hi Cr Mo Sixteentlls of an melt Max Min 0.14•0.20 0.60-o.95 0.20·0.35 8.35-U5 U5•U5 0.15·0.25 1 46 39 2 33 Diametersof. Roonds. with Sameas QuenchedHardness Locationill Round Quench 3 4t 27 Surface 4 38" 24 ,.. Mild 1.1 2.0 ll 3.1 ... 5.8 u ¾ Radiusfrtm Center 5 34 20 u u l.t u 2.4 u u 3.1 3.9 Centlr ,c.enc1t•• Ii 31 - 1 28 - c.a 1.1 2.5 3.ll :u 3.1 S!lrface llild 8 27 - o.5 to 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.1 4.0 ¼ Radiusfrom Center Oil, 112 ILi UI u u 2.0 2.4 1• 3.1 Center Clutrtch 9 .. 26 - 10 25 - 65 n 24 - 12.• 23 - &O t3 23 - 14 22 - 55 f5 22 - 16 21 - :I 50 18 21 - ~ 20 20 - ,.,,1i 45 22 - - ... 24 - - ; 40 26 - - i 28 - - CIO 35 30 - - 32 - - 30 HeatTreating Temperatures Reeornmelldedby SAE 25 •HormaliZe 1700f Austenltile. noo f 20 •ror for&edor rolledspecimen£ only. 2 .. 6 11 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, slxteentlls of en Inell

17 HanlnissUmits Hardenablllty Band for 8620H "J" Distance 8620K C Mn SI Ni er Mo Sixtnnths 0.17-0.23 8.60-0.95 0.20-D.35 0.35-0.75 of an Inch Max Min 0.35-0.65 0.15-8.25 t 48 41 2 47 37 Diametersof llo111JdsWith S,ime as QuenchedHardness locationin Round Quench 3 44 32 3.8 Surface MIid 4 41 27 u 2J) 2.9 3.8 0 s.a 6.7 ¼ Rldiu$ frllmCenter W.ter 5 37 23 0.7 u UI 2.11 2.4 2.1 3.2 3.6 3.9 Center Quench 6 34 21 7 32 - a.a 1.8 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 Surface MIid 8 30 - Q.5 1.8 2.0 2.◄ 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¼ lladlu: from Center 011 2.4 2.8 3.1 Cenlt( Quench s 29 - 10 28 - 65 11 27 - 12 26 - 60 13 25 - 14 25 - 55 15 24 - 16 24 - :t 50 18 23 - : 21.1 23 - j 45 22 23 - u 2( 23 - 26 23 - 28 22 - 1: 30 22 - 32 22 - 30 iltat T~ Ttmjltr•tures 1!~11,sAE 25 •1orma•11011 f lti$t11nltlm111111 f 20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 21.1 23 24 26 28 30 32 • Forforced or rolledspecimens only. Distancefrom Quenched End, sixteenths of an Inch

t1an1nmt11111ts Hardenablllty Band for 8622H "J"Distance 8622H C Mn Si Ni er Mo Sixteenths us-a.2s of an fl!ch Max Min o.60-0.SS 0.20-0.35 0.35•0.75 0.35-0.65 0.15-0.25 t 50 43 2 49 39 Diameters!'If Roufflls With Same as QuenchedHardness Locationin Round 3 41 34 3.8 Surface 4 44 30 1.1 2.0 2.9 3.8 .u 5.8 6.1 3,4 Racliusfrllm Center s 40 26 Q.7 1.2 u 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.9 Center 6 37 24 7 34 22 a.a 1.8 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 Surface Mild a 32 20 2.0 2.4 u 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¼ J!adiuofrom Center Oil 1.1 2.0 2.4 2.8 3J Center Quench s 31 - fl! 30 - 65 11 2$ - 12 28 - 60 13 27 - 14 26 - 55 $5 26 - 16 25 - ...,, 50 18 25 - ..C 20 24 - I 45 22 24 - =u 24 24 - 'ii 40 .! 26 24 - g 28 24 - "" 35 30 24 - 32 24 - 30 HeatTreat1111 Temperatures Recommendedhy SU 25 *Normaaz,171111 f Austenltlze1100 F 20 8 10 12 16 t8 • Forfor&ed or row specimensonly. 2 4 6 14 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

18 Hardnesslimits Hardenabillty Band f.or 8625H "J" Distance 8625H C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.22-0.2& 0.60-0.95 0.20-0.35 .0.35-0.75 0.35-0.65 0.15-0.25 t 52 45 2 51 41 Diametersof floundswith Sam.eas QuenchedHardness Locationin Round Quench 48 3 36 3.8 Surface 4 46 32 MIid 1.1 2.0 2.9 3.8 4.8 s.a 6.7 ¼ Radiusfrom Center w.ier 5 43 29 0.7 u u 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 19 Center Quench 6 40 27 7 37 25 1.8 2.5 3.0 3.4 Surface MHd 8 35 23 l.ll u ¾ Radiusfrom Center· 011 C.nttr Outncb 9 33 22 10 32 21 65 11 31 20 12 30 - 60 13 29 - t4 28 - 55 15 28 - 16 27 - .,, 50 .,"' 18 27 - C: 20 26 - ~ 45 22 26 - u= 24 26 - ; 40 .,.,_ 26 26 - g 28 25 - "" 35 30 25 - 32 25 - 30 HeatTreatin( Temperatures Recommendedl!y SAi: 25 •ffonnalize 1650f Austenitize.tSOO F 20 • for fo11edor ronedspecimens only. 2 4 6 I! 10 t2 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

Hardenablllty Band for 8627H llardneu timlts SI Hi Cr Mo ~ J" Distance 8627H C Mn Sixteenths 0.24-0.30 0.60-0.95 UIJ.11.35 0.35-0.75 D.35-11.65 0.15-0.25 of an loch Mai Min 1 54 47 2 52 43 Diametersof Roundswit!! sameas QuenchedHardness location 111Round Quench 3 50 38 3.8 Surface lllkl 4 48 35 I.I 2.0 u 3.8 ◄ .a 5.8 6.7 ¾ Radflllfro111 Center Wlttr Qffnch 5 45 32 u t.2 IJ 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 19 Center 6 43 29 Surface 7 40 27 OJ 1.t u 3.0 3.4 3.8 lllld bdlus fromCenter OH 8 38 26 0:5 Ul u 2.0 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¾ 0.2 o.a 1.G: 2.4 2.8 3.1 C.ll!tr Glltncl! 36 9 24 65 10 34 24 11 33 23 12 32 22 60 13 31 2t 14 30 21 55 15 30 20 f6 29 20 ..,... 50 18 28 ..C - 1; 45 20 28 - :c 22 28 - u 24 27 - ; 40 ...<> 26 27 - 0 28 27 - a: 35 30 27 - 32 27 - 30 HeatTreatlne Temperat11res fleccmmeruledl!y SA£ 25 • Normalize t650 F Austenitize1600 F 20 2 4 6 8 to 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 • for fora:edor rolledspecimens only. Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inch

19 HardnessLimits HardenabiUty Band for 8630H "1" Distance 8630H C Mn Si fli Cr Mo Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.27-0.33 0.60-0.95 0.20-0.35 0.35-0.75 0.35-0.65 0.15-0..25 1 56 49 2 55 46 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness location in Round Quench 3 54 43 3.8 Surf•t• 4 52 39 MIid 1.1 2.0 2.t u 4.8 u 6.7 ¼ Rildiusfrom Center Watir 5 50 35 G.7 u 1.6 2.0 :u 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.9 Cooter GUIRCh 6 47 32 1 « 29 0.8 i.a u 3.0 3.4 3.8 Sud11:e Mild 8 41 28 0.5 t.11 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 3.14Ratftus from Ctnttr 011 0.2 o.a I.O 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.8 3..1 CtRter Quench 9 39 27 to 37 26 65 H 35 25 t2 34 24 60 13 33 23 14 33 22 55 15 32 22 16 31 21 50 18 30 21 20 30 20 ,:,::i ,.s 22 29 20 (.1, 24 •. 29 - )411 26 29 - g 26 29 - "'35 30 29 - 29. 32 - 311 HeatTr11atlllf T•~•tures h:om11tt1!111edilYSAE 25 •11onna1te 16SOf Amenlt!D· 1600f 20 • For fol'led or rolledspecimens only. 2 4 6 8 1.0 12 M 16 tll 20. 22 24 26 28 30 32 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

ffanlnessumiu HardenabHity Band for 8637H "l" Distance 16371{ C MIi Si tli Cr Mo Sixteenths o.35.o.75 of an lllch Max Min 0.34-o.-41 0,70-1.05 0.20-11.35 11.35-0.65 ··.. 1 59 52 2 58 51 Oiamet¢f#of R!lundswjth Salffllas QuenchedHardness locationin Round 'Quench 3 58 so 3l Sarfaca 4 57 48 lllld I.I 2.0 2.t u u 5.8 6.7 ¾ Radiuskom ~ Wattr 5 56 45 u 1.2 u 2.0 2.4 2.8 32 3..6 3.9 Ctnttr llulflCh 6 55 42 1 &4 39 u tJ 2.5 3.0 3.4 3..8 Sudm MIid 8 53 36 G.$ 1.0 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3..6 4.ll ¾ ladius from C.llttr OIi 02 11.G t.ll 1.4 1.1 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 t.llllr Clutach 9 51 34 to 49 32 65 11 47 31 12 46 30 60 1.3 « 29 14 43 28 55 15 41 27 16 411 26 :I 50 18 39 25 ..,, ,45 20 37 25 :z:t 22 36 24 u 24 36 24 26 35 24 i"°g 28 35 24 ,.. 35 30 35 23 32 35 23 30 HeatTreat1n1 Temperatures Recommendedbf SAE 25 • Normalize 1600f Austenltlze1550 f 20 28 • Forftf'led or rolledq,eclment only. 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2ll . 22 24 26 30 32 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inch

20 HardnessLimits Hardenability Band for 8640H & 8641H** "J" Dista11ce 8640H& 8641H C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.37-0.44 0.70-1.05 0.20-0.35 0.35-0.75 !l.35-0.65 0.15·0.25 I 60 53 .. Sul/urcontent J;W / .000 par cent NOfflandarosteet 2 60 53 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness locationin Round Quench 61) 3 52 3.8 4 59 St Surface Mild 1.l 2.0 2.9 3.8 4.ll 5.8 6.7 3f4RadiU$ fNlm Center W&ttr 5 59 49 0.7 l.2 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.9 Center Quench 6 58 46 7 !i7 42 u 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.ll Surfac• Mild 8 55 39 1.0 i.& 2.8 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¾ bdius from Centlr Dlf 2.11 2.4 2.8 3.1 Center Quench 9 54 36 10 52 34 11 50 32 12 49 31 t3 47 30 t4 45 29 15 44 28 16 42 28 18 41 26 20 39 26 22 38 25 24 38 25 26 37 24 26 37 24 31.1 37 24 32 37 24 !!eatT111ating Temperaturu Recommemledby SAE "Norma~ 1600F Allsttl!itlle1550 F • for fo(ied or roUed$1111i:lmenJ only. 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 111 20 22 24 26 28 3!! 32 Distancefrom Quenched End, sixteenths of an Inell

HardnessUmits Hardenabllity Band for 8542H ~r Distance 8642H C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo Sixteent.l!S 111a11 Incl! Max Min. ll.39·0.4$ 11.70-t.05 0.20-0.35 1).35-G.75 l).35-11Jl5 O.t5•ll.25 1 62 55 2 62 54 lHameters91 Rounds with Samees ouenche!IHardness t.ocatioll111 Ream! Quench 62 53 3 u Sarface 4 61 52 1111d u 2.0 2.& 3.8 4.8 5.8 u ¾ Radius_from Center Wattr 5 61 50 G.1 t.2 t.G 2.ll 2.4 2.8 3.2 :u 3.9 Center Quench 6 60 48 1 59 45 !I.I u 2.5 3.0 l.4 l.8 SUrfact Mild fl 58 42 11.5 to 1.& 2.0 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¾ lltdl11tfrom Centv OU u UI 3.1 eent,r Quench 9 57 39 10 55 37 65 H· 54 34 12 52 33 60 13 50 32 14 49 31 55 15 48 30 16 46 29 ..,.. 5{i 18 44 23 .. 20 42 28 ! 45 22 41 27 ""(.,> 24 40 21 )40 26 40 26 g 28 39 26 "" 35 30 39 26 32 39 26 30 !!eat TreatingTemjltratures lecommendedby SAE 25 *Norma~ t600F AusterutlzO1500 F • 20 •ror for,:edur rolled$J!tClmens only. 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Distancefrom Quenched End, sltteeuths o1 an inch

21 HardenablHty Band HardnessLimits for 8645H ~r Distance 8645H C Mn Si Ni Cr Ml! Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.42·0.49 0.70-Ul!i 0.20·0.35 0.35-0.75 0.35-0.65 0.15-D.25 1 63 $6 2 63 56 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness locationin Round Quench 3 63 55 3.8 Surface 4 63 54 MIid I.I w 2'9 3.8 4.8 5.8 u ¾ Radiusfrom Center Water 5 62 52 ll7 1.2 1.6 2'0 u u 32 3.6 3.9 Center Quench 6 61 50 1 61 48 0.8 l.8 2'5 3.0 3.4 3.8 Sur!aca Mllcl 8 60 45 0.5 to u 2'4 2.8 32 3.6 4.0 ¾ Radiusfrom Celtllr OU 1.7 2'0 2'4 28 3.1 Center Qutfteh 9 59 41 10 58 39 65 11 5& 37 12 55 35 60 13 54 34 14 52 33 55 15 51 32 16 49 31 ::I 50 18 47 30 ..c:: -_ 45 20 45 29 :c 22 43 28 ... 42 28 24 .. 140 26 42 27 28 41 27 .,. 35 30 4t 27 32 41 27 30 HeatTmtiaf temperatll!'u ltffiammenddllf SA£ 25 "lomldZll 1000f Atlsmltlzc ·t550F 21l 24 26 32 • rer ferpl orrollel!. specimens only. 22 28 30 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd;.slxteentlls of an Inch

ffania"5IJll!lts Hardenablllty Band for 8650H •JftOiStanc, 8650H C Mn Si NI Cr Ma Slxmllttls of u1ncll Mu Min 0.47•11.54 11.70-1.05 11.20-US G.35-1175 G.35-0.65 0.15-0.25 1 65 59 2 65 58 Ciametersof loulldswltll Sameas QuenehedHardnm Locationill Round Quench 3 65 57 3.1• Sudau 4 57 Mild 84 I.I 1ll 2.t 3.8 -u 5.6 1.7 ¼Radlufmtta Water 5 84 56. G.1 u u u 2'4 2.8 32 3.6 3.9 Cellltr Gultld\ 6 63 54 7 li3 53 ll8 u Ui 3.0 3.4 3.8 Surf- 8 62 so t.& 2.11 2'4 2.8 32 3.6 4.0 ¾ Rad1II$fro!ll Center 2.11 2'4 2.8 3.T Center II 61 47 10 $0 44 65 11 00 41 12 59. 39 60 13 58 37 14 58 36 55 15 57 35 16 56 34 =i 50 18 55 33 ..C 20 53 32 ! 4s 22 52 31 ... 24 50 31 ...; 40 26 49 30 ..C 28 47 30 ""35 30 46 29 32 45 .29 30 Kut Tmtll\i Temperatures llecommendedlly SAE 25 •1ormaliu 1600f Austeilltllt·1550 f .20 16 *forforied or rolltll specimen, only. 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 tll 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Dlttancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inch

22 Han!nesslimits HardenabUlty Band for 8655H "J" Distance 8655H C Mn Si Ni Mo Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.50-0.60 0.70 · l05 0.20°0.35 0.35-0.75 6.35-0.65 0.15-0.25 1 - 60 2 - ~ Diametersof RoundsWith Sama as QuenchedHardness Locationin Round Quench 3 59 3.8 Surlac. 4 58 Miki - 1.t . 2.0 2.9 3.8 4.1 5.8 8.7 ¼ Rldlusfrom C.llter Wmr 5 - 57 Q.7 12 ti 2.0 u u 3.2 3.6 1.9 C.nter Quencft 6 - 56 7 - 55 o.a 1.8 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 SUrtJce Mild 8 - 54 G.5 t.ll 1.6 2.0 2.B 32 3.8 4.0 ¾ lladlwlkO!!i C.ntlr OIi 2.4 u 3.t Center llaonch 9 - 52 10 65 ·4$ 11 65 4$ n 64 43 13 64 41 14 63 40 15 63 39 16 . 62 38 18 61 37 20 60 35 22 59 34 24 56 34 26 57 33 28 56 33 30 55 32 32 53 32 Km. Tmtil!JTemperatures lffl!lllllWIII - SAE •~. 1600f Antenltlze.15511 f 12 14 16 24 28 30 32 •for (Offed or roll4!dspectmw only. Distancefrom Quenched End, sixteenths of an inch

Hardnesstlrnlts Hardenabllity Band for 8660H

"J" DistallCt· 8660H C Mn SI SixtHlltM 0.55-a&s '711-lOS 0.20,6.35 ~~an j OJSC:0.65·.1 of an Inch Mu Min I ,:~I t - 60 2 - 60 lllimetersof RQundswtth Sameas Quenchedllardnffl t.oc,&n In Round Quench 3 - 60 3.8 surtace 4 - 60 t.t 2.0 u 3.8 4.1 5.8 6.7 1/4Rld1us klllt Clatlr ._.•• 5 - 60 D.7 1.t t6 2.0 :u 2.B 3.2 3.6 3.9 Clater - 6 - 59 7 - 58 o.e 1.6 2.5 10 3.4 3.8 Sadat 8 - 57 1.0 1.$ 2.0 Z.4 u 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¾ Rld1Ulklllt Cltttfr OIi t7 2.0 2.4 u 3.1 Cltttfr au...i,- II - 55 ti) - 53 65 II - 50 12 - 41 60 t3 - 45 14 - 44 55 15 - 43 t6 65 42 : 50 18 64 40 ..C 20 64 39 ~:z: 45 22 63 38 ... 24 62 37 ...; 40 26 62 36 0.. 28 61 36 "" 35 30 60 35 32 60 35 30 HeatTreatlnc Temperatures Recommended.by SAE 25 "Norma!izt160tH Austell!tlzt1550 F 20 4 8 ID U M $ U ff ~ ~ 32 •ror toried or rolleclspecimens only. 6 W U m Distancefrom Quenched End, tlxtaelltlls of 111Inch

23 HardnessUmlts Hanlenability Band for 8720ff "I" Distance 8720H C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.17-0.23 0.60-0.95 0.20-0.35 0.35-0.75 0.35-0.65 0.20-0.30 1 48 41 2 47 38 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness location in Round Quench 45 35 3 3.8 Surface 4 42 30 IIRd u 2.0 2.9 3.1 4.8 5.8 6.7 ¾ Radiustram Center Water 5 38 26 0.1 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3;6 3;9 Center Quench 6 35 24 7 33 22 0.8 1.8 2.5 3.0 u 3.8 Surfac• Mild 8 3t 21 0.5 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3;6 4.0 ¾ Radiustram Center OH 11.2 O.& tG u 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 Center Quonch 9 30 20 to 29 - 65 11 28 - 12 27 - 60 13 26 - 14 26 - 5.5 15 25 - 16 25 - .. 50 18 24 - ..C 'E 45 20 24 - ~ 22 23 - c.> 24 23 - =40 26 23 - ! 28 23 - & 35 30 22 - 32 22 - 30 HeatTreatiffg Tflllj!lfitures teeooiml!llllu11y s,-E 25 "kma!ize 1100f mtenlt!U 1100f 20 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 28 •For forgedor tolJtdSjleCimens only. 22 26 30 32 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, mteentlls cf an_ Inell

Hanlnesslimits Hardenabllity Band for 8740ff MJMDis~nct 8740!! C Si Ni Cr Mo Slxteentlls of an Inell Mu Min 0.37.o.44 0.20-0.35 0.35-0.65 0.2(1-11.30 t 60 53 2 60 53 Diameterscf Round_sIWitll Same as QuenchedHardness locationIn Round Quench 3 60 52 3.8 Surflct 4 60 51 Mild ·u 2.0 19 3.8 ... 5.8 6.7 3/4lladlus tram Center Water 5 59 49 11.7 l.2 u 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.9 Center llatnch 6 58 46 o.a ti 2.5 3.0 3.-4 u Surfaco 7 57 -· 43 Mild 8 56 40 0.5 .1.0 2.8 3.2 3.8 4.0 ¾. Radiustram Center Oil 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 Center Quench 9 55 37 10 53 35 65 n 52 34 12 50 32 60 13 49 31 14 48 31 55 15 46 30 45 t6 29 .,..,.. 50 18 43 28 C 20 42 28 :z:1i 45 22 41 27 c.> 24 40 27 ; 40 ...: u 26 39 27 0 28 39 27 "" 35 30 38 26 32 38 26 30 HeatTreatin( Temperatures Recommendffllby SAE 25 • tlormalite 1600F J11$tenltlze1550 f 20 8 16 18 20 28 30 32 "For for1ffllor rolledspecimens only. 2 4 6 1.0 12 14 22 24 26 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenth$ of an Inch

24 HardnessLimit:; Hardenability Band for 8822H

"i" Distance 882211 C Mn Si Ni Cr Mc Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.19-0.25 0.70-1.05 0.20-0.35 0.35·0.75 0.35-0.65 0.30-0.40 t 50 43 2 49 42 Diametersof RoundsWith Same as QuenchedHardness locationin Round Quench 3 48 39 3.8 surt~ 4 46 33 IIIJfd u 2.0 2.f 3.8 u 5.8 6.7 3/4Radius fnlffl Center WIier 5 43 29 0.7 t.2 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.9 Center Quench 6 40 27 1 37 25 0;8 1.8 2.5 3..0 .3."4 3.8 SUrtan Mild 8 35 24 o.5 1.0 1.6 2.0 u 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 3/4lla!II~ fromCenter Oil o.t t.tl 1.4 1.7 2.0 u 2.8 3.1 Centar Qutacb 9 34 24 10 33 23 65 n 32 23 t2 31 22 60 13 31 22 t4 30 22 55 15 30 21 16 29 21 .. 50 16 29 20 I 20 211 - 1 ,s 22 27 - - ... 24 27 'I 40 26 27 - ... 28 27 - ! 35 31l 27 - 32 27 - 30 fillat Tmtlllg l~t11res a.commellff!Iby SA£ 2S ~ flllllf ·Amemme 17llll f 20 *Forfoiled or rolledspecimens only. 4 12 14 2tl 22 24 26 28 30 32 Distancefrom Quenched End, sixte1tntlls of an Inell

l!anlnmUmlts Hardenabl!lty Band for 93HIH •rmstance 9310H C Mn Si Iii Cr Mo S!xtemhs cf1111hlcll Max Min .07-11.13 0.4000.10 0.20-0.35 2.95·3.55 Ulll-1.45 .08-11.15 1 43 36 2 43 3$ Dia.metersof Ro!llld$ with same as Quenchedllardneu ucatlonIn Raulld 3 43 35 3.8 4 42 34 SarfaH 1.1 2.0 2.9 3.8 4-1 5.8 6.1 ¾ Raclll!tMfll Centtlr 5 42 32 11;7 t2 1.i 2.11 2.4 2.1 3.2 3.6 3.S Center 6 42 31 1.1 2.5 3.0 7 42 30 u 3.4 3.8 Surface 1111d 6 41 29 o.5 2.11 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 ~.II ¾ Rldliot.ln!M Center I)!! 2.8 3.! Ctattr a-ct, 9 40 28 10 40 u 65 1f•· 31i 27 t2 38 26 60 13 37 26 t4 36 26 55 15 36 26 16 35 26 ., 50 18 35 26 =C: 20 35 25 ::c~ 45 22 34 25 ... 24 34 25 26 34 25 140 26 34 25 "" 35 30 33 24 32 33 24 30 lleatTm1t1ne Te~res llffllmmem!:tdllySAE 25 • Hormaau .t7llll F Allstemt!a 1550F · 20 • Forfor&ed or fCllltdspecilllm only. 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 UI 2(1 22 24 26 21 30 32 Distancefrom Quenched End, sixteenths cf .aninch

25 HardnessLimits Hardenahility Band for 81845H • l" Distance 81845H C Mn Si Mi Cr Mo B Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.42-0.49 0.70-1.05 D.20-0.35 0.f5-0.45 0.30-0.60 .08-0.15 .. 1 63 56 • *Ca• be expectedto have .0005 per cent minimumboron content 2 63 56 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness location in Round Quench 3 63 56 3.8 Surface 4 63 56 MIid 1.1 2.0 2.9 3.8 4.8 5.8 6.7 ¾ Radiusfrom Center Water 5 63 55 0.7 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 32 3.6 3.9 Cente.r Quench 6 63 54 7 62 53 0.11 1.8 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 surface Mild 8 62 51 05 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 32 3.6 4.0 314Radius from Center Oil 02 0.6 !JI 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 Center Quench 9 61 48 10 60 44 65 l1 60 41 12 59 39 60 13 58 38 - 14 57 37 55 - 15 51 36 - = -- 16 56 35 - t8 55 34 ' - 20 53 32 - 22 52 31 - 24 50 30 ~- 26 4.9 29 I 28 41 28 - 30 45 2ll 32 43 21 30 Hut TreatlntTtmjitratures Recomnt11ndedlly SAE 25 I •1eormal!u1000f AQstenitlZe1li50 f 20 ' 2 6 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 • for foiled or rolledspecimens only. 4 8 10 12 14 30 32 Distancefrom QuenchedEnt!, sixteent!IS of an irtch

ltan!nessUmlts Hardenabillty Band for 86845H "J" Distance 86845H C Mn SI Ki Cr Mo 8 Silteenths of an Inch Mil Min 0.42-o.49 tU0-1.05 0.20-0.35 0.35-0.75 0.35-ll.65 0.15-0.25 ... 1 63 56 "'"Calfbt ~tC to llaYI JIOOSper cw minlt1!uJtt11am coatellt. 2 63 56 Oia111tte11of 1!01100 witll Same as QuenchedHardness locationIn Round Quench 3 62 55 SUrfau 4 62 54 3.l lillltl u 2.8 2.9 3.8 u 5.8 6.7 3/4Radius irom Center Water 5 62 54 11.7 1~ u 2.0 2.4 2.8 32 3.6 3.9 Center Quench 6 6t 53 7 61 52 0.8 1.8 u 3.8 3.4 3.8 Surf- MIid 8 60 52 o.s UI u 2.0 u 2.8 3.2 3.6 4JI ¾ .Radiu;from Centar OM 0.2 11.6 UI u t.1 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 Center Quoncft 9 60 51 10 60 51 65 11 59 50 12 59 50 60 ... 13 59 49 14 59 48 55 15 58 48 16 58 45 .. 18 58 42 - 20 58 39 -- 22 57 37 -- 24 57 35 ~ ~ 28 57 34 - 28 57 32 30 56 32 .. 32 56 31 30 HeatTreatint Temperatures Recommendedby SAE 25 •11orma~e1600 F AustenitlZe1550 F 20 2 4 6 12 ~ N ~ ~ ~ 32 • Forforced or rolledspecimens only. s ro u w m n Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

26 HardnessLimits HardenablUty Band for 94B15H "J" llistance 94li15H C Mn Si Hi Cr Mo B Sixtee11ths of an Inch Max Min 0.12-0.18 IJ.70·1.05 0.20-0.35 0.25-0.65 0.25-0.55 .08•0.15 .. I 45 38 0 c.c,k •~•cted to ha" .1100.5per ~ mllll11111mlio111ri cont•tlt 2 45 38 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness Locationin Round 3 44 37 3.8 Surf•ct 4 44 36 1.1 2.0 2.9 3.t u 5.8 6.7 ¾ Radiusfrom Center 5 43 32 l!.7 1.2 l.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.9 Center 6 42 28 1 40 25 0.8 l.8 .2.S 3;0 3.4 3.8 SUtface MIid 8 38 23 o.s 1.11 Ui 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.11 ¾ blius f111mCenter OJI 0.2 0.6 1.11 1.4 u 2.11 2.4 2.8 3.t Center Quench 9 36 21 to 34 .20 ss ll 33 - t2 31 - 611 13 30 - 14 29 - 55 IS 28 - 16 21 - .,. 50 18 26 - i 2fl 25 - I 4s 24 - ... 23 - J40 26 23 - g 28 22 - ""35- 30 22 - 32 22 - an HeatT re•ting T empcratffls Ree~ed by SAE 25 "llorrnal!U nooF Allstenltia 1700f 20 • for foriedor rolledspeeimens only. 14 1!1 13 20 Z2 24 28 30 32 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an lrtch

HardnessLimits HardenahUlty.Band for 94B17H MJ"Oistance 941117!1 C Mn Si. Iii Cr Mo 8 Sixteenths of an Inell Max Min IUHl.20 ll.70•t.05 ll.20-0.35 0.25-IUIS 0.25-US .!ll!•0.15 .. 1 46 33 **C.Uha •~ctld tf ha'/t J)ll05 lMf tillt - bolllfl - 2 46 39 ~meters of ROlll!llsWith. Same as Quenched Hardness Location111 Round Quench 3 45 38 4 45 37 u SulflCt MIid u 2.11 2.9 3.8 4.8 5.8 6.7 ¾ bdlu flllm.Center wmr 5 44 34 o.; 1.2 1.6 2.11 u u 3.2 3.8 3.9 Ceftttr Quench 6 43 29 7 42 26 a.a 1.8 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 Surface MIid 8 41 24 I.II 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.11 ¼ 11.adlUlfrom C.irter Oil C.6 I.II 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 Ctntar lluenclt 9 40 23 10 38 21 f1 36 20 12 34 - 13 33 - 14 32 - 55 15 :n - 16 30 - ::l 50 18 28 - .. 20 27 - :cf 45 22 26 - ... 24 25 - 40 26 24 - 28 24 - 35 30 2l - 23 32 - 30 HeatTreating Temperatures Recommendedlly SAE 25 •liormal!U 1700f Austenltilt 1700F 20 2 ~ Z2 ~ ~ ~ 32 •ror tor11edor retied ipecimens only. e m n u w ra n Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, slxte.enths ilf an inch

27 HardnessUmits Hardenability Band fur 94830H "J" Distance 941130H Mn Si Ni Cr Mo 6 Sixteenths 0.70·Ul5 0.20·0.35 0.25-0.65 -0.25-0.55 .08-0.15 .. of an Inch Max Min I 56 49 • •can be expectedto nan .ooos ptr cont minimumt,pron content. 2 56 49 Diametersof RoundsWith Same as tluenchedHardness locatiOIIin Round Quench 3 55 43 3.8 S.rf•ee 4 55 43 IIUd u 2.0 2.9 3.8 u 5.8 6.7 ¾ Radiusfrcm Center Water 5 54 47 0.7 t.2 I.Ii 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.S 19 Center lluencb 6 54 46 1 53 44 a.a t.8 u 3.0 14 3.8 Surface MIid 8 S3 42 IL5 1.0 ••• 2.0 2.4 2.8: 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¾ Radiw:frQm Center on G.2 G.6 U! M u 2.0 2.~ 2.8 3.1 Center Quench 9 52 39 10 52 31 11 51 34 12 51 32 13 50 30 14 49 29 15 48 28 16 46 27 18 44 25 ;ro 42 24 22 40 23 24 38 23 26 37 22 28 35 21 30 34 21 32 34 20 HeatTreatl111 T"'ptrablres ~ IIYSA£ • Normalzt.1650 F Austeftltize16tlO r •for fOIJICIor rolled specimens only. 2 4 6 e m u M ~ m m u M a a ~ ~ Distancefrom Quenched£ml, sixteenthsof an inch

611

50 AMS6416 .,, (300-M} =C 'E... 40 :c C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo V c., 1.92 0.93 0.47 0.7 ';; 0.40 0.74 1.61 ~ 30 (Normalizedat 1700fl <.) ""'0 co: Austenitizedat 1600F 20 GrainSize: 5-6 TheInternational NickelCompany, Inc. 10

0 8 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an .Inch

28 Hardnesslimits Hardenability Band fer AMS 6418 ..

"J" Distance AMS6418 C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.23-0,28 1.20-t.50 1.JlM.70 1.65-2.00 0.20·MO 0.35-0.45 f 54 46 2 54 46 Diametersof Roundswith SamelilS QuenchedHardness Locaiionin Round Quench 3 54 46 4. 54 46 3.8 Surface MIid u 2.0 2.9 u 4.8 5.8 &.? 314Radius from Ceilter Wattr 5 54 46 8.1 u !.& 2.0 2,4 2.11 3.2 3.& 3.9 Center Quench 6 54 46 7 53 46 o.a 1.8 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 Sudace MIid 8 53 46 t.O 1.6 2.9 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¾ Radiusftctll ~ilter on M 1Jl u t7 2.0 2J 2.8 :u C.oter Quench $ 53 46 to 46 65 11 46 12 46 60 13 53 46 14 53 45 55 15 53 44 16 53 44 .,rt 50 111 53 44 20 53 44 i 45 22 53 44 ...= 24 53 . 44. 40 26 53 44 I 211 53 43 "" 35 io 53 42 32 53 41 30 Ilea!Treating Temperatures RecommendedllyAMS 25 "Normalize11001' Al!Sfe!lit!ze1$75 F 20 • Forforred or rolledspecimens cilly. 2 4 Ii 8 10 t2 t4 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an !!)ch •• Not .. AISI-SA£und. C111clbl1 Stu! Co.band basedCHI 15 huts.

AMS6428 & 6434 AISILS Tool

60 60

50 50 .,...... "'Cl> "'C C 'E 40 'E 40 ::x:"' ::x:"' Q Q 'ii C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo V :IC 30 0.32 0.72 OJ9 1.70 0.82 0.31 0.17 l 30 ....., ...u 0 0 a:: Austenitizedat 1650f a:: C Mn Si Ni Cr r«o 20 GrainSize: 6-8 20 0.68 0.80 0.25 1.40 0.65 0.20 A.0. Smith26 Annealedbars austenitize.d at 1450 and1500 f. Allegheny-LudlumSteel 10 10 Corp.bands based on 5 heats.

0 8 16 24 32 40 0 8 16 24, 32 40 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch Distancefrom Quenched End, sixteenths of an inch

29 C F Coolina:curves at indicated distancu (in.) from quenchedend 800 4340 1400

700 C-TDiagram Based on Datafrom Standard 1200 End-QuenchBar 600 C-0.41 Mn-0.87 1000 Ni-1.83 Cr-0.72 ...500 Mo-0.20 .i3 ...I! 800 Austenitizedat & ~... 400 Cooledfrom 1550F .... GrainSize: 7 600 300 Lea;end A = Austenite F =Ferrite P =-Pearlite FP= Paraferritet B = Bainite M = Martensite 400 200 t Acicularform of ferrite, classedby someas bainite.

100 Oatafrom 200 Blickwedeand Hess 21

0 2 3 5 10 20 30 50 100 200 500 1000 Time,seconds

C F

800 4815 1400

700 C-TDiagram Based on 1200 Datafrom Standard End-QuenchBar 600 C-0.14 Mn-0.45 1000 Ni-3.42 Cr-.05 500 -e Mo-0.21 .i3 ...I! 800 Austenitizedat & ~ 400 Cooledfrom 1700F t- GrainSize: 9 600 300 lea;end A = Austenite F = Ferrite P = Pearlite FP= Paraferritet B = Bainite M = Martensite 400 200 t Acicularform of ferrite, classedby someas bainite.

too Oatafrom 200 HomerResearch laboratory BethlehemSteel Co.

0 2 3 5 10 20 30 50 108 20.0 500 1000 Time,seconds

30 C F

800 8620 1400

700 C-TDiagram Based on Datafrom Standard 12110 End-QuenchBar 600 C-0.17 Mn-0.82 1000 Ni-0.52 Cr-0.50 500 Mo-0.20 s"' -E 800 Austenitizedat & i"' 400 Cooledfrom 1700 F r-"' GrainSize: 9 600 300 lefend A= Austenite F = Ferrite P = Pearlite FP= Paraferritet B = Sainite M"'Martenslte 400 201l t Acicularform of fentt•. • CalculatedTemperature classedby someas bainite. Datafrom 100 200 HomerRfflarch laborator:, BethlehemSteel, Co.

0 2 3 5 10 20 30 50 too 200 500 Time,seconds

C F Cooli111cums at illdltatell distances(In.) fromqueru:lled eml 800 8630 1400

700 C-TOlag-ram Based on 11 1200 Datafrm 2,ill. Dia End-QuenchBar 600 C-0.31 Mn-0.94 1000 Ni-0.59 Cr-0.53 ....500 Mo-0.21 .a"' A E "' 800 Austenitizedat & i 400 Cooledfrom 1700 F I-"' GrainSize: Fine 600 300 L11end A = Austenite f =Ferrite M+A P = Pearlite FP= Paraferritet B = Sainite M= Martensite 400 200 t Acicularform of ferrite, classedby someas bainite. • CalculatedTemperature Datafrom 100 200 Oedholm,Rush and Blickwede 16

0 2 3 5 10 20 30 50 100 200 500 1000 Time,seconds

31 C F I . I Coolin&'curves at lmlicated 800 distances{In.) from quenchedend 8640 ! 1400

700 C-TDiagram Based on Oat.afrom Standard 1200 End-QuenchBar 600 C-0.37 Mn-0.87 1000 Ni-0.56 Cr-0.44 500 Mo-0.18 f:?:, ~.., 800 Austenitizedat & ~.., 400 Cooledfrom 1550 F I- GrainSize: 7 600 300 Leiend M+A A = Austenite F = ferrite P = Purlite FP= Paraferritet 8 = Bainite M = Martensite 400 200 t Acicularform of ferrite, classedby someas bainlte.

100 Data.from 200 HomerResearch Laboratory BethlehemSteel Co.

0 2 3 5 10 20 30 50 100 200 500 1000 Time,seconds

32 HARDENABILITY DATA

CARBON STEELSAND NONSTANDARD NICKEL ALLOY STEELS

This section provides hardenability data on two AISI-SAE standard carbon steels and on nickel alloy steels which are classified as follows:

• Types numbered by the AISl-SAEsystem but not listed as stand­ ard compositions in the "1965 SAE Handbook." Many formerly were AISI-SAEdesignations. • Steels with SAE temporary numbers: SAE EX-1 and SAE EX-2. • Types identified by nominal alloy content su~h as "9 Nickel" or by early sponsor's name such as "Krupp."

End-Quench Data Steel Type Page No. Steel Type Page No. 1038H ...... 34 4640H ...... 45 1050 ..... ·...... 34 4695b ...... 45 SAE EX-2 ...... 45 2315 (core and case) ...... 34 4812H ...... 46 2330H ...... 35 SAE EX·1 ... : ...... 46 2340 ...... 35 2512 ...... 36 8641H ...... 21 2512 (0.4 Ca), carburized ...... 36 8695b ...... 46 2512 (0.6 Ca), carburized ...... 36 8742H ...... 47 2512 (1.0 Ca), carburized ...... 36 9315b ...... 47 2515H ...... 37 9395b ...... 47 2517H ...... 37 9840H ...... 48 9 Nickel ...... •...... 38 9850H ...... 48 3120 (core and case) ...... 38 94B40H ...... 49 3120H ...... 38 3130H ...... 39 Ni-Cr-Mo-V-Cu-B ...... 49 3140H ...... 39 2 ¾ Nickel Forging ...... 49 3310 ...... 40 2½ Ni-½ Mo-V Turbine Rotor ... 50 3310 (0.4 Ca), carburizef,i ...... 40 3¼ Ni-Cr-Mo ...... 50 3310 (0.6 Ca), carburized ...... 40 4¼ Ni-1½ Cr-1/10 Mo ...... 50 3310 (1.0 ca), carburized ...... 40 4¼ Ni-1½ Cr-½ Mo ...... 50 3310H ...... 41 3316H ...... 41 Krupp (core and case) ...... 42 Cooling Transformation Diagrams 4317 ...... 42 Steel Type Page No. 4330 ~astj ...... 42 3140 ...... 51 4337H ...... 43 4360 ...... 43 4315 ...... 51 X4620H ...... 44 4330 ...... 52 4630 ...... 44 9840 52

• Based upon a measured distance from the surface of a carburized specimen whose carbon gradient was measured; estimated carbon was 0.40%, 0.60%. etc., but method of determination precludes accuracy in the second decimal place. b Small laboratory heat.

33 Harden ability Band for llan!nus Umlts 1038H "J• Distance 103811 C Mn SI Sixteenths • of an Inch Max f!lin 0.34-0.43 0.50•1.00 0.15-0.30 ~ l 58 St 1.5 58 42 O!amet~ of Roundswi"th .Same as QuenchedHardness Locationin Round Quench 55 2 34 3.8 SUrf•ce 2.5 53 29 Mild I.I 2.0 2.9 3.8 4.8 5.8 6.7 3/4 Radi11$from Center Water 3 49 26 8.7 u 1.6 2.0 2.4 u 3.2 3.6 Center Quench 3.5 43 24 4 37 23 0.8 1.8 2.5 3.4 3.8 Surface Mild 4.5 33 22 3/4 Radiusfrom Center Oil Center Quench 5 30 22 5.5 29 21 65 6 28 :u 6.5 27 20 60 7 27 7.5 26 55 8 26 10 25 .. 5!) 12 24 ..r::: ]45 Datafrom Hardenability 14 23 :z: Bandsfor CarbonH '6 2t u Steels, SAEn76a, 140.. "1965SAE Handbook" & 35

30 HeatTreatlng Temperatures Recommeamil!y SAE 25 1650f ·~Auste!lftlze lSSO F 6 8 12 14 16 • for for1e11or rollell specimensonly. 2 4 to Distancefrom Quenched End, sixteentbs of an Inch

1050 2315

60 10.0 60 C-0.46 Mn-0.99 Austenitlzedat 1550f 50 80 50 GrainSize: 7 :: tepnd :: ..C ~ "'C 'E II= Martnsitt I= 111n11t 'E 40 40 60 ,.; «I :r."' f=hnlta P=Pdtllte ::: :r. ...C u u 11.S.Steel Atlas 25 ., .; 1:! .; 30 30 40 :IE"' ! !u u C> =C> = C Mn Si Ni 20 20 20 Case 0.9 0.50 0.21 3.36 .... Core 0.13 0.50 0.21 3.36 M\ %Martensite Austenitizedat 1700F 10 + 0 10 B GrainSize: 6-8 + ~ f ~ "'1+ ¼ f+P p

0 8 16 24 32 40 8 16 , 24 32 40 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inch

34 HardnessLimits Hardenability Band for 2330K "J" Distance 2330H C Mn Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.27 · 0.34 0.55-D.85 l 54 46 2 54 46 Diametersol Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness lacationIn Round Quench 3 S3 45 3.8 SUrfac, 4 52 42 Mild 1.1 2.0 2.9 3.t 4.8 5.8 6.7 ¾ R1dlutfrom Center Water 5 St 38 0.7 1.2 1.6 2.0 u 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.9 Cellter Quonch 6 50 34 7 48 30 0.8 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.S SUrface Mild 8 46 27 3.2 3.6 4.0 31,cRadlu• from Center 011 2.4 2.8 11 Center Quench 9 44 24 to 42 22 11 40 21 12 38 20 13 37 - 14 35 - 15 34 - 16 33 - 18 31 - 20 3/J - 22 29 - 24 29 - 26 29 - 28 29 - 30 28 - 32 28 - HeatTreatilli Temperatures Recommendedby SAE •Normalize 1650f Austenitize 1500f • Forfllre:ed or rolledspecimens only. 2 4 Ii a ro n M ra • ~ ~ M n u ~ ~ Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inch

60

50 2340 ..."'

Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inch

35 2512 2512(0.4 C) Carburized (0.5-in.dia bar) (0.5-in.dia bar)

60 100 60 100 \ \ Austenitizedat 1700F 50 80 50 80 ... GrainSize: 7-8 "'., \ % Martenslte ..."' C l12.ad ~ ~ E 40 11=11"'1'1n$1ta 8 =lahlltt so .,; "E40 60 .,; :z: ~ ~ "' F=Fe«ttt P= Ptllfite Cit ="' Q .,C u Austenitizedat 1700F "'C U.S.Steel Atlas'° t: .. "ii 30 30 GrainSize: 40 ::E"' 1 40 ~u ....u 25% 3, 75%7-8 i 0 C> a:: a: Leiflnd %Martensite 20 20 20 II"' llartenslte 8= 8alnlta 20 F=femte P= Peartite -- U.S.Steel Atlas25 10 0 10 0

~l?' M+B+F+P Ml'&% M+B+F+P

0 8 16 24 32 40 0 8 16 24 32 40 Distancefrom lluenched£mf, sixteenths of an inch Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inell

2512(0.6 C) Carburized 2512(1.0 C) Carburized (0.5-in.dia bar} (0.5-in.dia bar)

60 100 60 100 , .... 50 80 50 - 80 ...., C-0.6 Mn•0.52 .,"'.,, C-1.0 Mn-0.52 C"' Ni-5.00 ~ C Ni-5.00 ~ "E 40 60 "E 40 60 .,; Austenitizedat 1700F ,,; ="' ~ ="' Austenitizedat 1700F =;; u "'C: u C: GrainSize: ' / % Martelltite 0 t:"' = GrainSize: 6-7 t:"' ;ii,: 30 80%4-5, 20%7 40 ... "' 30 40 .. .x ::E ::E u lu / le1end C> lepnd 0 a: = A=Allstenltt Ms.Marttnstte II= llarteaslte I= Balnlta C= Callikl1 P= Purtitt 20 f =flltttt P=hdtt 20 20 20 U.S.Steel Atlas'° U.S.steel Atlas'° 10 0 10 0

M l'&"' M+B+F+P A+M ~A+M+C~ A+M+C+P

0 8 16 24 32 40 0 8 16 24 32 40 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inch Dista11cefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inch

36 Hardnesslimits Hardenability Band for 2515H "J" Distance 2515H Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min t 45 38 2 « 31 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness location in Round Quench 3 43 33 3.8 Sutl1ct 4 42 30 Mild 1.1 2.0 2.9 3.8 4.8 5.8 6.1 ¼ Radl~•r,cm Center W~tr 5 41 27 0.7 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.9 Center llu1ncb 6 40 24 7 38 22 0:8 I.I 2:5 3.0 3.4 3.8 SUrface Mild 8 37 20 0.5 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¾ Radii" from Center Oil 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 Cellttf Gueftcb 9 35 - 10 34 - 65 II 32 - 12 31 - 13 30 - 14 29 - 55 15 29 - 16 28 - ., 50 18 27 - = 20 26 - j 45 22 25 - u 24 24 - 'ii 40 ! 26 24 - g 28 23 - "" 35 30 23 - 32 22 - 30 HaatTr,atlllg Temperatures Recommendadflt SAE 25 "Normafize 1700F Austenitize1550 F 20 • For forgeder rolledspecimens only. 2 4 6 a ro a M re ~ m n N ~ u 30 n Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

llardneulimits Hardenabillty Band for 25171-1 C ·r Ditunee ·. 2517H Mn Sixteenth$ of III Inch Max M"m 0.14-0.20 4.70•5,30

1 46 39 ··. 2 46 38 Diametersof RoundsWith Same as ll!;enchedllanlness Locationin Round Quench 3 46 35 3.8 SUrf•co 4 31 ltllld 45 1.1 2.0 2.9 u u 5.8 6.7 ¼~from~ Water 5 44 28 0.1 t.2 t6 z.o u 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.9 · Center -- llulncb 6 43 25 1 42 23 0.8 1.8 ZS 3.0 3.4 3.8 Surface lli!d 8 41 21 0.5 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.l 3'8 4.0 l/4 R~ ff1)HICe- on 1).6 1.0 1.4 1.1 2.0 2.4 2.8 ;u Ce- lluencb 9 39 20 111 37 - 65 u 35 - 12 34 - 60 13 33 - 14 32 - 55 15 32 - 3t I 16 - .. 50 18 30 - = 20 29 - =°! 45 22 28 - <-> - 24 27 - 'ii 40 - ! ~-- 26 21 - g ' 28 26 - "" 35 30 26 - - 32 25 - - 30

HeatTreatlnr Temperatures ·~ Recommendedby SAE 25 • Normafize 1700f ~ Austenitlze1550 F 20 • For fara:ador rolledspecimens only. 2 4 6 8 ro a M re m ~ n N ~ u 30 32 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

37 9 Nickel 3120

100 60 60 Cr 0.60 0.67 50 80 50 "' ... "' C"' "'C ~ "' 'E 40 60 'E 40 .. Hardness ;;;:f :z:.. = C c.) c.) CD "ii 't:: "ii 30 c-.OS Mn-0.49 40 .. ...,;i: 30 ~ :E Austenitizedat 1650F <> ffi•8.94 Lt&end 0.. a::.. II= llatullS!tt 1"8alnlte C: GrainSize: 5-7 20 Austenitizedat 1550f__ F=f~ 20 20 GrainSize: tll-12 U.S.Stael Atlu21

10 0 10

------1---M+B+f---+--- ....

0 16 24 32 40 0 8 16 24 32 40 Distancefrom Quenched End, sixteenths of an inch Distancefrom Quenched.End, sixteenths of an inch

HanlpestUmlts Hardenahility Band for 3120H "J" Distance 3120H e Si Ni Slxteentlls G.17-11.231·uo~:.so 11.20-o.35 1.00-t45 of anmcll Max Min I I Ius~:.as I 1 48 41 2 47 39 lllameteriof Roliildswith Same.as QuenchedHardness l~tion lit Roumf 3 44 34 u SU

38 Hardnuslimits Hardenablllty Band for 3130H "J" Distance 3130H C Mn Si Hi Cr Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.27-0.33 0.50-0.90 0.20-0.35 UJ0-1.45 0.45-0.85 I 56 49 2 55 47 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness Locationin Round 3 54 Quench 44 3.8 4 52 42 Surface Miki 1.1 2.0 2.9 3.8 4.8 5.8 6.7 l/4Radius from center 11'.lttt 5 51 38 0.7 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 as l)e/rt"' Quench 6 49 34 0;8 2.5 3.0 3.4 7 48 32 u 3.8 Suttie, Miki 8 45 30 0.5 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¾ Radiusfronl c.nter Oil 0.2 0.6 1.0 u t.7 2.0 2.4 2.B 3.1 center Quench 9 43 29 65 10 41 28 11 39 26 ' 12 38 25 60 g1 13 36 24 14 35 24 55 15 34 23 - 16 34 22 .. 50 18 =.. I- - 33 21 -- 20 32 20 :z:!u 22 32 - _, ,.._ 24 31 - 'ii 40 - ,._>- .!1 ~- 26 31 - g r-- I= 28 31 - '"' 35 ffi 30 30 - Ill 32 30 - 30 -·~ HeatTreatina; Temperatures -- Recommendedby SAE 25 "Normalize1650 f - Austenitize1600 F 20 • Forfor2ed or rolledspecimens only. 2 4 6 s w u M ~ ffl ~ n M ~ n ~ ~ Dist.tncefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

Hardnesslimits Hardenablllty Band for 3140H

"J" Distance 3140H C Mn Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 11.60-1.0ll t 60 53 2 60 52 Diametersof Roundswit!! Sameas QuenchedHardness location ill Round Quench 3 59 50 4 59 49 5 58 47 6 57 45 7 57 43 U 1.8 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 Surface MIid 8 56 41 2.0 . 2.4 3.2 3.1i 4.0 ¾ RadM frontcenttr OM 2.4 2.8 3.1 Ciliter Quench 9 55 38 10 54 36 65 11 53 34 12 52 33 13 51 32 14 50 31 15 49 311 16 48 30 16 46 29 20 44 26 22 43 28 24 42 27 26 41 27 28 40 26 30 40 26 32 39 25 30 HeatTreating Temperatures Recommendedby SAE 25 •Normalile 1600F Austen/tilt 1550F 20 • Forfor2ed or tolle~specimens only, 2 4 6 e w n M w ~ ~ n M ~ n ~ ~ Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths at an Inch

39 3310(0.4 C) Carburized 3310 (0.5-in. dia bar)

60 100 60 100 \ % Marti=nslte Hardness \ Austenitizedat 165.0F 50 80 50 GrainSize: 9 .,, 80 "' ..,.,, "'C leiend t,!?. C 'E 40 II= Marttl!Sitei= Jafnltw 60 'E 40 lllt ::c.. :f .. 60 .; f =Fer,1Jt "iii ::c u C u ';; ;;; Hardness U.S.Steel Atlas 25 ..... ;;; C 31: 30 40 -.. 30 C-0.4 Mn-0.45 .. :E ~ "ii ""'u u Ni-3,33 Cr-t.52 40 :E a::0 ',....._ ...0 ...... Austenitizedat 1700F 20 20 20 GrainSize: 20 ------65%8, 35%5 10 ~----+------+----1------1 0 10 Leaand M=Martnsita 0 M ~,____,,.____ -+--M+B+f----+-----..1 U.S.Steel Atlas25

Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inch

3310(0.6 C) Carburized 3310(1.0 C} Carburized (0.5-in. dia bar) (0.5•in.dia bar)

60 100 60 100 Hardness . 50 80 50 Hardness 80 .,,... .."' ..C t,!?. "'C t,!?. 'E 40 60 ~ 40 60 .; .. :i :!::: ::c 1i'i ::c u C u C-1.0 Mn-D.45 "'C ;;; C-0.6 Mn{US ~ ;;; Ni-3.33 Ct-t.52 t:.. :II: 30 40 .. :II: 30 40 :E .>C :E"' ....u Ni-3.33 Cr-1.52 u Austenitizedat f700 F 0 a:0 a:: Austenitizedat 1700f GrainSize: 4-5 20 20 20 20 GrainSize: 6 Lqend A=Austenite M=Martensite Le1end C='Carllie to A= AusteflHI .M= llarteaSHt ll 10 0 U.S.Steel Atlas" u.s. Steel Atlas"

0 8 16 24 32 40 0 8 16 24 32 40 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

40 HardnessLimits Hardenability Band for 331 OH

"J" Distance 3310H C Mn Si Ni Cr Sixteenths -- of an Inch Max Min .07-0.13 0.30-0.10 0.20-0.35 3.20-3.80 1.30-1.80 1 43 36 2 43 36 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas Quenchedl!ardness location in Round Quench 43 3 35 3.8 SUrlact 4 42 35 ··------·-- . ------. -·- --- MIid 1J z.o 2.9 3.8 4.8 5.8 · ·¼Radius from Centtr Water ··--··--··- u 5 42 34 0..7 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.9 Center Quench 6 42 33 -::-:r::=..L I :r===r:_. 0.8 1.8 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 Surtae« 1 41 32 ---..,-,~---- . --~--- Mild 8 41 31 o.s 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.11 ¼ ~diu, from Center Oil 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.0 :u 2.8 3.1 Center Quench 9 41 30 10 40 30 65 1t ~ 29 12 40 29 60 13 39 28 14 3!1 28 55 i5 38 27 16 38 27 ., 50 ~ i8 37 26 -=C 20 37 26 j 45 22 37 26 c.., 24 36 26 ; 40 ""... 26 36 25 0 28 36 25 "" 35 30 35 25 32 35 25 30 Heat TreatingTemperatures Recommendedhy SAE 25 •Hormalite t1tl0f Austenitize 1550f 20 •for for,ed or r11lledspecimens only. 2 4 6 8 10 t2 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

Hanlnesslimits Hardenability Band for 3316H •J" llistance .331611 C Mn Si Hi Cr Sirtee11tlts of an Inch Max Min 0.13-0.19 0.30-0.70 0.20-0.35 3.20-3.90 t30-UO t 47 40 2 41 3!I Diametersof RoundsWit!! Same as QuenchedHardness L11eationin Round Quench 3 41 38 3.8 Surf..:e 4 46 38 Mlle 1.1 2.0 2.9 3.8 4.8 5.8 6.7 3/4Radim fr010 bfltei Wattr "'i4-- 5 46 37 a; 12 u 2.11 2.il 3.2 3.6 u Ceirtir Quonch 6 46 37 ' 7 45 36 0.8 1.8 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 Surface Miki 8 45 35 0.5 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¼ Radiustr•~ Centtr Oil 0.2 o.e 1.0 u u 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 Center Quench 9 45 34 65 10 45 33 .. It 45 33 12 45 32 60 13 45 32 14 44 32 55 15 44 31 16 44 31 18 44 31 20 43 31 .. 22 43 31 u 24 43 31 'ii 40 ~ •.. 26 42 31 i ~ 28 42 30 "' 35 30 42 30 32 41 3.0 30

HeatTreatin1 Temperatures ~- ,,-. RecommendedbySAE 25 0 Normalize1700F Austenitize1550 f 20 • for for1edor rolledspecimens ont:-. 2 4 6 a ro u 14 w a 20 u ~ u ~ ~ u Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inell

41 Krupp 4317

60 60 100 \ C0 0.17 Mn-0.57 \ Ni-1.87 Cr-0.45 \ Mo-0.24 50 50 I 80 ... \ % Martensite Austenitizetlat 1700F "' ..."' \ "'C C GrainSile: 7 ~ 'E 40 'E 40 60 or :z: lea:eml :z:"' C Mn Si "' :!:: u Ni Cr u II= llarte11$1tt8 = Bainlta ...C: Case'" Cl> ';; 0.89 0.39 0.19 4.00 1.58 f =Ferrite t:: 30 Core,...0.15 o.20··4.03 30 ... ~ 8.45 1.54 40 ::E <.> I<> U.S.Steel Atlas" C, C, c:: Austenitizina: Grain c:: 20 temit,F Size 20 20 Case'" 1475 7-8 Core0 1650 7.9 ~------10 10 • Troianoand· De Moss 29 0 "" Tflointernational Nickel Company,loo.

0 8 16 24 32 40 0 8 16 24 32 40 Di.stancefrom QuenchedEnd, $1xteenths of an inch Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

60

50 4330 .,. C> "'C 'E 40 :z:"' u .; ~ 30 ....u C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo 0 "" 0.33 0.69 0.41 1.41 0.72 0.28 20 Austenitizedat 1620F GrainSize: 7-8 · 12 10 Eddy,Marcotte and Smith

0 8 16 24 32 40 Distanceftom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inell

42 HardnessLimits Hardenability Band for 43371-1 •r Distance 4337H C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo Sixteenths of an tnch Max Min 0.34-0.41 0.55-0.90 0.20-0.35 1.55-2.00 0.65-0.95 0.20-0.30 1 59 52 2 59 52 lliametersof Roundswith Sameas QueochedHardness Locationin Round Quench 59 52 3 3.8 Surface 4 59 52 Mild u 2.0 2.9 3.8 4.8 5.8 6.7 ¾ «..U•; from Center Water 5 59 52 0.7 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2,8 3.2 3.6 3.9 Cemer Quench 6 5S 51 ' 7 58 51 0:8 1.8 2.5 3.0 3.4 3,8 Surface MIid 8 58 51 0.5 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¼ Ridiu•from Center on 0.2 0.6 ,1.0 1.4 !.7 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 tenter Quench 9 58 50 10 57 50 65 11 57 50 12 57 49 60 13 57 48 14 57 47 55 __....,,, 15 57 46 16 57 46 sso .18 56 44 C 20 56 42 ~ 45 I :c 22 55 41 ,., - .·- 24 55 40 I 40 - 26 55 39 - 28 54 39 & 35 30 54 39 32 53 39 30 HeatTreatln& Temperatures Recommendedby SAE 25 •Normafize 1600F ' Austenitize1550 F 20 • Forfora;ed or rolledspecimens only. 2 4 6 s ro n M ra m w ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

I !l j 'II '' l i 60 Hardness 100 - - 50 C-0.62 Mn-0.64 80 4360 Si-0.67 Ni-1.79 .. L- - "' Cr-0.60 Mo•0.32 "'C ~ 1: 40 Austenitize!I·at 1800F 60 ;;; :;,::"' ~ <.) '- - C GrainS.ize: 7-8 iii (Occasional4) t::"' 3: 30 40 ::E"' -"'<> C, L- teeend a:: ll=llartenslt• - 20 U.S.Steel Atlas"' 20 L- - 10 0

M

I I ii I I I 11 I j I I I I I I I I I I '"I'" " I l " ' 0 8 16 24 32 40 Oistancefrom Quenched End, sixteenths of an inch

43 Hardnesslimits Hardenability Band for X4620H "r Distance X46201t C Mn Si Ni Mc Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.17-0.23 0.40-0.80 0.20-0.35 l.55-2.00 0.20-0.30 1 48 41 2 46 38 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness Locationin Round Quench 3 44 30 l.fl Surface 4 41 26 MIid l.1 2.0 2.9 3.8 4.8 5.8 6.7 ¾ RadiUsfrom Centlf Water 5 36 23 OJ 1.2 1.6 2.0. 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.9 Center Quench 6 32 21 1 30 - 0.8 1.8 2.5 3.0 14 3.8 Surface Mild 8 28 - 0.5 1.0 1.6 2.0 :u 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¾ Radiusfrom Center OR 0.2 0.6 l.0 u 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.8 3J Center llvencb 9 21 - to "l(l - 65 11 25 - t2 24 - 60 13 24 - t4 23 - 55 lli 23 - 16 23 - ..., 50 C 18 22 - "Cl 20 2t - 1 45 22 2t - <-l 24 20 - 40 26 - - I 28 - - "" 35 30 - - 32 - - 30 !{eatTteatil!i Temperatlll'es RecomtM!ld-4lly SA£ 25 *l!IOl'lllll- 1100f !ustenit!Ze.t700 F 20 • for for1edor rolledspecimens only. 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 w 22 24 26 28 30 32 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

60

50 4630 ..,"'... C 1: 40 "' c.,= .;; 3 30 ....u c::"' 20 C Mn Si Hi Mo 0.32 0.74 0.31 1.70 0.23 10 Parkeand Herzig 30

0 8 16 24 32 40 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

44 RardneuUm!ts HardenabUlty Band for 4640H

"J" Distance 4640H C Mn Si Ni .Mo Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.37-0.44 0.50-0.90 0.20-0.35 1.55-2.00 0.20-0.30 1 {10 53 2 {IO 52 Diametersof l!~ulldswith Sameas Quenchedfiardness LocationIn Round Quench 3 59 51 3.8 Sllrface 4 58 50 Mill! u 2.0 2.t 3.8 4.8 5.8 6.7 ¼ Rl

4695 SAEEX-2

Cit ..."' ~ ~l------4---_J_=:::::::±=:=~;;;j:;;;;;;;;.;:;;,=J :c:"' (.) C Mn Si Ni Mo 0.95 0.58 0.24 1.19 0.25 1 30 t-----+----+----+----~-----' ~-;;; 30 1------1 ,.. Austenitized1750 F, WQ; <> 0 ~ a: Temp1100 F, 6 hr. C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo 20 0.70 0.41 0.28 0.91 0.28 0.11 201----- Final1-hr austenitizeshown on curves. Austenitizedat 1550F 10 TheInternational Nickel Company, Inc. 10 -----i GrainSize (1700 FJ: 50% 5-6 50%2-3 Troianoand llehemann 31

0 8 16 24 32 40 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

45 Hardnesslimits ffardenabHity Band for .UUH "J" Distance 48l2H C M~ Si Hi Mo Sixtee.oths of anInch Max Min .09-11.15 G.30-0.70 0.20-0.35 3.20-3.80 0.20-0.30 1 44 37 2 43 34 Diametersilf R;mm!swith Sameas QuenchedHardness Locationin Round Quench 3 42 30 3.8 SUrface 4 41 26 MIid I.I 2.0 3.8 4.8 5.& 6.7 3/4Radflll from Center Water 5 39 23 G.1 1.2 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 J.9 Center Quench 6 37 21 SUrfaco 1 35 - o.a 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 Mild 8 33 - 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¾ Radii/"from Clater OIi 1.( u 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 Center Quench 9 31 - 10 29 - 11 28 - l2 27 - 13 26 - 14 25 - 15 25 - 1$ 24 - ... IS - 20 - 22 - 24 22 - 26 22 - 28 21 - 30 2t - 32 21 - !!eatlre.11tiq Teruperatures Reeornrnemled.ilySAE •Nermaftze17001' AustenmzeIS00 1' • for fol'iedor rolledspecimens Ollly. 10 12 14 16 28 30 32 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of anInch

SAEEX-1 8695

60 60

50 50 .,,"' .,, G) .,, :c:: Cl> 'E c; 40 1: 40 2:"' (.) 2:"' .:; (.) 3' 30 .:; C Mn Si Hi Cr -""<> ...,3' 30 0 (.) 0.95 0.82 ·0.23 0.56 0.52 e:: 0 e:: 20 Heat C Mn Si Mi Cr Mo Austenitized1750 F, WCl; A 0.15 0.42 0.23 5.05 0.15 0.23 20 Temp1200 .F, 3 hr. 8 OJ7 0.51 0.29 4.85 0.17 0.24 Final1-hr austenitizeshown on curves. 10 Austenitizedat 1525f 10 GrainSize (1700 F): · 90% 6- 7 TheInternational Hickel Company, Inc. 10%3-4 Troianoand Hehemann31

Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

46 l!anlnessLimits Hardenabllity Band for 8742H "J'.'Distance 87421! C Mn Si Hi Cr Mo Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.31Hl.48 0.70-1.05 0.20-0.35 0.35·0.75 0.35-0.65 0.20-0.30 l 62 55 2 62 55 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardoess Locationin l!ound Quench 3 62 54 3.8 SUrt.lte 4 61 53 Mild ti 2.0 2.9 3.8 u 5.8 6.7 ¼ Radii!$from Cent1r Water 5 6t 52 D.7 1.t t.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.9 Center Ouencb 6 60 49 7 59 47 3.0 3.4 3.8 Surface Mild 8 5(1 44 2'.o 2.4 32 3.6 4.0 ¾ hdllU fromCenter Oil u 2.8 3.l Center llutntb 9 57 41 1f.l 56 39 65 H 54 :n t2 53 35 60 13 52 34 14 St 33 55 15 49 32 16 48 31 ..::I'so 18 46 30 "' 20 45 29 ::,:I 4s 22 43 211 ... 24 42 28 140 26 42 28 28 41 211 .&\35 30 41 28 32 40 27 30 Heatireatinf r111111)t!'at1tres . lecommernltllhy SAC 25 •l>lorma!iu 1600f Amtenitile1550 I' 20 2 II 10 16 t8 24 2!1 •ror fotiellIll' rollelfspecimens ury. 4 6 12 14 20 22 26 30 32 l)istancefrom Quenched End, sixteenths of .an11tcl!

9315 9395

60 60 ------50 50 __ c__ __ +-UOOf+------.,...... "' C C"' 'E 40 'E 40 ::c"' ::c"' C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo <.> <.> D.95 IJ.50 D.22 3J7 l.23 0.13 .; .; J: 30 J: 30 .>< .>< Austenitized1750 f, Wll; <> C Mn Si Hi Cr Mo u C> 0 Temp1000 F, 70 hr. a: 0.17 0.59 0.30 3.18 1.12 0.13 a: 20 20 final 1-hr austenitizeshown Austenitizedat 1700f oocurves. GrainSize: 7-8 GrainSize (1700 f): SO%7-8 10 Troianoa.nd Hehemann 31 10 10%5-6 Troianoand Hehemann 31

24 32 40 0 8 16 24" 32 40 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inch

47 !lardnus Limits Hardenability Band for 9840.H "J" Distance 9840H C Mn Si Hi Cr Mo Sixteenths of an Inch Max .Min 0.60-0.95 0.20-0.35 0.80-1.20 0.65-0.95 0.20-0.30 l 60 53 2 60 53 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness Locationin Round Quench 6!J 3 53 3.8 Sllrtaet 4 60 53 MIid . 1.1 2.0 2.9 3.8 4.6 5.8 6.7 3/4 Rad'wtlrom Cent,r Waltr 5 60 53 0.7 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.9 Center Quench 6 60 53 7 6!J 53 O.B 1.8 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 Surface MHd 8 60 52 0.5 l.O 1.6 2.0 2.-4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 ¼ Radiusfram Center Oil 0.6 1.0 1.4 1,1 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 Center Quench 9 59 51 to 59 51 11 59 49 12 58 48 13 58 4S 14 58 45 15 57 44 16 57 43 Hi 56 41 l!O 55 39 22 55 3!! 24 55 36 26 54 36 211 54 35 30 53 :l4 32 53 34 llaat TreatingTtmperatum Rceommemflllllly SAE •~rmaliu ··1600f Au$tenitize1S51l F 6 • Forforzed or ro~ specimen only. 4 e m u u w ra a n u 23 30 32 Distancefrom lluencbedEnd, siXteeoths of an lncl!

ffanlnessLimits Hardenability Band for 9850H "J" Distance 9850H C Mn Si Hi Cr Mo Sixteenths of antffl:h Mar Min 0.47-0.54 0.60-0.95 0.20-0.35 f);80-t20 0.65-0,95 0.20-0.3.D 1 65 .59 .... 2 65 59 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenehedHan!ness Locationin Rourn:I llilHCll 3 65 59 3.8 S!Jlfi(jl I ,..., 4 65 59 u 2.0 2:9 3.8 ,.a 5.@ u 3/4Radius from Center Wattr 5 65 59 ll.7 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 3JI Center ttu.ncl! 6 65 59 7 65 u u 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 SUtbu Mild 58 . 2.1) 8 65 58 C.5 l.0 1.6 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 .4.0 ¼ blila ltlllll Center OU 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1J Ul 2;4 2.8 3.1 Centtr Quench 9 65 58 to 65 58 65 H 65 58 12 65 58 60 -· -- ·-·- ~------·-.. 13 65 57 - -- ~- 14 64 57 55 ---- ~ ,_ -- ~-- .. ~·-- 15 64 57 "~-- L...- ~--- - -· - r=:;:::: ~. 16 64 56 '-- - 18 63 54 20 62 52 22 62 50 -- 24 61 49 26 61 48 28 61 47 30 60 47 32 60 41 30 !teatTreating Temperatures Recommendedby SAE 25 •NormaliZe 1600F f---1--- Austenitil:e155.0 F 20 *For forgedor rolledspecimens only: 2 4 6 a m u w m ra a n N ~ ~ 3.9 32 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

48 HardnessLimits Hardenability Band for 94840H "J" Distance 94840H t , Mn Si Ni Cr Mo 8 Sixteenths of an Inch Max Min 0.37-0.44 0.iCH.05 0.21Hl35 0.25-0.65 0.25-0.55 .08-0.15 1 60 53 .. Canbe expectedlo ltave .0005 per cent mi!timumboron content 2 60 53 Diametersof Roundswith Sameas QuenchedHardness location in Round Quench 3 60 53 3.8 Sutface 4 59 52 Mild 1.1 2.0 2.9 3.8 4.8 5.8 6.7 3/4Radi0$ from Center Water 5 59 52 c,nter Quench 6 58 51 7 58 50 0.8 I.S 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 Sutface Mild 8 57 48 1.0 1.6 2.0 ;u 2.8 3.2 3.6 -U ¾ Radiu•from Center Oil 2.8 11 Center Quench 9 57 46 10 57 43 65 11 56 39 12 56 37 60 13 56 35 14 55 34 55 15 54 32 16 54 31 18 52 29 20 50 28 22 48 27 24 46 26 26 43 25 28 4.1 25 30 40 24 32 39 24 30 HeatTreati!lf Temperatures Recommendedby SAE 25 • !tormalize 1600F Austenltize 15511f 20 • for fOf&edor rof1edspecimens only. 2 4 6 a • ~ M m m a n N n a ~ ~ Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an Inch

Ni-Cr-Mo-V-Cu-B 2¾ NickelForging

60 60

50 50 C Mn Si Ni Mo .,. ., .,,"' 0.29 0.77 0.23 2.72 .05 C"' "'C "E 40 "E 40 Austenitizedat 1550F :c.. ::z:"' c.., c.., GrainSize: 6-8 .;; .;; Battelle28 ~ 30 30 ..., Ju """C, C, "" "" 20 C Mo Sl Ni Cr Mo V Cu B 20 0.15 0.92 0.26 0.88 0.50 0.46 .06 0.32 .003 Austenltized1675 F 10 10 GrainSize: 6-7

0 8 16 24 32 40 0 8 16 24 32 40 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

49 21/2Ni-v2Mo-V Turbine Rotor 3% Ni-Cr-Mo

60 60

so 50 "'... "'... "'C C 1: 40 1: 40 ::c.. ::c"' c., c., .; .; C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo 30 ~ C Mn Si Ni Mo V 31: 30 0.33 0.51 0.23 3.26 0.85 .09 c.., ""'<> C 0.34 0.71 0.22 2.52 0.42 .02 0 Cl:: Cl:: Austenitizedat 1535F 20 Austenitizedat 1650F 20 GrainSize: 9 GrainSize: 6-7 International 10 Battelle28 10 NickelUmited 33

16 24 32 40 32 40 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

4¼ Ni-1½Cr- 11toMo 41;4Ni-1 112Cr-hMo

60 60

50 50 .,, ... C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo C Mn 0.35 0.44 (1.144.23 1.43 0.13 .; Si Ni Cr Mo j 30 31: 30 0.33 0.51 0.17 4.16 1.44 0.31 u ...u c:, Af,istenitizedat 1510F c:, Cl: Cl:: Austenmzedat 1510F 20 GrainSize: 9 20 StainSize: 9 International 33 International NickelLimited 33 10 10 HickelLimited

0 8 16 24 32 40 0 8 16 24 32 40 Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sb::teentlls of an inch Distancefrom QuenchedEnd, sixteenths of an inch

50 C F I 800 Coolinl!curves at Indicated 3140 distances(In.) from quenched end 1400

700 C-l DiagramBased on t200 Datafrom Standard Eml-QoenchBar 600 C-0.41 Mn-0.86 1000 Ni-1.28 Cr-0,71 500 e .a f! a, BOO Austenitizedat & ~.., 400 Cooledfrom 1550 F .... GrainSize: 7 600 300 Le&end A = Austenite F = Ferrite P = Pearlite FP= Paraferritet B = Bainite M = Martensite 200 400 t Acicularform of ferrite, classedby someas. bainite. 1 16 iOO 200 OataItem HomerResearch Laboratory 3 4 5 BethlehemSteet:co. 0 I I 2 3 5 10 20 30 50 100 200 500 1000 Time,secornls

C f ed 800 quenchedend 4315 1400 Beginning .line ll!3Ylie I@ far lo right ~use ol em­ 700 phasis on localing ii by C-TDiagram Based on hardness changes rather Datafrom %-in. Dia 1200 than by the mi<:rostructural manges now used. Ed. End-QuenchBar 600 C-0.16 Mn-0.70 1000 Ni-1.84 Cr-Cl.78 e 500 Mo-0.35 ....:::, .A f! Cl) 800 Austenitizedat & ~ 400 Cooledfrom 1700 F Cl) t- GrainSize: Fine 600 300 Le&end A = Austenite F = Ferrite P = Pearlite FP= Paraferritet B = Bainite M = Martensite 200 400 1 i t Acicularform of ferrite, classedby someas bainite. "CalculatedTemperature l Datafrom 100 200 2---+------t---1 Uedholm,Lopez and Bllckwede 17 7 10 0 2 3 to 20 30 50 100 200 500 1000 Time,seconds

51 C f

800 4330 1400 ng curvesat indicated quenchedend 700 I C-TDiagram Based on Beginning line may be too Datafrom ½-in. Oia 1200 far to right because of em- phasis on locating it by End-QuenchBar 600 hardness changes rather than by the microstrudurat changes now used. Ed. C-0.27 Mn-0.73 1000 Ni-l.84 Cr-0.72 5:00 Mo-0.31 e:::, A -..,~ 800 Austenitizedat & e.., 400 Cooledfrom 1700F I- GrainSize: Fine M*s 600 300 Mso• legend A = Austenite f =ferrite Mso0 P =Peartite FP= Paraferrite t B =Bainite M = Martensite 200 400 t Acicu!arform of ferrite, classedby someas bainite. • CalculatedTemperature 100 200 Datafrom Liedholm19 7 10 0 I I 2 3 5 10 20 30 50 100 200 500 !000 Time,seconds

C f Coolingc~tves at indicated distances{in.) from quenchedend 800 9840 1400

700 C-l DiagramBased on Datafrom Standard 1200 End-QuenchBar 600 C·0.43 Mn-0.84 toOO Ni-toO Cr-0.81 500 - Mo-0.23 ::,e ::: -a, 800 Austenitizedat & e 400 Cooledfrom 1550 F Q) t- GrainSize: 7 600 "4s 300 legend A =Austenite F =ferrite P =Pearlite FP= Paraferritet B = Bainite M= Martensite 400 200 t Acicularform of ferrtte, classed..by someas bainite.

100 Oata tram 200 Blickwedeand Hess 21

0 - 2 3 10 20 30 50 TOO 200 500 1000 Time,seconds

52 REFERENCES

1. ASTM A 400, "Recommended Practice for Selection of 18. Manning, G. K., and Lorig, C. H., "Relation between Steel Bar Compositions According to Section," ASTM Transformation at Constant Temperature and Trans­ Standards, Part 3, 1965, p 480. formation during Cooling," Trans. AIME, 167, 1946, p442. 2. "The Selection of Steel for Hardenability," Metals Handbook, Am. Soc. Metals, Vol. 1, 1961, 8th ed., p 189. 19. Liedholm, C. A., "Experimental Studies of Continuous Cooling Transformations," Trans. Am. Soc. Metals, 38, 3. Hodge, J. M., and Orehoski, M. A., "Hardenability E.f­ fects · in Relation to the Percentage of Martensite," 1947, p 180. Trans. AIM:E, 167, 1946, p 62 7. 20. Steven, W., and Mayer, G., "Continuous-Cooling Trans­ 4. Lamont, John L., "How to Estimate Hardening Depth formation Diagrams of Steels,'' J. Iron Steel Inst,, 17 4, in Bars," The Iron Age, 152, Oct. 14, 1943, p 64. 1953,p33. 5. Weinman, E.W., Thomson, R. F., Boegehold, A. L., 21. Blickwede, D. J., and Hess, R. C., "On the Cooling "Correlation of End-Quenched Test Bars and Rounds," Transformations in Some 0.40% Carbon Constructional Trans. Am. Soc. Metals, 44, 1952, p 803. Alloy Steels,'' Trans. Am. Soc. Metals, 49, 1957, p 427.

6. Camey, D. J., "Another Look at Quenchants, Cooling 22. Krainer, H., and Kroneis, M., "A Study of· Austenite Rates and Hardenability," Trans. Am. Soc. Metals, 46, Transformation in Alloy Constructional Steels during 1954, p 882. Undercooling," Arch. Eisenhut., 22, 1951, p 231. 7. Jominy, W. E., and Boegehold, A. L., "A Hardenability 23. Rose, A., and Strassburg, W., "Application of the Time­ Test for Carburizing Steel," Trans. Am. Soc. Metals, 26, Temperature Transformation Diagram for Continuous 1938,p574. Cooling to Problems of Heat Treatment," Arch. Eisen­ 8. "Methods of Determining Hardenability of Steels," hut., 24, 1953, p 505. SAE J406a, SAE Standard, 1965 SAE Handbook, p 55. 24. French, H. J., Miller, 0. 0., and Sands, J. W., "Some 9. ASTM A 255, "Method of End-Quench Test for Hard­ Aspects of Hardenable Alloy Steels," Trans. AIME, enability of Steel," ASTM Standards, Part 3, 1965, 206, 1956, p 770. p209. 25. "Atlas of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams," United 10. Steel Products Manual, "Alloy Steel: Semifinished; States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1963, copy­ Hot Rolled and Cold Finished Bars," AISI, February righted, 3rd ed. 1964 and July 1955. "Hardenability of Alloy Steels," Contributions to the Metallurgy of Steel, No. 11, AISI, 26. A. 0. Smith Corporation, unpublished data, 1945. May 1949, pp 15 and 34. 27. Troiano, A. R., "The Transformation and Retention of 11. Crafts, Walter, and Lamont, John L., "Hardenability Austenite in SAE 5140, 2340 and Tl340 Steels of and Steel Selection," Pitman Publishing Corporation, Comparable Hardenability," Trans. Am. Soc. Metals, New York, 1949, p 123. 41, 1949, p 1093.

12. Eddy, C. T., Marcotte, R. J., and Smith, R. J., "Time­ 28. Elsea, A. R., and Lorig, C. H., Battelle Memorial Insti­ Temperature-Transformation Curves for Use in the tute, unpublished data, 1945. Heat Treatment of Cast Steel," Trans. AIME, 162, 1945,p250. 29. Troiano, A. R., and DeMoss, J. E., unpublished data, 1945. 13. "Hardenability Bands for Alloy H Steels," SAE J407b, SAE Standard, 1965 SAE Handbook, p 62. 30. Parke, R. M., and Herzig, A. J., "Hardenability of 14. Grange, R. A., and Kiefer, J. M., ''Transformation of Molybdenum Alloy Steels," Metals and Alloys, 11, Austenite on Continuous Cooling and its Relation to 1940,p6. Transformation at Constant Temperature," Trans. Am. 31. Troiano, A. R., and Hehemann, R. F., "How Austenitiz­ Soc. Metals, 29, 1941, p 85. ing Conditions Affect Medium Alloy Steels," Iron Age, 15. Liedholm, C. A., "Continuous Cooling Transformation 174, 1954: Nov. 11, p 124 and Nov. 18, p 151; and Diagrams from Modified End-Quench Method," Metal unpublished data. Progress, 45, 1944, p 94. 32. Doty, W. D., "Properties and Characteristics of a 16. Liedholm, C. A., Rush, A. I., and Blickwede, D. J., Quenched and Tempered Steel for Pressure Vessels," "Transformation of NE 8630 During Continuous Cool­ Welding J.,34, 1955, p 425-s. ing," Metal Progress, 46, No. 3, Sept. 1944, p 496-B. 33. "Transformation Characteristics of Direct-Hardening 17. Liedholm, C. A., Lopez, S. E., and Blickwede, D. J., Nickel-Alloy Steels," The Mond Nickel Company Ltd. "Transformation of SAE 4315 During Continuous (former name for International Nickel Limited), Lon­ Cooling,'' Metal Progress, 48, No. 4, Oct. 1945, p 696-B. don, 1958, 3rd ed.

53