DOCSLIB.ORG

13Th Amendment to the Constitution 53 Minority

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
13Th Amendment to the Constitution 53 Minority SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS SRI LANKA’S SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS ETHNIC PROBLEM First Edition : January 2006 AND Cover Design : Sriyantha Walpola Pagelayout : Suganthi Manimaran SOLUTIONS; Printers : CPA (Inhouse printing) Publishers : Center for Policy Alternatives The Centre for Policy Alternatives(CPA)was set up with the objective of strengthening the civil society contribution to the public policy opinion and decision making process through programmes of research and advocacy. CPA focuses on By democracy,peace and governance. Lionel Guruge For further details write to Centre for Policy Alternatives 24/2, 28th Lane, off Flower Road Colombo -07, Sri Lanka. Telephone : 94-11 2565304/06 Fax : 94 11-4714460 E-mail : [email protected] Centre for Policy Alternatives 2 3 SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS A word No doubt the ethnic conflict is Sri CONTENTS Lanka’s tragedy. Perhaps it is the most disputed one. Many are the books 1. A word 3 written about it. Yet, the books 2. In search of New Direction to resolve couched in simple, direct and convincing language are a rarity today. the ethnic conflict 5 3. Background to the ethnic conflict 9 We believe this booklet written by 4. Sinhala for the entire country 26 our collegue, Lionel Guruge will help fill the gap. It points to the failure on 5. Tamil languages (Special provisions)Act 30 the part of the Sinhala majority to 6. Thimpu Talks – 1985 48 promote a viable solution to the legitimate grievances of the Tamil 7. 13th Amendment to the Constitution 53 minority. In this analysis the author 8. Constitutional Reforms 1997 -2000 69 stresses the importance of a negotiated 9. Muslim Factor 80 settlement for the conflict via devolution of powers. 10. Ceasefire Agreement between Government of Sri Lanka & LTTE 85 Since a consensus among positive thinking people on a negotiated 11. Current situation of the conflict 95 settlement is a necessity, the author 12. Provision for devolution of powers 99 4 5 SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS sought the support and guidance of CPA as a multi-ethnic think tank committed to a negotiated political settlement. We have great pleasure in presenting this booklet to our readers. We hope it will cater to the needs of In Search of a those particularly interested in peace. New Direction to Resolve the Ethnic Conflict Sunanda Deshapriya Media Unit The ethnic conflict remains Centre for Policy Alternatives the core of the current political dialogue. The importance of finding a permanent solution forms the nucleus of the continuing social-political debate. The negligence on the part of the successive governments in ignoring the rights of the Tamil minority and the undemocratic methods resorted to, led the Tamils to lose confidence in the democratic process. 6 7 SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS When one thinks about the present uncertainty- no war, no colossal amount of money and peace! In this context it has the human and material become necessary to reexamine resources wasted on a the history of the ethnic crisis protracted armed conflict, the and its fall-out so that repetition conclusion that if the war breaks of bad precedents can be out again it would precipitate the avoided and opportunities for country into catastrophe is peace,grasped. inescapable! Perhaps that may be the very reason for a number The wiser counseling of major and minor political provided by the multi-ethnic parties to agree to a negotiated think-tank helped enrich the settlement. second edition of this booklet with fresh ideas and Here the question of suggestions. devolution of powers and to what extent the devolution I am greatly indebted to should be pursued, whilst Professor Jayantha preserving the identity of Seneviratne, Professor different ethnic communities Jayadeva Uyangoda, Shiral needs further probing by us. Lakthilake attorney-at-law, Uvindu Kurukulasuriya, The lack of consensus Sarojini Sivachandran, A.M. among the main stake-holders Ameen, Ravindra has largely contributed to the Chandralal, Sunila 8 9 SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS Abeysekera, S. Sivagurunathan, N.K. Rahulan, Sumika Perera for their valuble reviews and suggestions. Background to the Ethnic I am specially thankful to Sunanda Deshapriya and Dr. Problem P. Saravanamuttu without whose support and encouragement my effort Since Sri Lanka is a multi ethnic They made would not have been a representations and multi religious polity the before the success. discourse on the necessity to Donoughmore Commission for a protect linguistic and cultural Finally I believe this second political identities of the different ethnic confederation with edition will make a communities was started in the separate contribution,in a small measure government for at least, to the current socio- 1920’s. It was in this context that Tamils in the North political discourse which aims S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike presented and East, Low- the concept of federalism as early country Sinhalese at resolving the ethnic crisis. in Western and as 1926. Southern provinces Lionel Guruge and Author Next followed the up-country upcountry Sinhalese in 26.10.2004 chiefs who pressed for a federal Kandyan form of government due to fear provinces. 10 11 SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS they would be deprived of their federal form of government been privilaged social status in view of introduced in independent Sri the increasing economic and Lanka, perhaps the subsequent political gains enjoyed by their political turmoil and unrest would low-country counterparts. not have arisen. On the contrary legislative reforms since In 1927 they made Donoughmore times to date took representations before the different turns at different stages. Donoughmore Commission for a kind of political confederation The second decade of the 20th with separate government for century during which the electoral Tamils in the North and East, process came into practice was Low-country Sinhalese in significant in that representatives Western and Southern were elected to parliament not on provinces and Up-country communal basis, despite caste Sinhalese in Kandyan consciousness among the people. provinces. Sir Ponnampalam Ramanathan S.W.R.D Bandaranaike’s was elected to the state council in However, the revolutionary thinking on the the 1912 election by the majority Donoughmore particular constitutional model for Sinhala vote. The Ceylon National reforms as well as other constitutional this country was later subordinated Congress established in 1919 was changes were to narrow political gains. Had a predominantly Sinhalese but Sir seen farthest from S.W.RD. BANDARANAYEKE a federal model 12 13 SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS Consequently, a situation was Ponnampalam Arunachalam was created in which the rights of the elected its first president. minorities were endangered, because even an act of parliament Donoughmore Reforms detrimental to minority interests could be passed. The birth of the Ceylon Tamil Congress was seen The Donoughmore as an initiative to safeguard the Commission recommended the minority Tamil rights. establishment of consultative committees for certain The distrust and stand off at administrative functions. times between the Sinhalese and Escalating state expenditure and the Tamils, the two major The lack of administrative skills communities eventually led to the Donoughmore according to the governor led him reforms however, deteriorating relations between to veto the proposal. The opened the way them. Similarly the distrust for the Sinhalese Donoughmore reforms however, majority in the between Sinhala and Tamil leaders opened the way subsequently for country to elect a also had its repercussions. parliament of the Sinhalese majority to elect a majority Sinhalese parliament of majority Sinhalese and an entirely Sinhala board of and an entirely Sinhala Board of Soulbury Reforms ministers under Ministers in 1936 under the Again the problem that the the system of system of representative representative rights of the minorities were not democracy. democracy. LORD SOULBURY 14 15 SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS safe cropped up when the Soulbury to the minority interests being constitution with its majority passed by the national parliament. representative system was launched in 1947. For the Tamil Congress leader, Parliamentarians who represented G.G. Ponnampalam, it was an irony the majority communities realised of fate to join hands with the UNP that legislation inimical to the government voted to power in Tamil interests, but favorable to the 1947 and became a minister. Sinhalese could be passed by the During his stewardship, Sinhala majority vote. It was this Minister Ponnampalam opened fear which prompted veteran Tamil four factories located in the politician. G.G. Ponnampalam to northern and eastern provinces. put forward the fifty- fifty They are, Valachchenai paper representation demand in the late factory, Paranthan chemical 1930s. factory, Kankasanthurai cement factory and Pulmodai mineral It really meant fifty per cent for sands factory. These were however The demand for the Sinhalese and the balance fifty the last industrial ventures to be fifty/fifty representation per cent for the minorities. Of cited in the northern and eastern meant 50% for cause, it was not a demand to provinces. the Sinhalese and bifurcate the country! In fact the the balance 50% for the minorities. rationale behind the proposal was The inaction on the part of the It was not bifur- to prevent legislation detrimental subsequent governments alienated cate the country! 16 17 SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS the Tamils from the mainstream of the Citizenship Act, the Tamil politics and also marginalize the people began to entertain rivals.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Discourses of Ethno-Nationalism and Religious Fundamentalism
    DISCOURSES OF ETHNO-NATIONALISM AND RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM SRI LANKAN DISCOURSES OF ETHNO-NATIONALISM AND RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM By MYRA SIVALOGANATHAN, B.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University © Copyright by Myra Sivaloganathan, June 2017 M.A. Thesis – Myra Sivaloganathan; McMaster University – Religious Studies. McMaster University MASTER OF ARTS (2017) Hamilton, Ontario (Religious Studies) TITLE: Sri Lankan Discourses of Ethno-Nationalism and Religious Fundamentalism AUTHOR: Myra Sivaloganathan, B.A. (McGill University) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Mark Rowe NUMBER OF PAGES: v, 91 ii M.A. Thesis – Myra Sivaloganathan; McMaster University – Religious Studies. Abstract In this thesis, I argue that discourses of victimhood, victory, and xenophobia underpin both Sinhalese and Tamil nationalist and religious fundamentalist movements. Ethnic discourse has allowed citizens to affirm collective ideals in the face of disparate experiences, reclaim power and autonomy in contexts of fundamental instability, but has also deepened ethnic divides in the post-war era. In the first chapter, I argue that mutually exclusive narratives of victimhood lie at the root of ethnic solitudes, and provide barriers to mechanisms of transitional justice and memorialization. The second chapter includes an analysis of the politicization of mythic figures and events from the Rāmāyaṇa and Mahāvaṃsa in nationalist discourses of victory, supremacy, and legacy. Finally, in the third chapter, I explore the Liberation Tiger of Tamil Eelam’s (LTTE) rhetoric and symbolism, and contend that a xenophobic discourse of terrorism has been imposed and transferred from Tamil to Muslim minorities. Ultimately, these discourses prevent Sri Lankans from embracing a multi-ethnic and multi- religious nationality, and hinder efforts at transitional justice.
    [Show full text]
  • An Examination of Regional Views on South Asian Co-Operation with Special Reference to Development and Security Perspectives in India and Shri Lanka
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 Northi Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
    [Show full text]
  • RESULTS of PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - May 27, 1970 No of No of Total No
    RESULTS OF PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - May 27, 1970 No of No of Total No. of Votes No of No. and Name of Electoral District Name of the Elected Candidate Symbol allotted Votes Votes Polled including Registered Polled rejected rejected Electors 1 Colombo North V.A. Sugathadasa Elephant 20,930 97 44,511 Harris Wickremetunge Chair 13,783 W.I.A. Corsby Fernando Ship 164 A.S. Jayamaha Cockerel 97 2 Colombo Central R. Premadasa Elephant 69,310 5,491 240,597 99,265 Falil Caffoor Chair 63,624 Pieter Keuneman Star 58,557 M. Haleem Ishak Hand 41,716 C. Durairajah Umbrella 783 M. Haroun Careem Bell 413 Poopathy Saravanamuttu Ship 396 Panangadan Raman Krishnan Pair of Scales 307 3 Borella Kusala Abhayawardana (Mrs.) Key 16,421 50 32,810 42,849 M.H. Mohamed Elephant 15,829 M.A. Mansoor Pair of Scales 510 4 Colombo South J.R. Jayawardena Elephant 57,609 1,134 97,928 66,136 Bernard Soysa Key 36,783 Ratnasabapathy Wijaya Indra Eye 1,166 Ariyadasa Peiris Bell 561 A.S. Jayamaha Cockerel 241 Mudalige Justin Perera Flower 165 Joseph Beling Chair 164 Yathiendradasa Manampery Pair of Scales 105 5 Wattala A.D.J.L. Leo Hand 21,856 106 41,629 48,875 D. Shelton Jayasinghe Elephant 19,667 6 Negombo Denzil Fernando Elephant 20,457 132 36,509 44,284 Justin Fernando Hand 15,920 RESULTS OF PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - May 27, 1970 No of No of Total No. of Votes No of No. and Name of Electoral District Name of the Elected Candidate Symbol allotted Votes Votes Polled including Registered Polled rejected rejected Electors 7 Katana K.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects Volume 2
    Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects Edited by Asanga Welikala Volume 2 18 Failure of Quasi-Gaullist Presidentialism in Sri Lanka Suri Ratnapala Constitutional Choices Sri Lanka’s Constitution combines a presidential system selectively borrowed from the Gaullist Constitution of France with a system of proportional representation in Parliament. The scheme of proportional representation replaced the ‘first past the post’ elections of the independence constitution and of the first republican constitution of 1972. It is strongly favoured by minority parties and several minor parties that owe their very existence to proportional representation. The elective executive presidency, at least initially, enjoyed substantial minority support as the president is directly elected by a national electorate, making it hard for a candidate to win without minority support. (Sri Lanka’s ethnic minorities constitute about 25 per cent of the population.) However, there is a growing national consensus that the quasi-Gaullist experiment has failed. All major political parties have called for its replacement while in opposition although in government, they are invariably seduced to silence by the fruits of office. Assuming that there is political will and ability to change the system, what alternative model should the nation embrace? Constitutions of nations in the modern era tend fall into four categories. 1.! Various forms of authoritarian government. These include absolute monarchies (emirates and sultanates of the Islamic world), personal dictatorships, oligarchies, theocracies (Iran) and single party rule (remaining real or nominal communist states). 2.! Parliamentary government based on the Westminster system with a largely ceremonial constitutional monarch or president. Most Western European countries, India, Japan, Israel and many former British colonies have this model with local variations.
    [Show full text]
  • Update UNHCR/CDR Background Paper on Sri Lanka
    NATIONS UNIES UNITED NATIONS HAUT COMMISSARIAT HIGH COMMISSIONER POUR LES REFUGIES FOR REFUGEES BACKGROUND PAPER ON REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS FROM Sri Lanka UNHCR CENTRE FOR DOCUMENTATION AND RESEARCH GENEVA, JUNE 2001 THIS INFORMATION PAPER WAS PREPARED IN THE COUNTRY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS UNIT OF UNHCR’S CENTRE FOR DOCUMENTATION AND RESEARCH ON THE BASIS OF PUBLICLY AVAILABLE INFORMATION, ANALYSIS AND COMMENT, IN COLLABORATION WITH THE UNHCR STATISTICAL UNIT. ALL SOURCES ARE CITED. THIS PAPER IS NOT, AND DOES NOT, PURPORT TO BE, FULLY EXHAUSTIVE WITH REGARD TO CONDITIONS IN THE COUNTRY SURVEYED, OR CONCLUSIVE AS TO THE MERITS OF ANY PARTICULAR CLAIM TO REFUGEE STATUS OR ASYLUM. ISSN 1020-8410 Table of Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS.............................................................................................................................. 3 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................... 4 2 MAJOR POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN SRI LANKA SINCE MARCH 1999................ 7 3 LEGAL CONTEXT...................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 International Legal Context ................................................................................................. 17 3.2 National Legal Context........................................................................................................ 19 4 REVIEW OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION...............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Preparedness for Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals
    Preparedness for Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals Report No.PER/2017/2018/SDG/05 National Audit Office Performance Audit Division 1 | P a g e National preparedness for SDG implementation The summary of main observations on National Preparedness for the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is as follows. 1. The Rapid Integrated Assesment (RIA) is a first step in the process of aligning the country,s national development plan or public Investment programme with SDGs and RIA reveals an uneven alignment between the policy initiatives in the 2017 -2020 Public Investment Programme and the SDG target areas for the economy as (84%) people (80%) planet (58%) peace (42%) and partnership (38%). 2. After deducting debt repayments, the Government has allocated Rs. 440,787 million or 18 percent out of the total national budget of Rs. 2,997,845 million on major projects which identified major targets of relevant SDGs in the year 2018. 3. Sri Lanka had not developed a proper communication strategy on monitoring, follow up, review and reporting on progress towards the implementation of the 2030 agenda. 2 | P a g e Audit at a glance The information gathered from the selected participatory Government institutions have been quantified as follows. Accordingly, Sri Lanka has to pay more attention on almost all of the areas mentioned in the graph for successful implementation of Sustainable Development Goals. 40.0% Alignment of budgets, policies 34.5% and programmes 35.0% Policy integration and coordination 30.0% 28.5% 28.3% 27.0% 26.6% Creating ownership and engaging stakeholders 25.0% 24.0% Identification of resources and 20.5% 21.0% capacities 20.0% Mobilizing partnerships 15.0% Managing risks 10.0% Responsibilities, mechanism and process of monitoring, follow-up 5.0% etc (institutional level) Performance indicators and data 0.0% 3 | P a g e Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Transparency International Sri Lanka V. Presidential Secretariat
    At the Right to Information Commission of Sri Lanka Transparency International Sri Lanka v. Presidential Secretariat RTICAppeal/06/2017 Appeals heard as part of the meetings of the Commission on 12.06.2017 (RTIC Appeal/05/2017); 19.06.2017( RTIC Appeal/06/2017); 08.08.2017, 25.09.2017, 06.11.2017; 08.01.2018; 23.02.2018 (delivery of Order on Jurisdiction);24.04.2018 (amendment of papers by Appellant);26.06.2018; 04.09.2018 and 30.10.2018 Record of Proceedings and Order On Merits delivered on 4th December 2018 Chairperson: Mr. Mahinda Gammampila Commission Members: Ms. Kishali Pinto-Jayawardena Mr. S.G. Punchihewa Dr. Selvy Thiruchandran Justice Rohini Walgama Appellant: Transparency International Sri Lanka Notice issued to: Secretary to the President, Presidential Secretariat Information Request filed to Presidential Secretariat on 03.02.2017 Response by Information Officer on 06.03.2017 Appeal filed to Designated Officer on 10.03.2017 Response by Designated Officer on 20.03.2017 Appeal filed to RTI Commission on 19.05.2017 Written Submissions/Further Written Submissions filed on; (By the Appellant: 25.07.2017, 23.10.2017, 04.01.2018; 08.01.2018; 25. 06. 2018; 25.10.2018; 23.11.2018) (By the Respondent: Presidential Secretariat: 31.07.2017, 08.09.2017; 03.01.2018; 04.09.2018) Appearance/ Represented by: Counsel for the Appellant (appearing at various times during the hearing of the appeal): Mr. Gehan Goonetilleka, AAL Ms Sankhitha Guneratne, AAL 1 At the Right to Information Commission of Sri Lanka Counsel for the PA (Presidential Secretariat): Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Secretary-General's Panel Of
    REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL’S PANEL OF EXPERTS ON ACCOUNTABILITY IN SRI LANKA 31 March 2011 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL’S PANEL OF EXPERTS ON ACCOUNTABILITY IN SRI LANKA Executive Summary On 22 June 2010, the Secretary-General announced the appointment of a Panel of Experts to advise him on the implementation of the joint commitment included in the statement issued by the President of Sri Lanka and the Secretary-General at the conclusion of the Secretary-General’s visit to Sri Lanka on 23 March 2009. In the Joint Statement, the Secretary-General “underlined the importance of an accountability process”, and the Government of Sri Lanka agreed that it “will take measures to address those grievances”. The Panel’s mandate is to advise the Secretary- General regarding the modalities, applicable international standards and comparative experience relevant to an accountability process, having regard to the nature and scope of alleged violations of international humanitarian and human rights law during the final stages of the armed conflict in Sri Lanka. The Secretary-General appointed as members of the Panel Marzuki Darusman (Indonesia), Chair; Steven Ratner (United States); and Yasmin Sooka (South Africa). The Panel formally commenced its work on 16 September 2010 and was assisted throughout by a secretariat. Framework for the Panel’s work In order to understand the accountability obligations arising from the last stages of the war, the Panel undertook an assessment of the “nature and scope of alleged violations” as required by its Terms of Reference. The Panel’s mandate however does not extend to fact- finding or investigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Amba Yahaluwo by T.B. Ilangaratne AMBA YAHALUWO PDF
    Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Amba Yahaluwo by T.B. Ilangaratne AMBA YAHALUWO PDF. Sirimavo Bandaranaike Leader of the Opposition: This article needs additional citations for verification. See 1 question about Amba Yahaluwo…. Galagedera Vidyalaya, GalagederaSt. The socio-economic classifications that surrounding them will n I loved the Sinhala novel, loved the Akba series and also loved the English translation which I borrowed from a student. Open Preview See a Problem? Celebrating Kandyan middle-class life”. Truly a wonderful a “coming of age” novel. Ilangaratne retired from politics on April 12, Abdul Cader Lakshman Kiriella M. Selvanayagam Senerath Somaratne S. Amba Yahaluwo by T.B. Ilangaratne. Siriwardena Bernard Soysa V. Feb 20, Thevuni Kotigala rated it it was amazing. Thanuja rated it it was amazing Jan 19, To ask other readers questions about Amba Yahaluwoplease sign up. Retrieved from ” https: Abdul Raheem rated yaaluwo really liked it Feb 01, Apr 24, Keshavi added it. T. B. Ilangaratne. Jul 21, Isini Thisara added it. Nadun Lokuliyanage rated it it was amazing Apr 30, Amba Yahaluwo was made into a television serial. Retrieved 19 May Hasini Anjala rated it liked it Jul 01, Nilu rated it it was amazing Feb 16, I loved the Sinhala novel, loved the TV series and also loved the English translation which I borrowed from a student. This is a wonderful story about two children To ask other readers questions about Amba Yahaluwoplease sign up. The socio-economic classifications that surrounding them will never let them be friend as they want to. Sanath Senarathne rated it liked it Oct 14, But if I had been able to translate it while Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • DFAT Country Information Report
    DFAT Country Information Report Sri Lanka 18 December 2015 Contents Contents 2 1. Purpose and Scope 3 2. Background Information 4 Recent History 4 Demography 4 Economic Overview 4 Political System 6 Security Situation 7 3. Refugee Convention Claims 9 Race/Nationality 9 Religion 10 Political Opinion (Actual or Imputed) 11 Groups of Interest 18 4. Complementary Protection Claims 22 Arbitrary Deprivation of Life 22 Death Penalty 23 Torture 23 Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 25 5. Other Considerations 26 State Protection 26 Internal Relocation 28 Treatment of Returnees 29 Documentation 30 Prevalence of Fraud 32 2 1. Purpose and Scope 1.1 This Country Information Report has been prepared by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) for protection status determination purposes only. It provides DFAT’s best judgement and assessment at time of writing and is distinct from Australian Government policy with respect to Sri Lanka. 1.2 The report provides a general, rather than an exhaustive country overview. It has been prepared with regard to the current caseload for decision makers in Australia without reference to individual applications for protection visas. The report does not contain policy guidance for decision makers. 1.3 Ministerial Direction Number 56 of 21 June 2013 under s 499 of the Migration Act 1958 states that: Where the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade has prepared a country information assessment expressly for protection status determination processes, and that assessment is available to the decision maker, the decision maker must take into account that assessment, where relevant, in making their decision.
    [Show full text]
  • New Democracy, New Culture”
    Theoretical Organ of the New-Democratic Marxist-Leninist Party Marxist Leninist NN eeww DDeemmooccrraaccyy 52 July 2014 Class Struggle is the Key to Combat Chauvinist Oppression Facing the National Question on the Cultural Front The Post‐War National Question and the Sri Lankan Left (Part 2) The Idea of Secularism in a Buddhist State Hill Country Tamil Women: Employment Issues Water for the Jaffna Peninsula Sri Lankan events: Tiger Bogey; Politics of Gambling Electoral Politics and the South Asian Left Re‐colonizing Africa Poetry: Malik Sekou Osei, Mahesh Munasinghe To The People Darker than... the Midnight Gleam Malik Sekou Osei As the world pushes the bright tangerine of morning, for its light is more than beautiful but never sweet. As shades men of the night face East who whisper, To The People Darker than...the Midnight Gleam of failed betters days of self betrayal. As we embrace the dance of shiftless gigger our commercialize dance of never celebrity never to confront our lack of standard (continued on inside back cover) Editorial The anti‐Muslim violence in Aluthgama in mid‐June was not an isolated spontaneous event. It was anticipated weeks ahead and it is said that the police failed to act on information provided days ahead of the incident. The likelihood of such incidents has risen in the context of the anti‐Muslim sentiment that is being nurtured by Sinhala Buddhist chauvinist parties and militant Sinhala Buddhist fundamentalist outfits, some of which appear to have the support of sections of the state. Muslims have been targeted by Sinhala chauvinism for over a century and the first act of organized communal violence against the Muslims in 1915 was the only significant communal riot in the country until the anti‐ Tamil violence of 1958.
    [Show full text]
  • CROWN COPYRIGHT 2021 Upper Tribunal
    Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) KK and RS (Sur place activities: risk) Sri Lanka [2021] UKUT 0130 (IAC) THE IMMIGRATION ACTS Heard at Field House Decision & Reasons Promulgated On 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 September 2020 With further written submissions on 7 December 27 May 2021 2020 and 12 January 2021 Before UPPER TRIBUNAL JUDGE BLUM UPPER TRIBUNAL JUDGE RIMINGTON UPPER TRIBUNAL JUDGE NORTON-TAYLOR Between KK RS (ANONYMITY DIRECTION MADE) Appellants and SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE HOME DEPARTMENT Respondent Pursuant to Rule 14 of the Tribunal Procedure (Upper Tribunal) Rules 2008, we make an anonymity order. Unless the Upper Tribunal or a Court directs otherwise, no report of these proceedings or any form of publication thereof shall directly or indirectly identify the appellants or members of their families. This direction applies to, amongst others, all parties. Any failure to comply with this direction could give rise to contempt of court proceedings. We make this order owing to the content and nature of the proceedings. © CROWN COPYRIGHT 2021 Representation: For the appellant KK: Mr A Mackenzie and Ms A Benfield, of Counsel, instructed by Birnberg Peirce Solicitors For the appellant RS: Mr A Mackenzie and Mr A Bandegani, of Counsel, instructed by the Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants For the respondent: Ms N Patel, Mr T Tabori, and Ms H Higgins, of Counsel, instructed by the Government Legal Department COUNTRY GUIDANCE In broad terms, GJ and Others (post-civil war: returnees) Sri Lanka CG [2013] UKUT 00319 (IAC) still accurately reflects the situation facing returnees to Sri Lanka.
    [Show full text]