Revolution in Physics PHYS 342 Modern Physics Revolution in Physics must unifies seemingly unrelated phenomena. Ultracold Atoms and Trappe Ions Mechanical Revolution: EM Revolution: Relativity Revolution: Unified falling apples on Unified electricity, Unified space, time and earth and the planets magnetism, and light gravity Today and Mar.23 Contents: motions in sky a) Revolution in physics –2nd Quantum revolution b) Quantum simulation, measurement, and information c) Atomic ensemble and quantum statistical (refer to Charpter10) d) Cooling and trapping of 6Li fermions e) Quantum simulation with ultracold atoms f) Quantum measurement with ultracold atoms Quantum Revolution: Unified particle and wave g) Quantum Information Basis h) Cooling and Trapping Charged Particles i) Preparation, Manipulation and Detection of 171Yb+ What is the second j) Trapped Ion Quantum Computers quantum revolution? k) Quantum Network
Think different from Particle-Wave Duality Simulation of Nature using Quantum Software and Hardware (original ideas from Richard Feynman)
“wave-like” : flying in the ” Nature isn’t classical, if you want to make a simulation of nature, space, messenger of the you’d better make it quantum mechanical.” world------Information Software from quantum principles (quantum information)
“How can we simulate the quantum mechanics?….Can you do it with a new kind of computer - a quantum computer? “ Hardware from quantum devices (quantum matter)
“particle-like” : localized in the space, elements for Second Quantum Revolution the world------Matter unifies Matter and Information at Quantum Level !
Particle-Wave duality Matter – Information duality Need Quantum Computer! Toys for Second Quantum Revolution My Favorite Toys : Trapped Atoms and Ions
“We can create states of quantum coherent or entangled matter and energy that likely existed nowhere else in the Universe. These new man-made quantum states have wide application to the development of computers, communications systems, sensors and compact metrological devices.“ ---- by J.P.Dowling and G.J.Milburn
6Li Atom: Fermi Condensation 40Ca+ Ion: Ground State
Interaction, Spin, Dimensionality, Filling, Impurity, Coherence … All Tunable !
Developed to: Atomic Matter Physics, Quantum Simulator, Quantum Sensors, Atomtronics …
Trapped Quantum Particles (Historical) Trapped Atoms and Ions
1989 Nobel Prize: 1997 Nobel Prize: Ion trap isolating Laser cooling and single quantum trapping atoms. particle. Steven Chu Hans Dehmelt Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Wolfgang Paul William Daniel Phillips
2001 Nobel Prize: 2012 Nobel Prize: Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases Manipulation of individual quantum systems Degenerate Fermi Gas Hybrid Atom-photon Ion Trap Quantum Computer Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman, Wolfgang Ketterle Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland and Condensation Interferometer And Network 7 US Physicists (4 from NIST/JILA), 2 France, 1 Germany Pauli Exclusion Principle
Today and Mar.23 Contents: Fundamental principle -- Pauli Exclusion Principle a) Revolution in physics –2nd Quantum revolution Any fundamental particles with Odd/2 spin can not have the b) Quantum simulation, measurement, and information same set of quantum numbers in a quantum system. c) Atomic ensemble and quantum statistical (refer to Charpter10) d) Cooling and trapping of 6Li fermions e) Quantum simulation with ultracold atoms f) Quantum measurement with ultracold atoms g) Quantum Information Basis h) Cooling and Trapping Charged Particles spin=0,1,2,3,4.. i) Preparation, Manipulation and Detection of 171Yb+ j) Trapped Ion Quantum Computers k) Quantum Network
spin=1/2,3/2,5/2...
How to Label an Atomic State Mixture of Spin Up/Down 6Li Atoms Now we have seven quantum numbers for a certain atomic state.
( n, l , ml, s , ms, j, mj,I , mI, F, m F) Hyperfine Structure in a Magnetic Field e‐orbital e‐spin e‐total nuclei‐spin total 2p B 0 6 # 5 (for all electrons):1 2 670 nm 4 E 3