City Landmark Assessment and Evaluation Report
247 20th Street Santa Monica, California
Prepared for
City of Santa Monica Planning Division
Prepared by
Margarita Jerabek, Ph.D. Amanda Kainer, M.S. Virginia Harness, M.S. Adam Rajper, M.S. Stephanie Hodal, M.H.P.
PCR Services Corporation Santa Monica, California
December 2015
Table of Contents
I. INTRODUCTION ...... 2 A. Executive Summary ...... 2 B. Location and Property Description ...... 2 C. Methodology ...... 2 II. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ...... 3 A. Local Level ...... 3 1. City of Santa Monica Designation Criteria ...... 3 III. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ...... 5 A. Development of Santa Monica ...... 5 B. Gillette’s Regent Square...... 5 C. 247 20th Street, Property History ...... 6 1. Construction History ...... 6 2. Ownership and Occupancy History ...... 9 D. Period Revival Styles: The Tudor Revival Style (1890-1940) ...... 11 IV. EVALUATION OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES ...... 17 A. Previous Evaluations ...... 17 B. Potential Gillette’s Regent Square District ...... 18 C. Architectural Description ...... 18 D. Integrity Analysis ...... 23 E. Evaluation of Significance ...... 24 1. Landmark Criteria ...... 24 F. Conclusion ...... 28
APPENDICES ...... A‐1 Appendix A – Professional Qualifications Appendix B – Sanborn Fire Insurance Map 1918-50 (Sheet 59) Appendix C – Assessor Index Map Appendix D – Assessor Parcel Map Appendix E – DPR From, 2008 (247 20th Street) Appendix F – DPR From, 2008 (Gillette’s Regent Square District) Appendix G – Building Permits
247 20th Street City Landmark Assessment and Evaluation Report page i I. INTRODUCTION
A. Executive Summary
PCR evaluated 247 20th Street (“subject residence” or “subject property”) against the applicable Landmark and Historic District Criteria for the City of Santa Monica. The subject property is located in Gillette’s Regent Square, Block F, Lot 19 and is improved with a single-family Tudor Revival style residence and garage constructed in 1925. The subject property is bordered by San Vicente Boulevard to the northwest, 17th Street to the southwest, Georgina Avenue to the southeast, and 19th Street to the northeast. The neighborhood consists primarily of early twentieth-century one- and two-story single-family Period Revival residences.
The subject property was identified in 2008 as a contributor to the potential Gillette’s Regent Square District (“District”) during the City of Santa Monica’s ongoing survey process. The 2008 intensive level survey for Gillette’s Regent Square determined that 199 out of 566 properties within the potential District boundaries were contributing structures based upon their integrity and construction dates within the period of significance from 1913 to 1941. The potential District is described as “…a microcosm of Santa Monica’s residential development patterns in the decades prior to World War II…” in the survey evaluation.
Following an intensive pedestrian site survey and historical research, PCR concluded that the subject property continues to be a contributor to the potential District but does not presently meet the local threshold of significance for City of Santa Monica Landmark designation.
B. Location and Property Description
The subject property is located at 247 20th Street in Santa Monica and was built in 1925 by contractor George “Geo” A. Bloomquist. The one- and two-story Tudor Revival residence has an altered footprint (it is presently U-shaped and covers an area of approximately 2,676 square feet) due to rear additions that are not visible from the public right of way on 20th Street. The subject property is situated near the northern corner of Georgina Avenue and 20th Street. The Pacific Ocean is less than one quarter of a mile to the northwest. The lot is rectangular in shape and oriented towards the southwest, and covers an area of approximately 60 feet (width) by 149 feet (length). In front of the residence, which fronts 20th Street, there is a small front yard.
C. Methodology
The evaluation was conducted by PCR’s Architectural Historian Technician, Adam Rajper, M.S., and Historic Resources Intern, Stephanie Hodal, M.H.P., whose qualifications meet the Secretary of the Interior’s professional qualifications standards in architectural history. Margarita Jerabek, Ph.D., Director/Principal Architectural Historian, Amanda Kainer, M.S, Senior Architectural Historian, and Virginia Harness, M.S., Assistant Architectural Historian, provided project management and direction, site survey, research review and input, report review, and quality control. Professional qualifications are provided in Appendix A.
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PCR conducted this assessment to evaluate the existing conditions of the subject property in order to determine its eligibility for designation as a Santa Monica Landmark. A multi-step methodology was utilized to evaluate the property. An intensive pedestrian site survey was conducted by PCR’s architectural historians to identify and record physical conditions through digital photography and manuscript notes. The physical inspection included examination of the materials and construction techniques, as well as analysis of the construction chronology as evidenced in the existing built fabric. Historical background research included review of available building permits, historic maps, photographs, newspaper articles, United States Census records, and published secondary sources on the history of Santa Monica. PCR conducted research at the City of Santa Monica Public Library and the City of Santa Monica Building and Safety Division. The information collected from these sources was used to assist in the architectural analysis and the evaluation of the building for designation. Ordinances, statutes, regulations, bulletins, and technical materials relating to federal, state, and local historic preservation, designation assessment processes and related programs were reviewed and analyzed. The evaluation criteria of the City of Santa Monica for the designation of individual properties and districts were utilized to evaluate the current historical and architectural significance of the subject property.
II. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
A. Local Level 1. City of Santa Monica Designation Criteria
The City of Santa Monica formally initiated a historic preservation program with its 1976 adoption of the Landmark and Historic Preservation Ordinance. Santa Monica Landmarks and Historic Districts Ordinance was amended in 1987 and again in 1991, to create a more comprehensive preservation program. This ordinance established the Landmarks Commission whose powers include designation of Structures of Merit and Landmarks, and recommendation to the City Council for the designation of Historic Districts. Furthermore, it identified both obligations required of historic property ownership and a broad range of incentives available to owners of historic properties.
Individual Landmarks Section 9.36.100 of the City of Santa Monica Landmark and Historic Preservation Ordinance authorizes the Landmarks Commission to designate Landmarks or Historic Districts. An individually significant property may be designated a Landmark and such designations may be made provided that the subject properties meet one or more of the following criteria:
1. It exemplifies, symbolizes, or manifests elements of the cultural, social, economic, political or architectural history of the City.
2. It has aesthetic or artistic interest or value, or other noteworthy interest or value.
3. It is identified with historic personages or with important events in local, state or national history.
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4. It embodies distinguishing architectural characteristics valuable to a study of a period, style, method of construction, or the use of indigenous materials or craftsmanship, or is a unique or rare example of an architectural design, detail or historical type valuable to such a study.
5. It is a significant or a representative example of the work or product of a notable builder, designer or architect.
6. It has a unique location, a singular physical characteristic, or is an established and familiar visual feature of a neighborhood, community or the City.
It should be noted that the City of Santa Monica does not require that a property be of a certain age in order to be eligible for designation as a Landmark.
Historic Districts An Historic District is defined by the City of Santa Monica as “any geographic area or noncontiguous grouping of thematically related properties that the City Council has designated as and determined to be appropriate for historical preservation pursuant to the provisions of this [ordinance].” In order to be designated an Historic District, an area must meet one of the following criteria, outlined in the Santa Monica Municipal Code [§9.36.100(b)]:
1. Any of the criteria identified in Section 9.36.100(a)(1) through (6).
2. It is a noncontiguous grouping of thematically related properties or a definable area possessing a concentration of historic, scenic or thematic sites, which contribute to each other and are unified aesthetically by plan, physical development or architectural quality.
3. It reflects significant geographical patterns, including those associated with different eras of settlement and growth, particular transportation modes, or distinctive examples of park or community planning.
It has a unique location, a singular physical characteristic, or is an established and familiar visual feature of a neighborhood, community or the City. (Prior code § 9607; added by Ord. No. 1028CCS, adopted 3/24/76; amended by Ord. No. 1590CCS § 1, adopted 7/23/91).
Additionally, Section 9.36.130 of the City of Santa Monica Landmark and Historic Preservation Ordinance states that the application for the designation of a Historic District shall be automatically nullified if a petition opposing the designation is signed by owners of a majority of the properties to be located within the proposed District and filed with the Commission Secretary prior to the commencement of the Commission hearing on the application.1
1 Santa Monica Municipal Code 9.36.130(h) Historic District designation procedure.
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III. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The historic context developed below presents the background necessary to evaluate the historical and architectural significance of the subject residence, including the development of the Town of Santa Monica, construction history and alterations, and occupancy history. The period of significance associated with subject property is 1925, the original construction date of the residence. Historical themes discussed below that are associated with the subject property include the following: Development of Santa Monica, Gillette’s Regent Square, and Period Revival styles, including the Tudor Revival (1890-1940).
A. Development of Santa Monica
In 1875, the original town site of Santa Monica was surveyed, including all the land extending from Colorado Street on the south to Montana on the north, and from 26th Street on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west. Between 1893 and the 1920s, the community operated as a tourist attraction that was visited primarily by wealthy patrons. Areas located just outside of the incorporated city limits were semi-rural in setting and populated with scattered residences. Following the widespread acceptance of the automobile in the 1920s, Santa Monica experienced a significant building boom, with numerous homes constructed in the tracts north of Montana and east of Seventh Street for year-round residents.
During the Great Depression, Santa Monica struggled with a number of issues, including increased racial tensions, rampant gambling, a jump in illegal trade and activities, and high unemployment. Additionally, building activity slowed dramatically in the late 1920s and early 1930s. During this time of hardship, Santa Monica actively attempted to attract investors to the area in an effort to improve the city’s prospects.2
B. Gillette’s Regent Square
The Gillette’s Regent Square tract was one of the many California real estate investments of King Camp Gillette (1855-1932), inventor of the razor blade.3 It is situated in the northeast portion of the City of Santa Monica and consists of a total of twenty-five blocks. Its historical boundaries are 21st Street to the northeast, 17th Street to the southwest, Montana Avenue to the southeast, and San Vicente Boulevard to the northwest. The tract contains numerous one- and two-story single-family residences, most of which were constructed in response to the demand for housing in Santa Monica by the middle- and upper middle classes in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The automobile, which had become widespread by this time, significantly contributed to the area’s development by affording mobility, especially convenient access to places of employment.
Gillette left his company in 1910 and invested his fortune in real estate. In 1911, he purchased 153 acers of land consisting of open fields in Santa Monica, reputedly for $1,000 per acre. Although subdivided in 1912 into 570 parcels, Gillette’s Regent Square, as it was named, was not extensively developed until the population and real estate boom of the 1920s,
2 Paula A. Scott, Santa Monica: A History on the Edge (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2004), 105-113. 3 The historical context of this section was adapted from ICF Jones & Stokes, “Santa Monica Citywide Historic Resources Inventory Update Final Report,” November 2010.
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when 248 dwellings were constructed. Most lots measured approximately 50 feet by 150 feet (corner lots were larger). Marketed as “good investments” as well as “rare homesites,” these homes were designed for the burgeoning middle class of Santa Monica during this time.4 Advertisements also prominently described available transportation in efforts to attract commuters from Los Angeles. The neighborhood was served by the Westgate and Santa Monica streetcar lines, which ran along San Vicente Boulevard. A third line ran along Montana Avenue, to the south.
In the 1920s, numerous lots in the Gillette’s Regent Square tract, such as the subject property, were improved with dwellings built by builders or developers. This trend was prevalent throughout Santa Monica during the early twentieth-century. However, professional architects also designed residences in the tract; John Byers, Ralph Flewelling, W. Asa Hudson, and Frank E. Bivens Jr. are a few notable examples.
C. 247 20th Street, Property History 1. Construction History
The subject property was improved in 1925 with a Tudor Revival residence and garage. Between 1935 and 1978, various alterations and additions were made to the subject property, which are summarized in summarized in Table 1 below.
Table 1
Permits for 247 20th Street
Issued Permit# Owner Contractor Architect Valuation Description 1/12/1925 B66 Geo. A. Geo. A. Name $5500 Dwelling and garage. two Bloomquist Bloomquist crossed out dwelling, $500 stories, 30’ x 40,’ 20’ and garage. height, concrete illegible foundation, wood floors, wood lath walls, stucco finish, shingle roof, brick chimney 7/2/1935 B1069 E.R.C. Illegible $1,411 Addition of one room Billerbeck addition (15’ x 24’), exterior wall material illegible, shingle roof 8/5/1938 B6728 E.R.C. E.R.C. $500 Bedroom and bath Billerbeck Billerbeck addition (10 x 21’), wood frame 5/5/1978 B50827 Walter and J. Stuart $8000 Kitchen remodel, upstairs Susan Hilliard bedroom addition (above Richter garage), garage addition
4 Santa Monica Historical Resources Inventory, Final report 1985-1986, prepared by Johnson Heumann Research Associates for the City of Santa Monica, 1986, p. 51.
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The original building permit was issued on January 12, 1925 to George “Geo” Bloomquist who is listed both as the owner and builder.5 The permit indicates a construction cost of $5,000 for the dwelling and $500 for the garage. It is unclear if an architect is associated with the subject property, as a name is crossed out and illegible on the original permit after “architect’s name.” The permit specifies a two-story dwelling measuring 30 x 40 feet and 22 feet in height, a concrete foundation, wood floors, wood lath walls finished in stucco, a shingle roof, and a brick chimney.
On July 2, 1935, Ernst Ray Carlos Billerbeck hired a contractor (whose name is illegible on the corresponding permit) to construct a one room addition to the residence measuring 15 x 24 feet for a cost of $1,411.6 Billerbeck was an architect, but he is not identified as the project architect on the permit.
On August 5, 1938, Billerbeck added a 10 x 24 foot bedroom and bathroom addition to the residence for a cost of $500. The corresponding permit identifies him as the contractor.7
A Sanborn Fire Insurance Map dating from 1950 (Figure 1) indicates the footprint of the subject property prior to the last documented addition (1978). The Sanborn map does not appear to reflect the additions made to the subject property in 1935 and 1938 and described above.
On May 5, 1978, Water and Susan Ricther hired contractor J. Stuart Hilliard to remodel the kitchen, construct a second story bedroom addition (above the garage), and enrage the garage for a cost of $8,000. The permit provides a sketch of the proposed additions (Figure 2).8
5 City of Santa Monica, Building & Safety, permit no. B66, January 12, 1925. 6 City of Santa Monica, Building & Safety, permit no. B1069, July 2, 1935. 7 City of Santa Monica, Building & Safety, permit no. B6728, August 5, 1938. 8 City of Santa Monica, Building & Safety, permit no.. B50827, May 5, 1978.
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\ Figure 1. Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, City of Santa Monica, detail of sheet 59 (subject property outlined in red), 1950. The Sanborn map does not appear to reflect the additions made to the subject property in 1935 and 1938.
Figure 2. Excerpt from City of Santa Monica Building Permit # 50827, May 5, 1978, showing plan for proposed addition to bedroom (second floor) and garage (first floor)
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2. Ownership and Occupancy History
The ownership and occupancy history for 247 20th Street is summarized in Table 2 below.
Table 2
Occupants of 247 20th Street
Year Name(s) Occupation Source 1927 Johnson , Laura H. Santa Monica City Directory 1928-1978 Billerbeck, Ray (Laura) Architect Santa Monica City Directory 1983 Marshall, Frank Haines Directory 1994 Kyle Kirkland Haines Directory 1999 Marshall. Frank Haines Directory 2003/04 Williams, Bernie Haines Directory 2011/12 Maniscalco, Harding Haines Directory Maniscalco, James 2013/14 Maniscalco, Susan Haines Directory 2014/15 Maniscalco, Susan Haines Directory
The subject property’s original building permit identifies George “Geo” A. Bloomquist (1889-1950) as the owner and builder. The 1923-1924 City of Santa Monica directory lists Bloomquist as a salesman with Braden Realty and living at 614 14th Street. The 1925 directory identifies his profession as “real estate” and his residence as 304 18th Street. In the 1920s, it was common for builders and developers in Santa Monica to purchase lots in desirable areas and then improve and sell them for a profit. This may explain why Bloomquist does not appear to have lived at the subject property.
The 1927 directory records Laura H. Johnson as the first tenant. No additional information was found on her.
City directories indicate that Ernst Raymond Carlos Billerbeck (1898-1978), an architect, and his wife Laura Bloomquist Billerbeck (1887-1980) owned the subject property from 1928 to 1978, the year of Mr. Billerbeck’s death. No specific information was found on Mrs. Billerbeck. Research indicates that Ernst Billerbeck (1898-1978) was born in Freeport, Illinois,9 completed his degree in architecture at the University of Illinois in 1922,10 and received his license to practice architecture in California in 1927. He worked as a designer for Orville Clark (1924-1928), the United States Bureau of Reclamation (1941-1942, Fox Studios (set designer, 1943-1944), the United States Bureau of Reclamation (1941-1942), and the Building Branch of the Los Angeles Unified School District11 (1947) before being appointed architect of the Los Angeles City Board of Education in 1956.12
9 “Longtime Santa Monica Resident,” Santa Monica Outlook, June 23, 1978. 10 “Annual Register, University of Illinois, 1923-24,” Mocavo Records, http://www.mocavo.com/Annual- Register-University-of-Illinois-1923-24-Volume-1923-24/878199/415 (accessed September 28, 2015). According to the American Architects Directory (1956, 1962, and 1970), Billerbeck received his Bachelors of Science from the University of Illinois in 1923. 11 Alan Michelson, “Ernst Ray C. Billerbeck,” Pacific Coast Architecture Directory (PCAD),
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According to the United States Federal Census records for 1900 through 1920, George Bloomquist and Laura (Bloomquist) Billerbeck were both born and living in the Jamestown and adjacent Chautauqua, New York areas from their birth until about 1920. By 1930 both were living in Santa Monica. The familial relationship between Laura and George is unclear; they are not siblings. According to the 1910 Census, Laura Bloomquist married Emile Johnson (1879-1963) in Chautauqua in 1909. By the time of the 1930 Census, Johnson was divorced and living in Santa Monica and Ernst Billerbeck was listed as married to Laura. Further research is needed to determine the details of the relationship between the Bloomquist and the Johnson families to understand how marriage and divorce may have affected ownership and property transfer.
A building permit dating from 1978 identifies Walter and Susan Richter as owners of the subject property. No information was found on the Richters.
Occupancy of the subject property is unclear from 1978 until it was purchased by Frank Marshall (b. 1946), whom the directories identify as the occupant by 1983. Marshall appears to have lived at 247 20th Street until 2003,13 when the subject property was sold, though he is last listed in the city directory in 1999. Marshall is a prolific producer and director in the film industry. He has worked extensively with Peter Bogdanovich and Steven Spielberg. Just prior to his confirmed residency in the subject property, Marshall produced Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) and Poltergeist (1982) in addition to founding Amblin Entertainment (1982)14 with Spielberg and Kathleen Kennedy (whom he married in 1987).15
Frank Marshall is known for several films produced during his residency at the subject property, including Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (executive producer, 1984), Gremlins (executive producer, 1984), Back to the Future (executive producer, 1985), Who Framed Roger Rabbit (producer, 1988), Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (executive producer, 1989), The Sixth Sense (producer, 1999), The Bourne Identity (executive producer, 2002), and Seabiscuit (producer, 2003).
Kathleen Kennedy (b. 1953) is the producer of over sixty films including Steven Spielberg’s E.T. (producer, 1981), as well as Poltergeist (associate producer, 1982) and Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (associate producer, 1984). Between 1987 and 2003 (the period in which she is assumed to have lived at the subject property), she produced numerous popular films, including Who Framed Roger Rabbit (executive producer, 1988), Schindler’s List (executive producer, 1993), Jurassic Park (producer, 1993), The Sixth Sense (producer, 1999), and Seabiscuit (producer, 2003). Kennedy continued to produce Spielberg’s films and went on to collaborate with a large and important group of directors, including Martin Scorsese, Robert Zemeckis, Barry Levinson, and Clint Eastwood when they made films for
http://pcad.lib.washington.edu/person/4778/ (accessed September 28, 2015). 12 “Prominent Architect Honored by Engineers,” Los Angeles Times, January 1, 1956. 13 247 20th Street, Santa Monica, CA 9042,” BlockShopper, Los Angeles, accessed December 4, 2015, http://losangeles.blockshopper.com/property/4279001019/247_20th. 14 Sandra Garcia-Meyers, “Frank Marshall,” Film Reference. http://www.filmreference.com/Writers-and- Production-Artists-Lo-Me/Marshall-Frank.html (accessed September 29, 2015). 15 ”Frank Marshall Biography.” IMDb.com, http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0550881/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm (accessed September 30, 2015).
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Amblin. In 2012 Kennedy was named co-chair of Lucasfilm Ltd. With its sale to The Walt Disney Company she was promoted to president.16
As the above list of films indicates, Kennedy and Marshall have collaborated on numerous films. Kennedy served as president of the Amblin Company until 1992 when she and Marshall formed the Kennedy/Marshall Company.
City directories list Bernie T. Williams as the owner of the subject property from 2003 to 2011. Williams (1942-2015) was also a prominent producer whose reputation emerged from extensive work with Stanley Kubrick and Frank Oz on films including A Clockwork Orange (1971), Barry Lyndon (1975), Ragtime (1981), Dirty Rotten Scoundrels (1988), Bowfinger (1999). Between 2001 and 2003 he released Daredevil and Charlotte’s Web.17
Attorneys James P. and Susan Harding Maniscalco are listed as the owners from 2011/12 to the present. James Maniscalco is a founding partner of the law firm Towle Denison Smith and Maniscalco, LLP.18
D. Period Revival Styles: The Tudor Revival Style (1890-1940)
Economic growth in the early twentieth-century led to an increase in population in Southern California in the 1920s and 30s. This, in turn, resulted in great demand for housing. The Gillette’s Regent Square tract was developed at the height of the population and real estate boom and also during a time in which Period Revival styles were immensely popular. The residences erected in Santa Monica during this time reflect these trends. In that city, there is a high concentration of Spanish Colonial Revival residences dating from this period, followed by Tudor, Colonial, Monterey, and French Revival examples. This pattern is also seen in the Gillette’s Regent Square tract which preserves numerous single-family residences dating from the 1920s and 30s and designed for Santa Monica’s middle- and upper middle classes.19
By the 1920s, some of the new architecture in Southern California area was derived from European precedents. However, architects and designers also borrowed heavily from non- European and “exotic” sources that captured the public imagination. An architecture of fantasy then emerged from eclectic sources, and Southern California proved to be a fertile testing ground for these experiments. Period Revival styles were popular during the first forty years of the twentieth-century and patterned after buildings of various earlier periods. Styles included American Colonial, Georgian, Tudor (Medieval), Norman, Egyptian, Moorish/Assyrian, Spanish Colonial and Pueblo Revival.
16 Michael Lev-Ram, “How the Star Wars Producer Went from Secretary to Studio Boss,” Fortune Online, (September 10, 2015) http://fortune.com/2015/09/10/kathleen-kennedy-lucasfilm-star-wars/ (accessed October 5, 2015). 17 Carmel Dagan, “Producer of ‘Manhunter,’ ‘Daredevil,’ Dies at 72,”Vanity Fair Online, (January 12, 2015) http://variety.com/2015/film/news/bernie-williams-producer-of-manhunter-daredevil-dies-at-72- 1201403289/ (accessed September 30,2015). 18 “James P. Maniscalco,” Attorney Profiles, Towle Denison Smith & Maniscalco LLP, http://www.tdsmlaw.com/attorney-profiles.html (accessed September 28, 2015) 19 ICF Jones & Stokes, “Santa Monica Citywide Historic Resources Inventory Update Final Report,” November 2010: 64-65.
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Despite the widespread popularity of Period Revival and exotic styles in Southern California, detractors dismissed Los Angeles as a back lot simulacrum. Modernist architect Richard Neutra “blamed” the motion picture industry for the proliferation of Period Revival architecture. Carey McWilliams offered a more generous explanation: “Lacking socially prominent first families or deeply rooted social traditions, Los Angeles quickly adopted the motion-picture elite as its arbiters of taste and style. Although the movie elite moved in a world of their own, this world was all the more conspicuous for having the spotlight riveted on its isolated, stage-like gyrations. Hence the movies came to set the tone of opinion in style and taste, manner of living, and attitudes. In other words, Los Angeles imitated Hollywood.”20
Tudor Revival architecture was loosely based upon the architecture of Medieval English architecture. The style originated in Britain during the mid-nineteenth-century, making its way to the United States by century’s end. Early Tudor Revival buildings in America tended to actually reflect English designs from the Tudor period, and were typically monumental buildings designed by architects. In the twentieth-century, the grandeur of the early Tudor Revival gave way to stylistic choices that more closely reflected medieval cottages. During the 1920s and 1930s Tudor Revival increased significantly in popularity. The heightened popularity was due in part to the emergence of masonry veneering techniques. The character of these later Tudor Revival homes can vary dramatically depending on availability of materials and the builder of architect’s approach to Tudor Revival.
Tudor Revival homes do not have a set floor plan and do not require symmetry, allowing designers and builders a greater degree of freedom. The architecture of the Tudor Revival style is defined by: a steeply pitched (usually side-gable) roof; one or more prominent front- gables on primary elevation; decorative half-timbering; a combination of different exterior cladding materials, including stucco and brick masonry; a round or Tudor arch front door or entry porch; tall, narrow windows with multi-pane glazing (often in a diamond pattern); and massive chimneys.21
Including the subject property, the potential Gillette’s Regent Square District contains thirteen contributing Tudor Revival residences. They are organized by date in Table 3 below. Most of the residences were built during the 1920s and appear to be similar to the subject residence in terms of design.
A modest example of a Tudor Revival residence, the subject property exhibits a few character-defining features of the style, including a side-gable roof, a front gable, false half- timbering, and slender multi-light windows. However, unlike more characteristic examples in Santa Monica and elsewhere in the United States, the residence is lacking in the following ways:
20 Carey McWilliams, Southern California: An Island on the Land (Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith, 1973), 345. 21 Virginia Savage McAlester, A Field Guide to American Houses (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013), 448- 466.
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. The roof has a moderate pitch. Nearby examples, such as 315 19th Street (Table 3) in Gillette’s Regent Square, have steeply pitched roofs with prominent front gables, which is more representative of the Tudor Revival style. . Half-timbering is limited to the front gable. Santa Monica examples, such as 1407 Georgina Avenue (constructed in 1927, Figure 3), exhibit more extensive half- timbering on the primary elevation. . The chimney (possibly original) is small in scale. 320 9th Street (constructed in 1924, Figure 4), another Tudor Revival residence in Santa Monica, has a prominent chimney that is more representative of the style. . Stucco is the primary exterior cladding material. The aforementioned Santa Monica examples have both stucco and brick masonry cladding, which is more characteristic of the style. . The entrance does not consist of a round or Tudor arch. 1407 Georgina Avenue features a more characteristic entrance topped by a Tudor arch. . The two tall and narrow windows on the primary elevation are surmounted by pointed arches, not Tudor arches. This does not appear to be a typical Tudor Revival feature Table 3
Tudor Revival Contributors to the Potential Gillette’s Regent Square District
Date Number Street Architect or NRHP Status Photograph Builder Code (if known) 1924 217 17th St. John Byers 5B (architect), Robert R. Jones (builder)
1925 247 20th St. G. A. 5D3 Boomquist (builder)
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Table 3 (Continued)
Tudor Revival Contributors to the Potential Gillette’s Regent Square District
Date Number Street Architect or NRHP Status Photograph Builder Code (if known) 1925 315 19th St. D. W. Gille 5D3 (Architect), C. G. Chambers (builder)
1925 346 20th St. Robert L. 5D3 Britton (architect and builder)
1925 1902 Georgina Roth and 5D3 Ave. Maule (architect and builder)
1926 223 21st St. G. A. Hogan 5D3 (builder)
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Table 3 (Continued)
Tudor Revival Contributors to the Potential Gillette’s Regent Square District
Date Number Street Architect or NRHP Status Photograph Builder Code (if known) 1926 307 19th St. Homer Taylor 5D3 (architect), J. E. Zehmder (builder)
1926 330 21st St. J. T. 5D3 Goodfellow (architect)
1926 340 20th St. 5D3
1926 345 19th St. P. J. Rowell 5D3 (architect), Robert H. Newcomer (builder)
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Table 3 (Continued)
Tudor Revival Contributors to the Potential Gillette’s Regent Square District
Date Number Street Architect or NRHP Status Photograph Builder Code (if known) 1926 401 19th St. D. W. Gillies 5D3 (architect and builder)
1927 1920 Alta L. F. 5D3 Ave. Mulqueen (architect), E. L. Johnson (builder)
1930 315 18th St. Maules 5D3 Building Company (builder)
* Source: City of Santa Monica Historic Resources Inventory
*5B: Locally significant both individually (listed, eligible, or appears eligible) and as a contributor to a district that is locally listed, designated, determined eligible or appears eligible through survey evaluation.
*5D3: Appears to be a contributor to a district that appears eligible for local listing or designation through survey evaluation.
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Figure 3. 1407 Georgina Avenue, 1927 (Santa Monica Historic Resources Inventory)
Figure 4. 320 9th Street, 1924 (Santa Monica Historic Resources Inventory)
IV. EVALUATION OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES
A. Previous Evaluations
The subject property has been identified and assessed under the City of Santa Monica’s ongoing survey process. In 2008, the subject property was assigned a National Register of Historic Places (“NRHP”) status code of 5D3 and identified as a contributor to the potential Gillette’s Regent Square District. The Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) form recording the findings is contained in the “Santa Monica Citywide Historic Resources Inventory Update Final Report” prepared for the City of Santa Monica by ICF International
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in 2010. It states that the subject residence is eligible under criterion A.1 because it “Contributes to a district that exemplifies, symbolizes, or manifests the elements of the cultural, social, economic, political, or architectural history of the City.” It also identifies the subject residence as a “a very good example of a Tudor Revival style dwelling with a high degree of integrity that contributes to a potential Gillette’s Regent Square District in Santa Monica.” The period of significance is identified as 1925, the original date of construction. The previous evaluation of the subject property and District are included in Appendices E and F.
B. Potential Gillette’s Regent Square District
The District is situated in the northeast portion of the City of Santa Monica and within the historical boundaries of the Gillette’s Regent Square Tract. The tract consists of a regular grid of twenty-five blocks bound by 21st Street to the northeast, 17th Street to the southwest, Montana Avenue to the southeast, and San Vicente Boulevard to the northwest. The District contains single-family residences constructed between 1913 and 1941, with most built in the 1920s. Of the 566 parcels in the tract, 199 appear to be contributors to the District. Contributing properties consist of one- and two-story Period Revival residences. Of the architectural styles represented, the Spanish Colonial Revival is the most prevalent. Other styles include the Colonial, English, Tudor, and French Revival. Contributing properties have similar lot sizes and setbacks, driveways leading to rear garages, and front yards with mature landscaping, and retain a high level of integrity. The tract contains concrete sidewalks shaded by mature trees and wide streets with landscaped medians.
The District is eligible for designation as a local historic district representing the single- family residential development of Santa Monica before World War II. The District contains a historically and architecturally consistent grouping of single-family residences largely constructed in response to the demand for housing in Santa Monica by the middle- and upper middle classes in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Non-contributing properties do not retain integrity or were constructed outside the period of significance (1913-1941).
As stated above, including the subject property, the District contains thirteen contributing Tudor Revival residences, most of which were constructed during the 1920s (Table 3). During the 2008 intensive level survey for the District, twelve of these residences were assigned NHRP status codes of 5D3, “appears to be a contributor to a district that appears eligible for local listing or designation through survey evaluation.” 217 17th Street is the only residence that was assigned a NRHP status code of 5B, “locally significant both individually (listed, eligible, or appears eligible) and as a contributor to a district that is locally listed, designated, determined eligible or appears eligible through survey evaluation.” Built in 1924 by Robert R. Jones, 217 17th Street is eligible for designation as a Landmark because its design is attributed to noted architect John Byers.
C. Architectural Description
The subject residence is oriented facing southwest towards 20th Street, overlooks a front yard, and has an altered footprint. Sanborn Fire Insurance maps indicate that the residence originally had an irregular footprint (Figure 1). Additions to the rear of the residence have
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resulted in a U-shaped plan that opens towards the northeast and surrounds an internal courtyard, contains three bedrooms and three bathrooms, and covers an area of approximately 2,676 square feet. The garage, which has also undergone alteration since its construction, has a rectangular plan and extends from the south “wing” of the residence towards the rear (northeast) property line. The residence and garage have concrete foundations, wood frame walls with a stucco exterior finish, and a composition shingle roof.
The primary (southwest) elevation of the residence overlooks 20th Street and is partially obscured from view due to mature growth bushes and trees (Figures 5, 6, and 7). It exhibits a few character-defining features of Tudor Revival single-family residential architecture poplar from 1890 to 1940, including: a side-gable roof; a projecting front gable with two diamond pane windows in a wood surround and decorative half-timbering; and two slender multi-light windows on the first floor (Figure 8). Wood brackets support the slightly projecting second- story cross gable end (Figure 7). A simple brick chimney (possibly original), which is visible from the public right of way on 20th Street, surmounted the house (Figure 9).
On the north side of the property, overlooking 20th Street, there is a wall finished in stucco and fitted with a decorative wood gate (probably original) flanked by two stucco spherical finials (probably also original, Figure 10). A concrete driveway runs along the southern parcel boundary, leading to the rear, one-story garage which has a stucco finish and arched wood garage door (replacement, Figure 11). The front yard is landscaped with a grass lawn, shrubs, and mature trees (Figure 5).
Figure 5. Primary (southwest) elevation, view northeast (PCR 2015)
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Figure 6. Primary (southwest) elevation, view northeast, showing slightly projecting second- story cross-gable end with decorative half timbering, supporting wood brackets, and two paired diamond pane windows in a wood surround (original, PCR 2015)
Figure 7. Primary (southwest) elevation, view northeast, showing slightly projecting second- story cross-gable (original, PCR 2015)
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Figure 8. Two arched multi-pane windows on primary (southwest) elevation (original, PCR 2015)
Figure 9. Brick chimney from the public right of way on 20th Street (probably original, PCR 2015)
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Figure 10. Stucco wall on north side of subject property, overlooking 20th Street, fitted with decorative wood gate (probably original) flanked by two stucco spherical finials (probably original, PCR 2015)
Figure 11. Concrete driveway running along southern parcel boundary and leading to rear, one-story garage with stucco finish and arched wood garage door (replacement, PCR 2015)
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D. Integrity Analysis
At the local level, a property eligible for local designation as a historic landmark must retain integrity from its period of significance and must retain sufficient historical integrity to physically illustrate its significance from a public right-of-way. As a general rule, properties should retain the majority of the building’s original materials; properties may have alterations or additions, but the general form, massing and original stylistic features of the property, the basic elements that allow it to communicate its historic character, should remain intact. The subject property exhibits a high level of physical integrity and retains integrity of location, deign, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association.
Location – The subject residence has not been moved; it remains in the location in which it was originally built. Therefore, the subject property retains integrity of location.
Design –Although additions in 1935, 1938, and 1978, respectively, have altered the subject property’s original footprint, the 1925 portion of the house, which includes the primary (southwest) elevation, appears to be intact. The additions were made to the rear of the property and are not visible from the public right of way on 20th Street. Furthermore, the subject residence preserves original Tudor Revival character-defining features, including: a steeply pitched side-gable roof; a prominent front-gable; tall, narrow arched windows with multi-pane glazing; and decorative half-timbering. Therefore, the subject property retains integrity of design.
Setting – The setting around the subject property is partially compromised due to the alteration of neighboring dwellings and construction of single-family residences in the immediate vicinity after the potential Gillette’s Regent Square District’s period of significance (1913-1941). Despite later development, however, the surrounding area continues to reflect its historical and architectural associations with the Gillette’s Regent Square Tract. The subject residence has direct views of several residences situated along 20th Street that have been identified as contributors to the potential District. Therefore, the subject property retains integrity of setting.
Materials – The original, 1925 portion of the subject residence does not appear to be substantially altered. The primary elevation preserves its stucco finish, decorative wood elements (half timbering and wood brackets), and original window materials. Therefore, the subject property retains integrity of materials.
Workmanship – The subject residence preserves original materials as well as the physical evidence of their workmanship. This is particularly evident in the decorative woodwork. Therefore, the subject property retains integrity of materials.
Feeling – The subject residence retains integrity of location, design, setting, materials and workmanship which serve to convey its historic feeling as a residence constructed in the Gillette’s Regent Square Tract prior to World War II. Therefore, the subject property retains integrity of feeling.
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Association – The subject residence’s primary (southwest) elevation is largely unchanged since its 1925 construction. As such, the residence continues to convey its historic association as a single-family residence designed for the City of Santa Monica’s middle class in the late 1920s. Meanwhile, the garage, whose primary (southwest) elevation is largely unaltered, continues to convey its association with early twentieth-century automobile culture which was integral to the development of the Gillette’s Regent Square Tract. Therefore, the subject property retains integrity of association.
E. Evaluation of Significance
The period of significance associated with the subject property is 1925, the original date of construction by contractor George A. Bloomquist. Historical themes discussed above that are associated with the subject property include the following: Development of Santa Monica, Gillette’s Regent Square, and The Tudor Revival Style (1890-1940). As described above, the subject property retains a high level of integrity and has been previously identified as a contributor to the District during the City of Santa Monica’s ongoing survey process in 2008. 247 20th Street remains an excellent example of a modest Tudor Revival style house. There are thirteen Tudor Revival style homes in the District. The setting around the subject property is partially compromised due to some later infill. However, this area of the District still continues to reflect its historical and architectural associations with the Gillette’s Regent Square Tract. 1. Landmark Criteria
9.36.100(a) (1) It exemplifies, symbolizes, or manifests elements of the cultural, social, economic, political or architectural history of the City.
The development of Gillette’s Regent Square Tract is closely tied to the real estate boom of the 1920s and 30s in Southern California. During this time, Period Revival styles were extremely popular in the region, as evidenced by surviving residences dating from the early decades of the tract’s development.
The subject property is a modest example of a Period Revival residence in Santa Monica. It conveys the economic and architectural history of the City before World War II as a contributor to a District consisting of similar Period Revival single-family residences largely constructed in response to the demand for housing by the middle- and upper middle classes in the late 1920s and early 1930s.
As such, the subject property does not individually meet this criterion, but the District, as a whole, exemplifies the cultural, social, economic, and architectural history of the prewar development of Santa Monica.
9.36.100(a) (2) It has aesthetic or artistic interest or value, or other noteworthy interest or value.
The subject property does not appear to have aesthetic or artistic interest or value, and therefore, does not appear to meet this criterion.
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9.36.100(a) (3) It is identified with historic personages or with important events in local, state or national history.
E.R.C. Billerbeck, who lived in the house for fifty years (1928-1978), was appointed architect of the Los Angeles Board of Education in 1956. In this role, it is possible that he had a hand in the shaping of the exceptional postwar building expansion of the Los Angeles school system that featured the work of many important Mid-Century Modern architects. However, there does not appear to be any evidence to support this and therefore the subject property does not appear to be significant for its associations with Billerbeck
Additionally, the subject property was the residence of Frank Marshall and Kathleen Kennedy, two successful and influential film producers. The producer essentially manages the production of a film from beginning to end. The tasks of a producer can vary widely, but often include finding and developing an idea and/or script, securing rights, hiring the director, supervising casting, and assembling the crew. Producers also manage the budget and coordinate postproduction, from editing to film promotion.22 Kennedy and Marshall co-founded Amblin Entertainment with renowned director Steven Spielberg in 1981 and together formed the Kennedy/Marshall Company in 1992. Kennedy and Marshall have produced some of the most iconic films of the late twentieth-century, including numerous films directed by Spielberg. Marshall appears to have purchased the subject property around 1983 and sold the property in 2003. Kathleen Kennedy is assumed to have lived there from 1987, the year of her marriage to Marshall, to 2003. 247 20th Street was the couple’s home during the early years of their success in the film industry.
While living at the subject property, Marshall produced Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (executive producer, 1984), Gremlins (executive producer, 1984), Back to the Future (executive producer, 1985), The Color Purple (producer, 1985), Who Framed Roger Rabbit (producer, 1988), Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (executive producer, 1989), and the Sixth Sense (producer, 1999), The Bourne Identity (executive producer, 2002), and Seabiscuit (producer, 2003) among others. 23 Meanwhile, Kennedy produced a number of films during this period, including Who Framed Roger Rabbit (executive producer, 1988), Schindler’s List (executive producer, 1993), Jurassic Park (producer, 1993), and The Sixth Sense (producer, 1999), and Seabiscuit (producer, 2003).24
The films produced by Marshall and Kennedy during their residency at the subject property include both iconic and high grossing franchises (Back to the Future, Indiana Jones, Jurassic Park) and critically acclaimed dramas (The Color Purple,
22 Ian Crouch, “What Does a Hollywood Producer Do, Exactly?” Slate, February 20, 2009, accessed December 4, 2015, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2009/02/what_does_a_hollywood_producer_do_ exactly.html. 23 “Frank Marshall,” Internet Movie Database, accessed December 4, 2015, http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0550881/. 24 “Kathleen Kennedy,” Internet Movie Database, accessed December 4, 2015.
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The Sixth Sense, Schindler’s List, Seabiscuit). Kennedy has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture eight times, twice during her residency at the subject property.25 Marshall has been a nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture five times, with three nominations during his years at the subject property.26 Marshall appears to have purchased the subject property not long after he, Kennedy, and Spielberg co-founded Amblin Entertainment, suggesting that the purchase of the home was directly related to the success Marshall found with Amblin and his work in the early 1980s. Furthermore, Kennedy and Marshall founded their own production company, the Kennedy/Marshall Company in 1992, while living at the subject property. The Kennedy/Marshall Company has gone on to produce a number of critically acclaimed and award-winning films, including The Sixth Sense (1999), Seabiscuit (2003), Munich (2005), The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (2007), The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008), War Horse (2011), and Lincoln (2012).27
Both Kennedy and Marshall have continued successful careers in the film industry, for which the foundation was laid during their years at the subject property. Marhsall is now the sole principal at the Kennedy/Marshall company and continues to work as a film producer. Most recently he produced the record-breaking Jurassic World (2015).28 Kennedy was hand-picked by George Lucas to succeed him as the head of Lucasfilm in 2012, and is the producer of the highly-anticipated Star Wars: The Force Awakens, the sequel to Lucas’s ground-breaking original Star Wars trilogy. Kennedy is also notable as one of a very limited number of female producers in the film industry, having worked her way up from a position as Spielberg’s secretary to become one of the most influential women in Hollywood. According to Fortune magazine, which listed Kennedy as number 42 on their “Most Powerful Women” list for 2015, states that “…Kennedy is the most prolific female filmmaker in Hollywood, having produced 77 movies in a nearly 40-year career…Collectively these movies have raked in more than $11 billion in worldwide box-office sales and garnered 120 Academy Award nominations.”29 Additionally, Kennedy is Vice President of the Board of Governors and sits on the Board of Trustees of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences.30
The subject property was also briefly the home of producer Bernie T. Williams, who worked on a number of important films during his career. However, the subject
25 “Kathleen Kennedy,” Academy Awards Database, www.oscars.org, accessed December 4, 2015, http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/DisplayMain.jsp?curTime=1449217252680. 26 “Frank Marshall,” Academy Awards Database, www.oscars.org, accessed December 4, 2015, http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/DisplayMain.jsp?curTime=1449217304892. 27 IMDB/Lucasfilm Bio 28 “Frank Marshall,” Internet Movie Database, accessed December 4, 2015, http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0550881/. 29 Michael Rev-Lam, “How the Star Wars producer went from secretary to studio boss,” Fortune, “Most Powerful Women,” accessed December 4, 2015, http://fortune.com/2015/09/10/kathleen-kennedy-lucasfilm- star-wars/. 30 “Board of Trustees,” www.oscars.org, accessed December 4, 2015, http://www.oscars.org/about/board-of- trustees. “Board of Governors,” www.oscars.org, accessed December 4, 2015, http://www.oscars.org/about/board-of- governors.
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property is not associated with the main portion of his productive life as a Hollywood producer, as Williams lived at the subject property at the very end of his life, and is therefore not significant for its association with him.
Kennedy and Marshall, who are relatively recent residents of the subject property, appear to be significant personages. The City of Santa Monica does not place age limits on significant individuals’ accomplishments. However, the subject property is presently recommended ineligible under this criterion for its association with Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall because their careers are still productive. It would be more appropriate to evaluate the property’s eligibility under this criterion in the future (preferably 25 or more years from now) when Kennedy and Marshall’s achievements can be better assessed.
9.36.100(a) (4) It embodies distinguishing architectural characteristics valuable to a study of a period, style, method of construction, or the use of indigenous materials or craftsmanship, or is a unique or rare example of an architectural design, detail or historical type valuable to such a study.
A modest example of a Tudor Revival residence, the subject property exhibits a few character-defining features of the style, including a side-gable roof, a front gable, false half-timbering, and slender multi-light windows. The residence has a high degree of integrity; additions appear to have been realized with sensitivity and are not visible from the public right of way on 20th Street.
However, unlike better examples in Santa Monica and throughout the United States, the subject property is lacking in the following ways:
. The roof is moderately, not steeply, pitched; . Decorative half-timbering is limited to the front gable; . The chimney is not prominent; . The primary exterior material is stucco (contrasting materials such as brick masonry and rusticated stone are not used); . The entrance does not consist of a round or Tudor arch; . And finally, the two tall, narrow windows on the primary elevation are surmounted by pointed arches, not Tudor arches. The subject property is one of thirteen Tudor Revival residences in the District of 199 houses. Within the larger context of the City of Santa Monica, the subject property is not a unique or rare example of the Tudor Revival type. It should be noted that many similar properties have been demolished or substantially altered in the vicinity of the subject property and that increased development pressure in the surrounding area may make this building type much less common. At the present time, however, the subject property does not meet this criterion.
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9.36.100(a) (5) It is a significant or a representative example of the work or product of a notable builder, designer or architect.
The subject property was built by original owner and contractor George “Geo” A. Bloomquist. However, there is no indication that Bloomquist was a notable builder in early twentieth-century Santa Monica. Therefore, the subject property does not appear to meet this criterion.
9.36.100(a) (6) It has a unique location, a singular physical characteristic, or is an established and familiar visual feature of a neighborhood, community or the City.
The subject property is removed from its original location and currently located on a quiet residential street away from Santa Monica’s main thoroughfares. Views of the primary elevation are partially obscured by a large tree. Some of the physical characteristics of the residence, such as the projecting second floor supported by brackets, are architectural interesting but not otherwise visually distinctive. The subject property does not have a unique location or a singular physical characteristic, and is not an established and familiar visual feature of a neighborhood, community or the City; therefore the subject property does not appear to meet this criterion.
F. Conclusion
PCR recommends that 247 20th Street retain its eligibility status as a contributor to the potential Gillette’s Regent Square District which represents the pre-World War II development of Santa Monica when Period Revival styles were extremely popular. The subject property retains a high level of integrity and is associated with Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall who appear to be significant personages. However, the property is presently recommended ineligible for its association with Kennedy and Marshall because their careers are productive. PCR recommends future evaluation (preferably 25 or more years from now) when Kennedy and Marshall’s achievements can be better assessed. At this time, however, 247 20th Street should continue to be assigned a NRHP status code of 5D3, “appears to be a contributor to a district that appears eligible for local listing or designation through survey evaluation.
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V. BIBLIOGRAPHY
“Annual Register, University of Illinois, 1923-24.” Mocavo Records. http://www.mocavo.com/Annual-Register-University-of-Illinois-1923-24-Volume- 1923-24/878199/415 (accessed September 28, 2015).
“Board of Trustees,” www.oscars.org, http://www.oscars.org/about/board-of-trustees (accessed December 4, 2015)..
“Board of Governors,” www.oscars.org, http://www.oscars.org/about/board-of-governors (accessed December 4, 2015).
City of Santa Monica Building and Safety Department. Building Permits.
City of Santa Monica Historical Resources Inventory 1985-86 Final Report. Santa Monica Historical Resources Inventory Phase 3 Final Report.
City of Santa Monica, Planning & Community Development. “Historic Resources Inventory.” 2008-2010. http://www.smgov.net/Departments/PCD/Historic-Resources- Inventory/.
Crouch, Ian. “What Does a Hollywood Producer Do, Exactly?” Slate, February 20, 2009, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2009/02/what_does_a Hollywood_producer_do_exactly.html (accessed December 4, 2015).
Dagan, Carmel. “Producer of ‘Manhunter,’ ‘Daredevil,’ Dies at 72.”Vanity Fair Online, (January 12, 2015). http://variety.com/2015/film/news/bernie-williams-producer-of- manhunter-daredevil-dies-at-72-1201403289/ (accessed September 30,2015).
“Frank Marshall,” Internet Movie Database,, http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0550881/ (accessed December 4, 2015).
“Frank Marshall,” Academy Awards Database, www.oscars.org, http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/DisplayMain.jsp?curTime=14492173 04892 (accessed December 4, 2015).
Garcia-Meyers, Sandra. “Frank Marshall.” Film Reference. http://www.filmreference.com/Writers-and-Production-Artists-Lo-Me/Marshall- Frank.html (accessed September 29, 2015).
IMDB/Lucasfilm Bio
“James P. Maniscalco.” Attorney Profiles, Towle Denison Smith & Maniscalco LLP. http://www.tdsmlaw.com/attorney-profiles.html (accessed September 28, 2015)
“Kathleen Kennedy,” Internet Movie Database (accessed December 4, 2015).
“Kathleen Kennedy,” Academy Awards Database, www.oscars.org,
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http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/DisplayMain.jsp?curTime=1449217252680 (accessed December 4, 2015)
“Laura Bloomquist Billerbeck.” Ancestry.com (accessed September 28, 2015).
Lev-Ram, Michael. “How the Star Wars Producer Went from Secretary to Studio Boss.” Fortune Online, (September 10, 2015). http://fortune.com/2015/09/10/kathleen- kennedy-lucasfilm-star-wars/ (accessed October 5, 2015).
“Longtime Santa Monica Resident.” Santa Monica Outlook, June 23, 1978.
McAlester, Virginia Savage. A Field Guide to American Houses (Revised Edition). New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013.
Michelson, Alan. “Ernst Ray C. Billerbeck.” Pacific Coast Architecture Directory (PCAD). http://pcad.lib.washington.edu/person/4778/ (accessed September 28, 2015).
National Park Service. National Register Bulletin: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation. Washington DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Interagency Resources Division, 1990.
“Prominent Architect Honored by Engineers.” Los Angeles Times, January 1, 1956.
Rev-Lam, Michael. “How the Star Wars producer went from secretary to studio boss,”
Fortune, “Most Powerful Women,” http://fortune.com/2015/09/10/kathleen-kennedy- lucasfilm-star-wars/ (accessed December 4, 2015).
Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, City of Santa Monica.
Scott, Paula A. Santa Monica: A History on the Edge. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2004.
The Santa Monica Blue Book. (all editions).
The Santa Monica Community Books. (all editions).
The Santa Monica City Directory, 1933-1960.
1221-1223 11th Street City Landmark Assessment and Evaluation Report page 30 APPENDIX
A – Professional Qualifications
B – Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, 1918-1950 (Sheet 59)
C – Assessor Index Map
D – Assessor Parcel Map
E – DPR Form, 2008 (247 20th Street)
F – DPR Form, 2008 (Gillette’s Regent Square District)
G – Building Permits
Appendix A - Professional Qualifications
Education Margarita Jerabek, Ph.D. Ph.D., Art History, University of California, Los Angeles, 2005
ASSOCIATE PRINCIPAL, DIRECTOR OF HISTORIC RESOURCES M.A., Architectural History, School of Architecture, University of Virginia, SUMMARY Charlottesville, 1991 Margarita Jerabek has 25 years of professional practice in the United States Certificate of Historic Preservation, with an extensive background in historic preservation, architectural history, School of Architecture, University of art history and decorative arts, and historical archaeology. She specializes in Virginia, Charlottesville, 1991 Visual Art and Culture, 19th‐20th Century American Architecture, Modern and Contemporary Architecture, Architectural Theory and Criticism, Urbanism, B.A., Art History, Oberlin College, and Cultural Landscape, and is a regional expert on Southern California Oberlin, Ohio, 1983 architecture. Her qualifications and experience meet and exceed the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards in History, Archaeology, Awards/Recognition and Architectural History. She has managed and conducted a wide range of 2014 Preservation Award, The technical studies in support of environmental compliance projects, developed Dunbar Hotel, L.A. Conservancy preservation and conservation plans, and implemented preservation treatment 2014 Westside Prize, The Dunbar projects for public and private clients in California and throughout the United Hotel, Westside Urban Forum, States. 2014Design Award: Tongva Park & EXPERIENCE Ken Genser Square, Westside Urban Dr. Jerabek has prepared a broad range of environmental documentation and Forum conducted preservation projects throughout the Los Angeles metropolitan area 2012 California Preservation and Southern California counties. She provides expert assistance to public Foundation Award, RMS Queen Mary agencies and private clients in environmental review, from due diligence through Conservation Management Plan, planning/design review and permitting and when necessary, implements California Preservation Foundation mitigation and preservation treatment measures on behalf of her clients. As primary investigator and author of hundreds of technical reports, plan review Professional Affiliations documents, preservation and conservation plans, HABS/HAER/HALS reports, California Preservation Foundation construction monitoring reports, salvage reports and relocation plans, she is a Santa Monica Conservancy highly experienced practitioner and expert in addressing historical resources issues while supporting and balancing project goals. Los Angeles Conservancy
She is an expert in the evaluation, management and treatment of historic Society of Architectural Historians properties for compliance with Sections 106 and 110 of the NHPA, NEPA, National Trust for Historic Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act, CEQA, and local Preservation Leadership Forum ordinances and planning requirements. Dr. Jerabek regularly performs assessments to ensure conformance with the Secretary of the Interior’s American Institute of Architects Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties, and assists clients with (AIA), National Allied Member adaptive reuse/rehabilitation projects by providing preservation design and American Architectural Foundation treatment consultation, agency coordination, legally defensible documentation, construction monitoring and conservation treatment. Association for Preservation Technology She is a regional expert on Southern California architecture. She has prepared a broad range of environmental documentation and conducted preservation projects throughout the Los Angeles metropolitan area as well as in Ventura, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino and San Diego counties. Beyond her technical skill, Dr. Jerabek is a highly experienced project manager with broad national experience throughout the United States. She currently manages PCR’s on‐call preservation services with the City of Santa Monica, County of San Bernardino Department of Public Works, City of Hermosa Beach, Los Angeles Unified School District, and Long Beach Unified School District.
PCR SERVICES CORPORATION Education Amanda Kainer, M.S. M.S., Historic Preservation (Emphasis: Conservation Science), SENIOR ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN Columbia University, New York, New York, 2008 SUMMARY B.S., Design (Emphasis: Interior Architecture), University of Amanda Kainer has more than eight years of professional and academic California, Davis, 2002 experience in the practice of historic preservation and architectural history. Ms. Kainer has conducted extensive archival research, field observation, B.A., Art History, University of California, Davis, 2002 recordation, and prepared survey documentation and assisted in database management for numerous PCR historic resources projects. She has training Awards/Recognition and substantial experience in the evaluation and conservation of art and Joel Polsky Academic Achievement architecture and passion for interior design. Award, American Society of Interior Designers, 2008 EXPERIENCE Ms. Kainer has completed and co‐authored a wide range of architectural Continuing Education investigations including historic resources assessment and impacts analysis CEQA and Historic Resources: reports for compliance with CEQA, character‐defining features reports, plan Thresholds, Mitigation & Case reviews, investment tax credit applications, Section 106 significance evaluations, Studies, California Preservation and HABS documentations. She has also performed extensive research, survey Foundation Workshop, March 2011 work, and prepared numerous landmark and preliminary assessment reports as a part of PCR’s On‐Call Historic Preservation Contract with the City of Santa Monica. Professional Affiliations California Preservation Foundation She is involved a diverse set of projects and analyses. These include anything from a California Register nomination for the UCLA Faculty Center to a paint analysis Los Angeles Conservancy for a Churrigueresque style 1920s commercial building in Santa Monica. She has Santa Monica Conservancy co‐authored Section 106 reports for the residential development in Thousand (Volunteer Docent for the Shotgun Oaks, Santa Monica Pier, Avalon Fuel Dock on Catalina Island, and a Mid‐Century House) roadside motel in Bakersfield. For LAUSD, Ms. Kainer authored a character‐ defining features analysis for seven historic schools, provided historic analysis Docomomo SoCal for an MND, and preliminary resource evaluations and plan reviews for various Association of Preservation historic schools. Technology Western Chapter Historic Resources Assessments: Ms. Kainer has contributed to the research, site inspections, and report preparation of a number of historic resources assessments in the Los Angeles metropolitan area for compliance with CEQA. Ms. Kainer has evaluated a number of different types of potential historical resources, including single‐family and multi‐family residences, banks, commercial buildings, schools, hotels, and cultural landscapes in Beverly Hills, Venice, Los Angeles, and Santa Monica. Large Scale Survey Experience: She was a contributing author for three major Community Redevelopment Agency of the City of Los Angeles– Adelante Eastside, Wilshire Center/Koreatown, and Normandie 5 Redevelopment Areas. Ms. Kainer also served as PCR Survey Team Leader and co‐author for the comprehensive survey of over 4,000 objects of fine and decorative arts aboard the RMS Queen Mary in Long Beach. Additionally, Ms. Kainer helped complete the district‐wide survey and evaluation of the Long Beach Unified School District and a windshield survey of Hermosa Beach for the Historic Resources Chapter of the Hermosa Beach General Plan Update.
PCR SERVICES CORPORATION Education Virginia Harness, M.A. M.A., American Architectural History University of Virginia, Charlottesville, ASSISTANT ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN 2014 Certificate in Historic Preservation, SUMMARY University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia Harness has one year of professional experience and two years of 2014 academic experience in the practice of historic preservation and B.A., Liberal Arts, St. John’s College, architectural history. Additionally, her professional background includes a Annapolis, Maryland, 2011 year of professional experience in archival work and a summer of training in archaeology. She has also worked in the field of public history, conducting oral Continuing Education history interviews and creating a museum exhibit. Section 106: A Guide to Federal She earned her M.A. in Architectural History and Certificate in Historic Protections for Historic Properties, Preservation from the University of Virginia (UVA) where she studied under California Preservation Foundation architectural historian Dr. Richard Guy Wilson (thesis advisor) and Workshop, May 2015 preservationist Dr. Daniel Bluestone. Her wide range of work across CEQA: How it Really Works, preservation and history fields brings a depth of experience to her current work California Preservation Foundation in historic resources. Workshop, May 2015 EXPERIENCE Professional Affiliations Ms. Harness has extensive experience in archival research, first as an archivist Society of Architectural Historians with the Brethren Historical Library and Archives and during her time as a California Preservation Foundation student at UVA. While at UVA she worked on the Historic American Building Survey (HABS) recordation of Little Mountain Farm in Albemarle County and was Los Angeles Conservancy a contributing author of the National Register Nomination for a corridor in Dillwyn, Virginia to assess its eligibility for listing as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places. As a public history intern with Historic Vienna, Inc. in northern Virginia, she designed and created a small scale museum exhibit which included traditional board mounted displays and a touch‐screen interface. Since commencing work at PCR, first as an intern and now as a technician, she has worked on historic resources assessment and impacts analysis reports, character‐defining features reports, plan reviews, and HABS documentation for projects in the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area. Recent projects include HABS documentation, plan review, and construction monitoring for a late 19th century residence in Laguna Beach; a historic resource assessment and impacts analysis report for a new construction project in the Old Pasadena historic district; research for an impact report for a pipeline in San Diego County; historic resource assessments for buildings in Los Angeles, Laguna Beach, South Pasadena and Santa Monica; and a peer review of a Los Angeles Historical‐Cultural Monument Application. Additionally, Ms. Harness has assisted in the completion of character defining features analysis, most recently for seven historic schools within LAUSD, and also recently completed an architectural survey of the RMS Queen Mary in Long Beach.
PCR SERVICES CORPORATION Education Adam F. Rajper M.S. Historic Preservation, Columbia University, New York, New York, 2008 ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN TECHNICIAN Bachelor of Architecture, California SUMMARY State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Adam Rajper is an architectural historian experienced in the research and 2004 education of cultural resources in the United States and abroad. His Professional Affiliations combination of degrees provides him with a broad and advantageous skill set, including strong documentation and research skills, as well as the ability Preservation Alumni to approach preservation from an interdisciplinary perspective. Society of Architectural Historians
EXPERIENCE Awards/Recognition Mr. Rajper has worked as an assistant in architectural firms throughout Robert C. Weinberg Award for Southern California, most recently KTGY Group, Inc. in Irvine, as well as a Excellence in Preservation Planning preservation consultant in South Asia and the Middle East. While receiving his and Design, 2008 architectural training, Mr. Rajper interned at the Los Angeles Conservancy where William Kinne Fellows Traveling he helped prepare National Register Nominations. Prize, 2008 Mr. Rajper has a strong interest in the history and theory of historic preservation, Alpha Rho Chi Medal for Leadership, both in the United States and abroad. In 2012, he completed a course offered by Service, and Merit, 2004 the Critical Conservation Program at Harvard’s Graduate School of Design and taught by Philadelphia‐based architects and cultural and architectural historians, Susan Snyder and Dr. George Thomas. As part of that course, Mr. Rajper examined the origins of the preservation movement in the American Southwest, including Southern California. Mr. Rajper also has a passion for earthen architecture. As a graduate student, he documented historic mud brick palaces in Tarim, Yemen under the auspices of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation and Columbia University. He has conducted extensive research on adobe buildings throughout Southern California and is currently receiving training in earthen construction through Adobe in Action, a New Mexico‐based non‐profit organization. In addition to his experience in architecture and preservation, Mr. Rajper has taught undergraduate and graduate seminars on architectural history in Cairo, Egypt. He has also worked as a research and teaching assistant, under the direction of faculty affiliated with the History, Theory, and Criticism of Architecture Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. At Columbia, he focused on architectural conservation and studied under noted conservators, Dr. George Wheeler and Norman Weiss.
PCR SERVICES CORPORATION Education Stephanie Hodal Candidate, Master of Heritage Conservation, University of Southern ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN INTERN California School of Architecture, 2016
SUMMARY Certificate of Historic Preservation, Stephanie Hodal is an experienced professional with expertise in Boston Architectural College, 2009 communications for the architectural and engineering sector. She will apply A.B., American Studies, Smith College, her corporate communication and marketing expertise and academic Northhampton, Massachusetts, 1980 experience in historic preservation/conservation to support the Historic Resources Division. Continuing Education Historic Real Estate Finance + Real RELEVANT COURSEWORK Estate Deal Structuring, National History of the American City Trust for Historic Preservation, History of American Architecture and Urbanism Philadelphia PA + Washington DC Cross Cultural Issues in Landscape Design Topics in Modern Architecture in Southern California Global History of Architecture to 1500
Introduction to Historic Site Documentation Fundamentals of Historic Preservation Historic Preservation Management, Planning and Development Historic Preservation Philosophy
Conservation Methods and Materials Historic Materials and Construction Sustainable Conservation of the Built Environment
Smart Growth Planning Urban Villages Design Skills for Urban Planners Introduction to City Planning Communicating City Design
PCR SERVICES CORPORATION
Appendix B - Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, 1918- 1950 (Sheet 59)
Appendix C – Assessor Index Map
Appendix D – Assessor Parcel Map
Appendix E – DPR Form, 2008 (247 20th Street)
State of California -- The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HR # Trinomial PRIMARY RECORD NRHP Status Code 5D3 Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date
Page 1 of 2 * Resource Name or #: 247 20th St P1. Other Identifier: * P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted a. County Los Angeles b. USGS 7.5' Quad Date T ; R ; 1/4 of 1/4 of Sec ; B.M. c. Address 247 20th St City SANTA MONICA CA Zip 90402 d. UTM: (Give more than one for large and/or linear feature) Zone , mE/ mN e. Other Locational Data: (e.g. parcel #, legal description, directions to resource, elevation, additional UTMs, etc. as appro APN(s): 4279001019
* P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries.) Designed in the Tudor Revival style, this one- and two-story single family residence features a steeply-pitched cross gable roof with composition shingles. The residence has a stucco finish with half timbering on the second story gable end. The primary (west) façade is obscured from view due to mature growth bushes and trees. The elevation has large round arch multi-pane windows, and a slightly projecting gable end that reveals supportive wood brackets and two paired diamond pane windows in a wood surround. A concrete driveway runs along the southern parcel boundary, leading to a rear one-story garage with a stucco finish and round wood garage door. The dwelling exhibits a high level of physical integrity.
* P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP02 Single Family Property * P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.) P5a. Photograph or Drawing P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date, etc.) 12/01/2008
* P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Prehistoric Historic Both 1925
* P7. Owner and Address: Williams,bernie T 21201 Victory Blvd Ste #225 Canoga Park Ca, 913030000
* P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, address) P. Moruzzi, M. Potter, K. Lain ICF International 811 W 7th Street, Suite 800 Los Angeles, CA 90017 * P9. Date Recorded: 12/15/2008 * P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Reconaissance-Level Survey
* P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report/other sources or "none") Santa Monica Citywide Historic Resources Inventory Update Final Report, prepared for City of Santa Monica by ICF Intl, 2010 * Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record Other: (List) * Required Information DPR 523A (1/95) 247 20th St
State of California -- The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HR # BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 2 of 2 * NRHP Status Code 5D3 * Resource Name or #: 247 20th St B1. Historic Name: None B2. Common Name: None B3. Original Use: Single Family Residence B4. Present Use: Single Family Residence * B5. Architectural Style: Tudor Revival * B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations.) 1925: Single-family residence for G. A. Bloomquist, no architect listed, G. A. Bloomquist Builder. Cost: $6,000
* B7. Moved? No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location: * B8. Related Features:
B9a. Architect: Not identified b. Builder: G. A. Bloomquist * B10. Significance: Theme Area Period of Significance 1925 Property Type Applicable Criteria A.1 (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.) A.1 - Contributes to a district that exemplifies, symbolizes, or manifests elements of the cultural, social, economic, political or architectural history of the City. G. A. Bloomquist is recorded as having built the resource. The architectural design is attributed to Not Identified. This represents a very good example of a Tudor Revival style dwelling with a high degree of integrity that contributes to a potential Gillette's Regent Square district in Santa Monica. Although the original building permit identifies G.A. Bloomquist as the owner, city directories show that Laura H. Johnson was the first occupant. No occupation was given.
B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes): HP02 Single Family Property * B12. References: (Sketch map with north arrow required) Basten, Fred. 'Santa Monica Bay: Paradise By the Sea'; Los Angeles County Tax Assessor Records; McAlester, Virginia and Lee. 'A Field Guide to American Houses;' Sanborn Maps. Santa Monica City Building Permits. Santa Monica Public Library Collections.
B13. Remarks:
* B14. Evaluator: P. Moruzzi, M. Potter, K. Lain ICF International Date of Evaluation: 12/15/2008 (This space reserved for official comments.)
Appendix F – DPR Form, 2008 (Gillette’s Regent Square District)
State of California -- The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HR # Trinomial PRIMARY RECORD NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date 12/9/2008
Page1 of 1 * Resource Name or #: Gillette's Regent Square District P1. Other Identifier: Gillette's Regent Square District * P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted a. County Los Angeles b. USGS 7.5' Quad Date T ; R ; 1/4 of 1/4 of Sec ; B.M. c. Address100-700 Blks 17th St - 21st Place CitySanta Monica Zip 90402 d. UTM: (Give more than one for large and/or linear feature) Zone , mE/ mN e. Other Locational Data: (e.g. parcel #, legal description, directions to resource, elevation, additional UTMs, etc. as app
* P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries.) The Gillette's Regent Square tract consists of five east-west blocks and five north-south blocks in the northeast portion of the City of Santa Monica. Of the tract's 566 parcels, 199 of them appear to be contributors to a potential Gillette's Regent Square district of single-family residences constructed between 1913 and 1941 with the majority built in the 1920s. Together the 199 contributing properties within the Gillette's Regent Square tract constitute a significant concentration of associated historical resources that appear to qualify as a viable historic district in the City of Santa Monica. The contributing properties consist of attractive one- and two-story dwellings designed primarily in the Spanish Colonial Revival style, although examples of Colonial Revival, English Revival, Tudor Revival, and French Revival style houses are represented throughout the tract. Contributors share similar lot sizes and setbacks, typically have driveways leading to detached rear parking garages, and large front yards with mature landscaping.
Non-contributing properties situated within the district’s boundaries exhibit substantially compromised physical integrity or a construction date outside the district’s 1913-1941 period of significance. The district’s boundaries contain a historically and architecturally consistent grouping of single-family residences erected primarily in the 1920s and 1930s that embody the response to growing population pressures in Santa Monica during that time period. * P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP 2. Single-Family Property * P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.) P5a. Photograph or Drawing (Photograph required for buildings, structures, and objects) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date, etc.)
* P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Prehistoric Historic Both
1913 - 1941 Tax assr & bldg permits * P7. Owner and Address: Private
* P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, address) Peter Moruzzi Jones & Stokes 811 W 7th ST, Suite 800 Los Angeles, CA 90017 * P9. Date Recorded: 12/9/2008 * P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive level survey
* P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report/other sources or "none") City of SM, "Hist Res Inventory/Phase 3," L. Heumann, 1993. * Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record Other: (List) DPR 523A (1/95) * Required Information State of California The Resources Agency Primary# DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# DISTRICT RECORD Trinomial
Page 2 of *NRHP Status Code 5S3 *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) Gillette’s Regent Square District D1. Historic Name: None D2.Common Name: Gillette’s Regent Square District *D3. Detailed Description (Discuss overall coherence of the district, its setting, visual characteristics, and minor features. List all elements of district.):
The Gillette’s Regent Square District consists of 199 one- and two-story single-family dwellings (out of 566 total parcels) constructed between the years 1913 and 1941 all of which reflect the revival architectural styles that were popular during that time period. The district’s contributing residences are located within the historical boundaries of the Gillette’s Regent Square tract, which are the east side of 17th Street, the west side of 21st Place, San Vicente Boulevard, and Montana Avenue. The tract consists of a regular grid of five north-south blocks and five east-west blocks (25 blocks in total). The tract is mostly flat except for the streets nearest San Vicente Boulevard that rise and dip toward the thoroughfare. Impressive mature street trees of various species shade the wide neighborhood streets, which feature concrete sidewalks and landscaped medians. The tract’s dwellings were built to accommodate the strong demand for middle- and upper middle class housing arising from the economic growth of Santa Monica in the late 1920s and early 1930s when the widespread adoption of the automobile allowed relatively convenient access to the city and places of employment. All of the contributing properties exhibit high levels of physical and historic integrity.
District Contributors and Non-Contributors: See Appendix 6.
*D4. Boundary Description (Describe limits of district and attach map showing boundary and district elements.):
The Gillette’s Regent Square District is situated within the boundaries of the entirety of the Gillette’s Regent Square Tract, a 25 block area bordered by the east side of 17th Street, the west side of 21st Place, the south side of San Vicente Boulevard, and the north side of Montana Avenue, inclusive.
*D5. Boundary Justification:
The district’s boundaries were selected because they contain the entirety of historical resources associated with the development of the Gillette’s Regent Square tract.
D6. Significance: Theme Single-family residential development Area Northeast Santa Monica Period of Significance 1913-1941 Applicable Criteria N/A (Discuss district's importance in terms of its historical context as defined by theme, period of significance, and geographic scope. Also address the integrity of the district as a whole.)
(Continued on page 3)
*D7. References (Give full citations including the names and addresses of any informants, where possible.):
(See References)
*D8. Evaluator: Peter Moruzzi Date: December, 2008 Affiliation and Address: Jones & Stokes, 811 W. 7th St., Suite 800, Los Angeles, CA 90017
DPR 523D(1/95) *Required information
Appendix G – Building Permits