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Discourses of Ethno-Nationalism and Religious Fundamentalism
DISCOURSES OF ETHNO-NATIONALISM AND RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM SRI LANKAN DISCOURSES OF ETHNO-NATIONALISM AND RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM By MYRA SIVALOGANATHAN, B.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University © Copyright by Myra Sivaloganathan, June 2017 M.A. Thesis – Myra Sivaloganathan; McMaster University – Religious Studies. McMaster University MASTER OF ARTS (2017) Hamilton, Ontario (Religious Studies) TITLE: Sri Lankan Discourses of Ethno-Nationalism and Religious Fundamentalism AUTHOR: Myra Sivaloganathan, B.A. (McGill University) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Mark Rowe NUMBER OF PAGES: v, 91 ii M.A. Thesis – Myra Sivaloganathan; McMaster University – Religious Studies. Abstract In this thesis, I argue that discourses of victimhood, victory, and xenophobia underpin both Sinhalese and Tamil nationalist and religious fundamentalist movements. Ethnic discourse has allowed citizens to affirm collective ideals in the face of disparate experiences, reclaim power and autonomy in contexts of fundamental instability, but has also deepened ethnic divides in the post-war era. In the first chapter, I argue that mutually exclusive narratives of victimhood lie at the root of ethnic solitudes, and provide barriers to mechanisms of transitional justice and memorialization. The second chapter includes an analysis of the politicization of mythic figures and events from the Rāmāyaṇa and Mahāvaṃsa in nationalist discourses of victory, supremacy, and legacy. Finally, in the third chapter, I explore the Liberation Tiger of Tamil Eelam’s (LTTE) rhetoric and symbolism, and contend that a xenophobic discourse of terrorism has been imposed and transferred from Tamil to Muslim minorities. Ultimately, these discourses prevent Sri Lankans from embracing a multi-ethnic and multi- religious nationality, and hinder efforts at transitional justice. -
Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects Volume 2
Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects Edited by Asanga Welikala Volume 2 18 Failure of Quasi-Gaullist Presidentialism in Sri Lanka Suri Ratnapala Constitutional Choices Sri Lanka’s Constitution combines a presidential system selectively borrowed from the Gaullist Constitution of France with a system of proportional representation in Parliament. The scheme of proportional representation replaced the ‘first past the post’ elections of the independence constitution and of the first republican constitution of 1972. It is strongly favoured by minority parties and several minor parties that owe their very existence to proportional representation. The elective executive presidency, at least initially, enjoyed substantial minority support as the president is directly elected by a national electorate, making it hard for a candidate to win without minority support. (Sri Lanka’s ethnic minorities constitute about 25 per cent of the population.) However, there is a growing national consensus that the quasi-Gaullist experiment has failed. All major political parties have called for its replacement while in opposition although in government, they are invariably seduced to silence by the fruits of office. Assuming that there is political will and ability to change the system, what alternative model should the nation embrace? Constitutions of nations in the modern era tend fall into four categories. 1.! Various forms of authoritarian government. These include absolute monarchies (emirates and sultanates of the Islamic world), personal dictatorships, oligarchies, theocracies (Iran) and single party rule (remaining real or nominal communist states). 2.! Parliamentary government based on the Westminster system with a largely ceremonial constitutional monarch or president. Most Western European countries, India, Japan, Israel and many former British colonies have this model with local variations. -
Update UNHCR/CDR Background Paper on Sri Lanka
NATIONS UNIES UNITED NATIONS HAUT COMMISSARIAT HIGH COMMISSIONER POUR LES REFUGIES FOR REFUGEES BACKGROUND PAPER ON REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS FROM Sri Lanka UNHCR CENTRE FOR DOCUMENTATION AND RESEARCH GENEVA, JUNE 2001 THIS INFORMATION PAPER WAS PREPARED IN THE COUNTRY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS UNIT OF UNHCR’S CENTRE FOR DOCUMENTATION AND RESEARCH ON THE BASIS OF PUBLICLY AVAILABLE INFORMATION, ANALYSIS AND COMMENT, IN COLLABORATION WITH THE UNHCR STATISTICAL UNIT. ALL SOURCES ARE CITED. THIS PAPER IS NOT, AND DOES NOT, PURPORT TO BE, FULLY EXHAUSTIVE WITH REGARD TO CONDITIONS IN THE COUNTRY SURVEYED, OR CONCLUSIVE AS TO THE MERITS OF ANY PARTICULAR CLAIM TO REFUGEE STATUS OR ASYLUM. ISSN 1020-8410 Table of Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS.............................................................................................................................. 3 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................... 4 2 MAJOR POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN SRI LANKA SINCE MARCH 1999................ 7 3 LEGAL CONTEXT...................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 International Legal Context ................................................................................................. 17 3.2 National Legal Context........................................................................................................ 19 4 REVIEW OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION............................................................... -
Preparedness for Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals
Preparedness for Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals Report No.PER/2017/2018/SDG/05 National Audit Office Performance Audit Division 1 | P a g e National preparedness for SDG implementation The summary of main observations on National Preparedness for the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is as follows. 1. The Rapid Integrated Assesment (RIA) is a first step in the process of aligning the country,s national development plan or public Investment programme with SDGs and RIA reveals an uneven alignment between the policy initiatives in the 2017 -2020 Public Investment Programme and the SDG target areas for the economy as (84%) people (80%) planet (58%) peace (42%) and partnership (38%). 2. After deducting debt repayments, the Government has allocated Rs. 440,787 million or 18 percent out of the total national budget of Rs. 2,997,845 million on major projects which identified major targets of relevant SDGs in the year 2018. 3. Sri Lanka had not developed a proper communication strategy on monitoring, follow up, review and reporting on progress towards the implementation of the 2030 agenda. 2 | P a g e Audit at a glance The information gathered from the selected participatory Government institutions have been quantified as follows. Accordingly, Sri Lanka has to pay more attention on almost all of the areas mentioned in the graph for successful implementation of Sustainable Development Goals. 40.0% Alignment of budgets, policies 34.5% and programmes 35.0% Policy integration and coordination 30.0% 28.5% 28.3% 27.0% 26.6% Creating ownership and engaging stakeholders 25.0% 24.0% Identification of resources and 20.5% 21.0% capacities 20.0% Mobilizing partnerships 15.0% Managing risks 10.0% Responsibilities, mechanism and process of monitoring, follow-up 5.0% etc (institutional level) Performance indicators and data 0.0% 3 | P a g e Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ -
Current Affairs December 2013
Current Affairs December 2013 RATHNAKUMAR R. Email address: [email protected] © 2013 www.gktoday.in Price: Rs. 50/- Published by: GKToday (www.gktoday.in ) Disclaimer While all care has been taken in the preparation of this material, no responsibility is accepted by the author(s) for any errors, omissions or inaccuracies. The material provided in this resource has been prepared to provide general information only. It is not intended to be relied upon or be a substitute for legal or other professional advice. No responsibility can be accepted by the author for any known or unknown consequences that may result from reliance on any information provided in this publication Current Affairs Compendium December 2013 Contents ......................................... 6 ........................................................... 7 No capital gains tax or stamp duty on foreign banks converting to WoS - - .................. 7 Medium enterprises to be included under priority sector: RBI - .. 8 Cyber Coalition 2013: NATO’s largest ever cyber security exercise held in Estonia .......................................................................................................... 8 Direct cash transfer better option than other anti poverty schemes: Planning Commission ........................................................................................ 9 P.V. Sindhu clinches Macau Grand Prix .................................................. 9 Suwannapura bags India Open golf tournament .......................................................................................... -
Transparency International Sri Lanka V. Presidential Secretariat
At the Right to Information Commission of Sri Lanka Transparency International Sri Lanka v. Presidential Secretariat RTICAppeal/06/2017 Appeals heard as part of the meetings of the Commission on 12.06.2017 (RTIC Appeal/05/2017); 19.06.2017( RTIC Appeal/06/2017); 08.08.2017, 25.09.2017, 06.11.2017; 08.01.2018; 23.02.2018 (delivery of Order on Jurisdiction);24.04.2018 (amendment of papers by Appellant);26.06.2018; 04.09.2018 and 30.10.2018 Record of Proceedings and Order On Merits delivered on 4th December 2018 Chairperson: Mr. Mahinda Gammampila Commission Members: Ms. Kishali Pinto-Jayawardena Mr. S.G. Punchihewa Dr. Selvy Thiruchandran Justice Rohini Walgama Appellant: Transparency International Sri Lanka Notice issued to: Secretary to the President, Presidential Secretariat Information Request filed to Presidential Secretariat on 03.02.2017 Response by Information Officer on 06.03.2017 Appeal filed to Designated Officer on 10.03.2017 Response by Designated Officer on 20.03.2017 Appeal filed to RTI Commission on 19.05.2017 Written Submissions/Further Written Submissions filed on; (By the Appellant: 25.07.2017, 23.10.2017, 04.01.2018; 08.01.2018; 25. 06. 2018; 25.10.2018; 23.11.2018) (By the Respondent: Presidential Secretariat: 31.07.2017, 08.09.2017; 03.01.2018; 04.09.2018) Appearance/ Represented by: Counsel for the Appellant (appearing at various times during the hearing of the appeal): Mr. Gehan Goonetilleka, AAL Ms Sankhitha Guneratne, AAL 1 At the Right to Information Commission of Sri Lanka Counsel for the PA (Presidential Secretariat): Mr. -
INDIAN AFFAIRS- JANUARY 26TH, 2019 Dharmendra Pradhan
INDIAN AFFAIRS- JANUARY 26TH, 2019 Dharmendra pradhan launches new reforms to strengthen Jan Shikshan Santhans On January 24,2019,Dharmendra Pradhan,Minister of skill development implemented new reforms for Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) to enhance skill ecosystem and entrepreneurship in most of the remotest areas of India under centre’s flagship programme Skill India at the National Conference for Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSSs) in NewDelhi. Guidelines made: i. Aligning of JSS program and curriculum to Nationwide Talent Qualification Framework (NSQF) to enhance teaching. ii. Decentralisation of powers for JSSs by supplying additional accountability and independence to district administration iii. To identify and endorse common skills in the district iv. Evidence based evaluation procedure v. Straightforward online certification vi. Linking JSS to Community Finance Administration program (PFMS) to manage transparency and accountability of the ecosystem vii. School for trainers to enhance their capacity through Countrywide Capabilities Coaching Institutes (NSTIs). New portal: The Ministry also released the new JSS site (www.jss.gov.in) which will furnish information and facts on action ideas, databases of beneficiaries and stakeholders, details of finance and expenditure and other ongoing development projects that are on process. About Jan Shikshan Santhans: Previously known as Shramik Vidyapeeth was renamed as Jan Shikshan Santhans in april,2000.It is successful in providing skill development programmes to every remote areas of the country for past 50 years. Centre decided to renovate 400 abandoned airstrips Jharkhand is the first state to develop one such strip On January 25,2019, The Centre decided to renovate and develop around 400 abandoned airstrips across the country to strengthen air-connectivity,and Jharkhand is the first state to develop airstrip in Dhalbhumgarh . -
Post-Tsunami Redevelopment and the Cultural Sites of the Maritime Provinces in Sri Lanka
Pali Wijeratne Post-Tsunami Redevelopment and the Cultural Sites of the Maritime Provinces in Sri Lanka Introduction floods due to heavy monsoon rains, earth slips and land- slides and occasional gale force winds caused by depres- Many a scholar or traveller in the past described Sri Lanka sions and cyclonic effects in either the Bay of Bengal or as »the Pearl of the Indian Ocean« for its scenic beauty and the Arabian Sea. Sri Lanka is not located in the accepted nature’s gifts, the golden beaches, the cultural riches and seismic region and hence the affects of earthquakes or the mild weather. On that fateful day of 26 December 2004, tsunamis are unknown to the people. The word ›tsunami‹ within a matter of two hours, this resplendent island was was not in the vocabulary of the majority of Sri Lankans reduced to a »Tear Drop in the Indian Ocean.« The Indian until disaster struck on that fateful day. Ocean tsunami waves following the great earthquake off The great historical chronicle »Mahavamsa« describes the coast of Sumatra in the Republic of Indonesia swept the history of Sri Lanka from the 5th c. B. C. This chronicle through most of the maritime provinces of Sri Lanka, reports an incident in the 2nd c. B. C. when »the sea-gods causing unprecedented damage to life and property. made the sea overflow the land« in the early kingdom of There was no Sri Lankan who did not have a friend or Kelaniya, north of Colombo. It is to be noted that, by acci- relation affected by this catastrophe. -
Report of the Secretary-General's Panel Of
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL’S PANEL OF EXPERTS ON ACCOUNTABILITY IN SRI LANKA 31 March 2011 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL’S PANEL OF EXPERTS ON ACCOUNTABILITY IN SRI LANKA Executive Summary On 22 June 2010, the Secretary-General announced the appointment of a Panel of Experts to advise him on the implementation of the joint commitment included in the statement issued by the President of Sri Lanka and the Secretary-General at the conclusion of the Secretary-General’s visit to Sri Lanka on 23 March 2009. In the Joint Statement, the Secretary-General “underlined the importance of an accountability process”, and the Government of Sri Lanka agreed that it “will take measures to address those grievances”. The Panel’s mandate is to advise the Secretary- General regarding the modalities, applicable international standards and comparative experience relevant to an accountability process, having regard to the nature and scope of alleged violations of international humanitarian and human rights law during the final stages of the armed conflict in Sri Lanka. The Secretary-General appointed as members of the Panel Marzuki Darusman (Indonesia), Chair; Steven Ratner (United States); and Yasmin Sooka (South Africa). The Panel formally commenced its work on 16 September 2010 and was assisted throughout by a secretariat. Framework for the Panel’s work In order to understand the accountability obligations arising from the last stages of the war, the Panel undertook an assessment of the “nature and scope of alleged violations” as required by its Terms of Reference. The Panel’s mandate however does not extend to fact- finding or investigation. -
Intimate Partner Violence in Sri Lanka: a Scoping Review
Paper Intimate partner violence in Sri Lanka: a scoping review S Guruge1, V Jayasuriya-Illesinghe1, N Gunawardena2, J Perera3 (Index words: intimate partner violence, scoping review, violence against women, Sri Lanka) Abstract (37.7%) [2]. A review of data from 81 countries revealed South Asia is considered to have a high prevalence of that South Asia has the second highest prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. Therefore IPV (41.7%) [3]. Context specific information about IPV the World Health Organisation has called for context- in South Asia is needed to understand these alarming specific information about IPV from different regions. A prevalence rates, as well as to identify the determinants of scoping review of published and gray literature over the IPV and how these factors generate the conditions under last 35 years was conducted using Arksey and O’Malley’s which women experience IPV in these settings. framework. Reported prevalence of IPV in Sri Lanka ranged from 20-72%, with recent reports of rates ranging from 25- Despite sharing many characteristics with other 35%. Most research about IPV has been conducted in a South Asian countries, Sri Lanka consistently ranks few provinces and is based on the experience of legally better in terms of maternal and child health, and life married women. Individual, family, and societal risk factors expectancy and educational attainment of women, yet for IPV have been studied, but their complex relationships available research suggests that the country has high have not been comprehensively investigated. Health rates of IPV [4-6]. Sri Lanka is currently transitioning consequences of IPV have been reported, with particular from a low-to middle-income country and is emerging attention to physical health, but women are likely to under- from a 25-year-long civil war, so it is a unique context report sexual violence. -
GEOGRAPHY Grade 11 (For Grade 11, Commencing from 2008)
GEOGRAPHY Grade 11 (for Grade 11, commencing from 2008) Teachers' Instructional Manual Department of Social Sciences Faculty of Languages, Humanities and Social Sciences National Institute of Education Maharagama. 2008 i Geography Grade 11 Teachers’ Instructional Manual © National Institute of Education First Print in 2007 Faculty of Languages, Humanities and Social Sciences Department of Social Science National Institute of Education Printing: The Press, National Institute of Education, Maharagama. ii Forward Being the first revision of the Curriculum for the new millenium, this could be regarded as an approach to overcome a few problems in the school system existing at present. This curriculum is planned with the aim of avoiding individual and social weaknesses as well as in the way of thinking that the present day youth are confronted. When considering the system of education in Asia, Sri Lanka was in the forefront in the field of education a few years back. But at present the countries in Asia have advanced over Sri Lanka. Taking decisions based on the existing system and presenting the same repeatedly without a new vision is one reason for this backwardness. The officers of the National Institute of Education have taken courage to revise the curriculum with a new vision to overcome this situation. The objectives of the New Curriculum have been designed to enable the pupil population to develop their competencies by way of new knowledge through exploration based on their existing knowledge. A perfectly new vision in the teachers’ role is essential for this task. In place of the existing teacher-centred method, a pupil-centred method based on activities and competencies is expected from this new educa- tional process in which teachers should be prepared to face challenges. -
The Ceylon Medical 2006 Jan..Pmd
Papers Iodine nutrition status among schoolchildren after salt iodisation R Jayatissa1, MM Gunathilaka2 and DN Fernando3 (Index words: Goitre rate, household salt iodine level, urinary iodine) Abstract west region of the island extending over the whole of the Earlier studies done in Sri Lanka have indicated the Western, Sabaragamuwa, Central and Southern Provinces importance of iodine deficiency as a public health and part of the Uva Province, which constitute the wet problem. The universal salt iodisation programme has zone of the country, with a very high annual rainfall of been implemented since 1995. The goals of salt iodisation 250–500 cm. Over 70% of the population of the island are reduction of the goitre rate to <5% in school-aged resides in this zone [2]. The high annual rainfall in this children, to maintain the median urinary iodine level in area was believed to leach the soil of iodine resulting in the population between 100–200 µg/L and >90% of iodine deficiency [3]. households using iodised salt. In 1950, a study of three Provinces of Sri Lanka Objective To estimate the goitre prevalence, the urinary showed that the incidence of enlarged thyroid in iodine level, and measure the household iodised salt schoolgirls was high, the iodine content of drinking water consumption pattern by Province. was low and the usual diet was poor in iodine. Therefore Method A school-based study of 6574 randomly selected a lack of iodine in food and water was considered to be of children in the age group 8–10 years, from 263 schools primary aetiological importance [4].