9780128008614.Pdf
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
HYBRID SHIP HULLS This page intentionally left blank HYBRID SHIP HULLS Engineering Design Rationales VLADIMIR M. SHKOLNIKOV Principal Investigator Beltran Inc., New York, USA AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA First published 2014 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangement with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN: 978-0-12-800861-4 For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at store.elsevier.com Printed and bound in the United States 14 15 16 17 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Preface vii Acknowledgments ix 1. Premises of Hybrid Hull Implementation 1 1.1 Trends in Demand for Composite and Hybrid Structures 1 1.2 Hybrid Hull Peculiarities 3 1.3 Inheritance of Composite Shipbuilding 6 1.4 Advanced Design-Technology Concepts 19 References 24 2. Existing and Prospective Hybrid Hulls 29 2.1 Composite Superstructures of Hybrid Surface Vessels 29 2.2 Composite Outboard Submarine Structures 38 References 45 3. Material-Transition Structures 49 3.1 Prerequisites of Rational Design 49 3.2 Benchmarking of Existing Hybrid Joining Technologies 51 3.3 Advantageous Joining Options 62 References 66 4. Comeld-2 Development and Performance Evaluation 69 4.1 Introductory Study 70 4.2 Impact Resistance 80 4.3 Reparability 83 4.4 Preliminary Analytical Optimization 87 4.5 Material Processing 99 4.6 Champion Selection 103 4.7 Moistening/Watertightness Examination 110 4.8 Champion Mechanical-Environmental Testing 114 4.9 Techno-Economic Appraisal 124 4.10 Comeld-2 Readiness 128 References 131 v vi Contents 5. Serviceability Characterization 133 5.1 Existing Approach 133 5.2 Prerequisites of Methodology Advancement 139 5.3 Serviceability at Conventional Load Cases 149 5.4 Structural Performance at Complex Loading Profiles 159 5.5 Practical Applications 161 5.6 Experimental Verification of the Kinetic-Based Approach 165 5.7 Methodological Upgrade of Serviceability Evaluation 171 References 173 6. Prospective Investigations 175 6.1 Prevention of Galvanic Corrosion 175 6.2 Laser-Based Surfi-Sculpt 177 6.3 Comeld-2 Non-Naval Applications 179 References 180 Appendix: MatLab codes on serviceability characterization 183 Glossary/Abbreviations 189 Index 191 PREFACE The development of novel structural systems is inconceivable without advanced materials aimed at improving service performance for a new demand. As with everything in nature composed of a mixture of materials that work well together, two or more dissimilar material systems may be employed in concert to form a hybrid engineering structure that balances the enhanced service performance of the structure with its feasibility and cost efficiency. One of the most common structural hybrids being exploited today com- bines metals with polymer matrix composites. A characteristic example of this is a warship’s primarily metal hull with composite structural compo- nents. While upgrading functional and operational capabilities, a hybrid hull significantly differs from a conventional monomaterial hull, which is either fully metal or fully composite. The encountered distinctions pertain to the two major factors governing a structure’s engineering, material processing and structural behavior. Jointly, these distinctions engender considerable peculiarities of engineering routines that need be ascertained for an effective implementation of the projected hybrid structure. The present work identifies specific traits intrinsic to hybrid structural systems and outlines design rationales that maximize functional and opera- tional effectiveness of the hybrids. It is primarily dedicated to the advance- ment of naval structures and is based upon experience acquired over decades of engineering and operation of naval composite and hybrid structures. Aside from a direct military destination, the imparted data might also be useful for a diversity of heavy-duty structural systems throughout non-naval marine, aerospace, automotive, wind-power generation, and other indus- tries striving to maximize service performance, weight efficiency, cost effectiveness, and safety of structural operation. The book chapters impart diverse aspects of hybrid structure engineer- ing, specifically as follows. Chapter 1 introduces the grounds for hybrid hull development and peculiarities inherent to hybrid structure engineering. It also provides an overview of the history of composite shipbuilding and summarizes the lessons learned from preceding experience, the rational adaption of which facilitates success in hybrid hull development. vii viii Preface Chapter 2 benchmarks representative examples of warships with hybrid hulls, distinguishing two major categories of composite applications for primarily metal naval vessels: topside structures of surface ships and outboard (light hull) submarine structures. Chapter 3 enlightens specific facets pertinent to engineering of material- transition structures, hybrid (metal-to-composite) joints in particular, and outlines design rationales for selection of robust and structurally efficient technical solutions. Chapter 4 presents results of the recent development of an emerging bonded-pinned (Comeld-2) hybrid joining technology that appears superior to the state-of-the-art hybrid joining options for heavy-duty applications available to date. Chapter 4 also delineates economic aspects of hybrid hull concept implementation with utilization of Comeld-2. Chapter 5 addresses methodological aspects of serviceability evaluation of composite and hybrid structures undergoing long-term changing force-ambient operational exposures. Chapter 6 identifies and outlines the targets for prospective develop- ments with regard to beneficial utilization of the hybrid structure concept, including those beyond naval shipbuilding. The appendix of the book presents a few MatLab codes exemplifying evaluation of serviceability of a composite structure undergoing assorted force-temperature exposures. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author expresses his deep appreciation to Elsevier for its steadfast assis- tance and guidance during preparation of this manuscript. The author extends his special thanks to Hayley Gray, Senior Acquisitions Editor; Cari Owen, Editorial Project Manager; Hop Wechsler, Permissions Helpdesk Manager; Lisa M. Jones, Project Manager; and Paul Gottehrer, Copy editor. A prevailing part of the presented data reflects outcomes of the author’s investigations primarily dedicated to the advancement of assorted naval platforms utilizing structural composites. These were performed in part in Russia prior the author’s move to the U.S. in August 1995 and in part afterward. The author gratefully acknowledges the sponsorship provided by both the Russian and U.S. governments, as well as the productive cooperation of his colleagues in both countries. ix This page intentionally left blank CHAPTER 1 Premises of Hybrid Hull Implementation 1.1 TRENDS IN DEMAND FOR COMPOSITE AND HYBRID STRUCTURES Development of novel structural systems is inconceivable without advanced materials capable of facilitating service performance related to a new demand. As with everything in nature composed of a mixture of materials that work well together, two or more dissimilar material systems may be employed in concert to form a heterogeneous, hybrid structure that enables a rational balance of enhanced performance with feasibility and cost effi- ciency of the new structure. One of the most common structural hybrids being exploited combines metals with polymer matrix