Circuit and Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics a Marie Curie Initial Training Network

Circuit and Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics a Marie Curie Initial Training Network

National Launch Event for Horizon 2020, 28/29 January 2014 in Berlin Printed within the Framework of the CCQED Network (Project Number 264666, Call FP7-People-2010-ITN)

Edited by Tatjana Wilk & Andreas Hartmann Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1 85748 Garching

Layout & Design Julia von Ferber [email protected]

Satz Medienberatung Trayser Leopoldstr. 133 80804 München [email protected]

2 3 We delightfully accepted the invitation to present our Initial Training Network named Circuit and Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics (CCQED) at the National Launch Event for Preface Horizon 2020, the new European Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, taking place on 28/29 January 2014 in Berlin.

Dr. Tatjana Wilk Scientific Coordinator Senior Scientist in the Quantum Dynamics Division at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics [email protected] Andreas Hartmann EU Project Manager, EU-Office Max Planck Institutes Regional Cluster Bavaria at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics [email protected]

4 Being selected as one among eight, out of all together with David J. Wineland ‘for ground- European projects coordinated in Germany, is breaking experimental methods that enable a great honour for us, and we kindly thank the measuring and manipulation of individual National Contact Point for Marie Curie Actions quantum systems’. for nominating us. With our presentation in Berlin and with this brochure we would like In its growth strategy, Europe 2020, the to share with you what CCQED is all about and European Union stresses the importance what made it so successful. young researchers have for Europe’s future, as they are vital to a knowledge-based society While pioneers of quantum mechanics Albert and to a competitive economy. However, Einstein and Niels Bohr could only think about European research funding is not only about experiments with single atoms and photons, supporting individual researchers, but also we actually do such experiments today in our about creating a European added value that laboratories! Exploring the quantum world cannot be accomplished on a national level. and controlling light-matter interactions at This idea is flourishing in our network, where the level of single quanta lies at the heart of all local partners profit from collaborations and the research done within the CCQED network. the exchange of ideas. Moreover, by forming One of our network partners Serge Haroche the next generation of young scientists, which received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2012 will have expertise in all CCQED related topics, we will fuel the growth of emerging quantum technologies and promote the innovative strength of Europe.

We owe special thanks to our network partners and fellows. Only their contributions and support allowed us to prepare the presentation in Berlin and this brochure.

Tatjana Wilk & Andreas Hartmann January 2014 in Garching

5 Contents

4 Contents ...... 6 About CCQED ...... 8 The CCQED Research Field ...... 10 About Marie Curie Actions ...... 12 How CCQED was build ...... 13 Network Partners and Fellows ...... 14 Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics ...... 16 Mahmood Sabooni ...... 17 Aarhus University ...... 18 Olivier Legrand ...... 19 University of Innsbruck ...... 20 Raimar Sandner ...... 21 University of Bonn ...... 22 Jose Gallego ...... 23 Wigner Research Center of Physics ...... 24 András Dombi ...... 25

6 Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (ENS-CNRS)...... 26 Carla Hermann ...... 27 Menlo Systems GmbH ...... 28 Artem Golovizin ...... 28 Philipp Heck ...... 29 National Instruments ...... 30 Maria Bernard Schwarz ...... 31 CEA-Saclay ...... 32 Kristinn Julisson ...... 33 ETH Zürich ...... 34 Mathias Stammeier ...... 35 Walther-Meißner-Institut ...... 36 Ling Zhong ...... 37 University of the Basque Country ...... 38 Roberto Di Candia ...... 38 Simone Felicetti ...... 39 Toptica Photonics AG ...... 40 European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (Lens) ...... 41 Network Activities ...... 42 Winter School: Introduction to circuit and cavity QED ...... 44 Summer School: FPGA and High Performance Computing Technologies ...... 45 Supplementary Training ...... 46 Conferences ...... 48 Public Events...... 50 Impact of CCQED ...... 52

7 How CCQED was build About CCQED

The CCQED Research About Field Marie Curie Actions 8 The Initial Training Network Circuit and Cavity Quantum Network-wide meetings and conferences strengthen links Electro-Dynamics (CCQED) aims to bridge two research areas between CCQED partners and intensify the exchange between in physics which both investigate the strong coupling between academia and the private sector. Results and benefits of light and matter at its most fundamental level of elementary network-induced collaborations that go beyond the initially quanta. In this regime one or a few atoms strongly interact with planned joint projects, are shared, pursued and diffused within a single mode of the electromagnetic field stored in a resonator Europe by opening network events to external researchers and containing only a small number of photons. This research area, by publications in high-impact scientific journals. named cavity quantum electrodynamics, has been at first investigated with real atoms coupled to microwave or optical As an Initial Training Network, CCQED provides positions for photons. In recent years it was then demonstrated that the education and training of 12 Early Stage Researchers (ESRs) very same physics can be studied in a solid-state architecture in a 3-year PhD-programme and 2 Experienced Researchers named circuit quantum electrodynamics, where now artificial (ERs) in postdoctoral studies during 2 years. Each of the atoms made of Josephson junctions are coupled to on-chip fellows is enrolled in a challenging research project at his host superconducting resonators. Both fields made spectacular institution, that either deals with state engineering of two progress in the past years, with a remarkable diversity or more particles, with engineering of photonic of demonstrated physical effects. This was recently states or with new technological tools. acknowledged by awarding the Nobel Prize in The high quality of these projects is Physics to Serge Haroche (jointly with David documented by the scientific and J. Wineland), whose group is part of the technological outcome achieved CCQED network. during the first three years of CCQED. While circuit and cavity quantum electrodynamics share the same concepts, they explore different regimes with fundamentally different techniques. This complementarity has implied a strong motivation to bring together the solid-state circuit and the More atomic physics cavity groups in Europe to information form a unified scientific community. Hybrid about CCQED systems, combining the advantages of a real can be found at: single atom with a superconducting transmission www.ccqed.eu line cavity, are a prime example of how this union might spark new scientific directions.

9 The CCQED Research Field

In the field of Quantum Optics the central topic is the system that exhibits its own Eigenstates. This research area investigation of light-matter interaction under very specific and is named cavity QED. controlled conditions, in a regime, which is ruled by the laws of quantum physics. Since the beginning of the 20th century The recent years have brought the demonstration that the very it has been known that light does not only propagate as an same physics can be studied with ‘artificial atoms’, e.g. so- electromagnetic wave but also behaves like particles or light called Josephson junctions that are implemented in a solid- quanta, the so-called photons. This gives rise to new and exotic state architecture and coupled to on-chip superconducting phenomena that are not known in the classical world. The resonators. Here, Josephson junctions behave like two-state theory that explains the properties of light-matter interaction atoms that can resonantly driven with microwave photons in the quantum regime is called Quantum Electrodynamics propagating on the chip or stored in a strip-line cavity. This (QED). area is nicknamed circuit QED.

In fact, it is now possible to investigate the coupling between Both cavity and circuit QED share the same basic concepts, light and matter at its most fundamental level, i.e. the and both made spectacular progress in the past years. interaction between a single or a small number of photon(s) However, it is remarkable that they explore different regimes or light mode(s) and a single or just a few atoms. with essentially different techniques. For example, Cavities made of two high-reflecting mirrors major achievements in cavity QED have been play a key role in these experiments. the generation of nonlinear photonics Here, atom and light mode are with one atom, and the realization stored inside the resonator, of feedback schemes on single forming a strongly coupled atoms triggered by the

10 detection of single perform experiments photons, whereas involving multi- milestones in circuit QED particle and/or multi- the deterministic generation photon states. Another and tomography of arbitrary notable scientific outcome is quantum states of a resonator the possibility of building hybrid by superconducting quantum bits, or systems by coupling superconducting the evidence of the lamb shift in a solid-state transmission lines to real atoms, since this system. would allow exploiting the advantages of both concepts: superconducting circuits on the one hand react very fast, but Such complementarities give a strong motivation to bring their states exhibit very short lifetimes. Single-atom systems on together the solid-state circuit and the atomic physics cavity the other hand can hold superposition of states for reasonable groups in Europe to form a unified scientific community. Theory time periods. Furthermore, they are linked to optical photons, partners in the network come with strong expertise from both which can travel over large distances, a prerequisite for the fields, superconducting solid-state and atomic physics. They realization of remote entanglement between distant nodes in all work closely with experimentalists and have seen their a quantum network. The combination of both systems could predictions confirmed in the last decade. hence be useful for future quantum computation architectures: The fast superconducting circuits could be the key element A central research aim of CCQED is to exploit and advance the for quantum information processing, whereas the real atoms controllability of the number of atoms, ions and artificial atoms can serve as the basic storing and communication unit for strongly coupled to microwave as well as optical photons to quantum information.

11 About Marie Curie Actions

Behind every scientific or technological breakthrough are standing people who actually do the research or development. Therefore, people are the central figure in all Marie Curie Actions (MCA), which is one of the European Union’s funding instruments of the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7). Its main goal is to strengthen qualitatively and quantitatively the human potential in science and technology in the European Union. To make careers in research more attractive, MCA offer excellent working conditions and competitive salaries. In addition, they require mobility, meaning that researchers have to move to another country to be eligible for a position. Mobility of researchers leads to circulation of ideas as well as to dissemination of new research concepts and techniques. It is therefore a crucial measure to increase the competitiveness of the European Union.

Several funding schemes are available within MCA. Among exchange. Moreover, network meetings allow the fellows these, Initial Training Networks (ITNs) are especially dedicated to build their own professional network. The possibility to to researchers at an early stage of their careers. ITNs are multi- complement their professional training with supplementary partner projects composed of universities, research centres skills, e.g. management or entrepreneurship, will enhance the and companies from different countries working towards a fellows’ career prospects in academia or industry. common research goal. Each participating host institution hires young researchers and trains them on a challenging research By offering these ideal training and working conditions project. Joint schools, seminars and conferences broaden the ITNs make a valuable contribution to the growth of the next fellow’s expertise and set the ground for cooperation and generation of highly skilled researchers in Europe.

http://ec.europa.eu/mariecurieactions

12 How CCQED was build

CCQED is successful because it has been created with Third, we had to fully embrace the EU Work Programme. Once generosity and curiosity, and is managed intelligently. Its more, we had to relieve ourselves from our own narrow view creation back in 2009 required a passion for science, the to understand what the EU wants and why. This included for people and institutions as well as a dedicated effort to settle example the idea of training young people such that they can an excellent management structure. This was not an easy task. be immersed in the European job market. To assure this, we implemented several features, for instance, the fact that the First, in order to build a multidisciplinary network, we had three companies involved have different sizes. This, among to establish contacts with the solid-state physics community others, was part of important fine-tunings to the project. that was disconnected from the quantum optics community we come from. It required excellent knowledge of the current Today, our best rewards are the young people that have been research to find suitable candidates, and groups were invited hired, who embrace well the philosophy of CCQED. Could the to join us only when they showed a good team attitude. next calls in Horizon 2020 do better than FP7? I believe they certainly can by a deeper formation in management, leveraging Second, we had to involve the private sector, which was the mobility condition, and other points that are necessary, in highly desired by the EU. We started naively by kindly asking my view, for a proper management of knowledge in the EU. companies to join, with the only motive that we wanted this project to be accepted! Those first attempts failed and we nearly abandoned! But then, we asked ourselves the good Dr Karim Murr questions: Why would a company like to join an ITN? What will Initiator of CCQED they gain? We started thinking differently by putting ourselves in the mind of the private sector. Three companies are now Q* Quantum Science and Technology in Arcetri part of CCQED and their input is central. Department of Physics Largo Enrico Fermi 2 50125 Florence Italy [email protected]

13 Network Partners and Fellows

14 The CCQED network is coordinated at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics and is composed of 14 partners from 8 dif- ferent European countries. 11 groups from academia – theory and experimental - and 3 partners from industry jointly ad- vance state-of-the-art research in circuit and cavity quantum electrodynamics and promote the development of new tech- nologies.

The network provides 12 training positions for Early Stage Re- searchers (ESRs) in a 3-year PhD programme, and 2 positions for Experienced Researchers (ERs) for postdoctoral studies during 2 years. Each of the fellows is in- tegrated in a challenging research project at his host institution. In addition, fellows benefit In addition to from frequent interactions the fellows presented with other CCQED partner. here, Paul A. Altin, Reschad It is a remarkable aspect of Ebert, Ricardo Gomez, Tobias the career advancement of Griesser, Michele Guinta, Ian the fellows that they have Leroux, Alexandre Thai, and access to a wide technolog- Fabio Vallone were also ical diversity of experiments funded by CCQED. and a large variety of theoreti- cal methods.

In the following, all CCQED partners are introduced with a brief profile of their institution and a short description of the CCQED research project the fellow is involved. Furthermore, all current fellows give a statement why they were attracted to the CCQED projects and how they profit from the network.

15 Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics

Tatjana Wilk & Gerhard Rempe Quantum Dynamics Division +DQV.RSIHUPDQQ6WUD—H 85748 Garching Germany www.mpq.mpg.de

The Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ) in Garching is one of the 82 institutes in Germany that belong to the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG) which are conducting basic research in natural sciences, life sciences, social sciences, and the arts and humanities. At MPQ, about 240 researcher explore various aspects of matter-light interactions, ranging from high-precision spectroscopy over attosecond physics, ultracold quantum 16 matter, single particle control to quantum information theory. Mahmood Sabooni ... is exploring Experienced Researcher the applications of atom-cavity systems from Sweden in quantum information processing schemes . After his fellowship he plans to keep working as a postdoc in academia.

Why have you applied for the position in your group? My main interest is mostly on experimental light-matter interaction in the quantum regime. I want to extend my knowledge about quantum information processing to a new physical implementation. Broadening the knowledge in several physical realizations will be very helpful for a researcher who wants to build his own group in the future.

How does CCQED help you to advance your career? I really appreciate the opportunity that CCQED allows me to participate in a cutting-edge exper- iment. During my PhD studies I gained some experience in the interaction of light quanta with an ensemble of atoms. The CCQED programme now allows me to broaden my knowledge and extend it to single-atom single-photon interaction.

Among other projects, the Quantum Dynamics Division led by Ger- hard Rempe is focusing on single-atom cavity QED. The picture shows an optical cavity consisting of two highly reflecting mir- rors (red) facing each other at a distance of 260 μm. A single atom coupled to an optical cavity is an ideal system to re- veal the quantum nature of light since it shows a quantum nonlinearity which can not be explained by light being a wave. Apart from the observation of fundamental quan- tum effects such systems have also proven to be ideal candidates for the realization of quantum networks by demonstrating reversable state transfer from station- ary qubit to flying qubit, remote entanglement and teleportation. 17 Aarhus University

Aurelien Dantan & Michael Drewsen Department of Physics and Astronomy The Ion Trap Group Bygning 1520 Ny Munkegade 8000 Aarhus C Denmark phys.au.dk

Founded in 1928 Aarhus Universi- ty (AU) is the second oldest and next largest university in Denmark. AU is a full-scale university with currently more than 40,000 students enrolled. The CCQED partner group at AU – The Ion Trap Group – is one of the major experimental research groups at the Department of Physics and Astronomy with activities focused on cavity QED experiments with ion Cou- lomb crystals and cold molecular ion 18 research. ... is working on the implementation of a quantum memory for Olivier Legrand light using an ion crystal in- Early Stage Researcher side an optical resonator. After CCQED, he would like to from France continue to work in basic research.

Why have you applied for the position in your group? At the end of my Masters degree in France, I knew I wanted to work on a subject related to quantum information, so I visited different groups in Europe. The position in Aarhus retained my attention as the project involved very interesting experimental as well as theoretical physics.

How does CCQED help you to advance your career? The CCQED network, by financing the position in Aarhus, directly helped me to get the position here. The organization of meetings getting the CCQED fellows together definitely helps to build a network of people working in the same field, but with different and complementary skills, which I think can be very useful in the future. Also, participating to a workshop on LabVIEW, which has been made possible through the partnership of National Instruments to the project, has been very valuable.

The main objectives of the Ion Trap Group within CCQED have been the demonstration of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in an atomic media in the form of an Ion Coulomb crystal (blue glowing object in the centre of the picture), and the application of this exotic effect in connection with storage of photonic states. The blue objects on the left and on the right are the cavity mirrors. The distance between the mirrors is 12 mm. The gold plated cylinders are the electrodes keep- ing the ions trapped. For carrying out this research, the CCQED ITN has been important for the development of different specific concepts and for exchange of ideas between partners working on similar ideas, but with complementary physical systems. 19 University of Innsbruck

Helmut Ritsch Institute for Theoretical Physics 7HFKQLNHUVWUD—H 6020 Innsbruck Austria www.uibk.ac.at/th-physik/qo/

The Innsbruck Physics Research Centre is committed to carry out excellent, worldwide competitive research addressing a broad range of modern topics in physics. The Centre is organized along three main research areas: Astro- and Astroparticle Physics, Ion- and Applied Physics, and Quantum Physics. It is strongly linked to many research institutions worldwide and provides a truly international environment for researchers from all over the world. The research group of Helmut Ritsch is specialized in theories and methods for investigating cavity quantum electrodynamics and optomechanics.

20 Why have you applied for the position in your group? The position appealed to me because it combined my two main fields of interest: fundamental research in the domain of quantum optics with a focus on computational aspects, especially the development of a modern software project. Raimar Sandner Furthermore, Innsbruck and the group of Helmut Ritsch was my first-choice option. How does CCQED help you to advance your career? Early Stage Researcher The CCQED network offered me the ... is developing a from Germany possibility to work at an internationally flexible programming acknowledged research center for quantum framework for simulating dy- optics. It has helped to advance my career by namics in open quantum systems allowing scientific exchange at together with the CCQED Partner conferences, summer schools and in Budapest. After CCQED, he will workshops, facilitating collaborations apply for a research-oriented and extending my skill-set by offering position in industry or a supplementary training. Through CCQED I am post-doc position. now in touch with many other young researchers throughout Europe as well as industry partners in the field.

C++QED is a programming framework for simulating dynamics of open quantum systems, originally developed by András Vukics. It provides a toolbox modeling elementary systems like atoms or modes, which the user can connect with predefined interactions using only a few lines of C++ code. After compilation, the resulting programme is highly optimized for simulating the specific quantum system at hand. For us the CCQED network offers the opportunity to further improve the capabilities of C++QED in a tight cooperation with the Budapest quantum optics group, and to bring the framework to the attention of potential users who might benefit. 21 University of Bonn

Dieter Meschede Institute of Applied Physics :HJHOHU6WUD—H 53115 Bonn Germany quantum-technologies.iap.uni-bonn.de

With 31000 students, the Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms-Univer- sität Bonn is one of the largest research based universities in Germany. As a part of the Physics Department, the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) is active in the field of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. Two research groups, Prof. Meschede’s and Prof. Weitz’s, are working on experiments focusing on quantum optics o few and many body systems. The IAP is host to students from around the world, supported by the Bonn-Cologne Graduate School of Physics and Astronomy.

22 Jose Gallego Early Stage Researcher from Spain ... is setting up a Fabry-Perot resonator made of two optical fibres, which will play the key role in Why have you applied for the position in your group? building an efficient quantum Germany is one of the best choices if during your career you want go deeply into topics memory. After finishing his regarding Quantum Mechanics, and I always found a special interest in experimental Quan- PhD, he would like to do tum Optics. After exploring different choices, I couldn’t refuse the nice opportunity of joining a postdoc outside of the group of Prof. Meschede in Bonn. Europe.

How does CCQED help you to advance your career? In my opinion CCQED is all about making networking possible and more accessible to students, and this is definitely what I would highlight from my experience so far. By organizing events and meetings, the network keeps you in touch with the rest of the commu- nity, not only regarding your specific field but also getting to know new concepts and of course new people. It also gives you a wider point of view in terms of different career paths by including the industrial partners.

The group lead by Prof. Dieter Meschede has a decade of expertise in single atom trapping and manipulation, pioneering the control of individual neutral atoms in optical dipole traps. The optical ultra-high finesse cavity experiment has reached the strong coupling regime between atoms and light and offers controllable, cavity-mediated atom-atom interactions for mesoscopic samples of ultracold atoms. The group is involved in numerous national and supranational research networks. The picture shows four small aspheric lenses, which are used to observe and control single Rubidium atoms coupled to a miniature fiber-optical resonator. The glue holding the lenses shows white fluorescence while it is cured by ultraviolet light. 23 Wigner Research Center of Physics

Peter Domokos Konkoly-Thege MiklosÂÂ ut 29-33 1121 Budapest Hungary optics.szfki.kfki.hu

The Wigner Research Centre for Physics belongs to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Its Department of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information consists of 6 permanent researchers, about 5 postdoctoral fellows and 5-10 students. One main focus of the department’s activities lies on cavity QED, including quantum measurement theory, few- atom quantum dynamics and critical phenomena in many-body systems. This is complemented by research on hybrid optomechanical or magnetomechanical systems, and also on the theory of quantum walks. A broad spectrum of analytical and numerical methods is used. Most of the projects are pursued in international 24 collaborations with experimental groups. ... is studying optical bistability at the few atom level. He solves Andras Dombi problems numerically using the C++QED framework, and analytically Early Stage Researcher using semi-classical approximations. from Romania After CCQED, he wants to continue doing research in his field and tackle new problems on his own.

Why have you applied for the position in your group? There are two main reasons: first, I wanted to get a PhD in physics and I was looking for an interesting subject and a strong group at a research institute in Europe. So when I found the advertisement for this fellowship, I applied immediately. Second, Quantum Optics was relatively new to me, but this field of physics seemed to be very important and incredibly interesting. This position was a great opportunity to learn and understand more about it!

How does CCQED help you to advance your career? CCQED has given me the opportunity to study one of the most interesting fields of physics, namely Quantum Optics, in a group in which I can do theoretical work at the highest possible level. I am confident, that the experience and knowledge I gained in the past two years, and will continue to receive in my last year, will help me to obtain my PhD, and furthermore, will give me the chance to continue working as a researcher.

The CCQED research project concerns optical bistability in strongly coupled circuit QED and optical cavity QED systems. Optical bistability is an experimentally accessible and controllable example for a non-equilibrium phase transition in a damped–driven open system. The advent of the strong coupling regime of light-matter interaction opened a route to study the interplay of quantum fluctuations and nonlinear atom–light coupling at low intracavity photon number. It is thus a suitable platform to explore quantum corrections in a finite-size system to the semiclassical mean-field results, which is a particularly exciting opportunity in the vicinity of a critical point. 25 Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (ENS-CNRS)

Michel Brune & Jean-Michel Raimond Laboratoire Kastler Brossel Departement de Physique Ecole Normale Superieure 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France www.cqed.org

The Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB) is a research institution specialized on fundamental physics of quantum systems. It was founded in 1951 by Alfred Kastler and Jean Brossel to investigate the interaction between light and matter. The laboratory works as a joint research unit operated by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the École Normale Supérieure (ENS) and the University of Pierre-and- Marie-Curie. Presently, twelve research teams work on: ultracold atoms, atom lasers, quantum fluids, quantum optics, cavity QED, quantum chaos, high- precision measurements, quantum information and quantum theory of measurement. These themes lead not only to a better understanding of fundamental phenomena, but also to important applications, like more precise atomic clocks, improvement of interferometric gravitational wave detectors or new methods for biomedical imaging. The group led by Jean-Michel Raimond and Nobel Laureate Serge Haroche working on cavity QED is part of 26 Image: ENS, cellule communication the CCQED network. ... is working Why have you applied for the position in your group? Carla Hermann on interfacing Rydberg I have applied for a PhD position in the Cavity QED group atoms with a superconducting in Paris because I had studied their papers during my Early Stage Researcher strip-line resonator. After first years of college in Chile and I was amazed by finishing her PhD she will apply their work. I wanted to be there, working with them, from Chile for a postdoc position at the learning from them. I did not even considerer another Joint Quantum Institute in group at that moment. Washington DC, USA.

How does CCQED help you to advance your career? I will always be extremely grateful for being a CCQED fellow during my PhD. I have met many people in my research field, I have exchanged several ideas and experiences with the fellows and I attended many high-level conferences. Now I’m part of a large network. In addition, I was able to strengthen my social skills by attending soft skills courses. Summarizing, CCQED has given me the opportunity to grow as a researcher and has given me fundamental tools for achieving my academic life goals.

We develop an experiment with individual Rydberg atoms coupled to an on-chip stripline resonator. The first step is to deterministically prepare a single Rydberg atom by laser excitation of a dense cloud of ground state atoms trapped on a superconducting atom-chip. The network-operated schools and meetings have been essential for the training of our students. We finally had very fruitful contacts with industry partners, whose products are heavily used in our experiments. The picture shows a view of the open cryogenic setup, with the atom chip in the back (golden mirror) and in front the electrodes for the ionization and detection of Rydberg atoms Image: Carla Hermann 27 Artem Golovizin Early Stage Researcher from Russia Menlo Systems GmbH

Ronald Holzwarth Am Klopferspitz 19a 82152 Martinsried Germany www.menlosystems.com Guided by the vision to establish optical frequency comb technology as the most precise measurement tool, the company was founded in 2001 as a spin- off from the renowned Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics (MPQ). In 2002, the first optical frequency comb product enabled users to measure optical frequencies with the highest accuracy with a tabletop instrument. Second in the product line were femtosecond fiber lasers. The state-of-the art instruments focus on ease-of-use without sacrificing performance. Various models for applications like medical diagnostics, terahertz spectroscopy, seeding of amplifiers, and test and measurement applications are available. The ongoing dialog with customers encourages Menlo Systems to venture into new areas. New products keep emerging now including THz systems as well as cw fiber lasers. In 2013, with more than 70 employees, Menlo Systems continues to explore the ultrafast world together with 28 their customers. ... is working on improving the stability of optical frequency combs Why have you applied for the position in your group? in the millisecond range using It’s a great opportunity for me to work for a company in Germany which is so close to the an ultra-narrow CW laser locked scientific community within such a great environment. Moreover, I will be able to improve my to a stable reference cavity. language skills and of course expand my knowledge in frequency comb physics. After CCQED he will continue to work on his PhD in Moscow.

The development of frequency combs has been motivated by the ever increasing accuracy of high resolution spectroscopy on atoms and ions. For many applications they serve as versatile optical frequency synthesizer and are referenced in the RF-regime to e.g. a GPS clock. Unfortunately, for high precision applications the stability of such readily available clocks is not sufficient. Therefore, the task is to narrow the line width of the frequency comb to the sub kHz level. This is achieved by using an optical reference cavity with very high finesse as shown in the picture. With the help of a cw laser, the stability of the cavity is then transferred to the frequency comb. Currently work is in progress to reduce the overall comb line width safely to the level of 1 Hz and improve the overall stability and user friendliness. Philipp Heck Early Stage Researcher from Turkey Why have you applied for the position in your group? After my Masters in Photonics at the Koç ... is developing University in Istanbul I was aiming for a micro-resonators for job in the photonics industry back in low phase noise Kerr comb Germany. I would like to experience and generation. In particular he become experienced in the process of will tackle the challenges of product development. The organisational resonator stability and fibre challenges give a new dimension to the to resonator energy research work. Menlo Systems struck me as a transfer. young, dynamic and promising company. 29 National Instruments Germany GmbH

Jochen Klier *DQJKRIHUVWUD—H .. 80339 Munchen Germany germany.ni.com

National Instruments (NI) transforms the way engineers and scientists around the world design, prototype, and deploy systems for test, control, and embedded design applications. Using NI open graphical programming software and modular hardware, customers at more than 30,000 companies annually simplify development, increase productivity, and dramatically reduce time to market. From testing next-generation gaming systems to creating breakthrough medical devices, NI customers continuously develop innovative technologies that impact millions of people.

30 Why have you applied for the position in your group? I’ve applied for a position at National Instruments Maria Bernard Schwarz as I wanted to work for an international, innovative and rising company. Even more Early Stage Researcher importantly, throughout my previous education I enjoyed working with from Austria National Instruments products as they ... is developing simplify setting up the electronics for simulation and control physical experiments and therefore tools to support experiments shorten the overall developing time. at UBO and MPQ After her PhD she would like to stay in industry either as a research manager or in a research & development How does CCQED help you to advance your career? position. CCQED offers me the possibility to work multidisciplinary between physics and engineering. I get to know both working environments in academia and industry. My current position implicates 3 years of working experience immediately after the PhD. Besides the technical knowledge I get from National Instruments, the CCQED activities as collaborations, conferences and workshops also strengthen my personal soft-skill potential. We have specific trainings (e.g. presentation training, project management training and scientific writing training). Moreover, I also get experience in practical work when organizing events such as the National Instruments Summer School or the YES (Young European Scientists) meetings.

Our goal is to develop tools for quantum optics experiments especially in the field in which the CCQED network partners are involved. A basic set of quantum optics simulation tools is now provided within the software platform LabVIEW which is also the platform of the experimental control system. The next step is the development of real-time tools for the control of external degrees of freedom, i.e. the motion of the atom and the internal degrees of freedom, i.e. the quantum state of the system. 31 CEA-Saclay

Patrice Bertet & Daniel Esteve CEA Saclay Route Nationale, 91400 Gif-sur-Yvette France iramis.cea.fr/drecam/spec/Pres/Quantro/static

CEA Saclay is located 25 km south of Paris in the Saclay area which gathers a large concentration of laboratories and offers a strong scientific environment. CEA hosts 5000 researchers and performs both applied and fundamental research in all fields of science. The solid-state laboratory, SPEC (about 100 researchers), has a very broad spectrum, from mesoscopic physics, magnetism, superconductivity, to hydrodynamics and granular media. It has a long history in low-temperature physics and in NMR including the invention of Dynamical Nuclear Polarisation. SPEC hosts a state-of-the-art nanofabrication facility including electron-beam lithography. The Quantronics Group is one of the leading groups in mesoscopic physics and superconducting electronics. It has made important contributions to this field, including the first demonstration of single-electron pumps and the first realization of an operational superconducting quantum bit circuit. The group includes 7 permanent researchers, two technicians, and 32 around 10 students and postdocs. ... is aiming to observe quantum Zeno dynamics with a superconducting qubit in a 3D cavity. This effect could be used to engineer interesting states of light Kristinn Julisson such as Schroedinger-cat states. After CCQED, he plans to do a post- Early Stage Researcher doc in quantum information from Iceland technologies.

Why have you applied for the position in your group? After finishing my Master degree I sought advice from my supervisor Andreas Wallraff on where I could do a PhD. He recommended the Quantronics Group as a good option. His advice along with their excellent work and reputation led to me visiting the group. Afterwards I was convinced that I wanted to do my PhD work here.

How does CCQED help you to advance your career? The network has given me the opportunity to meet with other PhD students in similar situations. We can discuss among ourselves both science and other practical matters. I also see the network as an important platform for getting an overview of what my field and related fields have to offer and for networking with future positions and collaborations as a goal.

The strong coupling of a superconducting qubit to a 3-dimensional resonator opens new perspectives for quantum information and quantum physics with superconducting circuits. Indeed, this novel version of circuit QED nicknamed “cQ3D” makes it possible to reach two orders of magnitude longer coherence times for the superconducting qubits, up to 100 microseconds in recent experiments. The “cQ3D” architecture is in particular ideally suited to investigate mechanisms that ultimately limit the coherence time of superconducting qubits, a key issue for quantum information applications. Currently, the group is setting up an experiment where a transmon is coupled to two modes in a 3D cavity, one that will be used for measuring the qubit, and another that will be used to investigate the so-called quantum Zeno dynamics. 33 ETH Zurich

Andreas Wallraff Department of Physics Otto-Stern-Weg 1 .. 8093 Zurich Switzerland www.qudev.ethz.ch

At the Quantum Device Lab of the Physics Department at ETH Zurich, the group of Prof. Andreas Wallraff studies the quantum properties of novel micro- and nano- structured electronic devices and their interaction with classical and quantum electromagnetic fields. The research focus lies at the intersections of mesoscopic condensed matter physics, atomic physics, quantum optics and quantum information science, where physical systems with intriguing properties and exciting applications can be realized. In particular, the fundamental physics of matter light interaction in the context of cavity QED is studied. Hybrid quantum systems are explored, in which quantum properties of semiconductor quantum dots and Rydberg atoms are controlled and detected using solid-state cavity QED techniques. The group is also interested in realizing applications of quantum electronic circuits as sensitive, possibly quantum limited, nano-electronic measurement devices and detectors.

34 Mathias Stammeier Early Stage Researcher from Germany

Rydberg atoms and superconducting quantum circuits are Why have you applied for the position in your group? combined to form a hybrid system, with the goal to store The main reason for my application was the possibility to work quantum information that is processed in superconducting with atoms and cryogenics in the context of the rapidly growing qubits in long-lived Rydberg states. Using a 3D research field of circuit QED. Besides, I was also attracted to superconducting cavity, microwave photons can mediate this position by the friendly atmosphere in the group and the interactions between atoms and superconducting qubits, excellent infrastructure at ETH Zurich. allowing e.g. a coherent quantum state transfer. Since superconducting qubits requires temperatures below 0.1 K, it is necessary to combine methods used in atomic physics How does CCQED help you to advance your career? with cryogenic techniques. The successful realization At the beginning of my PhD I was specialized in low temperature of the project will be a significant step physics, but discussions with other fellows allowed me towards the integration of atoms in to quickly close knowledge gaps and keep up with the superconducting circuits, and will field of cavity QED. Furthermore, I profit a lot from the ... is using a 3D broaden the spectrum of research supplementary training such as scientific writing and superconducting cavity in cavity and circuit QED. CCQED project management offered by the network. Last but to mediate interactions strongly supports the project not least, I had the chance to organize the “Young between superconducting through frequent interactions European Scientists” (YES) Meeting 2013 in Zurich in qubits and Rydberg atoms. with researchers working in the collaboration with the other CCQED fellows. After his PhD, he will either same field. apply for a Postdoc or a job in industry. 35 :DOWKHU0HL—QHU,QVWLWXWH Achim Marx, Frank Deppe & Rudolf Gross Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften :DOWKHU0HL—QHU6WUD—e 8 85748 Garching Germany www.wmi.badw-muenchen.de

The Walther Meissner Institute for Low Temperature Research (WMI) is operated by the Commission for Low Temperature Research of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (BAdW). In general, WMI carries out research projects at low and ultralow temperatures and supplies liquid helium to both Munich universities. More specifically, the scientific program covers fundamental and applied research on low temperature solid-state physics with the main focus on superconductivity and superfluidity, magnetism and spin electronics, mesoscopic systems and nanotechnology, superconducting quantum circuits, and methods for generating low temperatures. With respect to materials, the activities of WMI concentrate on superconducting and magnetic properties of bulk materials and thin films.

36 ... is detecting quantum correlations in the microwave domain and is trying to extend the cross-correlation method to using it for the detection Ling Zhong of entanglement between propagating Early Stage Researcher quantum microwaves. After CCQED she would like to continue working in from China the lab towards a great scientific goal with great colleagues.

Why have you applied for the position in your group? This fundamental research is very attractive for me because it gives me deeper understanding of quantum physics. Also it is a promising area which can lead to various applications. Moreover, it gives me the chance to develop lots of practical skills, such as programming skills, and microwave and cryogenic techniques related skills.

How does CCQED help you to advance your career? CCQED brings researchers working on QED with different experimental techniques and theoretical considerations together. It provides a platform to brainstorm with others and communicate ideas. Most important, strong theoretical support from UPV/EHU is playing a significant role in promoting this project. Besides the development of academic skills, there is also a great opportunity to know a foreign country, including different culture and languages.

With respect to CCQED, the activities on superconducting quantum circuits are of particular importance. We engineer such circuits in a way that they behave as mesoscopic artificial atoms or quantum harmonic oscillators. The wide field of possible applications includes astonishing demonstrations of fundamental textbook quantum mechanics as well as quantum information science in the microwave regime. In this context, we explore microwave path entanglement, which is a fundamental resource for quantum teleportation and communication protocols. 37 ... is giving theoretical support to experiments at Walther-Meissner-Institute by adapting quantum optics protocols in the quantum microwave regime, paying a special attention to quantum communication. He plans to keep working in fundamental research. University of the Basque Country

Enrique Solano QUTIS Group 48080 Bilbao Spain sites.google.com/site/enriquesolanogroup/

The QUTIS group, Quantum Technologies for Information Science, based at University of the Basque Country in Bilbao, Roberto Di Candia develops interdisciplinary research in quantum optics, quantum information, superconducting qubits, circuit quantum Early Stage Researcher from Italy electrodynamics, condensed matter, and quantum biomimetics. QUTIS is interested in theoretical quantum science and quantum information with a deep comprehension of the involved quantum Why have you applied for the position in your group? I was interested on the topic of the project. Moreover, technologies. In this sense, they are constantly collaborating with the group of Prof. Enrique Solano works on several experimental groups to confirm predictions and models, with an ideas over different topics, so my curiosity led me to eye open for possible technological applications. apply for the position. Two talented young researchers were hired within CCQED, both working on projects, which were developed in collaboration with top- How does CCQED help you to advance your career? It is an opportunity to do research within an level experimental groups international collaboration. Indeed, I enjoy this, and renowned theorists especially by exchanging knowledge with experimental inside and outside the groups. CCQED covers widely all my expense related to CCQED. the research. Moreover, I have the possibility to train in soft skills, as communication and project managing, which nowadays are essential in the education of a 38 good scientist. Simone Felicetti Early Stage Researcher from Italy

One project consists in the theoretical development Why have you applied for the position in your group? of the novel area of propagating quantum One reason was the vocational creativity, which leads our group to microwaves. The goal is to reproduce fundamental work on a variety of different fields, and another the commitment results of quantum mechanics, such as quantum to work on the frontier between theoretical and experimental state generation and entanglement generation, physics, which allows me to profit from the experimental expertise in the microwave regime in order to consider the I gathered during my master thesis. experimental feasibility of standard quantum information protocols. With continuous variables these results have only been achieved in the optical How does CCQED help you to advance your career? regime, where technology is at variance with respect The CCQED network covers every side of my professional and the microwave domain. educational experience as a PhD student. First of all, it provided me with financial and administrative support, allowing me to live The other project focuses on the theoretical study of in a foreign country, working in a world-leading research group and dynamics of multipartite quantum systems coupled learning a new language. Then, it gave me the chance to be part through inhomogeneous interactions, especially of an exciting international scientific environment and to attend in relation to the possibilities of generating and conferences and scientific schools. Finally, it offered me a variety analysing multipartite entangled states. The aim is of soft skills trainings, which helped to develop both analytical and numerical techniques me developing my abilities in widening our comprehension of the evolution of communicating, managing quantum systems in peculiar regimes. Of particular ... is working on projects and using interest are inhomogeneously coupled systems the theory of circuit QED and specialized software. and ultrastrong light-matter interaction, where superconducting qubits. In particular, he the high degree of correlation between all is studying novel models and physical effects subparts represented so far the cardinal that have recently become accessible thanks to hindrance to understand its dynamics. new technologies, and that could not be implemented 39 with standard quantum optics tools. After CCQED, he plans to keep working in fundamental research. Toptica Photonics AG (Associated Partner) .. Jurgen Stuhler & Wilhelm Kaenders Lochhamer Schlag 19 .. 82166 Grafelfing www.toptica.com

TOPTICA Photonics AG is a privately held laser manufacturing company that develops, produces and provides research grade lasers for scientific applications as well as industry grade lasers for OEM integration. It traces its roots back to the Quantum Optics community from which its foundational product and business ideas emerged in 1998. Still today, grown to a company of 170 people, the company enjoys the interaction with this highly energetic and constantly growing research field. TOPTICA contributes to the success of CCQED as an active member of the Supervisory Board. It has provided lectures on tunable diode laser design and applications and gave live demonstrations of laser systems and spectroscopy setups at network conferences. Apart from getting inspiration for next generation products, TOPTICA hopes to spark interest among the students and post-docs in order to fill current and 40 emerging positions. European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (Lens) (Associated Partner)

European reference point for research with light waves, based on a Karim Murr fundamental multi-disciplinary approach: This is LENS, the European Via Nello Carrara 1 Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, since its birth in 1991 as centre 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze) of excellence of the University of Florence. A place where physicists, chemists and biologists work together every day, sharing instrumentation, www.lens.unifi.it experiences, research themes, scientific perspectives and ideas with the common aim of using laser light to investigate matter from different points of view and under different conditions. LENS is member of the Supervisory Board of CCQED and takes an active part in the Scientific and Training Committee. With its expertise, LENS contributes to the training of young researchers by providing lectures and talks at schools and conferences. In reward, CCQED is a concrete contact for LENS to the wide community dedicated to the manipulation of single quantum emitters coupled to resonators, a research field awarded with the Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.

41 Network Public Activities Events

Conferences Schools

Supplementary 42 Training Apart from host-based training associated with working on cutting edge projects, network-wide training through schools, workshops and meetings broaden the fellows’ perspective. They provide the possibility for fruitful exchange of ideas between the two communities, and the acquisition of expertise in both, experimental methods In and theoretical concepts. Fellows get the first three access to a wide technological diversity of years of the project, experimental methods, a key element that CCQED organized a major will increase their future career prospects. international conference and two schools, which were attended also by a large Interaction and communication between the number of external fellows is further strengthened by a Fellows’ scientists. Day, prior to every major network event, which is exclusively reserved for CCQED fellows. These satellite events create a very positive atmosphere and an outstanding team spirit among the fellows. Moreover, it allows them to attend supplementary training activities and to prepare upcoming events as the Young European Scientists (YES) meeting, which is entirely organized by the fellows.

Great emphasis is put on informing the young researchers about their particular rights as a Marie Curie fellow. Such information is included in the so-called ‘CCQED Logbook’ that every fellow receives at the beginning of his fellowship. Fellows also find therein information about the network structure and all partners. Public Designed as a ring binder, it serves as a living events were documentation of the fellows’ individual organized to make the training and career plans. fascinating research field of CCQED and the benefits of European research funding more visible. 43 Winter School: Introduction to circuit and cavity QED from 27 February to 02 March 2012 at Ecole de Physique in Les Houches, France

As first school organized within CCQED, the main objective in Les Houches was to introduce the fellows to the basic principles of circuit and cavity QED as well as to related topics With such as photonic crystal cavities. Experts from inside and many interesting outside the network held multi-session courses, and industry contributions the jury partners gave hands-on lectures about their products playing had a hard time to select a role in the CCQED fields of research. The scientific community the three poster very well recognized the school; with 70 participants it reached prizes. the full capacity of the local facilities.

After lunch participants had the chance to discuss or to enjoy the surroundings with a great view to Europe’s top peak Mont Blanc. Many participants presented posters at two after dinner sessions. Discussions at the posters continued long after the last cold bottle was emptied, although the next morning lecture started early!

44 Summer School: FPGA and High Performance Computing Technologies from 10 to 14 September 2012 at the National Instruments Training Centre in Munich, Germany

The second school was organized by National Instruments, one of the CCQED industry partners. Professionals gave hands- on courses on LabVIEW programing, real-time experimental control and high performance computing with separated tracks for beginners and experienced users. Such programming skills are essential to control state of the art experiments in circuit or cavity QED. Experts from science and industry were invited to report on different applications. The school, which was attended by 26 participants, was also open to scientists from outside the network. During the week, an excursion to other CCQED partners was organized. Toptica Photonics opened their R&D division and their laser production, so that participants got an impression what it is like working in a medium sized company developing cutting edge lasers. Laboratory tours at WMI and MPQ introduced visitors to the world of superconducting qubits and to quantum optics, respectively. Scientists presented current experiments and discussed recent results. 45 Supplementary Training

In order to advance their career prospects, fellows are strongly encouraged to complement their professional skills with supplementary training such as language classes, project management, or entrepreneurship. In addition to host-based training, our fellows attended a variety of different network- wide workshops and seminars.

Scientific Writing, Presentation Skills, 9 September 2012 in Munich: 12 Sep 2012 in Munich:

Publishing in peer-reviewed scientific journals is an essential Presenting research on conferences in talks or on posters in a part of a scientist’s work, but it can be very demanding. way that transports the main idea of a project is challenging. A professional trainer introduced the fellows to the main An expert from National Instruments introduced the fellows principles and techniques of scientific writing. In order to to effective presentation techniques such as reducing ideas apply these methods, each fellow prepared a report about to key phrases and crafting clear designs for data and figures. his particular research project. To simulate a peer-review process, each fellow acted at the same time as a reviewer for a manuscript from a colleague. Such a procedure simultaneously strengthens the fellows writing skills, their ability to give/receive feedback, and to actively take part in a scientific discussion. After passing the peer-review round, the reports were published in a “Fellows Mid-term Report”.

46 At the Mid-Term Review, from 5-6 Nov 2012 in Budapest, the fellows had the chance to already apply the lessons learned from the presentations workshop as they had to give a fellows report in front of the project officer and an external reviewer.

YES Meetings, Project Management, 2-6 June 2013 in Zurich & 5 June 2013 in Zurich: 23-29 March 2014 in Landeck:

Young European Scientists (YES) Meetings give the fellows At the first YES Meeting, the fellows attended a project the opportunity to organize an international workshop on management class and learned how to structure, plan their own: They decide on topics and the programme, invite and guide innovative research projects. Skills in project speakers, arrange workshops on supplementary skills and management are essential in both academia and industry and take care of the finances - all by themselves. help to work more efficiently and successfully.

Careers in Research & Development, At 4 June 2013 in Zurich: the next YES Meeting in March 2014, a workshop on cognitive A physicist from the CCQED community who switched from bias is planned: Effects of academia to industry reported on his experience. Another talk cognitive bias in scientific informed about EU research funding possibilities for young research and how to researchers. avoid them are discussed. 47 Conference on Resonator QED Conferences from 9-13 September 2013 in Munich

In order to communicate results obtained within CCQED to With more than 140 participants from all over the world, the the whole circuit and cavity QED community, the organization conference was a major and very successful CCQED event. of major conferences is an important measure. A conference The programme comprised 6 tutorials, 28 invited talks, 18 serves to establish contacts between researchers. Moreover, contributed talks and 57 posters. All CCQED partners from it allows researchers to draw attention to their work, and academia gave invited talks, and the CCQED industry partners increases their visibility, which is in particular important were represented with a booth showing their CCQED for the career advancement of young scientists. related products during the poster sessions. Often, results are discussed at conferences Local network partners, Max Planck Institute long before they are published in peer- of Quantum Optics and Walther Meißner reviewed journals, meaning that Institute, opened their institutes for attending conferences is the most a tour through their laboratories. efficient way to get an overview Moreover, the CCQED industry about current research. partners invited conference attendees to visit their facilities or offered to meet their experts.

The Journal Applied Physics B sponsored a poster prize for the Conference of Resonator QED. The picture shows the prize winners and the jury. 48 Another conference organized by CCQED takes place in Aarhus at the beginning of November 2014.

49 Public Events

The EU requires participants of the research framework Having the group of Serge Haroche, Nobel Laureate in Physics programme to engage with the public, in order to promote in 2012, as a network partner, is a great opportunity to stimulate the impact and visibility of their projects. Communication of public interest in basic research and EU-funded projects at the EU-projects aims at making the public aware of the benefits same time. CCQED took this chance and organized a public stemming from EU-research funding and to show the value evening lecture and a panel discussion with Serge Haroche, project results bring for European society and economy. which was open to the general public. The audience had the chance to directly address questions and enter into dialogue with Serge Haroche and other high-level representatives from science, politics and industry.

50 Public Lecture by Serge Haroche Panel Discussion 11 September 2013 at the 11 September 2013 at the Deutsches Museum Deutsches Museum in Munich in Munich

As a satellite event of the Conference Central question of the on Resonator QED, a lecture for discussion was, how the general audience, held by innovation is related Nobel Laureate Serge Haroche in to basic research, and the Deutsches Museum in Munich, if research needs to be was organized. With his presentation application oriented to about “Manipulating photons non benefit the society. This destructively and taming Schrödinger question arises in view of cats of light”, Serge Haroche explained the the new European Framework research field of cavity QED and particularly Programme Horizon 2020, which the experiments from his group in a non-technical will promote research and innovation in way. Highlight of the evening was the presentation of two an integrated manner. The discussion aimed superconducting mirrors, the key element in his experiments, at examining the link between research and innovation in which Serge Haroche donated to the physics section of the the eyes of representatives from basic research, politics, and Deutsches Museum. About 200 people were attending the industry. Participants were Wolfgang Burtscher (European event. Commission, DG Research and Innovation), Tommaso Calarco (University of Ulm), Carlos Härtel (General Electrics), Serge Haroche (Collège de France), and Jeanne Rubner (Bayerischer Rundfunk).

51 Four key aspects illustrate the potential societal and Impact economic impact of CCQED and how it strengthens both, the European economy and the European of CCQED research community.

First, excellent training of young physicists provided through Second, the involvement of the private companies directly the network makes them highly skilled future employees of links fundamental research and applied science and leads European companies, universities and research institutes, to a permanent exchange of ideas and knowledge between from which both, the European public and the private sectors those two sectors. As an example, CCQED’s industry- will strongly benefit. A fellowship at CCQED is not limited to academia collaborations support the further development of fundamental research. All CCQED fellows play an active part in the frequency comb, resulting in a marketable product with the collaboration between companies and research institutes the potential of broad impact. Through the dialogue with and are thereby engaged in applied science. Furthermore, researchers, companies become aware of the scientists’ CCQED is strongly committed to provide its fellows and also particular needs, and scientists profit from customized young scientists from outside the network with supplementary products. skills such as project management, presentation and software training which are crucial for their future careers in industry or academia.

52 Third, CCQED is convinced that the fascination and impact of Finally, as a network, CCQED creates social and professional its research as well as the general benefits stemming from bonds between people from different European countries and European research funding shall be visible to society. One thereby helps to deepen European integration. dissemination activity already implemented was the public evening lecture and the subsequent panel discussion on research and innovation.

To summarize, we are confident that the European community benefits from this and future training networks for young researchers. 53