Prizes 2012 Editor’S Note Inside Ian T
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Quantum Chance Nicolas Gisin
Quantum Chance Nicolas Gisin Quantum Chance Nonlocality, Teleportation and Other Quantum Marvels Nicolas Gisin Department of Physics University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland ISBN 978-3-319-05472-8 ISBN 978-3-319-05473-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-05473-5 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014944813 Translated by Stephen Lyle L’impensable Hasard. Non-localité, téléportation et autres merveilles quantiques Original French edition published by © ODILE JACOB, Paris, 2012 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. -
Making Quantum Technology Ready for Industry
Brussels 28/29 March 2019 Making Quantum Technology ready for Industry Putting Science Into Standards (PSIS) Workshop on Quantum Technology CEN-CENELEC Management Centre Rue de la Science 23, 1040-Brussels www.cencenelec.eu www.ec.europa.eu/jrc/en #Standards4Quantum Workshop structure On 28th and 29th of March 2019, the Joint Research Centre and CEN/CENELEC hold at the CEN/ CENELEC Management Centre (CCMC) in rue de la Science 23, Brussels, a workshop titled Making Quantum Technology Ready for Industry. The workshop focuses on current standards and potential standardisation fields in quantum technologies and is organised with the support of the German Institute for Standardization (DIN) and DG CNECT, the host of the EU Quantum Flagship. In Europe, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) has established an Industry Specification Group with a specific focus on quantum key distribution (QKD). At the international level, standardization is taking place within Joint Technical Committee 1 of ISO/IEC addressing among others cybersecurity and data protection. CEN and CENELEC have signed agreements with ISO and IEC through which common European and international standards can be developed in parallel, thereby avoiding duplication of work Since many quantum technology areas are advancing on the technology readiness level scale, it is important to prepare the field for standardization activities, helping to facilitate and accelerate market uptake of quantum technology. The workshop provides: 1. an overview of how standardization can be useful to the quantum innovation process; 2. what standardizers can do for the quantum science community. To contribute to the different pace in the main quantum areas, the workshop is divided in four technical sessions. -
Wolfgang Pauli Niels Bohr Paul Dirac Max Planck Richard Feynman
Wolfgang Pauli Niels Bohr Paul Dirac Max Planck Richard Feynman Louis de Broglie Norman Ramsey Willis Lamb Otto Stern Werner Heisenberg Walther Gerlach Ernest Rutherford Satyendranath Bose Max Born Erwin Schrödinger Eugene Wigner Arnold Sommerfeld Julian Schwinger David Bohm Enrico Fermi Albert Einstein Where discovery meets practice Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQ ST in Baden-Württemberg . Introduction “But I do not wish to be forced into abandoning strict These two quotes by Albert Einstein not only express his well more securely, develop new types of computer or construct highly causality without having defended it quite differently known aversion to quantum theory, they also come from two quite accurate measuring equipment. than I have so far. The idea that an electron exposed to a different periods of his life. The first is from a letter dated 19 April Thus quantum theory extends beyond the field of physics into other 1924 to Max Born regarding the latter’s statistical interpretation of areas, e.g. mathematics, engineering, chemistry, and even biology. beam freely chooses the moment and direction in which quantum mechanics. The second is from Einstein’s last lecture as Let us look at a few examples which illustrate this. The field of crypt it wants to move is unbearable to me. If that is the case, part of a series of classes by the American physicist John Archibald ography uses number theory, which constitutes a subdiscipline of then I would rather be a cobbler or a casino employee Wheeler in 1954 at Princeton. pure mathematics. Producing a quantum computer with new types than a physicist.” The realization that, in the quantum world, objects only exist when of gates on the basis of the superposition principle from quantum they are measured – and this is what is behind the moon/mouse mechanics requires the involvement of engineering. -
Ion Trap Nobel
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012 Serge Haroche, David J. Wineland The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012 was awarded jointly to Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland "for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems" David J. Wineland, U.S. citizen. Born 1944 in Milwaukee, WI, USA. Ph.D. 1970 Serge Haroche, French citizen. Born 1944 in Casablanca, Morocco. Ph.D. from Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. Group Leader and NIST Fellow at 1971 from Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. Professor at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Collège de France and Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France. Boulder, CO, USA www.college-de-france.fr/site/en-serge-haroche/biography.htm www.nist.gov/pml/div688/grp10/index.cfm A laser is used to suppress the ion’s thermal motion in the trap, and to electrode control and measure the trapped ion. lasers ions Electrodes keep the beryllium ions inside a trap. electrode electrode Figure 2. In David Wineland’s laboratory in Boulder, Colorado, electrically charged atoms or ions are kept inside a trap by surrounding electric fields. One of the secrets behind Wineland’s breakthrough is mastery of the art of using laser beams and creating laser pulses. A laser is used to put the ion in its lowest energy state and thus enabling the study of quantum phenomena with the trapped ion. Controlling single photons in a trap Serge Haroche and his research group employ a diferent method to reveal the mysteries of the quantum world. -
Nobel 2012: Trapped Ions and Photons
FEATURES Nobel 2012: Trapped ions and photons l Michel Brune1, Jean-Michel Raimond1, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji 1,2 - DOI: 10.1051/epn/2012601 l 1 Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UMPC Paris 6, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France l 2 Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France m This colorized The 2012 Nobel prize in physics has been awarded jointly to Serge Haroche image shows the fluorescence from three (Collège de France and Ecole Normale Supérieure) and David Wineland (National trapped beryllium ions illuminated with Institute for Standards and Technology, USA) “for ground-breaking experimental an ultraviolet laser methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems”. beam. Black and blue areas indicate lower intensity, and red and white higher intensity. hat are these methods, why are they For instance, Einstein and Bohr once imagined weighing NIST physicists used jointly recognized? a photon trapped forever in a box, covered by perfect three beryllium ions to demonstrate a crucial The key endeavour in the last century mirrors. These gedankenexperiments and their “ridicu- step in a procedure that of quantum physics has been the explo- lous consequences”, as Schrödinger once stated, played could enable future ration of the coupling between matter and electromag- a considerable role in the genesis of quantum physics quantum computers W to break today's netic radiation. For a long time, the available experimental interpretation. The technical progress made these most commonly used techniques were limited to a large number of atoms and experiments possible. One can now realize some of the encryption codes. -
Decoherence and the Transition from Quantum to Classical—Revisited
Decoherence and the Transition from Quantum to Classical—Revisited Wojciech H. Zurek This paper has a somewhat unusual origin and, as a consequence, an unusual structure. It is built on the principle embraced by families who outgrow their dwellings and decide to add a few rooms to their existing structures instead of start- ing from scratch. These additions usually “show,” but the whole can still be quite pleasing to the eye, combining the old and the new in a functional way. What follows is such a “remodeling” of the paper I wrote a dozen years ago for Physics Today (1991). The old text (with some modifications) is interwoven with the new text, but the additions are set off in boxes throughout this article and serve as a commentary on new developments as they relate to the original. The references appear together at the end. In 1991, the study of decoherence was still a rather new subject, but already at that time, I had developed a feeling that most implications about the system’s “immersion” in the environment had been discovered in the preceding 10 years, so a review was in order. While writing it, I had, however, come to suspect that the small gaps in the landscape of the border territory between the quantum and the classical were actually not that small after all and that they presented excellent opportunities for further advances. Indeed, I am surprised and gratified by how much the field has evolved over the last decade. The role of decoherence was recognized by a wide spectrum of practic- 86 Los Alamos Science Number 27 2002 ing physicists as well as, beyond physics proper, by material scientists and philosophers. -
Mathematical Languages Shape Our Understanding of Time in Physics Physics Is Formulated in Terms of Timeless, Axiomatic Mathematics
comment Corrected: Publisher Correction Mathematical languages shape our understanding of time in physics Physics is formulated in terms of timeless, axiomatic mathematics. A formulation on the basis of intuitionist mathematics, built on time-evolving processes, would ofer a perspective that is closer to our experience of physical reality. Nicolas Gisin n 1922 Albert Einstein, the physicist, met in Paris Henri Bergson, the philosopher. IThe two giants debated publicly about time and Einstein concluded with his famous statement: “There is no such thing as the time of the philosopher”. Around the same time, and equally dramatically, mathematicians were debating how to describe the continuum (Fig. 1). The famous German mathematician David Hilbert was promoting formalized mathematics, in which every real number with its infinite series of digits is a completed individual object. On the other side the Dutch mathematician, Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer, was defending the view that each point on the line should be represented as a never-ending process that develops in time, a view known as intuitionistic mathematics (Box 1). Although Brouwer was backed-up by a few well-known figures, like Hermann Weyl 1 and Kurt Gödel2, Hilbert and his supporters clearly won that second debate. Hence, time was expulsed from mathematics and mathematical objects Fig. 1 | Debating mathematicians. David Hilbert (left), supporter of axiomatic mathematics. L. E. J. came to be seen as existing in some Brouwer (right), proposer of intuitionist mathematics. Credit: Left: INTERFOTO / Alamy Stock Photo; idealized Platonistic world. right: reprinted with permission from ref. 18, Springer These two debates had a huge impact on physics. -
Curriculum Vitae Anton Zeilinger
Curriculum Vitae Anton Zeilinger Born on May 20th, 1945 in Ried/Innkreis, Austria Present addresses: Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information Austrian Academy of Sciences Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria [email protected] EDUCATION 1979 Habilitation, Vienna University of Technology 1971 Ph.D., University of Vienna, thesis on "Neutron Depolarization in Dysprosium Single Crystals" under Prof. H. Rauch 1963-1971 Study of Physics and Mathematics, University of Vienna 1963 Matura (School Leaving Examination), Bundesgymnasium Wien 13, Fichtnergasse 15, Vienna PROFESSIONAL CAREER 2013-present President, Austrian Academy of Sciences 2013-present Professor Emeritus, University of Vienna 2004-present Senior Scientist, IQOQI Vienna, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences 2004-2013 Director, IQOQI Vienna, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences 1999-2013 Professor of Experimental Physics, University of Vienna 1990-1999 Professor of Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck 1988-1989 Professor of Physics (Lehrstuhlvertretung), Technical University Munich 1983-1990 Associate Professor, Vienna University of Technology 1981-1983 Associate Professor of Physics, M.I.T. (Visiting) 1979-1983 Assistant Professor, Atominstitut Vienna 1977-1978 Research Associate (Fulbright Fellow) at M.I.T. in the Neutron Diffraction Laboratory under Prof. C.G. Shull (Nobel Laureate 1994) 1972-1979 Research Assistant, Atominstitut Vienna with Professor Helmut -
El Premio Nobel De Fısica De 2012
El premio Nobel de f´ısica de 2012 Jose´ Mar´ıa Filardo Bassalo* Abstract Palabras clave: Premio nobel de f´ısica de 2012; Haroche y In this article we will talk about the 2012 Nobel Prize in Phy- Wineland, manipulacion´ cuantica.´ sics, awarded to the physicists, the frenchman Serge Haroche and the north-american David Geffrey Wineland for ground- Serge Haroche breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and ma- El premio nobel de f´ısica (PNF) de 2012 fue con- nipulation of individual quantum systems. cedido a los f´ısicos, el frances´ Serge Haroche (n. 1944) y el norteamericano David Geffrey Wine- Keywords: 2012 Physics Nobel Prize; Haroche and Wineland; Quantum Manipulation. land (n. 1944) por el desarrollo de tecnicas´ experimen- tales capaces de medir y manipular sistemas qu´ımi- Resumen cos individuales por medio de la optica´ cuanti-´ En este art´ıculo trataremos del premio nobel de f´ısica de 2012 ca. Con todo, emplearon tecnicas´ distintas y comple- concedido a los f´ısicos, el frances´ Serge Haroche y al norteame- mentarias: Haroche utilizo´ fotones de atomos´ carga- ricano David Geffrey Wineland por el desarrollo de tecnicas´ ex- dos (iones) entrampados; Wineland entrampo´ los io- perimentales capaces de medir y manipular sistemas cuanticos´ nes y empleo´ fotones para modificar su estado individuales. cuantico.´ *http://www.amazon.com.br Recibido: 16 de abril de 2013. Comencemos viendo algo de la vida y del trabajo de es- Aceptado: 09 de octubre de 2013. tos premiados, as´ı como la colaboracion´ en estos temas 5 6 ContactoS 92, 5–10 (2014) por algunas f´ısicos brasilenos,˜ por ejemplo Nicim Za- gury (n. -
Curriculum Vitae Serge Massar
Serge MASSAR Curriculum Vitae CURRICULUM VITAE SERGE MASSAR • PERSONAL INFORMATION Family name, First names: MASSAR, Serge Alexandre Researcher unique identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-2485 Nationality: Belgium and USA Date of birth: 11 February 1970 Marital status: Divorced, 3 children Languages: bilingual English-French, elements of Dutch URL for web site: http://liq.ulb.ac.be • EDUCATION 2003: Agrégation de l'enseignement supérieur, Université libre de Bruxelles: Title of thesis: Quantum information theory. 1995: Doctor in Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles with highest honours (« la plus grande distinction »). Promotor: Prof. R. Brout. Title of thesis: From vacuum fluctuations to radiation: pair creation in the presence of external electric fields, accelerated detectors, accelerated mirrors and black holes. 1991: Master in Physical Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles. With highest honours (« la plus grande distinction ») • CURRENT POSITION 2018-present: Professeur Ordinaire at Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium (permanent position) • PREVIOUS POSITIONS 2013-2018: Professeur at ULB, Belgium (permanent position) 2012-2013: Chargé de Cours at ULB, Belgium (permanent position) 2008-2012: Research Director of the F.R.S.-F.N.R.S at ULB, Belgium (permanent position) 2003-2008: Senior Research Associate of the F.R.S.-F.N.R.S at ULB, Belgium (permanent position) 1998-2003: Research Associate of the F.R.S.-F.N.R.S at ULB, Belgium (permanent position) 1997-1998: Postdoctoral Fellow, Utrecht University (Netherlands) 1995-1997: Postdoctoral Fellow, Tel Aviv University (Israel) 1991-1995: PhD Fellow, ULB (Belgium) • INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES 2004-present: Director of the “Laboratoire d’information quantique”, Physics Department, ULB 2016: Vice-President of the Physics Department, ULB, Belgium 2014-2015: President of the Physics Department, ULB, Belgium 2013: Vice-President of the Physics Department, ULB, Belgium 2011-2012: Member of the “Bureau Facultaire”, Science Faculty, ULB, Belgium • FELLOWSHIPS AND AWARDS 2012: STOC, Best paper award. -
Brief Newsletter from World Scientific February 2017
Brief Newsletter from World Scientific February 2017 Exclusive Interview with 2003 Nobel Laureate One of the Top Condensed Matter Theorists and World Scientific Author Anthony Leggett Sir Professor Anthony James Leggett is a distinguished physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003 for his pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids. He is currently a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Prof Leggett gave a presentation at the 2016 APS March Meeting in Baltimore, USA on “Reflections on the past, present and future of condensed matter physics”. In a phone interview, he shared with us some of his thoughts and further musings on the future of condensed matter physics. Paradigm Shift and Our Quest for the Unknown Chad Hollingsworth Your talk at the APS March Meeting 2016 mentioned developments That probably depends on your current tenure status! Certainly, if that you classified as “paradigm shifts”. Are there any recent you have a secure, tenured job (as I have been fortunate enough to discoveries that you would classify as paradigm shifts? have for the last few decades), then I think most certainly it’s better Well, if we go slightly outside the area of condensed matter physics to explore the unknown. But, of course, I appreciate that in the current as it has been conventionally defined, then, undoubtedly, any employment situation, people who have not got a tenured job need revolution which overthrew the view of quantum mechanics as a to think about their future. This may well be a rather strong pressure complete account of the world would, I think, certainly qualify as a to basically explore the known further. -
Arxiv:Quant-Ph/0101077 V1 17 Jan 2001 His Get When Rect W Y B Mals.” Cup of Ab of Miliar
100 Years of the Quantum Max Tegmark Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; [email protected] John Archibald Wheeler Princeton University, Department of Physics, Princeton, NJ 08544; [email protected] (An abbreviated version of this article, with much better graphics, was published in the Feb. 2001 issue of Scientific American, p.68-75.) Abstract: As quantum theory celebrates its 100th birthday, spectacular successes are mixed with outstanding puzzles and promises of new technologies. This article reviews both the successes of quantum theory and the ongoing debate about its consequences for issues ranging from quantum computation to consciousness, parallel universes and the nature of physical reality. We argue that modern experiments and the discovery of decoherence have have shifted prevailing quantum inter- pretations away from wave function collapse towards unitary physics, and discuss quantum processes in the framework of a tripartite subject-object-environment decomposition. We conclude with some speculations on the bigger picture and the search for a unified theory of quantum gravity. \...in a few years, all the great physical constants will ever, this involved an assumption so bizarre that even have been approximately estimated, and [...] the only oc- he distanced himself from it for many years afterwards: cupation which will then be left to the men of science will that energy was only emitted in certain finite chunks, or be to carry these measurement to another place of deci- \quanta". Yet this strange assumption proved extremely mals." As we enter the 21st century amid much brouhaha successful. Inspired by Planck's quantum hypothesis, Pe- about past achievements, this sentiment may sound fa- ter Debye showed that the strange thermal behavior of miliar.