Statement by Hon. Minister of Justice of Sri Lanka the High Level
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Discourses of Ethno-Nationalism and Religious Fundamentalism
DISCOURSES OF ETHNO-NATIONALISM AND RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM SRI LANKAN DISCOURSES OF ETHNO-NATIONALISM AND RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM By MYRA SIVALOGANATHAN, B.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University © Copyright by Myra Sivaloganathan, June 2017 M.A. Thesis – Myra Sivaloganathan; McMaster University – Religious Studies. McMaster University MASTER OF ARTS (2017) Hamilton, Ontario (Religious Studies) TITLE: Sri Lankan Discourses of Ethno-Nationalism and Religious Fundamentalism AUTHOR: Myra Sivaloganathan, B.A. (McGill University) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Mark Rowe NUMBER OF PAGES: v, 91 ii M.A. Thesis – Myra Sivaloganathan; McMaster University – Religious Studies. Abstract In this thesis, I argue that discourses of victimhood, victory, and xenophobia underpin both Sinhalese and Tamil nationalist and religious fundamentalist movements. Ethnic discourse has allowed citizens to affirm collective ideals in the face of disparate experiences, reclaim power and autonomy in contexts of fundamental instability, but has also deepened ethnic divides in the post-war era. In the first chapter, I argue that mutually exclusive narratives of victimhood lie at the root of ethnic solitudes, and provide barriers to mechanisms of transitional justice and memorialization. The second chapter includes an analysis of the politicization of mythic figures and events from the Rāmāyaṇa and Mahāvaṃsa in nationalist discourses of victory, supremacy, and legacy. Finally, in the third chapter, I explore the Liberation Tiger of Tamil Eelam’s (LTTE) rhetoric and symbolism, and contend that a xenophobic discourse of terrorism has been imposed and transferred from Tamil to Muslim minorities. Ultimately, these discourses prevent Sri Lankans from embracing a multi-ethnic and multi- religious nationality, and hinder efforts at transitional justice. -
Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects Volume 2
Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects Edited by Asanga Welikala Volume 2 18 Failure of Quasi-Gaullist Presidentialism in Sri Lanka Suri Ratnapala Constitutional Choices Sri Lanka’s Constitution combines a presidential system selectively borrowed from the Gaullist Constitution of France with a system of proportional representation in Parliament. The scheme of proportional representation replaced the ‘first past the post’ elections of the independence constitution and of the first republican constitution of 1972. It is strongly favoured by minority parties and several minor parties that owe their very existence to proportional representation. The elective executive presidency, at least initially, enjoyed substantial minority support as the president is directly elected by a national electorate, making it hard for a candidate to win without minority support. (Sri Lanka’s ethnic minorities constitute about 25 per cent of the population.) However, there is a growing national consensus that the quasi-Gaullist experiment has failed. All major political parties have called for its replacement while in opposition although in government, they are invariably seduced to silence by the fruits of office. Assuming that there is political will and ability to change the system, what alternative model should the nation embrace? Constitutions of nations in the modern era tend fall into four categories. 1.! Various forms of authoritarian government. These include absolute monarchies (emirates and sultanates of the Islamic world), personal dictatorships, oligarchies, theocracies (Iran) and single party rule (remaining real or nominal communist states). 2.! Parliamentary government based on the Westminster system with a largely ceremonial constitutional monarch or president. Most Western European countries, India, Japan, Israel and many former British colonies have this model with local variations. -
Update UNHCR/CDR Background Paper on Sri Lanka
NATIONS UNIES UNITED NATIONS HAUT COMMISSARIAT HIGH COMMISSIONER POUR LES REFUGIES FOR REFUGEES BACKGROUND PAPER ON REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS FROM Sri Lanka UNHCR CENTRE FOR DOCUMENTATION AND RESEARCH GENEVA, JUNE 2001 THIS INFORMATION PAPER WAS PREPARED IN THE COUNTRY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS UNIT OF UNHCR’S CENTRE FOR DOCUMENTATION AND RESEARCH ON THE BASIS OF PUBLICLY AVAILABLE INFORMATION, ANALYSIS AND COMMENT, IN COLLABORATION WITH THE UNHCR STATISTICAL UNIT. ALL SOURCES ARE CITED. THIS PAPER IS NOT, AND DOES NOT, PURPORT TO BE, FULLY EXHAUSTIVE WITH REGARD TO CONDITIONS IN THE COUNTRY SURVEYED, OR CONCLUSIVE AS TO THE MERITS OF ANY PARTICULAR CLAIM TO REFUGEE STATUS OR ASYLUM. ISSN 1020-8410 Table of Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS.............................................................................................................................. 3 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................... 4 2 MAJOR POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN SRI LANKA SINCE MARCH 1999................ 7 3 LEGAL CONTEXT...................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 International Legal Context ................................................................................................. 17 3.2 National Legal Context........................................................................................................ 19 4 REVIEW OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION............................................................... -
Preparedness for Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals
Preparedness for Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals Report No.PER/2017/2018/SDG/05 National Audit Office Performance Audit Division 1 | P a g e National preparedness for SDG implementation The summary of main observations on National Preparedness for the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is as follows. 1. The Rapid Integrated Assesment (RIA) is a first step in the process of aligning the country,s national development plan or public Investment programme with SDGs and RIA reveals an uneven alignment between the policy initiatives in the 2017 -2020 Public Investment Programme and the SDG target areas for the economy as (84%) people (80%) planet (58%) peace (42%) and partnership (38%). 2. After deducting debt repayments, the Government has allocated Rs. 440,787 million or 18 percent out of the total national budget of Rs. 2,997,845 million on major projects which identified major targets of relevant SDGs in the year 2018. 3. Sri Lanka had not developed a proper communication strategy on monitoring, follow up, review and reporting on progress towards the implementation of the 2030 agenda. 2 | P a g e Audit at a glance The information gathered from the selected participatory Government institutions have been quantified as follows. Accordingly, Sri Lanka has to pay more attention on almost all of the areas mentioned in the graph for successful implementation of Sustainable Development Goals. 40.0% Alignment of budgets, policies 34.5% and programmes 35.0% Policy integration and coordination 30.0% 28.5% 28.3% 27.0% 26.6% Creating ownership and engaging stakeholders 25.0% 24.0% Identification of resources and 20.5% 21.0% capacities 20.0% Mobilizing partnerships 15.0% Managing risks 10.0% Responsibilities, mechanism and process of monitoring, follow-up 5.0% etc (institutional level) Performance indicators and data 0.0% 3 | P a g e Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ -
Transparency International Sri Lanka V. Presidential Secretariat
At the Right to Information Commission of Sri Lanka Transparency International Sri Lanka v. Presidential Secretariat RTICAppeal/06/2017 Appeals heard as part of the meetings of the Commission on 12.06.2017 (RTIC Appeal/05/2017); 19.06.2017( RTIC Appeal/06/2017); 08.08.2017, 25.09.2017, 06.11.2017; 08.01.2018; 23.02.2018 (delivery of Order on Jurisdiction);24.04.2018 (amendment of papers by Appellant);26.06.2018; 04.09.2018 and 30.10.2018 Record of Proceedings and Order On Merits delivered on 4th December 2018 Chairperson: Mr. Mahinda Gammampila Commission Members: Ms. Kishali Pinto-Jayawardena Mr. S.G. Punchihewa Dr. Selvy Thiruchandran Justice Rohini Walgama Appellant: Transparency International Sri Lanka Notice issued to: Secretary to the President, Presidential Secretariat Information Request filed to Presidential Secretariat on 03.02.2017 Response by Information Officer on 06.03.2017 Appeal filed to Designated Officer on 10.03.2017 Response by Designated Officer on 20.03.2017 Appeal filed to RTI Commission on 19.05.2017 Written Submissions/Further Written Submissions filed on; (By the Appellant: 25.07.2017, 23.10.2017, 04.01.2018; 08.01.2018; 25. 06. 2018; 25.10.2018; 23.11.2018) (By the Respondent: Presidential Secretariat: 31.07.2017, 08.09.2017; 03.01.2018; 04.09.2018) Appearance/ Represented by: Counsel for the Appellant (appearing at various times during the hearing of the appeal): Mr. Gehan Goonetilleka, AAL Ms Sankhitha Guneratne, AAL 1 At the Right to Information Commission of Sri Lanka Counsel for the PA (Presidential Secretariat): Mr. -
Report of the Secretary-General's Panel Of
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL’S PANEL OF EXPERTS ON ACCOUNTABILITY IN SRI LANKA 31 March 2011 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL’S PANEL OF EXPERTS ON ACCOUNTABILITY IN SRI LANKA Executive Summary On 22 June 2010, the Secretary-General announced the appointment of a Panel of Experts to advise him on the implementation of the joint commitment included in the statement issued by the President of Sri Lanka and the Secretary-General at the conclusion of the Secretary-General’s visit to Sri Lanka on 23 March 2009. In the Joint Statement, the Secretary-General “underlined the importance of an accountability process”, and the Government of Sri Lanka agreed that it “will take measures to address those grievances”. The Panel’s mandate is to advise the Secretary- General regarding the modalities, applicable international standards and comparative experience relevant to an accountability process, having regard to the nature and scope of alleged violations of international humanitarian and human rights law during the final stages of the armed conflict in Sri Lanka. The Secretary-General appointed as members of the Panel Marzuki Darusman (Indonesia), Chair; Steven Ratner (United States); and Yasmin Sooka (South Africa). The Panel formally commenced its work on 16 September 2010 and was assisted throughout by a secretariat. Framework for the Panel’s work In order to understand the accountability obligations arising from the last stages of the war, the Panel undertook an assessment of the “nature and scope of alleged violations” as required by its Terms of Reference. The Panel’s mandate however does not extend to fact- finding or investigation. -
NEWSLETTER December, 2017 | Vol 7, No
SAARC Cultural Centre NEWSLETTER December, 2017 | Vol 7, No. 4 Editorial News in Highlight... The last quarter of 2017 was A wonderful collection of Editorial filled with activities and the paintings was submitted Page no. 01 culmination of a very successful by the school children of year for the SAARC Cultural Sri Lanka for the Annual SAARC Cultural Festival on Centre. The last quarter SAARC Non-Violence Day Art Traditional Dance Page no. 02 commenced with the Meeting Competition. Schools from all of the Governing Board of nine provinces of Sri Lanka Ninth Governing Board Meeting the SAARC Cultural Centre submitted Paintings. The of the SAARC Cultural Centre who has supported us in all Award Ceremony was held in Page no. 05 our activities and enabled conjunction with the SAARC us to conduct our events Charter Day on 8th December SAARC Film Festival Page no. 06 successfully. The 7th Annual which concluded our activities SAARC Film Festival and for 2017. SAARC Exhibition and Award Ceremony concluded Workshop on Handicraft successfully in Colombo, In 2017, SAARC Cultural Sri Lanka in November, in a Centre was able to highlight Page no. 10 glamourous event participated South Asian Culture in all its by the Cinema lovers of Sri forms through art, paintings, SAARC Non-Violence Day dance festivals, handicrafts Art Competition for School Lanka. This was followed by Children exhibitions, film festivals and the SAARC Cultural Festival Page no. 12 on Traditional Dance and various forms of visual and the SAARC Exhibition and performing arts, bringing the SAARC Charter Day South Asian Region closer Workshop on Handicrafts held Page no. -
SRI LANKA Presidential Election
i SRI LANKA Presidential Election 16 November 2019 Contents Letter of Transmittal ........................................................................ iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................... vi Recommendations ..................................................................... vii Chapter 1 ....................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 1 Activities .................................................................................. 2 Chapter 2 ....................................................................................... 3 POLITICAL BACKGROUND .................................................................... 3 2015 Presidential Election ............................................................. 3 19th Amendment to the Constitution ................................................ 3 2015 Parliamentary Election ........................................................... 4 Key developments in the lead up to the 2019 Presidential Election ............. 4 2019 Presidential Election ............................................................. 5 Chapter 3 ....................................................................................... 7 ELECTORAL FRAMEWORK AND ELECTION ADMINISTRATION .......................... 7 Background ............................................................................... 7 The Legal Framework, Regional and -
Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention Against
United Nations CAC/COSP/IRG/I/3/1/Add.20 Conference of the States Parties Distr.: General 31 March 2015 to the United Nations Convention against Corruption Original: English Implementation Review Group Sixth session Vienna, 1-5 June 2015 Item 2 of the provisional agenda* Review of implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption Executive summary Note by the Secretariat Addendum Contents Page II. Executive summary ............................................................. 2 Sri Lanka ..................................................................... 2 __________________ * CAC/COSP/IRG/2015/1. V.15-02147 (E) 160415 170415 *1502147* CAC/COSP/IRG/I/3/1/Add.20 II. Executive summary Sri Lanka 1. Introduction: Overview of the legal and institutional framework of Sri Lanka in the context of implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption Sri Lanka signed the Convention on 15 March 2004 and ratified it on 31 March 2004. It entered into force for Sri Lanka on 14 December 2005. The Roman Dutch Law remains the common law of the country, while the impact on the common law system derived from the English law has had a much greater influence on the laws of Sri Lanka than the Roman tradition. The common law has been modified, both expressly and by implication by statutory law and judicial decisions. The penal provisions are set out in the Penal Code and the law relating to criminal procedure in Sri Lanka is governed by the Criminal Procedure Code; civil procedure is set out in the Civil Procedure Code. The most important legislation with regard to the implementation of the Convention includes the Bribery Act [Cap. 26], Commission to Investigate Allegations of Bribery or Corruption (CIABOC) Act No. -
Drug Offenders- Submission by Freedoms Collective
Submission to the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention: Study on arbitrary detention relating to drug policies 1. Please provide information concerning the number of people held in pre-trial detention as well as the number of those who are imprisoned pursuant to a conviction for drug-related offences. Please indicate what percentage of the total pre-trial detention population are being held for drug-related offences. Please identify the percentage of the total prison population who have been convicted and imprisoned for drug-related offences. For those convicted of drug-related offences, what percentage of this group have been imprisoned for acquisition, use or possession of drugs for personal use? How many people convicted of drug use belong to disadvantaged groups (e.g. women, pregnant women, children and youth, indigenous people, sex workers, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) persons, homeless people, people with HIV/AIDS, persons with disabilities, ethnic minorities, migrant communities? According to the 2020 prisons statistics of the Department of Prisons in Sri Lanka, of 29,164 of the total direct admissions of convicted prisoners, the number of direct admissions of convicted prisoners for drug offences is 15,123. The percentage of prisoners convicted for drug offences of the total number of convicted prisoners is therefore 51.9%. The statistics do not distinguish between persons who were convicted for the possession of drugs and those convicted for drug trafficking. However, according to the statistics, 10,799 prisoners (71.4%) of the 15,123 prisoners convicted for drug offences, were serving a sentence of one to six months in prison and another 2,627 (17.4%) prisoners were sentenced for six to twelve months in prison; therefore about 88.8% of the drug offenders received a sentence of up to one year. -
SELECTED PAPERS of SIBA- MCU INTERNATIONAL BUDDHIST CONFERENCE 2013 on International Exchange of Buddhism in the Global Context
Selected Papers of SIBA-MCU INTERNATIONAL BUDDHIST CONFERENCE 2013 on International Exchange of Buddhism in the Global Context Jointly Organized by The Supreme Sangha of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalya University Thailand and Sri Lanka International Buddhist Academy held on 20th & 21st August 2556/ 2013 at Sri Lanka International Buddhist Academy Pallekele, Kandy Sri Lanka. ii SELECTED PAPERS OF SIBA- MCU INTERNATIONAL BUDDHIST CONFERENCE 2013 on International Exchange of Buddhism in the Global Context ISSN – 2449-0148 16. 07. 2015 Publisher: Sri Lanka International Buddhist Academy (SIBA) Pallekele, Kundasale 20168, Sri Lanka. iii Advisory Board Dr. Upali M. Sedere Prof. Udaya Meddegama Review Panel Prof. Udaya Meddegama Prof. Ratne Wijetunge Ven. Dr. Medagampitiye Wijitadhamma Ven. Dr. Bhikkhuni W. Suvimalee Dr. Vijita Kumara Mr. A. B. Mediwake Editors Ven. Mahawela Ratanapala Ms. Iromi Ariyaratne Cover page Designers Mr. Udara Kotandeniya Ms. Hasanthi Dahanayake Mr. Thilina Bandara iv Foreword v Foreword This volume is a result of the successful International Conference on ‘Global Exchange of Buddhism’ which was held on August 20, 2013 on the occasion of commemorating the 260th Anniversary of the establishment of the Siyam Maha Nikaya in Sri Lanka. The conference was a joint sponsorship of the Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University (MCU) of Thailand and Sri Lanka International Buddhist Academy at Kundasale, Sri Lanka. The conference was held at the Sri Lanka International Buddhist Academy and was well attended by over 200 foreign delegates from 25 countries and over 500 Sri Lankan participants. The abstract book of all papers presented was published before the conference which was made available to all participants. This has also been published on www.sibacampus.com website and those who wish could download free of charge. -
13Th Amendment to the Constitution 53 Minority
SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS SRI LANKA’S SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS ETHNIC PROBLEM First Edition : January 2006 AND Cover Design : Sriyantha Walpola Pagelayout : Suganthi Manimaran SOLUTIONS; Printers : CPA (Inhouse printing) Publishers : Center for Policy Alternatives The Centre for Policy Alternatives(CPA)was set up with the objective of strengthening the civil society contribution to the public policy opinion and decision making process through programmes of research and advocacy. CPA focuses on By democracy,peace and governance. Lionel Guruge For further details write to Centre for Policy Alternatives 24/2, 28th Lane, off Flower Road Colombo -07, Sri Lanka. Telephone : 94-11 2565304/06 Fax : 94 11-4714460 E-mail : [email protected] Centre for Policy Alternatives 2 3 SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS SRI LANKA'S ETHNIC PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS A word No doubt the ethnic conflict is Sri CONTENTS Lanka’s tragedy. Perhaps it is the most disputed one. Many are the books 1. A word 3 written about it. Yet, the books 2. In search of New Direction to resolve couched in simple, direct and convincing language are a rarity today. the ethnic conflict 5 3. Background to the ethnic conflict 9 We believe this booklet written by 4. Sinhala for the entire country 26 our collegue, Lionel Guruge will help fill the gap. It points to the failure on 5. Tamil languages (Special provisions)Act 30 the part of the Sinhala majority to 6. Thimpu Talks – 1985 48 promote a viable solution to the legitimate grievances of the Tamil 7.