'-'.t ' j., 'S ■ ■ Memorandum of Evidence ...... 1
Appendices ...... 23 a) Sotea on Systems of Government.
In d ia ...... 23
Pakistan ...... 27
Gallon ...... 29
Burma ...... 31
Malaya...... 33
3intjapore...... 35
Australia ...... 36
Sew Zealand ..... 2...... 37
- Jiorael...... 38
Jamaica...... 39
ftatal prior to Union ...... 40
b) Pa«t Institute decisions (not included for the ffioinenty
-brtract from Findings of Council 194S Correspondence with Prime Minister, 1950, RB.IO3/50 The Coloured Franchise RE.6/ 51
Pamphlets (tnolosed) (not included for the moment).
“White Civilisation"* by E.S.Harria
"Demooracy in Jlulti—racial.('ulti-racial Societies'’,Societies", byhy L.M.TL.M.Thompson.
"The Cape Coloured Franchise’’, by L.li. Thompson.
— £0 forward in faith”, hy 4uintin flhyte.
"The politicalPo litical Status of Won-KuropeansMon-iiuropeans in SouthSouthern
Africa” , hy rfuriel Horrell. ■ rgtf* - -SV/VV ' hr- - • ' A j.; • f ■* •' r ■'a > ’’ ,.kv‘‘ .- /S i
■ “ Draft of evia<5«c? to be p r a « « t a d te. tne Ccwuaatdwi to enquire into the -Subject Hattar of the Separate Kepraeentatiojs of Voters Act yalldatioffffisgiiwaflt * 3 1
!- . r v j
; :1km. South African Institute Of 3ace Kel&tiene o»s •etablished 2 5 yeare ago to work for peaoa, goodwill and practical
. l\ ■ ■co-operation between the various section** of the population. It . * has not been connected with any political party ainee its inception • •A-.'/'V ' ' ' ;*■.•■, -- |,r>•■ ■.> y:<^rt.••>'• ' -- •'A'- :V ■ ■'* ' aL' • ' ■ ■ ''Ji’" ” nor has it baa# tiad to any party-politeal doctrine. I t s work ■ Vv h u baaa paraaatad by the fvndaaantal prinoiplee of Christian living •Vand by the values basic to Western Civilisation, Its wetboda bava
■ P ® -Hffl. PP * . ^ r. .JJH 5-^,-S ^ ^ - -rv bam research and investigation, the objective analysis of faots so obtained, end reeoaaendations based on such analysis. The Institute is univaraitiwa, welfare and a variety of other organisations. :0 _ # b U * ... paying special attention to undor-privllegad and culturally backward groups, it Aas sought the welfare of all groups, for it believes V that the intor-d»pena«noe of troupe in South Africa is euoh that the ■; " vih *, welfare and progress of that SonHCaropaaa groups is «M«ttUal to the • progress sad j»ro«perity of all South Africans. ■ . , 'S§lp, ; j.*. AolMjinf'Tx >. i\ o ft - i- a - . .• In preaacting this aewora^dua the Institute aake* certain which it beUavaa are -ooritsoB ground ft>r all Jiouth Africans of whatever colour* tb-’se are, - f:;.u " (a) That all groups la the eountry are concerned to oaintain end advanca ^estem Christian Civiliaal -0 k i < T M J : A frica. " r T; 2:- - -i'H- •••*'il'l. • .. ■ ,X':' -'VVE ‘ -/■: “V : _ r , . f (b ) That a ll (groups believe in the valves of 4 M # The first aesuaptioa involves the aeesptanae that J civilisation aeans a moral and political order evolved for the ocaraon i^ood and each that eacb »s«ber in i*ociety bae the opportunity f « “ tbe fullest devaloateenVaf hi a capacities and personality. Hr-elao inturyMa the helU fjtftat aach civilisation will be ii^fwraed and paraeated fay the principles of Chri*Uan living, nataely, the brother- hood of man in its Ccristian interpretation, the value of the : individual and his potentialities, and the e<4«*ality of the talus of each Aan*s ijersonality, however different his fusetitna and oapabililies in society way be. -h MM . ‘ v' . '• • . • . • • 1,.^,:,:..'-"' ■ '«•* Vi ,,‘v • . involve* ths suscaptane* of the ?eco.pltiun of . »r*ional raapon e & k 11 ty t the in-U aper.v.AbllMI^ #f ‘ iiaou saion aa an A tflM M ta to to* acceptance tuo word of ■-?,: ' ■ ------* ■ ■ ■ • • j. ■ < F t f - -■•• *u*kO«itj, the e.i»*UtS «f educational* econoaie and woral opportunity to mil, «K4 the aoe*i>t?me* of the impartial of Law* (of. 3avn«, ??hite Civilisation attacked.) The Institute hollowe* the aainteeumfjio afid p r o ^ jBB of ■’White* Civilisation in Sw*tfe Afrio* requires the reco^ition TV?-. ’ • of those and ether i*n*lioit valuee. t/C- i;'' ■ •• ■ „ ,orld. Thi* u»ii4uane#a oonslate of -fbo exiatenco of different ethnic and other ®W»#n* differing c«lturea» the undeveloped not re of th* aalority of it* papulati«M and th* f*ot that - - tsft ••*#•&.•• . m r p s r i o t ainori V whom initiative h&» feeeft largely * raaponaifclo for .«» ece&oaie, jolitioal and aoral. * iffiflr ' country and the *voluti<» of South ±moa to «*ti<* otatu*. , fhere are other *>ver#i*jB etatee in toe world whicft haare fltH,*** resulting f*oa the WEietawee of different ethnic, r*i J o ^ y m other groaji* wlthi* thoo, hat i* theoe, the nui«wfioaUy «perior ™ ' ^ ■ ■■-' • *r>7W^ • 'tp|A I ^ • In SSeutb A frica, i i i » the hoXde political power, and the lagrr— m ~ X0 * * l m orioea aa te the e*tont each cultural ^o *^rrty can be M ^ r d o d aa a fnctor smie^ *aot he t d » ifttc ooeeunii i * tfco / : / ijsplio ition of te®0CT*0jf in a uni tury atate and in tho wioldins of | j [ ^ | political wormt* i » homogenooua ocoi*tioe in tfce i»ast, tae faW g ; aK»lioutiaB of the rieaocratio procedure hao involTed the principle of *o«« «an eao vote '.i ohat ortoat i» tfcio • valid deaoorntic principle in a aal ti~roo*«i» eelf-yproanUif o i^ uador«»l»?oa -ftWi to a wwMtaoal ainority of a a«po»or ouituro _ koi.dititi power? ttljf/*«♦ • ■ • ’ Hecentiy , in otii„r ?**$■ of the world there oas been mush constitutional oxpcrimen t*tion - in India, fcuraa, Ceyleng, in other African territories u*d *1 a q p & r & . Jfanyof thee# experiments, whether in ls4*$wad«at countries tar in dependent territories such aa those la A frica, hare arisen from the desire to' apply A stern democratic principles to .societies in which there « * • variety of races or of jt? i • * * .. ~ religious in terests without Western democratic tra il ti oris, or ehsre ' there are culturally backward peoples* In independent countries suoh • I ■ * experiments or adaptations ef traditional democracy have bean aads with V i a view to protecting t&e ioter*sts of numerical minorities and soeurins their adequate representation in the affaire of the country concerned* i In dependant territories such as British pofl^ssions in Africa with a • settled whits minority* the attempt is being node to reooneile the civilised and economic, interests of euoh a minority with the demands e ■■I ef a culturally be ok ward hat numerically stronger group and at the same , time direct events towards the attainment of the ultimate objective of -astern democratic self-governmont* Such experiaahts have taken the •j .-r' ■ . * form of the reservation of seats, or of communal representation, or of adaptations of the common franchise in such ways ss to secure the •mm -O representation ef oul turally minor or sectional interests. South a Y\ Africa itself has h a u the application of the ;riroa&le of the common roil ijt^the Cape prior be l hurt ooaaon franchise aftwr lyl'Q, the application of a oommuaal franchise with the Sepres^afeatica ef Satives ant of l§36 sad the Aaiatio Sepre— : ; 0 r ? m aawtttticm or.'l Land Tenure Act ef 1946, and tu»%ne%ual loading of constituencies aa between town arA country* Feople **th power very seldom, i f ever, wish to give it up or abare it *ith others* IStis is true of the position of imperial pwwera in Africa sad is particularly true where snch ruling powers . have a settled ruling minority in «uch territories* ./ Reluctance to Ci'ifu.-i uf^Ti t j." . rfhara each power finds aaay . Justification^ »— the African psople are & s' illiterate! thay Know little or nothing of the worknge and ; •- conventions/..** •j/ chriatiaaity civilisation if they to power} the oountry would rctroj^aa aeonoaiu *lly, there vrould &« a >acegenation wad so on. , there is a curtain validity in many of the arguaents so put • •• 0 are eiaple and uncomplicated. Man ia not aaralj an economic or IKcr«J' „ political animal, ha is a rsliioua aud irsvmrtt Wing and he tries to find oatiaf^ction for all such drives. fhe white people of South Africa, for axaapla, have ahowa this throughout their history, Ingliah and Afrikaans alike» the; have given with one hand, and flM*«fhoedljr taken, away with the ether. Its h$*e been readnded - V * * recently that the #u*ch Seforwed Churhc«s, held to be the religious aspect of a vearjr intenaa nationaliefe, raise *400, OOQjier annua for aiscion woric yet the political expression of that nut> quences of t£*t isivinf.l . ;>■ the existence of duch adzed aotives on the part of . auropeans and such aspirations as the Hoa->3ttrcip«ans show, are factors which attat be taken into account in ths application of the prindplea M fr-*- ■* of deaocr^cy in a «uiti—racial society* fhe aim of governaMit "v. 'L J t U should be tc dispel each faar and unfounded, a»d/ givW outlets for aapiratione building up mutual trust and jtutual reapknaxbdlity, for it is the function of fevemMent * '• to ensure that no ata^ need ba afraid of another. It la with such coaaidcrationa in mind that the institute approaches the i^wstian of the pelitieal rspraaontation of the Cape - - Coloured ia South Africa. ^ j. , ' ■ jtl8K)«T OF ?:iH! .BBWW8I! .TOWWRSH- ■?;% ^ 0 !;* ’ ~ t Before 1334, sleeted represantatires of the people played v* > no part in the geeamaant of the Cepe, but in that year with Municipal ardhanei* So. ? of IB>6 provision wee saade for the election of 3uaioipel Boards on the baaia of a franehiae which did not aake distinctions/**. tw- 7' .:^'-. : •■. -is;v • • .V-; ■•* • ■ •- ■ . - • >'■ ' < » , v \ : election provided they «er* ia possession of the neco scary property ’ •• v ■■■'-.L-''* ' .•■ ■ >r-: ’ §?i: '' >• • • fi- ;v » * • ' • . qualification. In 1&4$, consequent on Lord Durham*s Beport (1839) r^ * * * P "•’’ iv - ■ on Canada, the rinoipie of representative institutions for the Cepe was accepted, provided there wee no political discrimination Wa£? - -im against the Cepe Coloured. The 18>5 Constitution for the Cepe . V ■. .' - : ;-v A P .> <>• entitled a i to register as a voter and to stand for election to ?! ■y- the Sous* of Aaaewbly if he earned £J>C p.a. or If he saimed £25 p.a. .■if ! a lie d itii board a* 1 lod ii oi i£ occupied a huuae and * . . ‘ 5 ,...... * ,.■-•■ -'■. . • A ' " .• ' I. * ' '• •/>?**» ‘ ■■.. . • " c' 'i v . '*■*?■■■#■*■ - •..*<' r-v land with a contained value of £2% , If he visaed to stand for the apt ■ *•*%" * V»: Upper House, ha could do so i f ha earned lamoveahle property worth t...... v -• . - : - r { I ' £2 ,0 0 0 clear of aortgaas, or moveable and t— rveabic property together M 'i worthwo £4,000 dear of debts* These rights were £iven to European and - Cape Colour a 4 allha; it was a cotwaon roll franchise. v ' - ^ n afcrite Territoriee between 1872 and 1894 #a*ft#ed a change la ' attitude, for the Africans so incorporated were relatively primitive. ‘ -■ 'v* • So the Parliaawitary Ke^ulatlons Act of 1&37 stiffened registration - regtaatlaos and declared that a share held lar tribal landa did not entitle an African to a vote. In 1892» the franchise and Ballot iet raised the saonsado malifieatians for the vets and introduced an r z .. r . r - - - - ■ r 5 ■ • V> ■ ■ educational teat} a tssn had to earn £$0 a year or occupy a house and *3 ,£w£. land together worth £75 and ha had to be able to sign his nans and write his address and occupation. , This did not raise a racial or colour bar for it applied to all races. Both Africans and Capa *% I ' - Coloured could quality for the vote on these tarns. This position ’, . • ' ; ‘ Vj-’ •- i c , endured in the Cape till 1909* — 1' P P Tla/v* State and Katal, the position wae otherwise. In the Transraal .I'-*' - 'r: ' . ^ , ri ^ I : ; ' and the Orange Free State the franchlee was open to all European nan, V... V ■ '. V -■• , ’ • irrespective of edvcatian or property qualifications sad closed to all SenHBuropaans including/Coloured. This was in pursuance of the pollay :*v V that there was to be no equality either in Ghureh or In st&te betwaan . . mr: '-X- ’^ r ;^ '. h . ; ’ - • . urop«gua oad Mon- «iropean« *bi» Will tee pool tion a * ta« tlaui o f IteLoeu m / — /■ : • s?-: • • 6 “ • • - . >V ■ '■ In Ratal, the Koye1 Tartar o M 8 ^ laid do*® only age (21 /ears) and eoo&o&ic ^ualifi cation* /or the franchise* £ In 1S6^. however, lew lo. 11 of 1865 was facially introduced to 4ifranchise Africans who, fhou^jh poeaea«dn* the neoeaaary property qualifioetione flU x The Franchise Aaendment La# of I 083 — Intalnad this exclusion but nothin* ia tb*j.laws affected Coloured or Africans aha were not under 7U OU. epeci*l-4 4 w»a. In 1S£6, Indiana were excluded but the position of the Coloured people was not impaired though the involved procedure ' V“ ’ • '; : f ;*i first foraally'x * ~ Kr; * ..,>,■*- ■ . sugge ati on aaa I ..iw.. ... aade oniy i» conneetion with ifrisane, not t&e Cape Coloured/, It wae apparently considered tfc*t the adoption of euoh a ocH«ainal eye tea ' ^ •• . • VJ-. ••... • : • • •.. 5: ■ •:.*•' ' ’t •' *; ■ I ' . . ; ’ -- ■■ • : • ..i . A .. ■ ' and the Cape rereasnUtives at the Hatlenal Convention were ao finely ■ 1 in favour of their own cowton roll that they did not raise the aatter of a ooaoamal franchise at a ll*..., Merriasn ia evidence before the Coaaisaion said tuat the Cape franchise eerked well, and that a r n", i--t; oonsunal franchise was undaair^bie, that it would not "keep the natives ■■ >--r* ■ -i.. ~-»3r-. •• • vrk'.• r~- J- ' iiS*! • fcsJ“‘-»ai- ' -r:~z out of poiitiosn» that it would *ake the party struggle for native 'I. -.Lljti ,. - ... .4- 1 wWBPPiWiMBP*iBPBiBPPP^!PiBW^ffPWiWPPWWPWWWWWMMBWi votes nor* acute» that auch vote» nijjht constitute the balance of - power in the House* or ed£ht «iv* rise to aa "Irish party" i« **» % Z k m . ^ v .-. Souse (i.e ., an extr«s« «re«p outside party all»»a»tB whioh dould, in aertain cireumstanoas, bold the balance of powwr). . .$£■'.-«;•.■ It ia only in racant yeera that the Cape Coloured vote has t s been challenged. It way tilten so .ucu for granted at Vie tina of ■ *•> ■ . ■■■m < ■ ■ V, s-,:w ■ ; ' ' ' ’ . v ., f- ■ •• ■ •', ■• •« - V- ** '" ' . - • ; Unlaw that oniy the native fronohxee eaa referred to when disouaaiaf safeguarda. Similarly, in tua debates of tho Oapu ?arliaaent on the draft constitution daring the special eeasion of l? 09 , the eaphaaiB was satirely oa whether or not tfae native vote waa adequately protected, ■ ______?h* position taon was that at th® ti»« of tbiida o f t h e Capo Coloured rew®1®®d a s b e f o r e tot no further applications , ■ •" ■ ’ •- - / - - -, ■ . * j | • ”W - ., i-f: r.w :*#■ ■ the4lU . 4 44 colour bar i» IU th®a m-Transra.il - - *> and«... a JPree •- State was ^ aain-* '^U4 VpVUiA HwUKmi UU» UU» vtt^/g VV4VUr«U WUW«W» *Oo fi UlVDioV * Amendmant 4©t JSo. 41 ef 1931 iboliahed the existing ;troporty £ .. . -’.• , - *■. ' >. ’■ ' Si iJ- ’• ... -- ’ -T V a ua liflo a tio n for Europeans a n d extended t h e franchise t o w « i y ! V l "l i’v ': l:S ^ T < :f ._Z white personpnrmti ov©rover 2X£1 years of a«e. The &®pr®a station of Satires ' actiot (Bo. **12 orof placed«i^ Arric**i& Africanst/ * o on r a separate reglregister with a .'■V’v' Leo*. 3Su* ElectoralLecterai ConsolidationConsolidate Act of I 9 4 6 made " v - -M% ^ . -Sy v -x _ m m ' i i t poaaible to o h a l l e n ^ hon-tJuropean®ropeaEH on ^ e Provisional Voter® :• V., r Uet to appear in parson or by prosyproiy 1 to eetabiiah their qquaiifioationi struck off tee List. it I . p !■ ■ ..■■ ■ fa s m i M . . H I P JB Ip p p H i'> v ••r’i'' '•'^Vt: -i .- • vv. • * - ^ •'. i The meotoral Laws iaendsmt Aot So. 50 of 1946 mad® it o li^atoiy PHHVPV 1 preparation of roll a tor aaeh electoral divieicaa for white a sc, whit* » o m d , and fcen-&ar©pe*ns re u. actively, fo r eoapulsoxy ^.^*^*>•^•■ 1. ■■ ... ______„lpp.. .HHL9L ..... MHHHHRHH registration of European votars and coapuleery aotifieatioa of •■'••: - ' !:.•>,.■•• £'~. F>- 1 • .'' changes o f adtlresat b o uueh provisions applied to Gfep* Coloured voter*. fife* ultimata absolute dininutte* efthe Cap* Coloured ; voter** power ha* come in the foxa of the Separate Hapresentation :v‘- • •■ T: :■ ~' ■ ■ • of Voter* Act. Mf : ' '.•■'•.. ; / TvL ACT Attitude to t*js Separate Ltute respectfully auks the political and that itprobably clV tioal parties} iberations are intor-racialj party - pclitial or eeetional She Institute*s conviction is feat in any dewocractic state p&itC - the conferment «f the franchise ean be deterainod m l j by the 4 ' capability of the person to exereiso that right. Such capability is in no way affeetsd by the *olour of his *ven if it be hy his culture and hie education. fixt denial of the ri^ht to properly ; qualified persons (or its curtailment) einply on the ground of their M « * r is therefore tatd***eratic and unjustifiable. fife* Institute believes that this fclloea logically fro* the acceptance ef the values and principles of Western Christian democracy. It considers that thi* is wore emphatically the cas* with the tap* Col our ad ■ rrt people who do net diff*r in tradition, langu^^s, culture or intereet ■ r ikiQ.* "^-v* ••-. j* ’ ft** £ttr*paane wh* have full fra**hi*e right«, and that to plane the 7'Ste*. ft - Cape Coloured people m a separate voters' roll and give them snmimnwl baaed not on incapacity. J* to S3 oexercise « i v * » o tr.aav-‘ww but»“ * merely on the ppxoim& * * " of colour* Of all JKon- :;V'" ' - European groups the Gas# Coloured are particularly assimilated to Suropeaa »ayo of living, la kistory, culture, language, identity of interest, tradition, scale of civilisation. l' ** action aa th« part of members of Parliament should be concerned vrith A • ' . ± t ' " v ■-■ V ' A- ' r% principle or opinion, cultural, moral, or economic sad • V that thet be more aasooh concern is compromised by the subordination or t : - ' r,f-' -* • - • :j*>- — *■. #- r V-...- _■-. « • ,. ' I » ,. , i ’ ■* ,.•.-•<■ -* iuwS V • . c % ; .'■• - •' ■ '£:*■* . '■• ;• ■ yt :■ ’J: •< - substitution of sectional interests,>sts, whetherwbdtiK af olaas or religion, ^ ^ -.• m -; *• ". :*?£: V .. m . 8 ■ ■.* I or race, the lass useful and effective for tbe c o s m q Perilament sill become* r She oircuastancea that in toe public •>’ /«**:*L," &;>>■ •' j-- ’ .V: ‘ • - ^ " ‘V 14 fa *W4 11. AA of tuna nt.h«* I i r tr4 A a. u - process of creating additional sectional representation* fkm * course wf wisdom and statesmanship would be to strive for tbs subordinatiG* af sectional claims to t&e collective interests of the politic and to legislate for the good of the people aa a iv •, ' . whole rather then for the real or supposed interests of any ' particular trroup or group a, Tho Institute belieras that the . TSt^SS. interests^ prea*nt and future, of Suropeans as well as Bae-taropeans ' ' .• __" ____•.? —■:-o —...... j- t... :,vv^:,v ______i ti /m a • • Ualaaa in exceptional oirouasUneea, tha aeparation of >-'•'• •'■ nttri into ewatitumwlM «n ths basis at &aj othiv than territorial ...... division i«, moreover, unsound *td an^aocratio political raotice. Political opinion is organised in parties on * national basis and any . ' £ ' - = / . *1'-. • : ■'■Si.:, »• ;v : ' " ’■ ■ '= ' ' "• * '*■' ■ : \*i5: . ' * »•• if: ^ v . grouping which ia not national in its scops will either fail to fit % into m party ays-Ua and so become in e ffe c tu a l, or i t w ill ha the > v * source of aox parties which are not national ia their purview and will * ereata fissures in the body politic. A legislature split up into asatleftal groupa (more capaolally if they are baaed on racial internet, would hara ' X ;- '■■ .* fy - p-'y itapreaantatioa hj territorial oonstituenale®, on the other hand, tends to counteract any aucb dowel oiveeat because all or aost ■'■. .. ■ ‘ \- "■ widely enough demarcated. .. I ...... 1 ■ i. — iW ' . z ¥ m ■ T« 4fc. locality, thars i»* *i*h varying exceptions, a croas-saction complementary variations, looalitias Mrs ' microcosms of the nation. Representation therefore ■',1 ° > V A *’ r *’.- • .I ■ r-a. ' T - > I .■ . . t; W v • A » T ' •> k T on a territorial sgatam, with iocal constituencies* and v > d v..& .V-^ '■ ; ’ t'VJy'jM: j. • '-4. »'• = only in the most exceptional oircurastanoas, and only as a auppl . ’%r: ' ^ "Tv -V ■ v • ‘ ■■ - %;r> V. w w •r-v y' ■ y :!t. tion of the territorial a^Etea, should taera ba any 4aj fires demoortitio and C h ria U a n way of l i f e , the Institute i s at a loaa to con»«lva on what grijuada, other th^n hav* aada undaaiabU progress educationally -aid ecotiomicilly and la the fieldsfield* of religion,re] culture, and democratic responsibility *nd vT 3 ~ by so doing h*ve *atabli*hod taoir rlgtit to tU* aaintenaaee af the participation in the cornuon roll baa bean abused by tbea or i»a* had -£] ,?>' any detrimental effect on tbs well-being of the state. In the absence of adeqaats evidence to the contrary, the Institute laLa not -fe; 'V.. to consider allegations of political corruption and, even I A • ^ v$ ' a- _•, / : • M 'Fa v .Vii ^M^otteb corruption should b* aBt&bliabed, tiie Institute does not '.’: 1 .• , . • •• «S- ' i ' ■„■■ ? ' i .'■■ . ’ 1 ... } ' -z1 consider _ _ .1 _ ■ -S _ itX A. any----- ~ justification A.S * for ■*■ the ““ deprivation * ‘ * ef ■“• oonwon rights for each corruption involves * uiodlar degree of oorruption in .V ' . 1 . corruption is bald to aiaxe the Cap* Coloured unfit to exercise tie franchise on the canton roll, it I v ’ .?.♦. W .'•' '/~;v .‘.. • - j ‘ register. la the | g | | ^ T ^ p : latter ease, indeed* thair -safitness in these tartes would - *01id racial group than if their influence were d.aperaed over a number of predominantly European It should not fce overlooked that a eaSll compact b*dy of ' even four representative* of the Capa Coloured people, elected bf *b* Cap* Coloured peopl* to represent Cape Coloured interest** might **11 ' b* in a position to play a d**isiva rfil* in Parliament if the fealaaa* «f power among Suropean aembera depended upon a nar. om . majority. Tne very undeairybU result mould eventuate that a racially aeetional «roup ai a few aembers, representing * ***11 ■ minority of the whole people and a provoked aeotional ccnsoiouanesa, S&' ' '4 ^ 3b E B I I 1 , . . , - r - could determine #ie course of policy in mattora of «i* grave at •V . . W iif..- . ;• -i*r v • ...... ■■ ...... Alternatively, and a* l**a undesirable, the Inatituta ccweider* that if euoh a racially a*ational group *houla find ite*lf permanently ■ >► ■ . ■ pi ■ ■ I .. . Mi my*. ; fetf - in a small minority la Parliament, its power to further the interests ■ h h ' Si ' >3 "W~ I ■ jts V-'i. -A " interest* on it Sts •san *e»n the cae* *?ith the Sa«lve Knpressntatirss, I -V but fc»ih£ a si*sll * * 4 ill-considered sainority the? would be unable to ' ■ ^ "'■ ;/VC'V 'v '*£<■ ■ * - •>•■• ■' It »o«w»» hardly nacesaaxy to add that, ahouid toe ,; = V;\<£ establishment of s communal register for the Coloured people be ; ■ . > . ■ : ... ,*.... $ ©cabined with s liudtatio» of th# j&gfet of their elected HftM W rtl all issues* thvt would be s for* of Coffifflisiiioiai, in its .ielife0r&tl -. . 1 ^ . JMft'•■?■ --S L aafcSB M l ■ :1 ■•;■'■"• S - ' l l ' # . - --;#,• " V.;f In holding to th«a» wiews, the las tituts has taken iato con si deration aot only the conditions of toe Cape Coloured people, the , ."..<•••• W PI H l r5 k i i H i BaC.J*‘ii!SaBk^5!E. 'aS ■ *' • !S !• ■ - v . •- * ;'A values which should infaro a Christian dsa»ocratio state, and the practical oonaidarHtiona involved in the change of political status ■ ■ .. wi m u .! Suoh con sid«ratiea has tne Institute te the conolusion that, * *:• • .• •- T-- . v - » r d . ; • •-•• H i ■ M ■■■' 'J&e * rsli&ieus oountric* mey r&^uire such aodification of « tlx* "one* m±n one vote1 principle as may enable cui.tu.ral '§ or numerically minority .^roupi. to be politically represscted. ' In considering these two factors, the Institute le of the opinion feat the Ca,>e Coloured people nave absorbed vest^ra Id e a * to fee extent th it they oust be held to qualify for acceptance into the democratic state. If, after 100 years ef the exercise ef aor&al democratic rights during which they were considered to be so ^oallfied both by Church sod state, there should be aay doubt as to the assimilation of the Gape Coloured people as a *hole into Western culture and tradition, the Institute considers* that tne present lualifiottlons as to property end education dssiarideA of the Caps Coloured voter are adequate to eafagaard ifestom civilisation in iouth Africa. In fact, fee v institute sou id go further uad euggest that fee naintenanoe of oivilisaticn in South Africa, demands fee extension of the Cape Coloured franchise to the if or them Provinces, on fee saae basis as in the Cape Province and fee enfranchisement of Cape Coloured . \ \ iu support ef these vlevc the Institute draws fee ** eAjvcioSOi€^ attention of the Cowaission tc the appendices nttaoued to this From/* < -14- :.r -v, * ■ , v- :r- ' >£&■ — -"%1 from th» esasunatioa «6t tfu» material appended and from information gained fro-x other cou-trieu and tevritcrios th« . _/ lastititute eli&bos to further jpfcaaiac its attitude and approach ' M w g i i P £'• " % $ J k z '■ r4i '■ > •>-•• i ■ ■ 31110931“ < the last war Uwre ’uave been ai^iifiofaRt developments in moat of tl* oountrios of tue Sut. Hindustan anA Pakistan have . *become self-governing dominions within the British Commonwealth of > ':N , •■• SiSatiojis, Burma an mdep^nd^it Kepubliej Britain ha a granted qualified eelf-^ov . to Cejlor, 4ala^a and Singapore! Indonesia a&a beeoae independent though as yet » thout any finally .- ^ TTy. , r ..v-jr- . ▼ decided fom of government. ill thee* countrios have adopted* or *• . *- ■ seem likely to follow, Western democrat!o form* of government* § C . Despite tue high rate of Illiteracy in snob countries, free elections . v-V - "• have been held, apparently successfully. The season roll is, '■' < w v > j however, operated with reservations. “• I •< , .. In Ceylon where full self~gever£»ent is envisaged taough / • act yet attained, d: spit a contrasting r«li;cioua amd racial : s' dafferances in the ^opalaUon, the aim aae been the iorraulation of . .•'*'• . - -v.-- -T. ?v t> -* ~ -T^i. - v • '-rs a.- A s • s v '5 - ■■“' ■*-. i • • ■•■• .•.•*•• - - . -J *• - a unitary e«a4«« sms**, under the latest constitution 1 <*5 0 , the i- members of the Souse of K^pr&sentativ^s are elMted on a universal sdnlt suffrage. lector*! diviaioos are based on population and the area of the provinces. Tho latter factor i s introduced on account of the need to give adequate representation to such Minorities am the ______. , Tamils m l MBmLims without bringing in a syste.n of separate electoral fbere ie also a proviso th«t lays down that if in any province t.iere is a substantial concantratian of parsons united by a ooamunity of interests, whether social, religions or otherwlme, but differing in one cr 40ms d these respects from the inhabitants of the area, that Province aey be so delimited into constituencies as to render possible the refrres ntation of that interest. Such provisions modify tt*a strict application of the *one man one vote** .'y®W »1 - .v • «•- :S ■ -SJ ■ ij> principle* - ' • # j. ,?‘ v .•/"■■•. - - -731re3l - .v w--;- rx N-;' : . ‘ • - • •' 'A.; ^'.r..S: Ceyloa ie of particular ittercat because initially the **<• w caamuaai system mas introduced to m at the expected sectional minority intersts/*... 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