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An Examination of Regional Views on South Asian Co-Operation with Special Reference to Development and Security Perspectives in India and Shri Lanka
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 Northi Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. -
RESCON 2020 Proceedings
POSTGRADUATE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF PERADENIYA SRI LANKA PGIS RESEARCH CONGRESS 2020 PROCEEDINGS 26th - 28th November 2020 Copyright © 2020 by Postgraduate Institute of Science All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, stored in a retrieval system, and transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN 978-955-8787-10-6 Published by Postgraduate Institute of Science (PGIS) University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 SRI LANKA Printed by Sanduni Offset Printers (Pvt) Ltd, 1/4, Sarasavi Uyana Goodshed Road, Sarasavi Uyana, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka Printed in the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Message from the Director, Postgraduate Institute of Science ....................................... v Message from the Congress Chairperson ..................................................................... vii Message from the Editor-in-Chief .................................................................................ix Message from the Chief Guest .......................................................................................xi Editorial Board ............................................................................................................ xiii Academic Coordinators of the Virtual Technical Sessions .........................................xiv A Brief Biography of the Keynote Speaker ................................................................. -
RESULTS of PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - May 27, 1970 No of No of Total No
RESULTS OF PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - May 27, 1970 No of No of Total No. of Votes No of No. and Name of Electoral District Name of the Elected Candidate Symbol allotted Votes Votes Polled including Registered Polled rejected rejected Electors 1 Colombo North V.A. Sugathadasa Elephant 20,930 97 44,511 Harris Wickremetunge Chair 13,783 W.I.A. Corsby Fernando Ship 164 A.S. Jayamaha Cockerel 97 2 Colombo Central R. Premadasa Elephant 69,310 5,491 240,597 99,265 Falil Caffoor Chair 63,624 Pieter Keuneman Star 58,557 M. Haleem Ishak Hand 41,716 C. Durairajah Umbrella 783 M. Haroun Careem Bell 413 Poopathy Saravanamuttu Ship 396 Panangadan Raman Krishnan Pair of Scales 307 3 Borella Kusala Abhayawardana (Mrs.) Key 16,421 50 32,810 42,849 M.H. Mohamed Elephant 15,829 M.A. Mansoor Pair of Scales 510 4 Colombo South J.R. Jayawardena Elephant 57,609 1,134 97,928 66,136 Bernard Soysa Key 36,783 Ratnasabapathy Wijaya Indra Eye 1,166 Ariyadasa Peiris Bell 561 A.S. Jayamaha Cockerel 241 Mudalige Justin Perera Flower 165 Joseph Beling Chair 164 Yathiendradasa Manampery Pair of Scales 105 5 Wattala A.D.J.L. Leo Hand 21,856 106 41,629 48,875 D. Shelton Jayasinghe Elephant 19,667 6 Negombo Denzil Fernando Elephant 20,457 132 36,509 44,284 Justin Fernando Hand 15,920 RESULTS OF PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - May 27, 1970 No of No of Total No. of Votes No of No. and Name of Electoral District Name of the Elected Candidate Symbol allotted Votes Votes Polled including Registered Polled rejected rejected Electors 7 Katana K.C. -
Seminar Für Ländliche Entwicklung) Publication Series by Centre for Advanced Training in Rural Development
HUMBOLDT-UNIVERSITÄT ZU BERLIN Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät Schriftenreihe des Seminars für Ländliche Entwicklung Conflict – Threat or Opportunity? Land Use and Coping Strategies of War-affected Communities in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka CATAD Team: IFSP Team: Benedikt Korf (Team Leader) Rohini M. Singarayer (Team Leader) Tobias Flämig Rathnayake M. Abeyrathne Christine Schenk Kanagaratnam Devarajah Monika Ziebell Dharsanie Dharmarajah Julia Ziegler Thangavel Sakthivel SLE (CATAD): Integrated Food Security Programme Podbielskiallee 66 Trincomalee (IFSP) 14195 Berlin, Germany 42, Huskison Street Tel. 0049-30-314 71 334 31000 Trincomalee, Sri Lanka Fax 0049-30-314 71 409 Tel. 0094 26 22023, 22687 http: www.agrar.hu-berlin.de/sle Fax 0094 26 22294 [email protected] Berlin/Trincomalee, December 2001 SLE CENTRE FOR ADVANCED TRAINING IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT Schriftenreihe des SLE (Seminar für Ländliche Entwicklung) Publication Series by Centre for Advanced Training in Rural Development Herausgeber/ SLE - Seminar für Ländliche Entwicklung Editors (Centre for Advanced Training in Rural Development) Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Podbielskialle 66, D-14195 Berlin, Germany E mail: [email protected] Internet: www.agrar.hu-berlin.de/sle www.berlinerseminar.de Redaktion/ Dr. Karin Fiege Managing Editor Seminar für Ländliche Entwicklung Druck/ Offset-Druckerei Gerhard Weinert GmbH Printers Saalburgstraße 3, D-12099 Berlin Verlag und Vertrieb/ Margraf Verlag Publishers and Postfach 105, D-97985 Weikersheim Distributors 1. Auflage 2001/ 1-750 1st edition 2001 Copyright 2001 by SLE – Seminar für Ländliche Entwicklung (Centre for Advanced Training in Rural Development) ISSN 1433-4585 ISBN 3-8236-1362-6 Cover photo Front cover:Monika Ziebell Back cover: Ruth Fode FOREWORD Foreword This report is the result of the IFSP-CATAD Project 2001, a six-month joint venture, carried out by an intercultural team from the Centre for Advanced Training in Rural Development (SLE), Humboldt University Berlin, and from the Integrated Food Security Programme Trincomalee (IFSP). -
Sirimavo Bandaranaike (Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike (Nacida Sirimavo Ratwatte))
Sirimavo Bandaranaike (Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike (nacida Sirimavo Ratwatte)) Sri Lanka, Primera ministra (3º ejercicio) Duración del mandato: 14 de Noviembre de 1994 - de de Nacimiento: Ratnapura, provincia de Sabaragamuwa, 17 de Abril de 1916 Defunción: Kadawatha, provincia Western, 10 de Octubre de 2000</p> Partido político: SLNP ResumenNacida en una acaudalada familia de aristócratas de religión católica, recibió una educación religiosa en el Girls High School de Ratnapura y el St. Bridget?s Convent de Colombo. En estos años de juventud se mostró activa en la Liga del Servicio Social de Balangoda y el movimiento nacionalista Lanka Mahila Samithi. http://www.cidob.org 1 of 4 Biografía El 10 de octubre de 1940 contrajo matrimonio con Solomon R. Dias Bandaranaike, entonces ministro de Salud en el Gobierno colonial, que el 28 de diciembre de 1951, casi cuatro años después de la independencia del Reino Unido, fundaría el Partido de la Libertad de Sri Lanka (SLNP, socialista). Ambos cónyuges se convirtieron al budismo. Solomon venció en las elecciones de abril de 1956 y se convirtió en primer ministro, pero pereció asesinado el 26 de septiembre de 1959, precisamente a manos de un monje budista. Convertida en la heredera política de su difunto esposo, en lo que se anticipó a la nicaragüense Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, a la bangladeshí Khaleda Zia y a la filipina Corazón Aquino, el 7 de mayo de 1960 fue elegida presidenta del SLNP, sustituyendo a C. P. de Silva, y en las elecciones del 20 de julio siguiente obtuvo para su partido 75 escaños, justo la mayoría absoluta, de manera que al día siguiente se convirtió en la primera jefa de Gobierno de la historia. -
Authoritarian Regime Types, Political and Socio-Economic Outcomes
Authoritarian Regime Types, Political and Socio-Economic Outcomes, and Democratic Survival Huang-Ting Yan A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Government University of Essex Year of Award: 2020 1 Summary This dissertation addresses the question of which factors shape outcomes in autocratic regimes, and, in turn, what influences the survival of democratic regimes in light of their authoritarian legacies. I argue that regimes which are able to curtail the dictator’s powers, compared to uncontested autocracies, are associated with better institutional and socio-economic outcomes during the authoritarian rule as well as a higher survival rate upon transition to democracy. The first two papers of this dissertation provide evidence that regimes where the leader’s power is constrained either by an organised opposition or by a strong regime party are more likely to have an independent judiciary and experience higher levels of health expenditure. A third paper provides evidence that the mechanisms which protect contested autocracies also lay the foundation for an institutional framework in which the subsequent democratic regimes are more likely to survive. This dissertation offers a mixed-methods approach to confirm the three arguments. In conclusion, only with checks and balances in place, those in power can stay humble, take care of people, and promote good governance, compared to the ruler with unlimited power. 2 1. INTRODUCTION This dissertation addresses the question of which factors shape outcomes in autocratic regimes, which, in turn, influence the survival of democratic regimes in light of their authoritarian legacies. To explain the difference in the lifespan of young democracies, scholars have compiled a list of causal factors and their mechanisms that affect these democracies. -
DISAPPEARANCES Disappeared
This study explores the impact of the ruling elite’s political project through the experiences of 87 relatives of the DISAPPEARANCES DISAPPEARANCES disappeared. It considers how their own A SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF A SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF political project to re-establish the IN SRI LANKA socio–legal identity of the disappeared was exploited by the political elite and their own communities rendering them socially ostracised. Within this context, DISAPPEARANCES transitional justice mechanisms including prosecutions and social movements were manipulated and IN SRI LANKA politicised along party lines as part of a ritual of conspiracy against the victims to deny state terror and protect those responsible for it. About the author: Jane Thomson-Senanayake, B.A Hons (NSW), Grad Dip (NSW), Grad Cert (New England), M.A (Deakin), PhD (Sydney), is a human rights and social policy researcher. Her academic J research has focused on political ane Thomson-Senanayake violence, enforced disappearances, transitional justice and social restoration in contexts including Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia and East Timor. She was awarded the Lionel Murphy Postgraduate Scholarship in 2004 and completed her PhD in 2013 at the University of Sydney. Her doctoral research, which explored enforced disapearances over three decades in Sri Lanka and involved extensive fieldwork across eight districts, provided the basis Rs 1000/= Jane Thomson-Senanayake for this publication. Asian Human Rights Commission, Unit 1 & 2 12/F, Hopeful Factory Centre 10-16 Wo Shing Street, Fotan, N.T. ,Hong Kong, China A SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF DISAPPEARANCES IN SRI LANKA ''Not even a person, not even a word...'' Jane Thomson-Senanayake ii A sociological exploration of disappearances in Sri Lanka ''Not even a person, not even a word...'' © Jane Thomson-Senanayake 2014 ISBN (Print) : 978-955-4597-04-4 Published by Asian Human Rights Commission Unit 1 & 2 12/F. -
The Executive Presidency: a Left Perspective
27 The Executive Presidency: A Left Perspective Jayampathy Wickramaratne The Sri Lankan Left spearheaded the campaign against the introduction of the executive presidency in 1978 though the opposition had been weakened by the massive victory of the United National Party (UNP) at the 1977 parliamentary elections. The UNP won an unprecedented five-sixths majority. The Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP), down from 75 seats to just 07, was weak and demoralised. It was the Left parties – now without representation in Parliament – that took the lead in opposing it from outside. Since then, Left parties have been at the forefront of the agitation for the abolition of the executive presidency. The purpose of this chapter is not merely to recount that opposition but to show that such opposition was based on established democratic principles. The chapter also discusses the campaign to abolish the executive presidency, and conversely, actions to strengthen it. If there is one statement that epitomises the Sri Lankan Left’s unswerving opposition to the executive presidency and its preference for the parliamentary form of government, it is the one made by Dr Colvin R. de Silva, then Minister of Constitutional Affairs, in the Constituent Assembly on 2nd July 1971: “There is undoubtedly one virtue in this system of Parliament […] and that is that the chief executive of the day in answerable directly to the representatives of the people continuously by reason of the fact that the Prime Minister can remain Prime Minister only so long as he can command the confidence of that assembly. […] We do not want either Presidents or Prime Ministers who can ride roughshod over the people and, therefore, first of all, over the people’s representatives. -
The Judiciary Under the 1978 Constitution
3 The Judiciary under the 1978 Constitution Nihal Jayawickrama The judiciary under the 1978 Constitution has to be assessed by reference to the constitutional framework within which it functioned, the period that preceded it, and the contemporary international standards. This chapter focuses on the superior courts of Sri Lanka; in particular, the Supreme Court. Judicial Independence At the core of the concept of judicial independence is the theory of the separation of powers: the judiciary, one of three basic and equal pillars in the modern democratic State, should function independently of the other two, the executive and the legislature. This is necessary because of the judiciary’s important role in relation to the other two branches. It ensures that the government and the administration are held to account for their actions. It ensures that laws are duly enacted by the legislature in conformity with the national constitution and, where appropriate, with regional and international treaties that form part of national law. To fulfil this role, and to ensure a completely free and unfettered exercise of its independent legal judgment, the judiciary must be free from inappropriate connections with, and influences by, the other two branches of government. Judicial independence thus serves as the guarantee of impartiality, and is a fundamental precondition for judicial integrity. It is, in essence, the right enjoyed by people when they invoke the jurisdiction of the courts seeking and expecting justice. It is a pre-requisite to the rule of law, and a fundamental guarantee of a fair trial. It is not a privilege accorded to the judiciary, or enjoyed by judges. -
13Th Amendment to the Constitution 53 Minority
SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS SRI LANKA’S SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS ETHNIC PROBLEM First Edition : January 2006 AND Cover Design : Sriyantha Walpola Pagelayout : Suganthi Manimaran SOLUTIONS; Printers : CPA (Inhouse printing) Publishers : Center for Policy Alternatives The Centre for Policy Alternatives(CPA)was set up with the objective of strengthening the civil society contribution to the public policy opinion and decision making process through programmes of research and advocacy. CPA focuses on By democracy,peace and governance. Lionel Guruge For further details write to Centre for Policy Alternatives 24/2, 28th Lane, off Flower Road Colombo -07, Sri Lanka. Telephone : 94-11 2565304/06 Fax : 94 11-4714460 E-mail : [email protected] Centre for Policy Alternatives 2 3 SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS A word No doubt the ethnic conflict is Sri CONTENTS Lanka’s tragedy. Perhaps it is the most disputed one. Many are the books 1. A word 3 written about it. Yet, the books 2. In search of New Direction to resolve couched in simple, direct and convincing language are a rarity today. the ethnic conflict 5 3. Background to the ethnic conflict 9 We believe this booklet written by 4. Sinhala for the entire country 26 our collegue, Lionel Guruge will help fill the gap. It points to the failure on 5. Tamil languages (Special provisions)Act 30 the part of the Sinhala majority to 6. Thimpu Talks – 1985 48 promote a viable solution to the legitimate grievances of the Tamil 7. -
Commission of Inquiry to Investigate the Involuntary Removal Or Disappearances of Persons in the Western, Southern and Sabaragamuwa Provinces As Well As Mr M.C.M
In exploring what constitutes a veritable minefield of contentious information in the current context in Sri Lanka, the author is indebted to Dr J. de Almeida Guneratne P.C., former Commissioner, 1994 Presidential Commission of Inquiry to Investigate the Involuntary Removal or Disappearances of Persons in the Western, Southern and Sabaragamuwa Provinces as well as Mr M.C.M. Iqbal, former Secretary to two Presidential Commissions of Inquiry into Involuntary Removal or Disappearances of Persons, with whom the perspectives of this research were shared. Research assistance was rendered by attorneys-at-law Prameetha Abeywickrema and Palitha de Silva, who also conducted interviews relevant to the analysis. Roger Normand, John Tyynela and Ian Seiderman of ICJ edited the report and provided invaluable substantive input and constant encouragement, which is deeply appreciated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
GAMINI DISSANAYAKE (PETITIONER in SC 4/91) V. MCM KALEEL and OTHERS
sc Gamini Dissanayake v. M. C. M. Kaleel and Others 135 GAMINI DISSANAYAKE (PETITIONER IN SC 4/91) v. M. C. M. KALEEL AND OTHERS (Note : Similar applications in Cases Bearing No. 5/91, No. 6/91, No. 7/91, No. 8/91 and 9/91, No. 10/91, No. 11/91 were heard together and disposed of in one judgment). SUPREME COURT. FERNANDO, J. KULATUNGA, J. AND WADUGODAPITIYA, J. S.C. (Special). No. 4 - 11/91. OCTOBER 31 AND NOVEMBER 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12 AND 13, 1991. Article 99 (13) (a) of the Constitution - Notice of resolution to impeach the President - Speaker's notification to President of entertaining resolution [Article 38 (2) (a) and (b)] - Vote of confidence in President by Cabinet Members - Inconsistency of expulsion with the provisions of the Constitution and Statute Law - Jurisdiction of Working Committee of U.N.P. - Position of an MP vis-a-vis his Party - Signing notice of resolution to remove the President and agitation for constitutional changes - Failure to initiate prior internal discussion - Causing insult and injury to the President - Deceiving the Cabinet - Breach of rules of natural justice - Audi alteram partem - Bias - Mala tides. Eight Members of the United National Party who were also members of Parliament singly filed eight petitions bearing numbers SC 4 - 11/91 challenging their expulsion from the Party. The respective petitioners in applications No. SC 5/91 and No. SC 8/91 were Ministers of Cabinet rank in the UNP government shortly before their expulsion. The petitioner in application No. SC 9/91 and the petitioner in application No.