ARGONAUTA

The Newsletter of

The Canadian Nautical Research Society

Volume XII, Number One January 1995 ARGONAUTA

Founded 1984 by Kenneth S. Mackenzie ISSN No. 0843-8544

EDITORS

Lewis R. FISCHER Olaf U. JANZEN

MANAGING EDITOR

Margaret M. GULLIVER

HONORARY EDITOR

Gerald E. PANTING

ARGONAUTA EDITORIAL OFFICE

Maritime Studies Research Unit Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, NF AIC 5S7 Telephones: (709) 737-2602/(709) 737-8424 FAX: (709) 737-8427

ARGONAUTA is published four times per year in January, April, July and October and is edited for the Canadian Nautical Research Society within the Maritime Studies Research Unit at Memorial University of Newfoundland.

THE CANADIAN NAUTICAL RESEARCH SOCIETY

Honorary President: Niels JANNASCH, Halifax

Executive Officers Liaison Committee President: Faye KERT, Ottawa Past President: W.A.B.DOUGLAS, Ottawa Chair: William GLOVER, Markdale Vice-President: M. Stephen SALMON, Ottawa Atlantic: David FLEMMING, Halifax Vice-President: Olaf U. JANZEN, Comer Brook Quebec: Eileen R. MARCIL, Charlesbourg Councillor: Garth S. WILSON, Ottawa Ontario: Maurice D. SMITH, Kingston Councillor: John SUMMERS, Toronto Western: Christon I. ARCHER, Calgary Councillor: Marven MOORE, Halifax Pacific: John MACFARLANE, Victoria Councillor: William GLOVER, Ottawa Arctic: D. Richard VALPY, Yellowknife Secretary: Lewis R. FISCHER, St. John's Treasurer: G. Edward REED, Ottawa

CNRS MAILING ADDRESS

Annual Membership including four issues of ARGONAUTA P.O. Box 21076 and four issues of The Northern Mariner: Individuals, $30; 15 IA Second Ave. Institutions, $55. Ottawa, ON KIS 5N I JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA

Perhaps you might consider leaving IN TIDS ISSUE your issue of ARGONAUTA out at the office for others to read and enjoy. Or loaning the latest Northern Mariner/Le Editorial 1 Marin du nord to someone who might President's Report 1 be interested. Many of our maritime Argonauta Mailbag 2 museum members have been displaying Articles membership brochures in their - Eric Ruff, "A Letter from the Belmont" 3 museums over the summer, and I am - R.F. Latimer, "Global Marine Distress Safety sure they have generated interest in the System False Alarms" 5 society with their visitors. Columns - Robin H. Wyllie, "Maritime Steam Passenger Vessels: Thanks to the able stewardship of our SS Amelia 7 Treasurer, Ed Reed, CNRS is also in a relatively sound financial position. - John MacFarlane, "Floating Heritage: West & North" 9 Many took advantage of last year's - Eric Ruff, "The Titanic Exhibit: A Brief Review" 10 membership pre-payment offer and paid Research Report up to three years in advance to avoid - Claire Ryan and Bob Elliott, "Report on the Falkland an increase in dues. This money has Island Expedition" 11 been carefully invested and the society Argonauta News 13 is already earning interest on its equity. Conferences and Calls for Papers 20 Around The Maritime Journals 21 In addition to paying dues, many of Diary 26 you gave generous tax-deductible dona­ Personal News 35 tions to the Journal Fund, the Young Archives and Museum News 37 Scholars Trust Fund, the Matthews Awards Trust Fund, or General Funds. News from Maritime Societies and Organizations 40 Each of these funds contributes to the society's goals of promoting nautical research in Canada, enhancing our un­ We hope that you will take a moment derstanding of maritime heritage, and EDITORIALS to drop us a line about this. While we encouraging a sharing of our know­ know that silence does not necessarily ledge and interest in things maritime (I) imply approval, we can only evaluate with fellow nautical researchers across this experiment through your feedback. the country and around the world. This issue ofARGONAUTA unveils our Regardless of what you tell us, we look Since those society members who are new triple-column format. We have forward to hearing from you. paid up for the next year or two will adopted this new design, quite frankly, not be receiving a dues reminder to enable us to continue to bring you as PRESIDENT'S REPORT notice, I thought I would take this much news and information as possible opportunity to encourage your ongoing without breaking the budget. By mov­ By Faye Kert, President support of the various trust funds ad­ ing to this style we hope to be able to Canadian Nautical Research Society ministered by the society. And for get even more material into each issue those who have been meaning to con­ of the newsletter. In the absence of baseball and with tribute a little extra when they renew hockey not yet fully restored to our their membership, I would like to Since ARGONAUTA is not the first consciousness, those members who like remind you of the importance of these newsletter to make this change, we to keep score of something will be funds to the operation of the society. have been able to avail ourselves of the pleased to learn that the Canadian experience of other publications. But Nautical Research Society is growing For example, it was through member no two publications - or their readers, steadily but surely. As of 1 October donations to the Journal Trust Fund for that matter - are exactly identical. last, we had 255 members, both institu­ that we finally got the first issue of For this reason we think it especially tional and individual, and of these, TNM/LMN to press in 1991. Now it is important that our readers let us know twenty were newcomers to the CNRS one of the few journals of maritime what they think about this format. Is it since last year. In welcoming our new history published anywhere in the pleasing? Does it enable you to find members aboard, I would like to en­ world, and a flagship for the research features easily? Most important, is it courage everyone to think of ways of work of the society. Without the on­ readable? reaching out to an even wider audience. going financial and logistical support of the Maritime Studies Research Unit at 2 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

Memorial University of Newfoundland Such is the case with Mr. Hacking's reviewer, Dr. C.B. Koester, in my there would be no journal, but it is letter. His correction of my building humble view put his finger on every your donations and articles that keep it and replacement information was a point I would have wished to be con­ going. Similarly, the new Young ready reminder to double check second veyed. I am deeply touched that my Scholars Trust Fund is helping to pay hand sources and I was fascinated by little literary venture was so regarded travel expenses for a young scholar to the variance between the East and West in' Canada and I thank you and your attend the 1995 conference ofthe Inter­ Coast versions of how Prince Rupert reviewer for bringing the book to the national Commission for Maritime ended up on the Bay of Fundy. I do, attention of readers in your country. History (ICMH) in Montreal next fall. however, have reservations regarding As the Canadian Subcommission for the the reliability of his source of informa­ Vice Admiral Sir John Hayes ICMH, our society has both the obliga­ tion on the aborted delivery voyage. Wemyss House tion and the privilege of encouraging How a medium-sized cross-channel Nigg, Tain up and coming scholars in the field of steamer with only seventeen day-use Ross-shire IV 19 1QW nautical research. It is through member cabins and crew quarters might have Scotland donations to this fund that we are able accommodated 103 first-class and seven to do so. steerage passengers, and been expected Sirs: to carry them all the way from England The issue of dues is an ongoing source to Vancouver, is beyond imagination. I I am interested in any information of concern for any society, and I can would also suggest that seasonal ice having to do with the 6666-ton British assure members that the prospect of cakes and an occasional floating log tanker La Brea (ON 213909), which dues increases is always hotly debated were acceptable hazards for Bay of was sunk by enemy action off the coast at council meetings. However, it is a Fundy paddle steamers and that Prince of Scotland, 24 August 1940. measure of the support of all members Rupert was no more affected by them that we have had very few people than her predecessors. Had it been Laurie Bonia withdraw from the society over the otherwise, it is unlikely that her PO Box 5 years because of the cost of member­ owners, the Dominion Atlantic Rail­ Colinet, 5MB, NF ship. Based on this evidence of com­ way, would have kept her on the route AOB IMO mitment and interest, I would like to for eighteen years. encourage all members to consider Sirs: making a small (or large!) donation to It is also interesting that the CPR did one of the CNRS trust funds. You can not formally take over the Digby-Saint I have the compass from a World War be sure it will be used to benefit the John service until September 1st, 1913 II Japanese submarine, the /-402. My cause of Canadian nautical research and, rather than dispose of the vessel, father liberated the compass when the whether it's the production of a better "purchased" Prince Rupert from the sub was scuttled by the Americans at journal, the support ofnew scholarship, DAR on September 15th, before plac­ the end of the war. It is encased in a the recognition ofexcellence in nautical ing their much larger St. George on the brass housing (9"w x lO"h x 7"d) with historical writing through the Keith run. This certainly suggests that the a glass window on the front and a Matthews Award or some other need company had a continuing use for carrying handle on the top. The move­ that enhances the society's role nation­ Prince Rupert and, like Mr. Hacking, ment itself is mounted on a "gyro"-type ally or internationally. I too would be most interested to hear bracket. There is a small compartment details of this portion of her career. on the side with a clip which I assume ARGONAUTA MAILBAG would be used to hold a candle for Robin H. Wyllie illumination. There is a nameplate on Sirs: East LaHave the front (in Japanese, of course) that I R.R.3 have been told basically has informa­ Mr. Hacking's letter in the October Bridgewater, Nova Scotia tion regarding the manufacturer. A ARGONAUTA served to remind me that B4V 2W2 friend who is somewhat of a collector I had never taken the opportunity to of World War II paraphernalia, is thank the many readers of my column Sirs: impressed that all of the serial numbers who have written to me over the years on the various components match. He regarding some aspect of its content. A little while ago the publishers of my believes that the compass may have Their comment is always welcome and autobiography of forty-two years in the some value, so naturally I'd be inter­ has, in some instances, resulted in most Royal Navy, Face the Music. A Sail­ ested in finding information on its useful exchanges of information. I am or's Story, sent me a copy of Vol. IV, value as well. particularly grateful to those who, by No. 3 (July 1994) of your admirable pointing out my occasional errors and publication, The Northern MarinerlLe I have been trying without success to omissions, have contributed to my Marin du nord, which contained a most find information on this submarine; all knowledge of the vessel concerned. generous review of my book. Your I know is that the /-402 was one of two JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 3

large subs reputed to be the largest in ARGONAUTA ARTICLES Lat. of Pitcairn Island the weather had the world at the time. It had three been perfect except two days good rain interior decks and carried a small A LEITER FROM THE BELMONT' just before crossing the equator had not seaplane on its top deck. I am an engi­ even a squall. We hoped to sight Pit­ neer by profession (as is my father) and By Eric Ruff, Director/Curator cairn Island last Sunday the 14th but on would be most interested in photo­ Yarmouth County Museum and Archives Friday night it commenced to blow. graphs, drawings (blueprints, etc.), Yarmouth, Nova Scotia Saturday at 4 P.M. we were under technical specifications, and so forth. I goose winged lower top-sails main and have looked for information in the One of the treasures of the Yarmouth fore, blowing a hurricane. It seemed to library, in Jane's, and on the internet County Museum Archives is a collec­ me I had never seen a worse storm but without success. Can your readers tion of letters written by Grace F. Ladd I suppose the disappointment of having suggest where I might obtain infor­ to her father. Grace Ladd was married to give up a chat with the Islanders, mation? My thanks for any assistance. to Captain Frederick A. Ladd, a master was half. One tremendous sea came of several Yarmouth sailing vessels. over sweeping fore and aft. Forrest and Greg Mulholland Following their marriage in 1885 the I sitting in the cabin under the after 230 North Elm Street, Suite 1200 couple went on a "honeymoon voyage" sky-light, were drenched, the sea raised Greensboro, North Carolina, 27401 to Hong Kong in the ship Morning the weather sky-light and came down USA Light. For the next thirty years or so, full force putting out lights, etc. On e-mail: [email protected] Grace Ladd spent a great deal of time deck they fared worse it took all the at sea with her husband. The couple rails off the bridge and threw one life Sirs: had two children: Forrest was born in boat to leeward, tore the chalks away, 1890, and Kathryn was born in 1901. not hurting the boat, however three I would appreciate it if any reader Both children were raised at sea. They men washed against the rail (Ron one could tell me how to get a full set of were among the last Yarmouthians to of them.) I do not believe one of them line drawings and blueprints for Cana­ go to sea in sailing vessels. got even a scratch. All day Saturday, dian tribal-class destroyers in general Sunday and Monday it blew with a and HMCS Iroquois in particular. The "Ladd Corner" of the Yarmouth heavy sea running, we used oil during County Museum features several items the worst of it, and all the time the Donald J. Digout used by the Ladd family at sea. These sailors were bending good sails. We 78 Harriet St. include a significant collection of sou­ did not think to get such a storm there Weiland, ON venirs brought home to Yarmouth from we were still in the S.E. Trades. Have L3B 2H5 foreign ports, photographs of the only seen one sail and that a long way vessels and the family and ship por­ off, bound with us. We are all well Sirs: traits of the vessels involved. This after leaving the Sound Ron was laid display is complemented in the up for a few days with a bad sore A researcher desires to locate any of Archives by additional photographs, throat we applied linseed meal poultices the James Venn Paterson fonds or those charts, and ship's logbooks and, of which relieved him at once, since then of the Seattle Construction and Dry course, by the letters written over the he has been perfectly well. Dock Company. They pertain chiefly to years by Grace Ladd. activities from 1907-1918 and in the Sunday 28th Lat. S.45.30 Long. Puget Sound and British Columbia The following letters are reprinted here W.188. Fine weather all the week area. Eleven boxes of these records with spelling and original punctuation today has been beautiful. Tuesday we were purchased by a dealer from intact. They provide excellent insight sighted the ship Erby of Liverpool from Shorey's in 1984. They were then into life at sea from the viewpoint of Victoria B.C. with a load of salmon for broken into lots and apparently sold to the captain's wife. This particular London. Yesterday we killed our pig various institutions. One of the lots voyage began in 1897 in Tacoma, dressed it weighed 180 Ibs. the largest relating to submarine building in Washington State and ended in Buenos one we have ever had. today had a tine Vancouver was sold to the University Aires; the letters include descriptions of spare rib for dinner we had apple ofBritish Columbia Library. Does any­ a storm, a tragedy, sail handling, brav­ sauce, but squash had to take the place one have any of the other lots for sale? ery, food, Christmas at sea and life in of turnips, the squash have kept well, general. we still have three. Tomorrow I am George Brandak going to make sausage meat and head Special Collections Bark "Belmont" cheese, we are sugar-curing one 15 lb. University of British Columbia Library Lat. S. 35.11 Long. W. 126 ham, more to experiment than anything 1956 Main Mall 21st Nov. 1897 else, if it is good we will cook it for Vancouver, B.C. Dear Papa Christmas. We were all weighed yes­ V6T lZI terday while the scales were out Fred e-mail: [email protected] 59 days out; and until we got in the 2071bs. Mr. Durkee 176 11z Ron 178'1z, 4 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

Forrest 60 and myself 138. I think we course on deck at the time and I am and hauled out the foot of the spanker. are all in good condition to go around going to just copy what he has written She was now making a dead drift; not the Horn. There is a new moon, this is in his journal. "Monday 6th Dec. Lat. going ahead a bit as I wished to keep a perfect night. S.55.40 Long. 78.34W. At 6 P.M. the boat to windward to give them a blowing hard, as the starboard watch square run before the sea coming back. Thursday 2nd. Dec. Lat. S. 50.1 Long. came on deck we hauled the mainsail Rain squalls had shut in blowing hard. W. 97. Today is my 35th birthday I up, all hands went aloft to make it fast. As soon as I wore ship I set the ensign, cannot realize it. The weather is still This sail clews up at the yard arm, they the signal agreed upon to recall the tine Ron said tonight "if this is Cape had furled the sail, all but the clews. boat, but for one hour and a quarter we Horn I would like to be down here all Charlie Ritchie was the outside man, he saw no sign of her, I had given her up. the time." I told him he had better say was down on the foot rope (sitting One must go through this experience to it easy, a gale can come up so quickly down) and passing a turn of the gasket realize how horrible is the feeling. but the sky looks fine and the barom­ around the clew and passing the same Charles Collins was in the main cross eter is high. I had good luck with my to the man inside of him who was trees all this time trying to see the boat, sausage meat and head cheese, have holding the sail on the yard; somehow at last saw her right to windward as the also made mincemeat and prepared the he lost his balance and slipped forward squall cleared steering for the ship. As fruit for the Christmas pudding. I use of the foot rope and came down, he they kept her right before the sea the tinned apple and steak for mince meat held on the gasket, but it was a small boat would run as much as ten feet of and when I make the pies put little rope 1 3/4 in., it slipped through his herself out of water, they got under the pieces of butter in, to take the place of hands and he fell into the sea. As I saw lee of the ship and pulled along side, suet, so you see I have been busy this him fall I rushed aft calling to the man the boat half full of water, but no week. Forrest has his lessons regularly at the wheel (Chris) to put the wheel Charlie, he was gone poor fellow. is getting on pretty well, he likes to hard down, in the meantime I had Twice the water had been up to the talk about when we go home again, just thrown the life buoy to him, it fell thwarts as the sea broke over them had as he used to about meeting Fred at the about 10 ft. from him, he clutched the she filled they were gone, the oil saved boat. He has written a letter to Santa log line, this slipped through his fingers them, it smoothed the water kept the Claus, when Santa came to get the when he came to the log he held it for sea from breaking. One man saw an letter he dropped his mitten in the a moment and this towed him under, as empty life buoy on the top of a sea, grate. he let go the life buoy was close by they went until they lost sight of the him, a few strokes and he got it. When ship in the squalls, and then started Sunday 5th. Lat.S. 54.30 Long. W. 84. I called out put the wheel down, I also back. Poor Mr. Durkee, he said it was Weather still fine with strong westerly said let go top gallant halliards and the hardest thing he ever had to do to breeze, quite a sea running, Forrest topsail halliards, I sent the boy Ali come back without him, and he did not thought he would commence a letter to Chang also Otto Anderson aloft to think it possible they could save them­ Grace today but it was too rough for watch him. We did not try to take in selves. The last the man aloft saw of him. Yesterday I had to read all his any sail but tore the covers off the gig, Charlie he was on the weather quarter letters over to him, he can almost read off gripes and carried the boat over the with the life buoy around him. Several them himself. We have two fires going, deck load to the lee side, and threw her seas had broken over him, he could not the grate keeps the after cabin very over the rail with a single line in each last long as the water was ice cold. Ali comfortable in this weather but in N.Y. end, (the gig is a splendid boat 22 ft. Chang had also thrown a life buoy. last winter Fred had to get a stove. long, they never could have pulled the When the men got back they were most Forrest is getting ready to go to bed he life boat against the sea, or I would exhausted they were gone two hours. does not see much fun in going to bed have sent it). Mr. Durkee and four men Never again would I risk a boat's crew in broad daylight, last night there was John Donnelly, Charles Anderson, Dan in such a sea, it was only Providence daylight in the sky all night long, the Lynch and Phillip Thomas started from that saved them. We lay until 9:30 then sun rises in the morning at 3.30 sets at the ship, I gave them a tin of oil, the wore ship and started. At the time of 8.30. sea was very heavy and breaking badly, the accident we were going ten miles the boat would stand almost on end. an hour with the wind N. by W. fresh Wednesday 8th. Lat.S. 56.20 Long. W. After half an hour we lost sight of the to strong gale steering E.S.E. carrying 68.15. Die Ramirez Island bears S.W. boat, I wore ship at once, we had whole topsails, whole foresail, reefed by W. about 20 miles passed 3 miles clewed top gallant sails up, and clewed fore and main top gallant sails." on the north side of it at 7 P.M. We down the upper fore topsail. In the F.A.L. could see the land also to the north meantime I let her wear round on her with the snow with the setting sun heel hauled main sails aback, clewed I do not see how some people can call shining on it, a fine sight, but we have up the foresail which was badly torn in sailors "dogs" if they could have seen not the heart to enjoy anything, such a the slatting as we had no time to clew the sea those brave men started out in sad accident has happened, poor it up, hauled down the jibs and clewed with a small boat, to try and save that Charlie Ritchie is gone. Fred was of up weather side of lower fore topsail man's life I am sure they never would JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 5

do so again. I did not go on deck until Christmas evening Lat. S. 40.30 Long. plainly and all the ships at anchor. In a Fred said we have lost sight of the boat W. 55.20. We have thought of you all short time a pilot came off in a tow but had hot fires, and lots of hot water at home today, and hoped you were boat since then have been trying to get and blankets ready. When I did go I having a very happy Christmas, not up here it is a beastly place to get to, felt sure she was lost too, it seemed so withstanding head winds and rain the poor sailors are completely tired terrible, the sea was dreadful, we have squalls, we have all enjoyed ourselves, out, Ron knows what real hard work is had nothing like it since we left, except although we have almost given up ever but he has done well and our letters in the hurricane, and not since have getting in. We are in a trap here, we will make us forget everything tomor­ had exceptionally fine weather. have a strong current against us run­ row. I have written to Arth. and Flo, I ning 3 miles an hour, as that is all the know they are so anxious to hear of 11 th Dec. Fred's birthday 39 years old. Belmont can sail now, she is so dirty, Ron and it would be so much longer to We feel such a change in the climate, the outlook is poor, this last week have have to wait to hear from you. Fred so much warmer, we are now in Lat. only neared our port 94 miles. I just and Forrest and Ron join in love to all. 53 S. and Long. 59.5 W. can see plain­ heard the man at the wheel say she ly a small island called Bianchene (7) would not steer so probably before Yours affectionately 30 miles south of the Falklands. Thurs­ tomorrow we will lose some of that. Grace F. Ladd day at 2 A.M.(broad day light) passed Last evening Ron represented Santa 8 miles south Cape Horn, spoke the Claus (Forrest's faith in him is as great P.S. Forrest has not managed to answer English ship "Travancore" from San as ever) the make up was splendid, a his letters has made several attempts Francisco for Queenstown out 60 days, sailor had made a fine large------, with but would get tired he still thinks he on the 9th we had 6 ships in sight alI long new manila rope wig and beard will write. coming east. Yesterday, the 10th, at 3 which was combed out; we were afraid G.F.L. A.M. Mr. Durkee called Fred saying 4 Forrest would recognize Ron by his masted ship astern showing flags. We eyes, but we kept the light turned down Notes knew he wanted something, or a friend, on account of it hurting them, he to signalize at that time, it was the ship changed his voice and acted it out 1. Copyright Yarmouth County "Corinnea" sailed from Tacoma 5 days splendidly, it was really fun for us all. Museum and Archives; printed withh after we. He asked us if we could take We had ginger and sandwiches for him permission. letters for him, of course we were and again Santa was delighted with the pleased to do so, it was a lovely morn­ tree we had ready for him to trim later, GLOBAL MARINE DISTRESS ing, we were just 30 miles South Staten we had already put on the popcorn, SAFETY SYSTEM FALSE ALARMS Island, almost calm, 9 ships in sight 2 tinsel and bags of nuts. Forrest going west. At 6 A.M. Captain Mac­ awakened early this morning and was by R.F. Latimer! Millen and his passenger Mr. McGrady not disappointed in any of his wishes were along side, it was pleasant meet­ everybody was remembered, we invited The relatively new Global Marine ing them again they stayed with us all the sailors in to see the tree and Distress Safety System (GMDSS) of about an hour would not wait for gave them a cigar. The steward gave marine distress signalling from ships at breakfast, so we gave them so hot cho­ who wanted it a strong drink, and for sea via SATCOM is rapidly replacing colate, they brought us a piece of spare the others ginger beer, they had a good the seemingly outdated method that was rib and were so disappointed when they dinner they were supposed to have a previously exercised by ships' Radio found we had just killed a pig. Their holiday instead of which have been Officers using 500 khz. (600 M) and steward had not made any sausage meat hauling yards since 7 A.M. Ron had the International Morse code (CW) so I gave them about 2 Ibs. also some dinner with us, which we all decided mode. Yet it is not without problems of mincemeat and books. Capt. McMillan could not have been better had we been enormous and alarming proportions, to said they had spoken a great many in port, a beef steak pie took the place judge by the reported number of false ships the "Pendeere" one ofthe ships in of turkey but we had squash, mashed alerts that have been transmitted from sight 70 days from Frisco, and one ship potatoes, boiled ham, jelly, etc. Forrest ships at sea and received by Maritime 80 days from Frisco three weeks ago is just going to bed tired out wishing Rescue Coordination Centres (MRCC) sighted the "Brodick Castle" too far off next Christmas was not so far off. ashore. While there does not appear to to signalize, she was sailing very slow­ Good night. exist a global clearing house for the ly he said. Soon after he left us we got numerical calculation of GMDSS false a breeze and separated as we wanted to 30th Dec. We ought to get in soon now alerts, it would appear that MRCC go west of Falkland, but the wind are only 30 miles from Buenos Ayres, handles about thirty to fifty EPIRB headed us so we had to come east. I but have been stuck 4 times already in alerts per day world wide, of which am glad we are bound to the river as the ----, we are drawing more water only a small percentage are "real" or we would make a very long passage than there is in the river. We came to actual distress cases. MRCC at home. Forrest has written a letter to an anchor last evening at 6 in Montevi­ Falmouth, England, a single reporting Grace today. deo Roads, could see the city very station, reports that in 1992 about 98.2 6 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

per cent of distress alerts were "false" system and on equipment by ship tem is terribly remiss and looking very - or, of the 650 alerts received, only owners, all to comply with forthcoming much as though volume marketing and twelve were "real" and in 1993 the legislation designed to satisfy the the almighty dollar reign as king. As number of alerts received were 860 forced demands of the proponents of we enter upon the twenty-first century, (more than sixteen a week), of which "change." A study of reports on the the promoters of "change" would do all but twenty-six were false alarms, or apparent causes of GMDSS false alerts well, and perhaps provide a more about a 97 per cent false alert rate. In leaves the distinct impression that a beneficial service to humanity, if they Canada in 1991, the system processed good number of sophisticated and were to reconsider, in this case, the 519 EPIRB alerts with the successful expensive "toys" have been installed on flawless system that was used in report­ resolution of fifty-three actual distress a ship's bridge that can be tinkered ing and positioning "distress" at sea calls. The remainder, about 99 per with at will by a number of virtually during the era preceding GMDSS, cent, were "false" alerts. inexperienced and irresponsible person­ beginning with "Baltic" and "Titanic" nel. Some strange and unreasonable several decades ago. This was an era Every GMDSS alert, whether "real" or tales have been related to explain or when the ship's Radio Officer was "false," must be followed up and acted justify such false alerts, most of which rigidly trained over an extensive time­ upon primarily to ascertain if they are are, in my opinion, a litany of weak period in all aspects of marine radio genuine. This takes anywhere from and childish excuses: a measure ofhow communications and approval was twenty minutes to several days. One well the system works; triggered inad­ granted, by way of a proficiency certi­ reported incident took fifty-six hours to vertently; equipment designed for non­ ficate, only after successfully complet­ clear up and involved LSAR authorities specialists; misuse ofequipment; press­ ing a thorough examination. Upon in the UK, Mexico, Greece and the ing the "return" button when testing joining a ship there was never any USA. When the global detective work software; an officer who is unfamiliar thought or question of lack of capabil­ cannot differentiate between "false" and with certain equipment; leaned on the ity or who was in charge of the ship's "real" signals, SAR is forced to swing terminal; dropped a book on the key­ radio station. The distress frequency into action with aircraft costing thou­ board; cleaning and dusting and it went was monitored twenty-four hours each sands of dollars per hour to operate. off; test procedure not completed and day by the operator or the automatic Whether measured in money, man­ the alert "timed-out." Electronic Posi­ alarm and "break" periods from regular power or morale, the cost is unaccept­ tioning Indicator Radio Beacon transmissions were afforded byobserv­ able. The loss of a highly efficient (EPIRB) false alerts have been caused, ance of the international "silence­ system that mariners once enjoyed for example, when painting the retain­ periods" and the radio operator was through medium frequency shipboard ing housing, the set is removed and always on call. In my years at sea in wireless in the 600 meter (CW) mode, placed on deck with the heavy end this capacity, never did I hear of an coupled with the prompt dispatch of "down," thereby inverting the set and SOS signal not being received and SAR designated ships and aircraft, is causing it to transmit. In short, the acted upon with haste. also unacceptable to mariners. reasons for transmitting a false alert are, all too often, assinine. The current reports on the apparent Where, then, does this situation place failure in principle of GMDSS strikes the mariner with regard to Search and A small part of the problem also rests me as ludicrous in the extreme. When Rescue (SAR)? Lifesaving SAR and the with design deficiencies. A simple only two or three cases in a hundred Intergovernmental Maritime Organiz­ arrangement of sealed POWER ON/ are "real" it is reasonable to assess the ation (IMO) in the United Kingdom TRANSMIT switching, for example, detrimental impact on SAR services' have sounded, in tough, strong lan­ could be fitted in the GMDSS equip­ morale and general interest. The tide of guage, the stark warning that the SAR ment and a water-activated cell should urgency quickly ebbs and the "crying system is clogged, that it has slowed to trigger the EPIRB set only when it is wolf" syndrome begins to take over. a snail's pace due to the sheer weight thrown overboard, much as the white Perhaps the advocates of "change," in and volume of false distress alerts that canopy light engages on an inflatable this instance, should reconsider their are now being "raised" by GMDSS and liferaft. This doesn't seem like 1990s position and bring about yet another unless the situation is alleviated, the high-tech but neither does a 97 per cent change by reinstating the ever-trusty SAR provision, as mariners have come "false alert" rate. Radio Officer and his/her never-fail to know it, will grind to a shuddering "obsolete" CW equipment in the know­ halt and the continued existence of this Considering the extreme weight and ledge that the call will be genuine and facility will be severely threatened. seriousness of the SOLAS Convention, positive action will follow. one wonders why a General or This alarming, even frightening devel­ Restricted Operator's Certificate, re­ Notes opment is in part the legacy of several quiring only a week or two of shore IMr. Latimer is a retired Radio Officer years of expenditure of huge sums of training for compliance, is the total in the Canadian Merchant Marine; he money on research and development of requirement for operating this elaborate lives in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. technology within the INMARSAT equipment. Something within the sys- JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 7

ARGONAUTA COLUMNS The Amelia was typical of the small the traffic alone, until the subsidy ran steel cargo vessels then being con­ out in 1908. There may have been MARITIME PROVINCES structed for coastal service around the some concern as to her capabilities at STEAM PASSENGER VESSELS United Kingdom. Her very limited pas­ this time; although the company was senger accommodation was located awarded the subsidy again, the amounl By Robin H. Wyllie above deck, under the bridge; two had been reduced to a total of $15,000; East LaHave, Nova Scotia capacious holds took up the space more to the point, the term had been between her engine room, aft, and the reduced to one year. Among the provi­ S.S. Amelia crews quarters in the foc's'le. She was sions were the following: well-suited for the carriage of general Specifications: goods, mail and empty barrels, her "Ports of Call main cargo for the Magdalens. On the 1. the contractor will at the earliest Official Number: 104069 return voyage from the islands, those opening of navigation in the present Built: S. McKnight & Co., Ayr, Scotland Date Built: 1894 Gross Tonnage: 356.54 GULF OF ST. LAWAENCE ~ lIeBrion Overall length: 145 feet Breadth: 22.8 feet Draught: 10.8 feet Engine: 2 cyl.l9" and 42". 69 rhp. Engine builder: Muir and Houston, ., Glasgow MAGDALEN ISLANDS Propulsion: Screw. e PORTS: Amherst Island Etang du Nord History: Grand Entry Grindstone Island The Magdalen Islands are a tiny archi­ Point Bosse pelago of rocky islands linked by sand bars and causeways, far out in the Gulf of SI. Lawrence between the Maritimes and Anticosti Island. Part of Quebec, the islands have a long history as fish­ CAPE BRETON ing stations during the French Colonial ISLAND period and later as a source of material for the manufacture of grindstones.

During the late 18oos, R.J. Leslie, a Halifax businessman and Member of the Provincial Parliament, established the first regular steamer service on the NOVA SCOTIA 125-mile voyage from the railhead at Pictou, Nova Scotia to the Magdalens, using a succession of small vessels, Fig. J.. Amelia's ports of calls in J908. most of them leased. This arrangement lasted from 1875 until 1903, when James A. Fraser of Pictou purchased same barrels would be tilled with fish. year, that is to say, as soon as the the little Amelia in England from New­ ice will permit of the running of house & Co. of Great Yarmouth and In 1903, the Magdalen Island Steam­ steamers over the route hereinafter brought her across the Atlantic to ship Co. was awarded a five-year gov­ named, place the steamer Amelia on operate a service from Pictou to ports ernment subsidy of$IO,OOO per annum. the route between Pictou in the on the west coast of Cape Breton All went well until 1905, when Ame­ province of Nova Scotia and the Island. The fate of this service is uncer­ lia's running mate, the old wooden Magdalen Islands in the province of tain, but later that year, Amelia, still Lunenburg, went ashore on Amherst Quebec, and will for one year carry owned by Fraser, joined the old Lunen­ Island and broke up with the loss of on and maintain by means of the burg in Leslie and Hart's Magdalen eleven lives, including that of RJ. said steamers (sic), in manner here­ Island Shipping Company Ltd. Leslie. Under the command of Captain after provided, a regular semi­ Burns, Amelia appears to have handled weekly service, making each week 8 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

-.-..-..;::. - a_ -

S.S. AMELIA ROBIN H. WYlLIE

Fig. 2: SS Amelia from photographs in thhe Public Archives of Prince Edward Island and The Adamson-Robenson Collection, University of Glasgow

two full round trips between Pictou Harbour and Etang du Nord and making fifty-eight round trips to the and the Islands aforesaid and return return; calling also at such other port islands, carried 880 passengers and calling on each trip each way at the or ports, place or places en route as 5,900 tons of freight. railway wharf at Souris in the prov­ the minister may from time to time ince of Prince Edward Island; and at direct. " It cannot be determined whether the ports in the Magdalen Islands as profit margin was too low, or whether follows: - On all trips at Amherst The service was to be operated as long the company failed to meet the terms of Island, Point Bosse and Grindstone as Magdalen ports remained free of ice their contract. What is clear is that in Island; and at Etang du Nord and and had to be continued out of "some 1909 the contract was awarded to Grand Entry once each week; such port in Cape Breton," usually Port William McLure. The vessels used by weekly calls to be made on alternate Hood, should Pictou Harbour freeze up McLure were, according to Frederic trips; and once each month during before this. Landry, the Daisy (of which little is the months of June, July, August, known) and then the Lady Sybil. September next following the date of When you consider that this was a 290­ the contract at Bryan Island (sic); mile round trip, 390 miles when the What happened to Amelia during this and in case and whenever weather Brion Island stop was included, and period is not known, except that the will not permit the landing of the Amelia's top speed was 11 knots, it 1914 Steamboat Inspection Report mails at Etang du Nord, the con­ must have made for a long hard week shows her as having gone uninspected tractor shall land from the said for her crew. The vessel left Pictou on on account of being laid up. McLure steamers (sic) for House Harbour Mondays and Thursdays, spent the fol­ retained the subsidy until 1916, when and Etang du Nord at Grindstone lowing day unloading and loading at the Magdalen Islands Steamship Co. island, and the steamers (sic) shall island ports and returned on Wednes­ somehow managed to get it back. remain there long enough to allow days and Saturdays. In 1907 - a typical Amelia was pressed into service and the mails to be carried to House year - the vessel steamed 18,760 miles remained on the route until 1917, when JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 9

the Borden government came to power. Selected Shipping Registers to 1921. Arctic was done by private individuals The following year the subsidy was in small vessels. Some years the waters awarded to J.B. Farquhar and Co. Special thanks to Byron Clark of Les­ are so filled with ice it is impossible to lie, Magdalen Islands and Graham travel, while other years there are large In 1918, the sturdy little Amelia was McBride, Maritime Museum of the leads in the ice allowing long distance sold to a J. Foster. Her new owner Atlantic for their help in tying up loose travel. Marine transportation was very may have attempted to operate the ends. important because it was the only way vessel on her former route, under the to bring in supplies needed to support command of Captain D. Kerr. How­ FLOATING HER/TAGE people living in settlements year-round. ever, the venture appears to have met WEST & NORTH Some of the prosperous trappers who with little success. It would have been owned their own boats did a little trad­ poinlless, on account of the post-war By John MacFarlane ing as well. They were able to trade for glut of vessels on the market, to try Port Alberni, British Columbia fur from trappers who would come in and sell the Amelia on this side of the once a month to visit their boats to Atlantic. It was, however, another Not all of Canada's floating heritage is obtain extra supplies. Later they would story in Britain, where coastal shipping now found close to the places where sell the furs which they had traded had been decimated by war-time losses. their significance and importance was along with the ones they had trapped 1921 therefore found the vessel back in originally acquired. The North Star of themselves. Any industrioushard-work­ the fish-carrying business, this time Herschel Island is now a familiar sight ing Arctic trapper needed his own owned and registered at Kirkwall in the in Victoria's Inner Harbour. Her white transportation in order to become more Orkney Islands. hull and ship-rig is often a point of mobile and able to visit different areas interest to all who see her. But few of the Arctic coast, as when they would Amelia's subsequent history is not shipwatchers know of the fascinating travel from Herschel Island to the white known, but it would be interesting to life she led far from Victoria or the Arctic fox territory in the Western learn the fate of this little steel coaster, direct link to the past history and devel­ Arctic (basically Banks Island, Victoria which, her holds no doubt crammed opmentofthe Western Canadian Arctic Island and areas on the mainland coast with coal, had twice managed to cross she represents. near Bathurst Inlet, Pelly River, Cop­ the Atlantic under her own power. permine etc.) Arctic whaling petered out quickly in Sources: the Arctic at the beginning of the twen­ These vessels were filled with trapping tieth century with the conspicuous over­ and living supplies each spring when Cheticamp. Histoire et Traditions Aca­ harvesting of the bowhead whale in the trappers would head out to their diens. Moncton: Edition de Aboiteaux, Alaskan and Canadian waters by steam traplines. They usually had their entire 1961. whalers. Some of the sharper whaling family with them. The bigger vessels, skippers were already carrying trade like the North Star of Herschel Island, Landry, Frederick, Ancrees au Large. goods and carrying on a vigorous ship­ would have three or four families on Le Marteloire Inc. 1985. based fur and ivory trading business as board, sharing in the expenses of the a sideline to the voyage. The first voyage. They would fan out from Mills, John M., Canadian Inland and vessels to come into the Arctic for this Herschel Island travelling eastward to Coastal Steam Vessels 1809-1930. use were actual sailing schooners. Horton River, Cape Parry, Banks Providence, RI, 1979. When the local Inuit made inquiries Island, Victoria Island, Coppermine, about these vessels, the Europeans to Bathurst Inlet, Cambridge Bay, Gjoa Vernon, C.E., Cape Breton Canada ­ whom they spoke kept referring to Haven, Pelly River and Spence Bay. In at the Beginning ofthe Twentieth Cen­ ·schooners· so that through Inuit eyes, these areas they would establish trap­ tury. Toronto, 1903. every vessel built of wood and big lines which might change from year to enough to have a deck was a schooner year depending on ice conditions. Steamboat 1nspection Report. Supple­ regardless of rig. Even though most of ment to the Forty-seventh Annual them were sloops they became known These schooners were specially adapted Report of the Department of Marine collectively to all Inuit as Arctic schoo­ to Arctic Ocean service. Most had and Fisheries for the fiscal year ners or Eskimo trading schooners. double planking with Irish ship's felt in 1913-14. Ottawa, 1914. There were thirty to forty of these between the plankings. The outer plan­ small privately owned so-called Eskimo king was usually Australian ironbark, Selected Nova Scotia almanacs and schooners. Most had just one mast also called Australian greenhearl. This gazetteers. which could carry a steading sailor in wood is very tough and could work in a pinch propel the vessel downwind. ice and could tolerate being frozen-in Selected Intercolonial Railway and during winters when the owners failed other timetables. From about 1910 to about 1980 nearly for some reason to get the vessels out all the transportation in the Western of the water in time. The ship's felt 10 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

was important because single wood holiday in England my wife noticed in forty or fifty artifacts in all (perhaps planking with caulking could not toler­ the Halifax paper a story which indi­ more -I didn't count them). ate the freezing action in the cated that the "Wreck of the Titanic" wintertime. The freezing would force exhibit was scheduled to open at the These artifacts were not, in my estima­ out the caulking every winter and the National Maritime Museum (NMM) in tion, the best part of the Exhibit. That vessel would sink on launching in the Greenwich. In spite of the controversy honour went to the models of the wreck spring. This happened several times at recent International Congress of - they were superb. One very large until the use of ship's felt was adopted Maritime Museums (ICMM) meetings diorama contained a ten-foot plus to avoid that problem. (as reported in recent issues of ARGO­ model showing the two main parts of NAUTA) I felt compelled to visit the the wreck and illustrating how the bow Few of these vessels now survive exhibit - although the urge to boycott section had ploughed a "hill" into the though several lay beached in the north did cross my mind. I felt that an oppor­ bottom on impact. The viewer looked and are unlikely to sail again. tunity had presented itself and must be down onto this eerie scene while lean­ taken when offered. ing over a ship's rail, a nice touch, Suggestions for further reading: though one that was probably lost on On our first full day in London my many visitors. Bockstoce, John with contributions by wife, a friend and I travelled to Green­ William A. Baker & Charles F. Batch­ wich via the Dockland Railway and the Much to the credit of the National elder, Steam Whaling In The Western pedestrian tunnel below the Thames Maritime Museum, the controversy Arctic (New Bedford, MA: Old Dart­ (both are unique in London transporta­ surrounding this exhibit was not mouth Historical Society, 1977) tion systems). After visiting the Cutty ignored. A video loop featured a clip Sark, which I had not done for twenty from the Northern Ireland television Bockstoce, John, Whales, lee, & Men: years, although I do go down into her talk show"Anderson on the Box" with The History ofWhaling in the Western dry dock and look at her lines every interviews of Stephen Deuchar of the Arctic (Seattle, WA: University of time I'm in the neighbourhood, we exhibits department at NMM and Una Washington Press, 1986) walked to the main entrance of the Reilly of the Ulster Titanic Society. National Maritime Museum only to Reilly was opposed to the exhibit and Coates, Kenneth, Canada's Colonies: A learn that the Titanic Exhibit was not called the artifacts "grave goods" while History of the Yukon & Northwest open to the public until the following Deuchar said it was "the most import­ Territories (Toronto: James Lorimer & day. (We all know that you can't ant shipwreck in the world" and that Co. Publishers, 1985) believe everything that is in the paper!) this exhibit was "the best way to show Not to be undone I was telephoning a social history." A survivor, Eva Hart, Dobrin, Michael, "She Sailed Into His­ colleague "upstairs" when another was then interviewed; she disagreed tory: The life and times of Our Lady of friendly face from the last IC~M with the idea of the exhibit but diplo­ Lourdes, the tough little mission schoo­ conference appeared in the lobby. A matically said that if it was to be done, ner that shaped an Arctic legend," Up quick explanation of the problem and then "the National Maritime Museum Here (November-December 1990) we were into the exhibit which had were the people to do it." been "officially" opened a couple of French, Alice, My Name Is Masak hours earlier but was closed to the Another video showed computer-gener­ (Winnipeg: Pegasus Publishers, 1976) public until after a reception for vari­ ated visuals of the ship sinking, break­ ous Titanic Societies, authors, etc., that ing and plummeting to the bottom. This McGrath, Robin, "Schooners of the evening. It was obviously the best way video made the explicit point that the Western Arctic," Up Here (July/August to see the exhibit - without the crowds artifacts in the exhibit were retrieved 1989) of the official opening and without "the from the "debris field" and not from masses" of the general public. tile wreck itself. (This statement alone, de Poncins, Gontrans; trans. Bernard to me. meant that if the wreck itself Frechtman, The Ghost Voyage: Out of The exhibit was well done. It differed was not violated, then the arguments of Eskimo Land (New York: Doubleday & from previous Titanic exhibits, includ­ the underwater archaeologists are most­ Company, 1954) ing a recent one put together by the ly invalid - their arguments mainly Ulster Folk and Transport Museum, in concerned unscientific ripping apart of THE TITANIC EXHIBIT: that this exhibit had artifacts from the a wreck to salvage the contents. There A BRIEF REVIEW Titanic itself - items retrieved from the is. of course, much more to it than this wreck site. These included part of an simplified statement.) By Eric Ruff, Director/Curator engine room telegraph, a steam whistle Yarmouth County Museum & Archives from one of the funnels, crockery, My main arguments about the exhibit Yarmouth. Nova Scotia personal items such as a wallet contain­ relate to the artifacts themselves. Why ing paper money, a shaving brush and bother? Take the shaving brush for Several days before leaving for a fall a large lump of coal - probably some example. To conserve this brush the JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 11

French government (which, I under­ too need money to operate.) At the deteriorating at an alarming rate." Eric stand, did much ofthe conservation and very close of the exhibit a film clip Lawson, a New Brunswick Museum restoration work) probably spent the showed a salvage vessel hoisting aboard Research Associate, gathered a signifi­ equivalent of hundreds if not thousands large pieces of coal. My guess is that cant amount of information during two of dollars. Almost any small town the coal will become Titanic jewellery, previous visits to Stanley in 1984 and museum has a similar brush in its col­ and that salvage costs may be recouped 1988. However, he was then on his lection. What do we learn about social from sale of such items. The large own with limited equipment and was history from this particular brush? The lobby of the National Maritime unable to record all features of the fact that this brush comes from the Museum is usually taken up with an vessel. During the team's stay in Stan­ Titanic makes it special, but...! The excellent museum shop selling the usual ley, photogrammetry, a stereo pho­ china plates, with the ship's insignia souvenirs and a marvellous selection of tography recording technique, was used are, I reluctantly admit, more unique. nautical books. But on this occasion the to survey the stern section of the Eger­ shop was temporarily crammed into a ia, the most complete portion of the The artifact restoration process was little corner by the cloakrooms and vessel remaining, amounting to appro­ described in detail and would be a good replaced with a Titanic shop selling ximately one third of the vessel's orig­ learning experience for some, although nothing but Titanic-related hats, tee­ inal length. The federal contribution of not being scientifically inclined I was shirts, souvenirs (many of quality), photogrammetric services was vital to bored by the explanations. postcards and a wide selection of books the expedition as information gathered on the subject. I found this somewhat using this technique will be analyzed by The controversial aspect of the exhibit disappointing. computer in Ottawa to reproduce the reappeared near the end of the exhibit, lines of the Egeria's stern. Where in the form of eight quotations. I was The exhibit itself had shown some photogrammetry was not possible, in pleased to see one from the Interna­ interesting artifacts, superb models, parts of the bow and mid-section tional Congress of Maritime Museums: both sides of a major controversy and located below a jetty, visual inspections "Museums should not exhibit artefacts was thought-provoking. In short, the were conducted. The vessel was also from commercially exploited archae­ museum had succeeded in its aim. documented through the use of 35 mm ological or historic sites." Another, by photography. video recording, detailed Martin Dean of the Archaeological RESEARCH REPORT measurements and the collection of Diving Unit, said "This is just trophy wood samples for later analysis. The hunting..." Dr. Robert Ballard, dis­ REPORT ON THE hulk was also examined to determine coverer of the Titanic site, was also FALKLAND ISLANDS EXPEDITION how long it might be expected to last. quoted: "I am proposing that any future by Claire Ryan and Bob Elliott revisits to the Titanic which would New Brunswick Museum. While analysis of the data acquired will involve deep diving submersibles dedi­ Saint John, New Brunswick continue into the future, several find­ cate a portion of their diving time to ings are worthy of mention. The most carefully recording and recovering A five-member expedition team repre­ interesting discovery was made in the those delicate items lying outside the senting the New Brunswick Museum Egeria's 'tween deck, the deck located hull of the ship itself. The artefacts was in Stanley, the Falkland Islands, in between the hold and the main deck. It recovered should be used to create a January and February, 1994 to record was noted that the 'tween deck iron museum. " the ship Egeria, built in Saint John in hanging knees, L-shaped metal rein­ 1859 by Thomas Edward Millidge. forcements located below the main In this area of the exhibit three com­ Resting in Stanley Harbour, the stern deck beams, were bolted in place after puter screens asked for the visitors' section of the Egeria is the most com­ the installation of the main deck. The thoughts on the controversy - a brave plete remnant of a nineteenth century bolts had not only been driven through move by the exhibit coordinators. New Brunswick merchant vessel loc­ holes in the iron knees and main deck Several questions were asked, each ated to date. This chance survival into beams, they also ran through the plank­ requiring "yes" or "no" answers. In­ the present era has preserved valuable ing of the main deck. This is an stantly the screen indicated the numbers information concerning shipbuilding unusual occurrence as the expected of visitors surveyed and the results thus techniques not recorded in contempor­ procedure was to fasten a vessel's far. While I voted against the exhibit ary documentary sources, such as knees in position prior to the installa­ on many questions I was in the minor­ Lloyd's survey reports, nineteenth­ tion of decking. Another unexpected ity. I predict that the public in general century photographs and ship portraits. feature was the use of several narrow will support the idea of the exhibit. boards in the 'tween deck ceiling, the "It proved timely indeed that the expe­ interior planking of the hull. While it is I have two final comments which must dition took place in 1994," says Bob believed that the normal practice was to be said. (Remember firstly that the Elliot, expedition member and museum install full width planks (4-5"), several artifacts were recovered as a commer­ curator. "We discovered that the boards of much narrower dimension (a cial venture and secondly that museums wooden hulks of Stanley Harbour are maximum of 2") were located. Only 12 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

additional research will reveal whether team's arrival, the Falkland Islands the Governor, Mr. David Tatham, this procedure was commonly applied Company filled a portion of the hull whose Falkland Islands Government when it did not affect the structural with stone and capped this with a con­ was most generous in its support of the integrity of a vessel or whether it was crete pad. This will probably be the expedition. The team also examined the a builder's cost-eutting measure to last chance to document a significant remains of the Miramichi-built barque maximize profit. portion of the Egeria's hull and thus ACtaeon, launched in 1838. Although preserve its structural information. little of this vessel remains, a ponion The most alarming discovery was the Besides examining the data from this of the bow still rises above water. amount of deterioration which has expedition, the New Brunswick While photogrammetric recording was occurred to the hull over the last five Museum plans to display the informa­ not practical for this remnant, the years. The submerged sections of the tion and visual material in a section of Actaeon was photographed and rec­ Egeria, as well as the other wooden the Museum's permanent maritime orded on video. Similarly photographs hulks of Stanley, have experienced history gallery. Expedition material will were taken of the Nova Scotia-built tremendous damage. The damage was also fmd its way into a variety of pub­ barque Margaret, the oldest Canadian­ most apparent along the tidal zone lic lectures and media presentations, the built vessel in the Falkland Islands, w her e constructed w a v e in 1836. action Although created by the team passing did not vessels has survey the harmed the other hulks planking. scattered However, around there are a Stanley number of Harbour, other fac­ both video tors at and photo­ work caus­ graphic ing deterio­ records ration. Of were made. these, the The Mili­ most wor­ tary and risome is Strategic the intro­ Studies duction of Program of a species of the Univer­ marine sity ofNew worm that Brunswick feasts on Fig. 3: The stem section ofthe Egeria in January 1994 prov ided submerged financial Photo counesy ofthe New Brunswick Museum, Sairu John, N.B. planks and support frames. A w h i c h length of permitted worm-infested planking was transported most ambitious being the proposed one member of the team to visit the to Ottawa for proper analysis. production of a professionally edited Canadian-built World War II mine­ video for national broadcast and adapta­ sweeper, Protector III, beached on The information gathered from the tion for use in various educational New Island. Completed in 1943 at Port expedition will be put to a number of programs. Some of the data gathered Greville, Nova Scotia, Protector III uses. The Egeria survey will preserve will appear in a publication by Eric was towed to Saint John in 1942 where structural and construction data which Lawson which examines the shipbuild­ a Fairbanks-Morse engine was installed can be used by marine historians long ing career of the Thomas Millidge prior to her transfer to the Royal Navy. after the vessel's demise. The mission family and features the Egeria. An opportunity to visit the remains of has assumed even greater importance the New Brunswick-built ship Star of than originally envisioned as the pres­ While in Stanley the team also exam­ Brunswick, launched at Saint John in ent owners of the hulk continue to use ined the American packet ship Charles 1861 and wrecked on the Falklands in the Egeria for storage and modify the Cooper, which was launched in 1856. 1881, was provided to Bob Elliot and ship's original structure. Prior to the This was requested by His Excellency Eric Lawson through the generosity of JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 13

Mr. and Mrs. Terry Spruce of Stanley. ability of these graduate scholarships. Sea from Tallin to Stockholm, sank in This weekend trip also permitted the Applications for this program for the rough weather? More than 900 people stern section of a Stockton-built, iron­ Fall of 1995 may be obtained from died. Subsequent investigation revealed hulled barque, Craigie Lea, to be pho­ Society headquarters; the completed that the bow doors of the ferry had tographed. application should be submitted to: Mr. been dislocated by huge waves and torn Francis M. Cagliari, Executive Direc­ away from the trunk. The auto-deck The contril;>ution of federal agencies tor of the Society, 601 Pavonia was flooded, making the ship uncon­ (parks Canada and Public Works) was Avenue, Jersey City, NJ 07306, USA trollable and eventually causing it to crucial to the expedition's success. The before the closing date of1 February, list and sink. This tragedy resulted in a addition of marine engineer Alex Bar­ 1995. series of severe inspections of similar bour and photogrammetric specialist ro-ro vessels in Baltic service and a John A. Bell to the team provided Factors considered in making the selec­ number of hurried improvements to much needed expertise. Ottawa also tion include scholastic ability, the can­ bow door fittings. At the same time, made a significant fmancial contribu­ didate's capacity to pursue advanced the Society of Naval Architects and tion towards the Falkland Islands expe­ study, ambition, personality and other Marine Engineers established an adhoc dition and provided specialized survey qualities indicative of productive lead­ panel to assess the level of safety of the equipment at no cost to the Province. ership status in the marine industry. North American ro-ro passenger ferry For at least one scholarship, emphasis fleet. The panel is charged with devel­ ARGONAUTA NEWS will be placed on recent employment of oping specific recommendations for at least five years in the marine field as enhancing ro-ro passenger ferry safety. MARITIME AWARDS SOCIETY a factor for selection. The panel held its kickoff meeting in OF CANADA SCHOLARSHIP New Orleans on 17 November, 1994 In addition to the Graduate Program, under the chairmanship of Bruce Fraser James Moore Davidson, who is several undergraduate scholarships of Hutchinson. Several distinguished pursuing a doctorate in physics, has $1,000 each are made available by the members of the marine community been named as the second recipient of Society at Massachusetts Institute of addressed the panel, including Presi­ the Maritime Awards Society of Technology, the University of Michi­ dent Kime and Mr. Ivar Manum of the Canada (MASC) Graduate Scholarship gan, State University of New York Norwegian Maritime Directorate. Dur­ at Memorial University of Newfound­ Maritime College, Florida Atlantic ing the meeting, the panel identified land. Davidson, who recently com­ University, University ofNew Orleans, several tasks to be completed. Major pleted an MSc in physical oceanogra­ Memorial University ofNewfoundland, tasks assigned to panel members in­ phy at MUN, plans to write a disserta­ Texas A&M University (College Sta­ clude evaluating the stability charac­ tion on the effect of the ocean environ­ tion) and Virginia Polytechnic Institute. teristics of the major North American ment of the Newfoundland Shelf on Grants-in-Aid are made available at the ferry fleets, reviewing the existing fish breeding and dispersion. MASC, University of California at Berkeley. literature on ro-ro passenger vessel which currently awards graduate fel­ Also, Webb Institute of Naval Archi­ stability and studying the role of the lowships at the University of Victoria tecture provides a tuition-free education human element in ro-ro passenger ves­ and Memorial, has an agreement of to all undergraduate students. Recog­ sel safety. The results of this study will affiliation with CNRS. nizing this fact, the Society supports provide valuable technical and econ­ the Webb program with annual contri­ omic information to the members of the SCHOLARSHIPS IN NAVAL butions, bringing Webb indirectly into Society, the public and national/inter­ ARCHITECTURE AND MARINE the scholarship program. national policy making bodies. Sadly, it ENGINEERING has taken the loss of so many lives to Those interested should contact the ensure better safety for those working Scholarships in both the graduate and above institutions directly and not the and travelling at sea. undergraduate levels are again being Society, since nominations for Society provided by The Society of Naval undergraduate funds have been assigned FRENCH ARCHIVES Architects and Marine Engineers to to them. All recipients of undergrad­ TO MOVE COLONIAL FONDS encourage men and women to pursue uate scholarships will be subject to the studies in the naval architectural, mar­ approval ofthe Scholarships Committee The "Fonds Anciens Colonies" is being ine engineering or closely related fields of the Society. transferred from the Archives nation­ such as ocean engineering. Only United ales in Paris to the Centre des Archives States or Canadian citizens are eligible. ESTONIA SINKING PROMPTS d'Outre-Mer at Aix-en-Provence. The SAFETY REVIEW move will be made in stages, beginning Ship operating and shipbuilding com­ 14 November, 1995. Microfilms of the panies, affiliated trades and univer­ Who can forget the night of27 Septem­ series A, B, and C will be available at sities, located in all sections of the ber, 1994 when the ro-ro passenger the C.A.R.A.N. in Paris, excepting country have been notified ofthe avail- ferry Estonia, sailing across the Baltic CC/9, which will be microfilmed in 14 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

1995 as will numerous other items and from the diving community to the SEED program and later through EIC's series, particularly D and F. The project's invitation, through a voluntary Best Matches programme, to enter data Centre in Aix will, upon written questionnaire, to provide information into the system. request, dispatch photocopies of etats for the database on descriptions of de service contained in individual dos­ artifacts and their sources. However, In conclusion, the project is now under­ siers in the series E. now that personal computers have way; equipment has been purchased become much more affordable and and the challenging task of entering Although the new arrangement may be widespread, the time seemed ripe to try information into the database has more congenial in terms of climate and again. begun. Ultimately, however, the future ambience, it will undoubtedly compli­ and direction ofthis project depends on cate matters for researcher who need to It was decided that a prototype database input by the public. Therefore, anyone work in both colonial and metropolitan would be developed for demonstration interested in helping with the database series. at Underwater Canada in 1993. This or learning more about it should con­ prototype would not simply report tact: Barry Lyons, 14 Muriel Drive, UPDATE: shipwreck locations and histories but Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 6X4 MARINE HERITAGE DATABASE would be a marine heritage resource (tel: 705-759-5134). centre, providing the public with access A year ago we reported on the efforts to information on a broad range of SHIPWRECK AMNESTY of the maritime heritage organization marine heritage questions. Specifically, IN A USTRALlA Save Ontario Shipwrecks (SOS) to the prototype included seven modules: establish a marine history database - a a bibliography ofmarine heritage publi­ One of our Australian members, Mark central repository of shipwreck infor­ cations; contact addresses and phone Howard, writes to tell us about the mation that could be made available to numbers of experts in the marine heri­ recent shipwreck amnesty in his coun­ the sport diving community, in the firm tage community; a glossary of nautical try. A recent national shipwrecks conviction that users ofsuch a database shipwreck terms; a photograph archive; amnesty in Australia was judged a would be more inclined to help protect a map section; an artifact database; and success after it resulted in the discovery our underwater heritage. The database a shipwreck module. Interest in the of a number of new wreck sites that would include everything anyone ever prototype was overwhelming, but few might not otherwise have been found. wanted to know about shipwrecks and individuals were willing to devote the Under the Australian federal govern­ marine heritage of the Great Lakes. amount of time required to build the ment's Historic Shipwrecks Act of Recently, in the Winter 1994 issue of information base that was critical to the 1976, the discovery of an underwater SOS NEWSLETTER, an article by success of the project. Consequently, wreck site more than seventy-five Barry Lyons provided an update about the database changed very little during years-old must be reported to the the database project. this period. appropriate state authorities. Failure to do so can result in fines of A$ 5000 for One of the initial ideas had been to Meanwhile, the Windsor chapter of individuals and A$ 25,000 for com­ develop an artifact database. It was SOS was spearheading another land­ panies. The purpose of the wreck recognized that divers during the early mark initiative which would form amnesty was to allow those' who had years of the sport had removed count­ linkages between marine heritage con­ discovered such wreck sites, but who less artifacts from shipwreck sites in servation and diving tourism. Consul­ had not yet reported their location, to their hunt for souvenirs. Many of these tants hired to investigate the extent of come forward without fear of prosecu­ artifacts had found their way into the the marine heritage resource were tion. The divers concerned were also basements and garages of the diving required to provide the data in a format encouraged to donate items taken from public. Although diver education has suitable for inclusion in the SOS data­ these sites to museums; they were reversed this trend, it was felt that the base. This resulted in the accumulation nevertheless allowed to retain "cus­ information associated with these arti­ of a wealth of information on the mar­ tody" of such fmds after they had been facts might be lost forever. Other arti­ ine heritage of the western basin of recorded by the maritime archaeology facts were donated to various museums Lake Erie that is now stored in the units in the state concerned. The res­ without a common information base. database. SOS next applied for funding ponse to the offer was slow to begin Since such artifacts are critical to un­ through the federal Access to Archaeol­ with but toward the end of the amnesty derstanding our past, it was believed ogy Program of the Department of period there was a rush of reports that that an artifact database would capture Canadian Heritage. This funding could encouraged the extension of the dead­ some of this information before it was only be used to make capital purchases, line from October 1993 to March 1994. irretrievably lost. An earlier effort such as computing equipment and soft­ The net result of the programme was which involved the Museum of Science ware. Consequently, two sl,lmmer stud­ the discovery ofabout thirty previously and Technology in Ottawa to establish ents were hired in Sault Ste. Marie and unknown wreck sites. Even with these a similar artifacts database failed in Windsor, first through the Employ­ new reports, the locations of only about because of a general lack of response ment and Immigration Canada's (BIC) twelve percent of Australia's 5000 or JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 15 so shipwreck sites are currently known. remarked in the conclusion of his let­ and deserving ships and vessels? There ter, "It is a great thrill to be the first is simply not enough money to save A CA UTIONARY TALE (1) diver on a wreck like this [but] I them all. A few examples of repre­ believe they should be left undisturbed sentative ship types well preserved are The oldest surviving ship on the Great for others to see." worth more in the long run than a Lakes is no more. In a letter to the whole lot of well-intentioned efforts editor of Inland Seas, Ellis Mercier of A CAUTIONARY TALE (II) that compete for limited funds and Oconto Falls, Wisconsin reported that ultimately end in failure. in May of last year, the lOS-foot, 218­ A recent issue of Steamboat Bill reports ton schooner, Alvin Clark was demol­ that the former Canadian Coast Guard NATIONAL CANAL MUSEUM ished to make way for a parking lot to vessel Edward Cornwallis has been sold service a new marina. In 1981 the for scrapping at Port Maitland, Ontario According the Sea History Gazette, Coast Guard's Merchant Vessel Docu­ following an attempt to serve as a efforts to establish a National Canal mentation Division had verified that the floating restaurant at Cobourg on Lake Museum in the United States have Alvin Clark was the oldest Great Lakes Ontario under the name Edward. The taken a momentous leap forward with ship in existence and the oldest known ship dated to 1949 and was retired in the release of Pennsylvania Capital floating merchant ship in the world. 1986. The enthusiasm to preserve ships Redevelopment funds for Two Rivers The ancient schooner, launched in of many types and to find other uses Landing, a new cultural centre within 1846, sank in a storm off Chambers for them, is understandable. How often the City of Easton, on the Delaware Island in Green Bay in 1864. In 1969 have we read or heard about a group River north of Philadelphia. The Canal the wreck, in near-perfect condition, trying to raise money to rescue and Museum will relocate to a new en­ was raised and brought to Menominee, preserve a warship otherwise destined larged facility to be shared with the Michigan, where her salvor, Frank for the scrap yard, or a historic new Crayola Visitors Center and the Hoffman, a diver and marina operator, freighter, or, in this case, a Coast new National Heritage Corridor Visi­ hoped to make the vessel a major tour­ Guard vessel? Unfortunately, the costs tors Center. The National Canal ist attraction or at least inspire a pres­ of such ventures goes far beyond the Museum exhibit area, collection storage ervation effort. But there was no inter­ price of acquisition and restoration or and exhibit fabrication, offices, library est, and exposure to elements above the conversion; maintenance costs, insur­ and archives· will occupy 14,400 sq. ft. water led quickly to the ship's total ance costs, operating costs can all be of Two Rivers Landing. decay. It is a sobering reminder that unexpectedly horrendous. Thus, over in good intentions and a dream are simply Cleveland, Ohio, the future of the AMISTAD REPLICA PROJECT not enough in this day and age to pre­ Great Lakes bulk freighter SS William serve our underwater heritage. Like G. Mather (built in 1925 in River Sea History Gazette also reports that many other Great Lakes wrecks, the Rouge, Michigan) is in doubt because the State of Connecticut has committed Alvin Clark was in a better state of its present owners, the Great Lakes some $2.5 million in state bonding preservation on the bottom than at the Historical Society, are threatened by funds for the construction of a replica surface, yet the temptation to salvage the loss of the vessel's berth and have of the Amistad, a Baltimore schooner so perfect a wreck proved irresistible. few prospects for another berth large owned in Cuba in the 1830s. In 1839 it enough for the 601-foot vessel. Nor is was transporting more than fifty Afri­ And such temptations will continue to government funding necessarily the cans, destined for slavery, from arise. The latest issue of the newsletter answer. According to a recent issue of Havana to another Cuban port when the of the Association for Great Lakes Sea History Gazette, restoration work Africans took over the vessel and Maritime History reports that this past on the battleship Texas, which served forced the crew to make passage for summer, researchers aboard the in both world wars, has been put on Africa. However, each night the research vessel Edwin Link found a hold indefmitely because the Texas Cubans turned the Amistad north and nearly intact nineteenth-eentury sailing Parks and Wildlife Department has west. After weeks at sea steering con­ schooner in 180 feet of water near Port decided that, with the most vital repairs flicting courses, the vessel was taken Dover, Ontario. The wreck is unique to the hull now complete, scarce fund­ by the US brig Washington off Mon­ because its two 84-foot masts are still ing must go to other repair projects tauk Point, New York. A series of intact and in standing position. Will with a higher priority. Channing legal battles ensued and the case this wreck survive much longer, now Zucker, executive director of the His­ became a focal point for the burgeoning that its position is known? Until we can toric Naval Ships Association, has abolitionist movement in the US. The approach such opportunities for marine therefore recommended that folks who Africans were subsequently released preservation with better knowledge, are interested in saving the Texas must and returned to Africa. technology and widespread support, work on new, innovative fund raising perhaps that's where this latest find methods to replace state money. Yet, The project to build a replica of the should remain, and the Alvin Clark even if those efforts succeed and Texas Amistad, under the title "Amistad should have remained. As Mr. Mercier survives, what of all the other projects America," will be run by the Connecti- 16 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

cut Afro-American Historical Society canal-sized bulk freighters on the Great a tug and gunboat, was relocated in and Mystic Seaport Museum, which is Lakes, was sold in 1993 to foreign May by the Maryland Historical Trust's constructing the vessel. This is a new operators, thereby bringing to an end underwaterarchaeologistBruce Thomp­ step for Mystic's shipyard; although the era of pre-Seaway shipping on the son with the aid of local divers. Tulip they have restored many vessels of all St. Lawrence River. Familiar to many sank in Maryland waters after the star­ descriptions, this will be the first built by its previous names, Tecumpseh and board boiler exploded, tearing the ship from scratch. The construction phase is New York News, the vessel had been apart and killing most of the fifty­ not expected to begin before 1996. idle at Montreal since September 1992. seven-man crew. A number of import­ When completed, the ship will spend According to Steamboat Bill, the new ant artifacts, taken by divers, have time at Mystic and New Haven, but owners, Beam Shipping, registered the recently been returned to the Navy. will also travel extensively as a sailing ship in Panama in 1993 under the name Though the archaeological provenance museum exhibit. Beam Beginner, but were unable to of the artifacts was lost when the site proceed very far because of ice damage was looted, they still provide a wealth UNESCO SLAVE ROUTE incurred last winter, forcing the vessel of information about life on the Tulip, to tie up at Trois Rivieres. and her provisioning and equipment. UNESCO has recently approved a ten­ year project entitled the "Slave Route" U.S. UNDERWATER On-going NRC projects concerning to stimulate further research into the ARC~EOLOGYPROGRAM other Navy shipwrecks involve the history of slavery in Africa, the drafting and implementation of plans Americas and Europe. The project will The Naval Historical Center in for the management and protection of also encourage preservation of historic Washington, DC continues to develop important Navy shipwrecks such as monuments, including research and its management program for naval USS Tecumseh in Mobile Bay, Alaba­ preservation of slave ship wreck sites. shipwrecks and submerged aircraft. To ma, and USS Cumberland and CSS For information, contact M. Doudou date the NRC program has drafted a Florida in Hampton Roads, Virginia. A Diene, UNESCO, 7 Place de Ronte­ submerged resources management plan, new initiative in the program is the noy, 75353 Paris 07-SP, France. initiated a comprehensive global inven­ development of partnerships with sev­ tory of over 2,000 shipwrecks, and eral state historic preservation offices EARLIEST SLAVER EVER FOUND funded projects involving underwater and universities. Using DoD Legacy archaeological investigations of Navy Resource Management Program fund­ When the UNESCO "slave route" wrecks and conservation of Navy arti­ ing, the states of Vermont, Maryland, project is finally completed, one wreck facts from underwater sites. Last June Texas, Florida, and North Carolina, in that will undoubtedly figure prominent­ the NRC also appointed Dave Whipple cooperation with the Navy, will survey ly will be that of the Henrietta Marie. as Aviation Coordinator to develop a and monitor naval shipwreck sites in According to the February issue of strategy for effectively managing its the waters of those states. Over the National Geographic, this is the earliest historic aircraft wreck sites. next fiscal year these projects are and only slave-ship to be identified and expected to promote preservation, properly excavated by nautical archae­ The program continued working toward management, and research in these ologists thus far. The Henrietta Marie its goal of creating a comprehensive areas. The NHC hopes to implement was an English ship engaged in a clas­ inventory of U.S. naval shipwrecks. similar projects with other states. sic triangular trade pattern in 1700 ­ Database manager Hallie Brooker from England with trade goods to West drafted documents on issues related to NAUTICAL ARC~OLOGY Africa where a cargo of slaves was management of the database, including - UNDERWATER... picked up for transportation to Jamaica; a preliminary policy regarding public there the ship received its final cargo of disclosure of wreck locations and stan­ The French conservation laboratory sugar and cotton, only to founder in a dard terminologies for vessel type, use, Archeolyse International, which has storm off the Florida Keys. Salvager cause ofloss, disposition, and location. been treating artifacts recovered from Mel Fisher found the wreck in 1972. Under the guidance of the NHC's un­ the remains of the CSS Alabama near Then, in the early 1980s, an excavation derwater archaeology program, surveys Cherbourg, is now treating the unique led by David Moore brought up mus­ were conducted on several Navy ship­ 7-inch Blakely muzzle-loading rifle kets, ivory tusks, trade beads, and wrecks last summer. In Maine, an cannon. The weight of the cannon is scores of iron shackles for adults and archaeological expedition led by Dr. 3200 kg (3.5 tons) and is complete with children. The ship's bell inscribed with Warren Reiss and comprised of stu­ its pivot, wrought iron fittings and its name led Moore to Henrietta Mar­ dents and faculty of the Maine Mari­ brass tracks. The cannon was loaded ie's historic records. time Academy and Massachusetts Insti­ with a 100 lb. shell when Alabama tute ofTechnology surveyed the Penob­ sank in June, 1864. The brass fuse is END OF AN ERA scot Bay in search of the wreckage of plainly visible and a special tool is the colonial fleet lost there in 1779. being made to unscrew it. Removal of The Stella Desgagnes, the last of the The Civil War shipwreck, USS Tulip, the projectile is necessary before the JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 17

cannon can be treated. of chemicals in residents' bodies and in Library (ISBN 0-9518327-0) provides the environment across the Great Lakes names, variant names, life dates, loca­ Elsewhere last summer, at the foot of region have dropped sharply since tions of birth & death, professional Duart Castle on the Isle of Mull, arch­ many toxic compounds were banned in association and an indication of the size aeologists have been working on the the 1970s and tens of billions of dollars of the Library's holdings for some remains of a Cromwellian shipwreck were spent on pollution equipment to 14,000 British artists who are repre­ (ca. 1653). A corrosion assessment was control others. Populations of some sented in the Library. Owing to the made of five cannon and an anchor. wild animals and birds have climbed strength of the Witt Library's holdings sharply. For instance, the numbers of of many minor and very minor artists, ...AND UNDERGROUND! double-crested cormorants, a water bird unique information is provided for that all but disappeared in the 1970s, many artists who cannot be traced even This past summer the US Army Corps have climbed to 12,000 nesting pairs in a wide range of other reference of Engineers was scheduled to begin according to the Environmental Protec­ dictionaries. excavating the wreck of the Civil War tion Agency. Bald eagles are nearing ironclad USS Eastport, which was the highest number ever encountered in NEW REFERENCE AID found lying underground on the west Michigan by wildlife biologists at bank of the Red River near Montgom­ Michigan State University. Bob Nicholls, an Australian living in ery, Louisiana. According to a story in New South Wales, recently published Steamboat Bill (Summer 1994), the MARITIME IMAGES IN Naval Notations: Warships in the Illus­ 700-ton, 280-foot ironclad began its ART DATABASE tratedLondon News 1842-1891. This is career as a sidewheel packet in 1852, an index and research aid ofnineteenth­ and was then taken over by Confeder­ The Witt Library of the Courtauld century warships appearing as litho­ ate forces for military purposes. Cap­ Institute of Art in London, England is graph illustrations in the pages of the tured by Union forces in 1862, the a photographic archive of Western art, Illustrated London News (/LN). The steamboat was converted into an iron­ paintings, drawings and prints from the index covers the years from 1842 - the clad gunboat, complete with two 100­ year 1200 to the present day, contain­ first year of publication - to c.1891, pounder Parrott rifles, four 9-inch ing approximately 1.7 million images after which photography was supersed­ Dahlgren shell guns, two 50-pounder and associated text. The Witt Computer ing the lithographs for which the peri­ Dahlgren rifles, and a crew of 150. Index covers some 50,000 items of odical is internationally famous. The While serving with Porter's expedition American art and some 50,000 items of book provides guidance as to the loca­ up the Red River in April 1864, the British eighteenth- and early nineteenth­ tion of illustrations and technical details vessel was partially sunk by a torpedo century art. This material is searchable during that most important evolutionary (mine) explosion. To prevent capture topics such as artist, owner, date and period of 630 warships destined for the by the enemy, the gunboat was stripped subject. For maritime or naval histor­ Royal Navy and the navies of the and then destroyed. The course of the ians, this means that the Library may United States, Russia, France, Japan, Red River subsequently shifted con­ be able to trace depictions of particular China and many smaller services such siderably, so that when the remains of named vessels or specific naval battles. as Egypt and the Vatican. If not actual­ the ironclad were discovered, they Queries to the Witt Computer Index ly built in the United Kingdom, they were a fair distance inland and fifty may be made by letter, fax, phone or were included in the pages of the /LN feet below the surface. A $150,000 e-mail. There are modest charges for for a variety of other reasons, such as contract was awarded to Northwestern cost of printouts or photocopies only. a naval or military campaign or per­ State University of Louisiana to study, Contact: Witt Computer Index, Cour­ haps shipwreck or exploratory enter­ catalog, and preserve artifacts tauld Institute of Art, Somerset House, prises. The main list gives each illus­ recovered from this wreck and that of Strand, London, WC2R ORN, England tration a number, identifies the ship by another, the sidewheel steam packet (tel.: + 44 071-873-2770; Fax: +44 name, type, class, shipyard where Edward F. Dix which snagged the 071-873-2772; e-mail: [email protected]. built, country, year, volume and page wreck of the Eastport in 1865 and sank kcl.bay). If replying bye-mail please in the /LN, a brief description of the at the same point. provide a full postal address for mail­ illustration and a coded evaluation of ing. Invoices will be provided with the its quality and detail. For those ships PROGRESS AGAINST POUUTION goods at time of shipping. not included in the main list, a subsidi­ ary table names over 300 sister ships in According to an item in a recent issue The Library has also recently published the Royal Navy. From this the appear­ of Inland Seas, there is evidence that a reference dictionary of British artists ance and detail of the whole class can progress is being made in the battle which has been compiled from the Witt be determined. Also included is a against the chemical pollution of the Computer Index and which is available concordance of volumes of publication Great Lakes. During a three-day con­ for purchase (£30, inclusive ofpost and - which is the method by which the ference held in Detroit last spring, packing). Checklist of British Artists periodical is usually filed in library scientists reported that concentrations c.I20D-I990 Represented in the Witt collections. One important section 18 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

unravels the often confusing nomencla­ generally. For more information, con­ computer mailboxes. Messages can be ture used to describe types and classes tact the HIMA at: 4 AI. Soutsou 106 saved, discarded, copied, printed out, of warships at different periods. Final­ 71 Athens, Greece (Tel.: + 30 1 360­ or relayed to someone else. The pur­ ly, a list of United Kingdom shipbuild­ 3662 or +30 1 361-0549; Fax: +301 pose of MARHST-L is to promote ing yards is included. 645-0033) communication among persons with a serious interest in maritime history and Naval Notations should be an invalu­ NEW JOURNAL ON WORLD WAR I maritime museums. This list provides a able research aid to naval and military forum for ideas and a place where historians, librarians, museums, and Over There! is a new illustrated quar­ subscribers may ask for information, genealogists. It can be ordered with terly devoted to the history of World post notices of meetings, programs for payment of AUS $17, £10, or US $13 War I. Actually, it is not all that new, conferences, announcements of new (prices include economy airmail) from: except to Your Editors; it's been scholarly projects, and queries about Bob Nicholls, 25 Duke Street, Balmain, around since the late 1980s. The focus particular problems. The editors of NSW 2041, Australia (tel.lFax: +612 is on the Allied side but the journal MARHST-L are Walter Lewis (walter. 810-7417). consistently publishes articles on the [email protected]), a marine his­ Central Powers as well. The editor, torian; Maurice D. Smith (mmuseum@ NEW PUBLICATION IN Bill Hoffman, is also anxious to get in qucdn.queensu.ca), the Curator at the MARINE ARCHAEOLOGY touch with people interested in World Marine Museum of the Great Lakes at War I maritime history. Each issue is Kingston; and John Summers (can­ The Hellenic Institute of Marine Arch­ about twenty pages in length, with two [email protected]), the Curator of the aeology was founded in 1973 with the or three articles. Subscriptions cost $24 Marine Museum ofUpper Canada. The object offurthering underwater archae­ in the USA, $29 in Canada, and sample editors describe themselves as being ology in Greece. It is a private scien­ issues can be ordered for $4. For infor­ "primarily facilitators," on duty to tific, technical, and non-profit organiz­ mation, contact Bill Hoffman, 7641 maintain the flow of information on the ation. The Institute's journal, which Seine Drive, Huntington Beach, CA list. was one of the projects laid down in its 92647, USA (tel.: 714-842-6529; Fax: charter, was published for the first time 714-375-2107; e-mail: bpwhoffman@ To subscribe, send a message to: in 1989 under the name Enalia. Four aol.com). [email protected] issues appear each year in Greek, In the first line of the message area reporting on the Institute's research A NEW ELECTRONIC DISCUSSION place the following: activities, publishing original articles by GROUP IN MARITIME HISTORY SUBSCRIBE MARHST-L (your name) Greek and foreign scholars and giving news aboutthe underwater archaeologi­ Today, it is possible to exchange letters You will receive an information mess­ cal scene. Another of Enalia's aims is (electronic mail or e-mail), monitor age in return. to become a specialized scientific jour­ electronic bulletin boards that specialize nal on underwater archaeology, some­ in many different kinds of information, OTHER MARITIME RESOURCES thing that is lacking in Greece. participate in discussions with folks ON THE INTERNET around the world who share in your However, in order to make itself more interests, and even gain access to, and In addition to MARHST-L, every pass­ accessible to the Institute's correspon­ acquire electronically, everything from ing day brings new and more wonder­ ding members, friends and anyone con­ documents to archival finding aids to ful resources in maritime and nautical nected with underwater archaeology pictures. If your particular passion is history to those who are connected with abroad, it has been decided to publish nautical research - and if you are modems into the global information an annual version of Enalia in English, reading this, we assume that you are! ­ networks through computers in their with translations of the most important and you have the necessary computer offices or at their homes. What follows articles from the previous year's issues technology to "plug in" to the elec­ is just a small indication of some of of Enalia, original contributions by tronic network, then you are invited to those possibilities. foreign colleagues, and information subscribe to MARHST-L, a list for about the previous year's underwater those with an interest in maritime 1. RMS Titanic mailing list archaeological developments in Greece. history and maritime museums. Anyone interested in the ill-fated RMS Titanic which sank in 1912 might be The Institute hopes that the Enalia MARHST-L is an international elec­ interested in this new mailing list. The Annual, in addition to being a special­ tronic discussion group sponsored by list currently consists of a small group ized journal, will serve as a forum for the Marine Museum of the Great Lakes of dedicated enthusiasts from the USA scientific dialogue and the exchange of at Kingston with the assistance of and the UK who engage in lively dis­ information with colleagues outside Queen's University at Kingston. Sub­ cussion and information exchange. Greece to promote scientific knowledge scription is free, and subscribers will Subscribers are fairly flexible on sub­ in the field of underwater archaeology automatically receive messages in their ject, and have indicated that they will JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 19

"happily natter about other classic Mike welcomes lots offeedback. At the Larry Jewell at Purdue University ocean liners." moment he has lots of titles and dates, ([email protected]) has but not much in the way of commen­ compiled a GIF file of pictures of To join the mailing list send an e-mail tary. He is slowly entering additional historic naval vessels; most are early message to [email protected]. information and will gladly add any twentieth century battle-wagons with uk with a blank subject and the words information others can provide. some nineteenth century monitors and "subscribe titanic" (minus quotes) on ironclads, but as you can see from the the first line. If you encounter diffi­ The bibliography may be obtained in following sampling, there are also Brit­ culties, contact postmaster@aristo. one of several forms. Here are your ish and European warships as well as demon. co. uk for assistance. An FAQ options: warships from the days of sail. It is (= Frequently Asked Questions bull­ subbib.tar.gz is a gzipped tar file possible to access this file through the etin) is posted monthly with useful containing all of the files listed Internet and import the pictures directly addresses and unsubscribing details. below. It also includes a copy ofthis to your home computer. Your editor README, and hardcopy.mgs, has not tried this himself, but he has 2. Bibliography of Submarine Litera­ which is the gross input file that seen it demonstrated, and it is certainly ture Mike used to create the hardcopy very impressive. Here, for instance, is A bibliography of submarine literature versions of the bibliography. a list of new files, together with a brief is now available on-line; it is main­ description of the contents and identifi­ tained by Mike Driscoll (driscoll@ee. subbib.refgz is the gzipped refer cation number of the picture, which pdx.edu), an Associate Professor in the source for the bibliography. were recently added to the master file: Department ofElectrical Engineering at Portland State University (PSSU) and hardcopy.ps.gz is compressed Post­ 3_iron.gif Three ironclads off compiled by him with the assistance of script, a printable version of the Cairo, Ill., 1863. L to R: Baron de several people, including Scott Swartz­ bibliography. Kalb, Cincinnati, and Mound City. ell ([email protected]), Jim Holton NH 5663 Gim_holton@ cellbio.duke.edu), and hardcopy.txt.gz is compressed ASCII Tom Balent ([email protected]. text for a printable version of the bb05.gif USS Kearsarge, BB-5. com), who contributed a list of over bibliography. NR&L(OLD) 11409 425 books). Larry Jewell Gewell@ mace.cc.purdue.edu) has provided a 3. NAUTARCH (Nautical Archaeology bb06.gifUSS Kentucky, BB-6. NH home for the bibliography on the byrd mailing list) 61959 archive and PSU has generously pro­ NAUTARCH is a nautical/maritime vided disk space. The bibliography archaeology mailing list which recently bb15.gifUSS Georgia, BB-15. NH describes literature about submarines became fully functional, and is now 73911 and is maintained in refer format, available for appropriate posting. The which is supported by many tools, Iistgroup was unusual in that, through bb28j .gif 112797 Nov 20 - USS including the GNU version of troff, the efforts of its organizer, Dr. Richard Delaware, c. 1918, at Rosyth. groff, a translator to bibtex format, and C. Cassin, the Executive Director of Imperial War Museum. at least one MS-Windows program, the Ocean Sciences Research Institute WinRefer. The bibliography is now in San Diego, California, there were bb30.gif 94822 Nov 6 - USS publicly available from two sources: already 200 subscribers from around Florida, BB-30, commissioned 15 the world registered before the list September, 1911, struck 6 April, 1. From Portland State University's EE became fully functional. Anyone who 1931. NH 54174 Department, Portland, Oregon. At least was not one of the original subscribers two access methods are possible: but who would now like to join the bb32_1.gif 115078 Nov 20 USS (i) anonymous ftp from ftp.ee.pdx. group is asked to send the briefest Wyoming. US Navy. edu in the directory /pub/users/jac­ possible message requesting that you be ulty/driscoll/submarine; you can subscribed to: bb33_1.gif 229786 Nov 20 USS save typing by entering 'cd submar­ NA [email protected] Arkansas, unmodified configuration. ine:' instead. To UNsubscribe, please send a brief Imperial War Museum. (ii) via Mike's WWW homepage note to that effect to this same address. http://www.ee.pdx.edu/-driscoll Once subscribed, messages can be bb33_2.gif 116447 Nov 20 USS posted to the group at the following Arkansas, c. 1943. Secondary guns 2. From byrd.mu.wvnet.edu in the dir­ posting address: replaced by AAA. US Navy. ectory /pub/history/military/sub.bibs/ NA [email protected] Driscoll.bibs. This site is mirrored all bb36j.gif 158749 Nov 20 USS over the place, so check around. 4. Images ofnaval history by computer Nevada, as built. US Navy. 20 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

bb36_2.gif 102855 Nov 20 USS enterpri.gif 160424 Nov 6 Schooner Naval Historical Foundation have Nevada, after first major overhaul. Enterprise, c. 1812, shown in brig­ awarded the annual Ernest M. Eller US Navy. antine rig. NH 91722 Prize in Naval History to Professor Frederick S. Harrod of the Naval Aca­ bb36_3.gif 122394 Nov 20 USS f_g_1.gif 93550 Nov 20 SMS demy History Department for his Nevada, during WWIT. US Navy. Friedrich Der Grosse. Imperial War article "New Technology in the Old Museum. Navy: The United States Navy during bb39.gif 66902 Nov 6 USS Ari­ the 1870s," published in The American zona, BB-39, c. 1917, launched 17 fuso_1.gif 70999 Nov 20 IJN Neptune, Vol. 53 (JVinter 1993). The Oct 1916, sunk 7 Dec 1941. NH Fuso, post-conversion. Note article examined the development of 95244 "Pagoda" mast. Imperial War new naval technology during the 1870s, Museum. a period traditionally conceived of as bb43j 60531 Nov 20 USS Califor­ the "doldrums" in terms of US naval nia, during WWll. US Navy. g_c_1.gif 94367 Nov 20 Italian activity, but which actually laid the Giulio Cesare, c. 1917. Imperial groundwork for the "New Navy" of the bb44_1.gif 153435 Nov 20 USS War Museum. 1880s. Tennessee, during WWll. US Navy. g_k_1.gif 132519 Nov 20 SMS Honorable Mentions were awarded to bb58j.gif 205311 Nov 20 USS Grosser Kurfurst, first German Gene A. Smith of Texas Christian Indiana, during wwn. US Navy. "Dreadnought" with main batteries University for his article "For the on centerline axis. Imperial War Purposes of Defense: Thomas Jeffer­ bb61 222958 USS Iowa. US Navy. Museum. son's Naval Militia," reexamining the President's naval policy in a time of bb64.gif 137699 Nov 6 USS The entire list was too long too repeat down-sizing; and to Thomas Wilden­ Minnesota, BB-64, 11 Nov 44, at here, but included a variety of World berg for "Chester Nimitz and the Dev­ Pearl Harbor, alongside USS Okla­ War I and IT vintage warships of sev­ elopment of Fueling at Sea," an analy­ homa, BB-37 (the "Okie" is being eral nations. sis of naval logistics. These articles prepared for return to CONUS.) were published in The American Nep­ Commissioned 16 Apr 1944. You can access byrd.mu.wvnet.edu via tune and Naval War College Review World Wide Web (JVWW) or gopher. respectively. bm-2.gif 69815 v 9 USS Amphi­ Web clients may access this site at: trite, coastal monitor, launched 7 http://history. cc. ukans. edu/his­ The Eller Prize encourages excellence Jun 1883, commissioned 23 Apr torylWWW_history_main.html in research, writing, and publication on 1895, struck 24 Jul 1919. Here, for instance, is the path Larry the history of the U.S. Navy, and Jewell himself uses to access byrd via includes a $1,000 honorarium. Nomina­ caD2.gif 79214 v 9 USS New the gopher at Purdue University. tions for articles published in scholarly York, commissioned 1 Aug 1893, Academic Resources on the Internet journals in 1994 should be sent to: struck 28 Oct 1938. (by Subject)1 Senior Historian, Naval Historical Humanities/Social Sciences Reading Center, 901 M Street SE, Washington, c08.gif 82720 v 9 "Protected Rooml DC 20374-5060 by 1 March 1995. cruiser" USSRaleigh, commissioned History Network 17 Apr 1894, struck 10 Apr 1920 Login: history CONFERENCES AND CALLS Resources: Historical Data Bases FOR PAPERS constitu.gif 84469 Nov 6 Frigate byrd: Historical Archives (ftp Constitution, 18 Aug 1914, shown byrd.mu.mvnet.edu) CONFERENCE: "PATHWAYS after 1907 rebuild. Cruiser Chester TO AMERICAN CULTURE" in the background. NH 55907 FTP visitors should go to Ipub/history The Institute for the History of Tech­ cv02.gif 85530 Nov 6 USS Lexing­ alternative sites (mirrors) include: nology and Industrial Archaeology at ton, CV-2, 31 May 34, with a deck­ sunsite.unc.edu West Virginia University is sponsoring load of biplanes and showing that Ipub/academic/historyImarshalll a conference on transportation and distinctive profile clearly. NARA settlement patterns in the United States 80-G-415861 president.oit.unc.edu on 22-23 April, 1995. Topics covered Ipub/academiclhistoryImarshalll will include transportation and com­ dn_1.gif 147848 Nov 20 HMS munity, the nineteenth-century internal Dreadnought, c. 1906. Imperial War EllER PRIZE improvements movement, structures Museum. (including turnpikes, railroads, water­ The Naval Historical Center and the ways and modern highways), and JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 21

Indian trails to river channels, ending Labor History, Anthropology, and viduals who wish to propose a paper or with a discussion on the uses of history others. Contact James A. Miller, Ame­ an entire panel should submit an by national parks, heritage corridors, rican Studies Program, Trinity College, abstract of approximately 250 words to and projects documenting historic Hartford, CT 06106 (tel.: 203-297­ Dr. William B. Cogar, Department of engineering structures. Speakers will 2429). Deadline February 15, 1995. History, United States Naval Academy, include John Mack Faragher of Yale Annapolis, Maryland, 21402-5044, University, John Lauritz Larson of CONFERENCE: "HUMAN SOCIETIES USA. The deadline for proposals is 1 Purdue University, Arthur Gomez of AND MARINE ECOLOGY IN THE May 1995. Please note that, according the National Park Service, Sante Fe, NORTH A1UNTIC REGION" to our traditional procedure, individuals New Mexico, and Michal McMahon of who presented papers at the previous West Virginia University. This event The Maritime Studies Research Unit at (1993) symposium are not eligible to do will be held in Wheeling, West Vir­ Memorial University of Newfoundland so at the 1995 conference. They may, ginia, the terminus of the Baltimore & will hold a conference on October 13­ though, serve as moderators and com­ Ohio Railroad and the Cumberland IS, 1995 on "Human Societies and mentators. Road, and the site of such historic Marine Ecology in the North Atlantic structures as the Ellet-Roebling suspen­ Region, 1500-1995." A preliminary CALL FOR PAPERS: sion bridge. For information, contact programme for this inter-disciplinary BALTIC SEMINAR Michal McMahon, IHTIA, West Vir­ has already been arranged, with ses­ ginia University, 1535 Mileground, sions on "Marine Resources in Histori­ The Provincial Museum ofKymenlaak­ Morgantown, WV 26505-6305 (tel.: cal Perspective," "Fishing Crises in so in Kotka, Finland will host the XIth 304- 293-2421, ext. 5242; e-mail: Early Modern History," "Maritime International Baltic Seminar in August [email protected]). Communities: Strategies and Adapta­ 1996. The theme will be "Lighthouses" tion," "Traditional Ecological Knowl­ and lectures will be in English. The INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR edge," "Maritime Ecology and Under­ museum is looking forward to making THE STUDY OF MARITIME MISSION development," "Property Rights in the contact with researchers interested in Maritime Environment," and "Fishing presenting papers on the theme. The The 1995 conference of the Interna­ Industries and Government Manage­ papers will be published. For more tional Association for the Study of ment." For more information, contact information contact: Director Eira Maritime Mission will meet in Liver­ Prof. Daniel Vickers, Chair, Maritime Karppinen, Provincial Museum of pool, England on April 24-27, 1995. Studies Research Unit, Memorial Uni­ Kymenlaasko, Kotkankatu 13, SF­ The preliminary program includes bversity of Newfoundland St. John's, 48100 Kotka, Finland (tel.: +358 (among others) papers by J.D. Alsop Newfoundland A1C 5S7 (tel.: 709-737­ 52-274-430). on "Shipboard Religion in English 8425; FAX: 709-737-2164; e-mail: Maritime Society, c1550-1620," P.J. [email protected]). AROUND MARITIME JOURNALS Moree on "Serving Two Masters: Preachers & sick-comforters of the CALL FOR PAPERS: Many articles on maritime topics ap­ Dutch East India Company," Stephen 12th NAVAL HISTORY SYMPOSIUM pear in journals that are not specifically H. Park on New York's Mariner dedicated to maritime themes. William Church, and Alston Kennerly on The History Department of the United E. Englebrecht and Carl K. Seyfert are "Frank Bullen, Christian Maritime States Naval Academy will sponsor the the authors of "Paleoindian Watercraft: Author. " Conference arrangements can Twelfth Naval History Symposium in Evidence and Implications," North be made by contacting Robert Miller, Annapolis, Maryland on 25-27 October American Archaeologist 15, No. 3 Stella Maris, 66 Dock Road, Tilbury, 1995. Past symposia have brought (1994),221-34; the article explores the Essex RM18 7BX, England. together an international assembly of implications of possible Paleoindian historians concerned with the entire boat use for a new understanding ofthe "RACE, CULTURE, & POWER IN spectrum of naval history from ancient colonization, hunting, settlement loca­ NORTH AMERICAN times to the present and including the tion and lithic procurement in prehis­ MARITIME COMMUNITIES" United States, European, Asian, and toric North America. The Journal of South American navies. A similar World History 5, No.2 (Fall 1994) ran "Race, Culture, & Power in North range of papers is anticipated in 1995. a two-article "Forum on the Pacific American Maritime Communities" is Islands in World History." In "The the theme of a conference to be held at As with past symposia there is no Other One-Third of the Globe" (273­ Mystic Seaport Museum, Mystic, central theme for this conference. 97), Ben Finney discusses the naviga­ Connecticut, in mid-September, 1995. However, to help celebrate the 150th tional methods and seafaring technol­ One goal is dialogue on the intersection anniversary of the US Naval Academy ogy with which ancient Polynesians of Maritime Studies and subjects such in 1995, special attention will be given explored and colonized the Pacific as Urban History, Native American to those papers on the general subject between 1500 BC and AD 1000. In "Of Studies, African American Studies, of naval education and training. Indi- Rats and Men: A Synoptic Environ- 22 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995 mental History of the Island Pacific" 1994), 3-27 and looks at the success mer of 1862" appeared in Civil War (299-349), J.R. McNeill compares and and tribulations of seven "great" mer­ History 40, No.3 (September 1994), contrasts the environmental impact of chants of France who participated in 226-47. Robert J. Schneller, Jr. con­ the two great human invasions in the the trans-Atlantic trade with New tributed an essay on "John A. Dahl­ Pacific - the faunal effects of the orig­ France. Hans Rollmann profiles a gren: Bureaucratic Entrepreneur," the inal settlers and the sets of consequen­ pioneer of early eighteenth-eentury inventor of the Dahlgren gun, in Pull ces of population change, invasion by Newfoundland's salmon fishery in Together, the newsletter of the Naval exotic species and the impact of large­ "'Thy Real Friend George Skeffing­ Historical Foundation and the Naval scale market connections in the after­ ton:' Quaker and Salmon Fishing Pion­ Historical Center, vol. 33, No.1 (Spr­ math of European penetration. C.S.L. eer in Eighteenth-Century Newfound­ ing/Summer 1994), 1-5. Dale Stevens Davies wrote on "The alleged 'sack of land," The Journal of the Friends' is the author of "The Colorado River Bristol': international ramifications of Historical Society 57, No. 1 (1994), System, Corridor or Barrier to Devel­ Breton privateering, 1484-5" in the 13-20. J.C.H. King contributed "Van­ opment?, " Journal ofthe West 33, No. journal Historical Research 67, No. couver's Ethnography: A Preliminary 3 (July 1994), 45-58; included in this 164 (October 1994), 230-39. Jacques Description of Five Inventories from article is a discussion of the role played Heers is the author of "Aux origines the Voyage of 1791-95" in Journal of by the Colorado River as a navigation des Grandes Decouvertes: l'experience the History of Collections 6, No. 1 and transportation system in the nine­ du navigateur, aventurier et pirate" in (1994), pp. 35-58. In "The geography teenth century. Three of the eleven Cahiers d'Histoire 13, No.2 (automne of piracy: northern Morocco in the articles in the October 1994 issue of 1993), pp. 11-22. In that same issue, mid-nineteenth century," Journal of Journal of the West (33, No.4) are Raymonde Litalien examines the sig­ Historical Geography 20, No.3 (July devoted to the nineteenth-century nificance of the Age of Discovery to 1994),272-82, C.R. Pennell examined Pacific Northwest: an article by Kurt Europe in "L'Europe maritime se pirates operating in small boats against Dunbar and Chris Friday is entitled tourne vers 1'0uest," pp. 31-42, Chris­ European shipping in the Straits of "Salmon, Seals, and Science: The tian Laville examines the historiogra­ Gibraltar. The Peabody Essex Museum Albatross and Conservation in Alaska, phy of early discovery in "CoI6n, Collections 130, No.1 (January 1994) 1888-1914," 6-13; Jim Delgado con­ Caboto, Cartier et les autres qui etaient carried "Henry Wheatland's Journal of tributed an article on "The Wreck of deja la...L'historiographie scolaire de a Voyage to the Azores: Literal tran­ the Pacific Mail Steamship Tennessee," la 'decouverte' au Canada (XXe scription and introduction" by Rob 14-21; and Ted C. Hinckley wrote siecle), " pp. 124-45, and Robert Delort Moir, pp. 36-54. Henry Wheatland about "The Hoonah's 1862 Seizure of explores the question "Les Basques ont­ served on the American whaler Malay the Hudson's Bay Company Steamer ils atteint Ie Canada avant 1492?," pp. in 1839 as a "naturalist." In "The III Labouchere - A Mixed Message," 22­ 23-30. In "Vers une chronologie des and the Dying: Family Records from 27. In "H.M.S. Calypso: The Grand occupations basques du Saint-Laurent the Lady Constable Affair," The Island Old Ship We Scuttled," Newfoundland du XVI' au xvm' siecle: un retour a Magazine No. 36 (Fall/Winter 1994), Quarterly 89, No.1 (Fall 1994), 2-9, I'histoire, " Laurier Turgeon attempts to pp.35-39. Edward MacDonald edits the Walter C. Sellars reminisces about a refine the chronology ofBasque sites in 1848 Report to the House of Assembly ship that began its career in 1885 as a the Gulf and estuary of St. Lawrence (Prince Edward Island) in which the sail/steam corvette in the Royal Navy during the sixteenth to eighteenth cen­ Board of Health published the list of before serving out her days· in New­ turies by drawing on both the archae­ patients treated for typhus that they foundland after 1902, first as a training ological record and a wide range of contracted during the infamous voyage ship for the Naval Reserve (renamed historical sources; the article appeared of a passenger ship bound from Briton after World War I), then pur­ in Recherches amerindiennes au Que­ Liverpool to North America. Under­ chased by private interests in 1922 for bec 24, No.3 (Automne 1994), 3-15. water archaeological excavations pro­ storage, and finally, in 1952, removed Michael Barkham examines "French vide the framework for an article by to Lewisporte for eventual scrapping in Basque 'New Found Land' Entrepre­ Max Guerot entitled "The Wreck of the 1969. The Beaver is observing its 75th neurs and the Import of Codfish and C.S.S. Alabama: Avenging Angel of anniversary by reprinting articles from Whale Oil to Northern Spain, c.1580 to the Confederacy" which appeared in past issues. The first reprint, in vol. c.1620: The Case of Adam de Chibau, the National Geographic 186, No. 6 74, No. 6 (December 1994/January Burgess of Saint-Jean-de-Luz and (December 1994), pp.66-83. Guerot, 1995), is "An Arctic Odyssey" by 'Sieur de St. Julien'" in Newfoundland the Chief Archaeologist of the C.S.S. Clifford Wilson. This article was first Studies 10, No.1 (Spring 1994), 1-43. Alabama Association, is featured in the published in March 1945, and describes J.F. Bosher is the author of "Sept "On Assignment" column in that same the historic second voyage of the grands marchands catholiques francais issue, as is photographer Rod M. Farb, RCMP vessel St. Roch through the participant au commerce avec la whose spectacular work illustrates the Northwest Passage in 1944. Nouvelle-France (1660-1715)." The article. An article by K. Hackemer article appeared in Revue d'histoire de entitled "The Other Union Ironclad: Bick Squires examines the British raids l'Amerique franfaise 48, No. 1 (Ete, The USS Galena and the Critical Sum- on the German-occupied Belgian ports JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 23 ofZeebrugge and Ostend in April 1918 Winter 1994), pp. 2-7. Gary Weir (1993/94), pp. 1-14. In "Early in "Storm the Mole!," an article contributed "The Next Time You Go Attempts at Aquaculture in Malawi and appearing in the illustrated journal of for a Walk...Project Nobska, 1956" in Implications for Future Projects," World War I, Over There! 7, No.4 the previous issue ofPull Together (33, Journal of Asian and African Studies (Winter 1994), 3-7, 15-16. The Journal No.1, Spring/Summer 1994), 5-8. 28, Nos. 3-4 (July-October 1994), pp. of Strategic Studies 17, No.2 (June Project Nobska was a kind of "think 145-161, Owen J.M. Kalinga looks at 1994) carried a number of articles that tank" established in response to the US government efforts to promote fish will interest naval historians: R.M. Navy's Chief of Naval Operations farming in rural Malawi since the late Salerno examined "Multicultural Strat­ desire in 1955 for an anti-submarine 1940s. The superstitions of mariners is egy and Diplomacy: The Anglo-Ger­ warfare weapons study. the focus of "All at Sea? The Survival man Naval Agreement and the Mediter­ ofSuperstition," a contribution by Alec raneanCrisis, 1935-1936;" I. Cowman The Newfoundland herring fishery Gill to the "Cross-Currents" column in contributed "Main Fleet to Singapore: figures prominently in W.G. Reeves, History Today 44, No. 12 (December Churchill, the Admiralty, and Force "Aping the 'American Type': The 1994),9-11. A. Green is the author of Z;" and S. Prince examines "The Con­ Politics of Development in Newfound­ "The Unimportance ofArbitration? The tribution of the Royal Navy to the land, 1900-1908," Newfoundland New Zealand Waterfront 1915-1951," United Nations Forces During the Studies 10, No. 1 (Spring 1994), 44­ New Zealand Journal of History 28, Korean War." The 50th anniversary 72. "The night the sea smashed Lord's No.2 (October 1994), 145-59. G.P. observances ofD-Day saw a substantial Cove" by Maudi Whelan examines the Taylor offers a re-assessment of the volume of publications; one of particu­ 1929 tsunami that devastated New­ July 1985 sinking of the protest vessel lar note was Michael Whitby's essay on foundland's Burin Peninsula in 1929; Rainbow Warrior in "Victim or Ag­ "The Royal Canadian Navy in Oper­ the article appears in Canadian Geo­ gressor? New Zealand and the Rainbow ation Overlord, June-August 1944" graphic 114, No.6 (October 1994), pp. Warrior Affair," Journal ofImperial & which appeared in The Canadian 70-73, and includes interviews with Commonwealth History 22, No. 3 Defence Quarterly/Revue canadiennede CNRS member Alan Ruffman, an (September 1994), 512-30. defence 23, No.4 (June 1994), pp. 39­ expert on tsunamis generally and on the 42. World War II also provided the 1929 event in particular. The British American Heritage 45, No.6 (October focus of two articles in The Journal of journal Geographical is the latest to 1994) carried an article by J. CoIihan Military History that will interest naval offer its readers an essay on the col­ entitled "Fair Harbor: Historic St. historians. In "A British Plan to Invade lapse ofthe Newfoundland cod fishery; Michael, Maryland, Home ofthe Ches­ England, 1940," pp. 663-684, John P. see "A fishy tale" by Yva Momatiuk apeake Bay Maritime Museum," pp. Campbell looks at the efforts of an ad and John Eastcott in Vol. 66, No. 11 26-29. hoc committee appointed by the British (November 1994), 32-7. Omer Chouin­ Chiefs of Staff to anticipate German ard examines the several factors caus­ AMERICAN NEPTUNE strategy by adopting the enemy's point ing change within the Acadian fishery (LN, NO.3, SUMMER 1994) ofview. One of the German operations since World War II in "Les agents du they were asked to 'plan' in this way changement dans l'activite de la peche Donald Petrie, "Forbidden Prizes," was a cross-Channel invasion scheduled de la peninsule acadienne: un point de 165-74 [prize law] for 1 April, 1942. In "Communications vue sociologique," Revue de l'Univer­ Paul E. Fontenoy, "The Early Evol­ Intelligence and the Sinking of the U­ site de Moncton 27, No.2 (1994), pp. ution of the Sloops of the Hudson 1062: 30 September 1944," pp. 685­ 155-177. In that same issue, pp. 179­ River, 1620-1800," 175-86 698, David Syrett offers an analysis of 206, Maurice Beaudin looks at the Charles Dana Gibson, "Prisoners of the role played by communications Acadia fishing industry today in War vs. Internees: The Merchant intelligence in US Navy efforts to hunt "Peches acadiennes du Nouveau-Bruns­ Mariner Experience of World War down and destroy a German submarine. wick: Transformation et mise en mar­ II," 187-93 Alastair Cooper is the author of "At the che." "Policy and Practice in the Atlan­ Philip Ranlet, "The Fate of the Crossroads: Anglo-Australian Naval tic Fisheries: Problems of Regulatory Washington, 1775-1776: A Preced­ Relations, 1945-1971" which appeared Enforcement," an article by A. Bruce ent for Future British Conduct," in that same issue of JMH, pp. 699­ Arai, appeared in Canadian Public 194-8 718. In "The Battle of Surigao Strait," Policy/Analyse de Politiques 20, No.4 Admiral James L. Holloway recalls his (December 1994), pp. 353-64; the Notes & Documents experience as gunnery officer of the article takes as its particular focus the Kevin K. Oakes, "The Periagua: A destroyer USS Bennion during that Scotia-Fundy region. "Lightning Bolts Traditional Workboat of the New decisive action in the Battle for Leyte and Sparrow Wings: A Comparison of York/New Jersey Area," 199-204 Gulf in 1944; the article appears in Pull Coast Salish Fishing Rights in British Victor A. Lewinson, "The John Together: The Newsletter of the Naval Columbia and Washington State" by William Stark Shipping Papers," Historical Foundation and the Naval Daniel L. Boxberger appeared 10 204-7 Historical Center 33, No. 2 (Fall/ Native Studies Review 9, No. 24 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

AMERICAN NEPTUNE Island Sailors on Euroamerican News (LTV, Special Supplement, 1994) Maritime Frontiers," 83-114 Ann Allen, "Maritime archaeology in "United States Trade With China John Mannion, "Waterford and the Britain and Ireland in 1993," 147­ 1784-1814" South ofEngland: Spatial Patterns in 53 Rhys Richards Shipping Commerce, 1766-1777," 115-53 MARINE POLICY Rhys Richards, "Introduction: United Erik Gebel, "Shipping through the Port (XVIII, NO.6, NOVEMBER 1994) States Trade With China 1784­ of St. Thomas, Danish West Indies, Special Issue: Britain and the Sea: 1814: 5-8 1816-1917," 155-73 The future "Summary Table of American Vessels Neil Cooper & David Whitmarsh, at China 1784-1814: 9 "Production and Prices in the Her­ John Woods, "The Global Ocean Ob­ Rhys Richards & Mary Malloy, "Unit­ ring Industry ofEngland and Wales, serving System," 445-52 ed States Trade With China in the 1900 to 1944," 175-93 Anthony S. Laughton, "Using the First Two Decades, 1784-1804," 10­ Frank Broeze, "Mr. Brooks and the ocean wisely: the waste problem," 44 Writing of Maritime Business His­ 453-56 Rhys Richards & Briton C. Busch, tory," 217-24 John King, "Beyond the shoreline: the "United States Trade With China in Gordon Jackson, "Some Problems of marine estate," 457-63 the Third Decade, 1805-1814," 45­ Decision-Making in a Changing Harold Hughes, "Offshore oil and gas: 66 World," 260-77 The UK's second most valuable "List of Sources," 67-74 resource," 464-71 "Index," 75-6 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Lord Clinton-Davis, "The UK, Europe OF NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY and the global maritime trading FRESHWATER (IX., NO.2, 1994) (XXIII, NO.2, MAY 1994) system," 472-75 Wim A.G. Blonk, "Developments in J.R.G. Bleasby, "SS Cayuga and the Warren Blake & Michael Flecker, "A EU maritime transport policy," 476­ Toronto-Queenston Steamer Ser­ preliminary survey of a South-East 82 vice," 3-26 Asian wreck, Phu Quoc Island, Patricia Birnie, "Maritime policy and "Cayuga Selected Documents," 27-30 Vietnam," 73-91 legal issues: Impact of the LOS "Notes: C.H.J. Snider," 31 Ehud Galili & Jacob Sharvit; Michal convention and UNCED on UK R.B. Townshend, "C.J.H. Snider, 'The Artzy, "Reconsidering Byblian and maritime law and policy," 483-83 Skipper'," 32-5 Egyptian stone anchors using D.H. Anderson, "LOS Convention: numeral methods: new fmds from Status and prospects," 494-97 INLAND SEAS (L, NO.3, FALL 1994) the Israeli coast," 93-107 Russell Sunderland, "Marine adminis­ J. Barto Arnold ill, Laura Landry, tration: A new structure at the UK Julius F. Wolff, Jr., "Hazards for George Roseberry, & Jim Hauser, Department of Transport," 498-500 Hookers: The Lumber Ships ofLake "Preliminary mapping of the Caney Rear Admiral Michael L. Stacey, Superior, Part I," 161-77 Creek Wreck: a model of appropri­ "Legislation, regulation and govern­ Dana T. Bowen, "The Old Lake Trip­ ate private sector access to an his­ ment administration," 501-05 lets," 194-8 (repr., Vol. I, 1945) toric shipwreck," 109-13 Captain B.B. Stubbs, "The US Coast R.W. England, "The Engineer," 199­ Andre Wegener Sleeswyk & Fik Mei­ Guard: A unique instrument of US 201 (repr., Vol. I, 1945) jer, "Launching Philopater's national security," 506-20 R.G. Plumb, "The Goodrich Line," 'forty'," 115-8 Vice-Admiral L.E. Murray, "Maritime 202-8 (repr., Vol. I, 1945) Sean A. Kingsley & Kurt Raveh, Enforcement: The Canadian federal "Stamped lead ingots from the coast government's marine fleets and the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF of Israel," 119-28 navy's mission," 521-29 MARITIME HISTORY Pjotr Sorokin, "Some results of the Rear Admiral J.R. Brigstocke, "UK (VI, No.2, December 1994) study ofmedieval boatbuilding tradi­ maritime defence," 530-33 tions in north-west Russia," 129-39 WiI1em van Eekelen, "Naval cooper­ Lance van Sittert, "South Africa's Sea­ ation in WEU," 534-37 going Proletariat: The Trawler and Technical Communication Line Fishermen's Union, 1939­ Roger W. Hill, "A Dynamic Context MARINER'S MIRROR 1945," 1-44 Recording and Modelling System for (LXXX, NO.4, NOVEMBER 1994) John Armstrong, "Late Nineteenth­ archaeology," 141-145 Century Freight Rates Revisited: Doreen Hobbs, "Royal Ships and Their Some Evidence from the British Note Flags in the Late Fifteenth and Coastal Trade," 45-81 Arne Emil Christensen, "The copper Early Sixteenth Centuries," 388-394 David A. Chappell, "Kru and Kanaka: cauldron of Sainte Dorothea. A J.D. Alsop and K.R. Dick, "The Ori­ Participation by African and Pacific comment," 146 gin of Public Tendering for Royal JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 25

Navy Provisions, 1699-1720," 395­ OCEAN DEVELOPMENT 10 402 AND INTERNATIONAL LAW (XXV, Lewis R. Fischer, "The Efficiency of David F. Marley, "A Fearful Gift: The NO.4, OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1994) Maritime Labour Markets in the Spanish Naval Build-Up in the West Age of Sail: The Post-1850 Norwe­ Indies, 1759-1762," 403-17 Donald C. Woodworth, "The Exclusive gian Experience," 111-40 John Naish, "The Achievements of Economic Zone and the United Morten Hahn-Pedersen and Poul Holm, Captain George Vancouver: A States Insular Areas: A Case for "The Danish Maritime Labour Mar­ Reassessment After 200 Years," Shared Sovereignty," 365-90 ket, 1880-1900," 141-66 418-30 Keith McBride, "Queen Victoria's Report SEA HISTORY Banlecruisers: The Canopus and Patrick J. O'Keefe and James A.R. (NO. 70, SUMMER 1994) Duncan Class Battleships," 431-49 Nafziger, "The Draft Convention on A.B. Sainsbury, "The Origins of the the Protection of the Underwater Peter Stanford, "The Cape Horn Road, Society for Nautical Research, " 450­ Cultural Heritage," 391-418 Part I: the Ships and Men that 8 Made the World's Most Difficult Comments Passage by Sea," 11-14 Notes Barbara Kwiatkowska and Alfred Walter Cronkite and Walter Jaffe, N.A.M. Rodger, "The Norman Soons, "Plutonium Shipments -A "Returning to Normandy," 16-17 Invasion of 1066," 459-63 Supplement," 419-49 Kevin Haydon and Peter Stafford, R.N.J. Wright, "The Riddle ofGilkick­ Liyu Wang and Peter H. Pearse, "The "Britain Looks Back," 18-19 er," 463-6 New Legal Regime for China's David V.V. Wood, "Sail Training: The Robert Malster, "The Rig of the Nor­ Territorial Sea," 431-42 Next Century," 20-3 folk Wherry," 466-7 Richard Grassby, "Maritime History in Roger Quarm, "A Portrait of Commo­ RESOLUTION Paint: The Ships of James Edward dore George Walker (d. 1777), 467-9 (NO. 34, WINTER 1994) Buttersworth," 24-6 P.K. Crimmin, "The Prisoner of War Kevin Haydon, "No Na Mamo: Registers, 1793-1815: A Possible Duncan McDowall, "As HMCS Resti­ Hawaiian Voyaging Canoes Revive Archival Source for Maritime His­ gauche heads for the Boneyard...," an Astonishing Seafaring Record," tory," 469-72 2-5 30-1 Mark Howard, "The Admiralty and the Peter Campbell, "Why No HMCS Vic­ Louis Arthur Norton, "The Folk Art of 1834 Coopers' Strike," 472-4 toria?" 6-12 Ships-in-Bottles," 34-6 Michael K. Stammers and Janet Baker, Rick James, "Hulks Make Fine Break­ "Fell's Patent Knees - Some Evi­ waters," 13-17 SEA HISTORY dence of Their Use," 474-6 (NO. 71, AUTUMN 1994) Austin Farrar, "The Vancouver Cutter: RESEARCH IN MARITIME HISTORY A Third Replica of HMS Victory's (No.7, December 1994) Peter Stanford, "The Cape Horn Road, 25 Foot Cutter," 476-7 "The Market for Seamen in Part II: How the Sails of the the Age of Sail" Square-rigged Ship Got Their NAUTICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL ed. Lewis R. Fischer Names," 10-13 (XXXIX, NO.3, SEPTEMBER 1994) Robert Nicolosi, "The Battle off Sam­ Carla Rahn Phillips, "Maritime Labour ar," 14-18 [Leyte Gulf, WWm Rob Napier, "Dolphin, His Majesty's in Early Modern Spain," 1-25 Warren Marr II, "The Amistad Inci­ Brigantine of 1836," 134-47 Vince Walsh, "Recruitment and Pro­ dent," 20-3 [mutiny aboard a Robert C. and Grisel M. Leavitt, "The motion: The Merchant Fleet of slaver, 1839] Deck Furniture and Machinery of Salem, Massachusetts, 1670-1765," Kevin Haydon, "The Marine Watercol­ Large Mid-19th Century Sailing 27-46 ors oflan Marshall," 24-7 Ships. Part Fourteen: Gipmore's Paul C. van Royen, "Mariners and Joseph F. Callo, "Nelson: Man and Ventilating System," 148-9 Markets in the Age of Sail: The Myth," 30-1 J.H. Nielsen, "Faders Minde, an 1879 Case of the Netherlands," 47-57 Danish Topsail Schooner: Reflec­ David J. Starkey, "Pirates and Mar­ STEAMBOAT BIU tions and Building a Model," 150-61 kets," 59-80 (LI, NO. 210, SUMMER 1994) Erik A.R. Ronnberg, Jr., "Boston Pilot David M. Williams, "'Advance Notes' Canoes Revisited," 162-7 and the Recruitment of Maritime Peter C. Koehler, "South Atlantic JeffMegerdichian, "New York Harbor Labour in Britain in the Nineteenth Sisters: American South African Pilot's Yawl," 168-71 Century," 81-100 Line's City of New York & The William Bruce Hoff, Jr., "The Scratch­ Yrjo Kaukiainen, "Finnish and Interna­ African Comet Trio," 89-124 [Afri­ built Model - An Analytical View," tional Maritime Labour in the Age can Comet, African Meteor, African 172-7 of Sail: Was There a Market?" 101- Planet) 26 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

Edwin L. Dunbaugh, "The Poster tion: Addison Gallery, Phillips Aca­ lands Scheepvaartmuseum, Katten­ Collection of Stephen Barrett demy, Andover, MA 01810 [tel.: burgerplein 1, 1018 KK Amster­ Chase," 125-6 + 4 pp. plates + 1 508-749-4015)) dam, Netherlands [tel.: +31 20­ [posters from various steamship 523-2222]) companies, illustrated in colour] To January 22 Stamos C. Ioannou, "Loss of the "Sable Island: A Story of Survival," To March 12 America," 127-31 Exhibit, Maritime Museum of the "Chesapeake Country, " Exhibit, Atlantic, Halifax, NS (Information: Mariners' Museum, NewportNews, TIJDSCHRIFr Maritime Museum of the Atlantic, VA (Information: Mariners' VOOR ZEEGESCHIEDENIS 1675 Lower Water St., Halifax, NS Museum, 100 Museum Drive, New­ (XIII, NO.2, SEPTEMBER 1994) B3J 1S3 [tel.: + 1 902-424-7490; port News, VA 23606-3759 [tel.: FAX: + 1 902-424-0612)) + 1 804-596-2222; FAX: + 1 804­ H.J. den Heijer, "Plannen voor samen­ 591-7310)) voeging van VOC en WIC," 115-30 To January 29 ["Plans for the Union of the VOC "Steamship Posters of the Stephen To March 22 (Dutch East India Company) and Barrett Chase Collection," Exhibit, "Nanrucket and the China Trade," WIC (West-Indische Compagnien)"] Ellis Island Immigration Museum, Exhibit, South Street Seaport S.L de Groot, "Schout-bij-nacht LA. New York, NY Museum, 207 Front St., New York, Bloys van Treslong (1757-1824). NY 10038 (tel.: + 1212-748-8600) Terecht een zondebok of niet?" 131­ To January 31 47 ["Scout-by-night LA. Bloys van "Lou Bonamarte and Claus Hole: To April 2 Treslong (1757-1824). Justifiably a Masters ofMarine Watercolor Paint­ "Wreck of the Titanic," Exhibit, scapegoat or not? "] ing," Exhibit, Mystic Seaport National Maritime Museum, Green­ W. Kerkmeijer, "Groningers onder Museum, 75 Greenmanville Ave., wich, UK (Information: National neutrale vlag (1795-1810)," 149-64 Mystic, CT 06355 [tel.: + 1 203­ Maritime Museum, London SElO ["Groningers under a neutral flag 572-0711)) 9NF (tel.: +4481-312-6710) 1795-1810"] To February 19 To April 2 WARSHIP INTERNATIONAL "Antonio Jacobsen's Painted Ships "More by Eye than by Measure: (XXXI, NO.3, 1994) on Painted Oceans," Exhibit, Marin­ The Art of John P. Gardner," ers' Museum, Newport News, VA Exhibit, Maine Maritime Museum, "Report on the Italian Members of (Information: Mariners' Museum, Bath, ME (Information: Maine INRO," 233 100 Museum Drive, Newport News, Maritime Museum, 963 Washington David K. Brown, "Powering of War­ VA 23606-3759 [tel.: + 1 804-596­ Street, Bath, ME 04530 [tel: + 1 ships," 234-58 2222; FAX: +1 804-591-7310)) 207-443-1316; FAX: +1207-443­ K.D. McBride, "The Royal Navy 1665)) 'Scout' Class of 1904-05," 260-81 To February 26 "Etched in Idle Hours," Exhibit, To April 30 ARGONAUTA DIARY Cold Spring Harbor Whaling "Chesapeake Country," Exhibit, Museum, Cold Spring Harbor, NY Mariners' Museum, NewportNews, 1995 (Information: Ms. Ann Gill, Cold VA (Information: Mariners' Spring Harbor Whaling Museum, Museum, 100 Museum Drive, New­ To January 8 Main St., Cold Spring Harbor, NY port News, VA 23606-3759 [tel.: "Die Flensburger Forde, eine mari­ 11724 [tel.: 516-367-3418]) + 1 804-596-2222; FAX: + 1 804­ time Kulturlandschaft," Exhibit, 591-7310)) Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum, Bre­ To February 28 merhaven, Germany (Information: "Thirty Years in Collections," To May 1 Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum, Van­ Exhibit, Maine Maritime Museum, "Les voiles de mon fleuve, Eugene Ronzelen-Strasse, 27568 Bremer­ Bath, ME (Information: Maine Mari­ Leclerc, batelier miniaruriste, " haven, Germany [tel.: +49 471­ time Museum, 963 Washington St., Exhibit, Musee Maritime Bernier, 482-0749; FAX: +49 471-482­ Bath, ME 04530 [tel: + 1 207-443­ L'Islet-sur-Mer, PQ (Information: 0755)) 1316; FAX: + 1 207-443-1665]) Musee Maritime Bernier, 55, Chemin des Pionniers Est, L'Islet­ To January 15 To March 12 sur-Mer, PQ [tel.: 418-247-5001; "14-Inch Scale: Models ofAmerican "Romantic Voyages: From Holland FAX: 418-247-5002)) Sailing Ships," Exhibit, Addison to the Indies 1900-1940," Exhibit, Gallery of American Art, Phillips Nederlands Scheepvaartmuseum, To May 1995 Academy, Andover, MA (Informa- Amsterdam (Information: Neder- "Diving for History: Treasures of JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 27

the Shipwreck Indiana," Exhibit, Conference on Historical and Under­ Liverpool L3 4AQ, UK [tel.: +44 National Museum of American water Archaeology, J.W. Marriott 51-247-0001; FAX: +44 51-709­ History, Smithsonian Institution, Hotel, Washington, DC (Informa­ 3003)) Washington, DC tion: Robert Sonderman, PO Box 435, Glenn Dale, MD 20769 [tel.: January 17 To June + 1 302-344-3523)) Winter Lecture Series, Maritime "The Civil War and the Texas Museum of the Atlantic, Halifax, Coast," Exhibit, Texas Maritime January 8-11 NS; Speaker: James Frost (Marine Museum, Rockport, TX (Informa­ Ontario Fish Producers' Association Atlantic Consultants), "Cruising tion: Texas Maritime Museum, PO Convention, Downtown Ramada Inn, Labrador" (Information: Maritime Box 1836, Rockport, TX 78381 Toronto, Ontario (Information: Rob Museum of the Atlantic, 1675 [tel.: + 1 512-729-1271)) Graham, Ontario Fish Producers' Lower Water St., Halifax, NS B3J Association, Box 2129, Blenheim, 1S3 [tel.: + 1 902-424-7490; FAX: To September ON NOP lAO [tel.: +1 519-676­ + 1 902-424-0612)) "Rhythm of the Oars: Stories of 0488; FAX: + 1 519-676-0944)) Rowing in America, " Exhibit, January 17 Mystic Seaport Museum, 75 Green­ January 10 Comite de documentation historique manviIIe Ave., Mystic, CT 06355 "Magnificent Models," Hidden de la Marine, Seminaire, Musee de [tel.: + 1 203-572-0711)) Collections Day Course, National la Marine, Palais de Chaillot, Paris, Maritime Museum, Greenwich, UK France; Lecteur: Sonia Faessel To September 4 (Information: David Taylor, Nation­ (Universite de Noumea), "Jules "A Window Back: Photography in a al Maritime Museum, London SE10 Garnier et son voyage en Nouvelle­ Whaling Port," Exhibit, New Bed­ 9NF [tel.: +44 81-312-6710)) Caledonie" ford Whaling Museum, New Bed­ ford, MA (Information: New Bed­ January 11 January 18 ford Whaling Museum, 18 Johnny Project HMS Detroit Annual Meet­ Histoire mantlme medievale et Cake Hill, New Bedford, MA 02740 ing, Arnherstburg, ON (Information: moderne, Seminaire, Ecole pratique [tel.: + 1 508-997-0046)) Project HMS Detroit, PO Box 1812, des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France; Arnherstburg, ON N9V 2Z2) Lecteur: Ali Darmoul, "Les sources To October arabes de l'histoire maritime" "The Hollywood Whale Fishery: January 12 (Information: Prof. Michel Mollat Movies and Movie Posters ofWhal­ "The Sailing Navy," Hidden Collec­ du Jourdain, Ecole pratique des ing," Kendall Whaling Museum, tions Day Course, National Maritime Hautes Etudes, lYe section, Kendall, MA (Information: Kendall Museum, Greenwich, UK (infor­ Sorbonne, 45-47 rue des Ecoles, Whaling Museum, P.O. Box 297, mation: David Taylor, National Paris, France) Sharon, MA 02067 [tel.: + 1 617­ Maritime Museum, London SE10 785-5642; FAX: +1617-785-0451)) 9NF [tel.: +4481-312-6710)) January 19 British Commission for Maritime To October 30 January 12 History, Seminar, Norfolk Building, "L'Empress ofIreLand: Ie Titanic du Department of War Studies, King's King's College, Surrey St., London Saint-Laurent," Exhibit, Musee College, London, Open Lecture; WC2, UK; Speaker: Dr. David J. Maritime Bernier, L'Islet-sur-Mer, Speaker: Prof. Jon Sumida (Univer­ Starkey (University of Hull), PQ (Information: Musee Maritime sity of Maryland), "The Quest for "'Coastal Collage:' The Distribution Bernier, 55, Chemin des Pionniers Reach: The Development of British of Maritime Activity in the United Est, L'Islet-sur-Mer, PQ [tel.: 418­ Naval Long Range Gunnery 1901­ Kingdom, 1870-1914" (Information: 247-5001; FAX: 418-247-5002)) 1912," King's College, London David M. Williams, Secretary, (Information: Fiona Paton, Projects British Commission for Maritime To December 31 Manager, King's College, London History, Dept. of Economic and "L'univers maritime de l'enfance," W2 [tel.: +44 71-873-2796)) Social History, University of Lei­ Exhibit, Musee Maritime Bernier, cester, Leicester LEI 7RH, UK L'Islet-sur-Mer, PQ (Information: January 14 [tel: +44 533-522582; FAX: +44 Musee Maritime Bernier, 55, "Smugglers' Tales," Day School of 533-525081)) Chemin des Pionniers Est, L'Islet­ the National Museums and Galleries sur-Mer, PQ [tel.: 418-247-5001; on Merseyside/University of January 23-25 FAX: 418-247-5002)) Liverpool, Merseyside Maritime Svend Froyn Seminar in Whaling Museum, Liverpool, UK (informa­ History, Vestfold Fylkesmuseum, January 4-8 tion: Mr. Paul Rees, Merseyside T3nsberg, Norway (Information: Society for Historical Archaeology Maritime Museum, Albert Dock, Mr. Per Thoresen, Vestfold Fyles- 28 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

museum, Farmannsvei 30, N-3111 + 1 902-424-0612)) February 7 Tensberg, Norway) Winter Lecture Series, Maritime February Museum of the Atlantic, Halifax, January 23-29 "The Maritime Folk Art of A. NS; Speaker: David Etter (Mahone Ship Production Technology Sym­ DeClerck," Yarmouth County Bay Adventures), "The Lighthouse posium, Sponsored by the National Museum and Archives, Yarmouth, Route by Kayak" (Information: Shipbuilding Research Program, San NS (Information: Yarmouth County Maritime Museum of the Atlantic, Diego, CA (Information: Confer­ Museum and Archives, 22 Collins 1675 Lower Water St., Halifax, NS ence Coordinator, UMTRI, Marine St., Yarmouth, NS B5A 3C8 [tel.: B3J 1S3 [tel.: + 1 902-424-7490; Systems Division, 2901 Baxter Rd., + 1 902-742-5539)) FAX: + 1 902-424-0612)) Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2150 [tel.: 313-763-2465; FAX: 313-936­ February 1-28 February 11 1081)) "Souvenir Boats," Exhibit, Maritime "Splicing Workshop," Maritime Museum ofthe Atlantic, Halifax, NS Museum of British Columbia, Vic­ January 24 (Information: Maritime Museum of toria, BC (Information: Ms. Nanni Winter Lecture Series, Maritime the Atlantic, 1675 Lower Water St., Ackroyd, Maritime Museum of Museum of the Atlantic, Halifax, Halifax, NS B3J 1S3 [tel.: + 1 902­ British Columbia, 28 Bastion NS; Speaker: Lional Conrad 424-7490; FAX: + 1902-424-0612)) Square, Victoria, BC V8W 1H9 (Dartmouth Volksmarch Club), [tel.: + 1 604-385-4222)) "Coastal Hiking" (Information: February 2 Maritime Museum of the Atlantic, British Commission for Maritime February 11 1675 Lower Water St., Halifax, NS History, Seminar, Norfolk Building, "Toy Boat Workshop," Maritime B3J 1S3 [tel.: + 1 902-424-7490; King's College, Surrey St., London Museum of the Atlantic, Halifax, FAX: + 1 902-424-0612)) WC2, UK; Speakers: Dr. Lewis NS (Information: Maritime Museum Johnman (University of Greenwich) of the Atlantic, 1675 Lower Water January 26 and Dr. Anthony Gorst (University St., Halifax, NS B3J 1S3 [tel.: + 1 Friends of the Merseyside Maritime of Westminster), "Naval Procure­ 902-424-7490; FAX: + 1 902-424­ . Museum, Lecture Series, Mersey­ ment and the British Shipbuilding 0612)) side Maritime Museum, Liverpool, Industry in the 1940s and 1950s" UK; Speaker: Mr. Colin White (Information: David M. Williams, February 11 (Royal Naval Museum. Portsmouth), Secretary, British Commission for "The Golden Age of Municipal "Jolly Jack Tar" (Information: Mr. Maritime History, Dept. of Econ­ Engineering," Day School of the Paul Rees, Merseyside Maritime omic and Social History, University National Museums and Galleries on Museum, Albert Dock, Liverpool of Leicester, Leicester LEI 7RH, Merseyside/University of Liverpool, L3 4AQ, UK [tel.: +44 51-247­ UK [tel: +44 533-522582; FAX: Merseyside Maritime Museum, 0001; FAX: +4451-709-3003)) +44 533-525081)) Liverpool, UK (Information: Mr. Paul Rees, Merseyside Maritime January 28 February 4 Museum, Albert Dock, Liverpool "Clothes for Seafaring," Day School Lecture. Yarmouth County Museum L3 4AQ, UK [tel.: +44 51-247­ of the National Museums and Gal­ and Archives; Speaker: Dr. Ken 0001; FAX: +4451-709-3003)) leries on MerseysidelUniversity of Martin, "The Maritime Folk Art of Liverpool, Merseyside Maritime A. DeClerck" (Information: Yar­ February 14 Museum, Liverpool, UK (Informa­ mouth County Museum and Ar­ Winter Lecture Series, Maritime tion: Mr. Paul Rees, Merseyside chives, 22 Collins St., Yarmouth, Museum of the Atlantic, Halifax, Maritime Museum, Albert Dock, NS B5A 3C8 [tel.: + 1 902-742­ NS; Speaker: Wade Elliott (Halifax­ Liverpool L3 4AQ, UK [tel.: +44 5539)) Dartmouth Port Development Com­ 51-247-0001; FAX: +44 51-709­ mission), "Containerport Competi­ 3003)) February 6-11 tion and the Port ofHalifax" (Infor­ International Seminar on Shipbuild­ mation: Maritime Museum of the January 31 ing and Navigation, 1400-1800, Atlantic, 1675 Lower Water St.. Winter Lecture Series, Maritime Pondicherry University, Pondi­ Halifax, NS B3J 1S3 [tel.: + 1 902­ Museum of the Atlantic, Halifax, cherry, India (Information: Prof. 424-7490; FAX: + 1 902-424­ NS; Speaker: Dr. Hal Whitehead K.S. Mathew, Department of His­ 0612)) (Dalhousie University), "Whales of tory, Pondicherry University, 34 the Deep" (Information: Maritime Third Cross St., Pondicherry 605 February 14 Museum of the Atlantic, 1675 008, India [tel.: +91 413-39020; Comite de documentation historique Lower Water St., Halifax, NS B3J FAX: +91 413-852265)) de la Marine, Seminaire, Musee de 1S3 [tel.: + 1 902-424-7490; FAX: la Marine, Palais de Chaillot, Paris, JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 29

France; Lecteur: Patrick Villiers February 25 Maritime Museum of the Atlantic, (Universite de Lille Ill), "Maurepas Tracing Your Seafaring Ancestors," 1675 Lower Water St., Halifax, NS et I'innovation technique dans la Workshop, Maritime Museum of B3J IS3 [tel.: +1 902-424-7490; marine au XVIIIe siecle" British Columbia, Victoria, BC FAX: + 1 902-424-0612)) (Information: Ms. Nonni Ackroyd, February 15 Maritime Museum ofBritish Colum­ March 7 Histoire maritime mectievale et bia, 28 Bastion Square, Victoria, BC Winter Lecture Series, Maritime moderne, Seminaire, Ecole pratique V8W IH9 [tel.: + 1 604-385-4222)) Museum of the Atlantic, Halifax, des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France; NS; Speaker: Scott Cunningham Lecteur: Eric Reith, "L'archeologie March (Coastal Adventures), "Kayaking navale: resultats et perspective" "Le Peche en Manche et I'Histoire around Cape Breton Island" (Infor­ (Information: Prof. Michel Mollat Maritime, XVille-XXe Siecles, " mation: Maritime Museum of the du Jourdain, Ecole pratique des Conference, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Atlantic, 1675 Lower Water St., Hautes Etudes, lYe section, Sor­ France (Information: Guy March­ Halifax, NS B3J 1S3 [tel.: + 1 902­ bonne, 45-47 rue des Ecoles, Paris, and, 85 Avenue de St. Cloud, 78000 424-7490; FAX: + 1 902-424­ France) Versailles, France) 0612))

February 16 March 2 March 6-June 30 British Commission for Maritime British Commission for Maritime "Hampton Roads at War: The History, Seminar, Norfolk Building, History, Seminar, Norfolk Building, Hampton Roads Port of King's College, Surrey St., London King's College, Surrey St., London Embarkation," Exhibit, Mariners' WC2, UK; Speaker: Dr. Simon WC2, UK; Speaker: Mr. Kenneth Museum, Newport News, VA (In­ Ville (Australian National Univer­ Breen, "St. Eustatius in the Ameri­ formation: Mariners' Museum, 100 sity), "The Chartered Trading Com­ can War: A Commercial and Naval Museum Drive, Newport News, VA panies: Monopolists or Efficient Distraction, 1775-1783" (Informa­ 23606-3759 [tel.: + 1 .804-596­ Multinationals?" (Information: tion: David M. Williams, Secretary, 2222; FAX: + 1 804-591-7310)) David M. Williams, Secretary, British Commission for Maritime British Commission for Maritime History, Dept. of Economic and March 11 History, Dept. of Economic and Social History, University ofLeices­ "The Mersey Railway," Day School Social History, University ofLeices­ ter, Leicester LEI 7RH, UK [tel: of the National Museums and Gal­ ter, Leicester LEI 7RH, UK [tel: +44 533-522582; FAX: +44 533­ leries on MerseysidelUniversity of +44 533-522582; FAX: +44 533­ 525081]) Liverpool, Merseyside Maritime 525081]) Museum, Liverpool, UK (Informa­ March 4 tion: Mr. Paul Rees, Merseyside February 18 "Interpreting Maritime Pictures," Maritime Museum, Albert Dock, "The Victorians Afloat: 19th-Cen­ Day School of the National Maritime Liverpool L3 4AQ, UK [tel.: +44 tury River Steamers," Day School Museum/Goldsmiths' College, Na­ 51-247-0001; FAX: +44 51-709­ of the National Maritime tional Maritime Museum, Green­ 3003)) Museum/Goldsmiths' College, Na­ wich, UK (Information: Ms. tional Maritime Museum, Green­ Suzanne Testa, Course Administra­ March 14 wich, UK (Information: Ms. tor, Open Museum, National Mari­ Comite de documentation historique Suzanne Testa, Course Administra­ time Museum, London SElO 9NF de la Marine, Seminaire, Musee de tor, Open Museum, National Mari­ [tel.: +44 81-312-6747)) la Marine, Palais de Chaillot, Paris, time Museum, London SElO 9NF France; Lecteur: Michel Verge­ [tel.: +44 81-312-6747)) March 4 Franceschi (Faculte des Lettres de "Pacific Ocean 21: Four Problems in Chambery), "Henri Ie Navigateur" February 21 Search of a Solution," Forum spon­ Black History Month Special Lec­ sored by the Maritime Awards March 15 ture, Maritime Museum of the Society of Canada, University of Histoire mantlme mectievale et Atlantic, Halifax, NS; Speaker: Victoria, Victoria, BC (Information: moderne, Seminaire, Ecole pratique David States (Dept. of Canadian MASC Forum, PO Box 5328, Sta­ des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France; Heritage), "The Belated Recognition tion B, Victoria, BC V8R 6S4) Lecteur: Jean-Jacques Lan·ere, "Les of William C. Hall, V.C." (Infor­ marines anglaises au XVIe siecle" mation: Maritime Museum of the March 5 (Information: Prof. Michel Mollat Atlantic, 1675 Lower Water St., Winter Performance Series, Mari­ du Jourdain, Ecole pratique des Halifax, NS B3J IS3 [tel.: + 1 902­ time Museum of the Atlantic, Hali­ Hautes Etudes, lYe section, 50r­ 424-7490; FAX: + 1902-424-0612)) fax, NS; Cary Croft, "Folklore and bonne, 45-47 rue des Ecoles, Paris, Folksongs of the Sea" (Information: France) 30 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

March 16 time Museum of the Atlantic, Hali­ March 30-April 2 "20th-Century Warships - Aircraft fax, NS; Speaker: "Strains of the Annual Meeting of the Organization Carriers," Hidden Collections Day Fiddle" (Information: Maritime of American Historians, Washing­ Course, National MaritimeMuseum, Museum of the Atlantic, 1675 ton, DC (Information: Dr. Michael Greenwich, UK (Inforrnation: David Lower Water St., Halifax, NS B3J H. Frisch, Dept. of History, State Taylor, National Maritime Museum, IS3 [tel.: + I 902-424-7490; FAX: University of New York at Buffalo, London SEIO 9NF [tel.: +44 81­ + 1 902-424"()612]) Buffalo, NY 14260 [tel.: +1 716­ 312-6710]) 645-2181]) March 20-24 March 16 International Submarine Convention March 31-April 2 British Commission for Maritime and Reunion, Fremantle, WA, Aus­ Fourth Antique Motorboating Sym­ History, Seminar, Norfolk Building, tralia (Information: Mike Pearson, posium, Co-Sponsored by the M­ King's College, Surrey St., London Secretary, International Submarine ariners' Museum and the Antique WC2, UK; Speaker: Ben Ferrari Convention, U/8, 106 Terrace Rd., and Classic Boat Society, Mariners' (Royal Commission on the Histori­ Perth, WA 6000, Australia) Museum, Newport News, VA (In­ cal Monuments of England), "The formation: Ms. Martha Stewart, Creation of a National Record of March 23-24 Special Events Manager, Mariners' Maritime Archaeology: Theory and "The Operational Art, " 21st Military Museum, 100 Museum Drive, New­ Practice" (Information: David M. History Symposium, Royal Military port News, VA 23606-3759 [tel.: Williams, Secretary, British Com­ College of Canada, Kingston, ON + 1 804-591-7733; FAX: + 1 804­ mission for Maritime History, Dept. (Information: Dr. B.J.c. McKer­ 591-7310]) of Economic and Social History, cher, Dept. of History, Royal Mili­ University of Leicester, Leicester tary College, Kingston, ON K7K March 31-July 31 LEI 7RH, UK [tel: +44 533­ 5LO [tel.: + I 613-541-6000]) "Treasures of the Mariners' 522582; FAX: +44 533-525081]) Museum Research Library and March 25 Archives, " Exhibit, Mariners' March 16-18 "Shipwreck Below! Technology and Museum, Newport News, VA (In­ "The South and Maritime History, " Diving: Where Will the Future formation: Mariners' Museum, 100 Annual Conference of the North Lead?" Forum '95 sponsored by Museum Drive, Newport News, VA American Society for Oceanic His­ Save Ontario Shipwrecks, Sandusky, 23606-3759 [tel.: + 1 804-596­ tory, Wilmington, NC, USA (Infor­ OH (Information: Ms. Joyce Hay­ 2222; FAX: +1804-591-7310]) mation: Dr. Harold D. Langley, ward, SOS Ohio, 1791 C.R. 296, Armed Forces History Division, Bellevue, OH 44811 [tel.: + 1 419­ April 1 SmithsonianInstitution, Washington, 483-3074]) "The Royal Navy and the West DC 20560) Indies," Day School of the National March 28 MaritimeMuseum/Goldsmiths' Col­ March 17-18 Winter Lecture Series, Maritime lege, National Maritime Museum, "Sailors and the Sea in Popular Museum of the Atlantic, Halifax, Greenwich, UK (Information: Ms. Culture," Course of the National NS; Speaker: John Steele (Covey Suzanne Testa, Course Administra­ Maritime Museum/Goldsmiths' Island Boatworks), "Racing Dhouws tor, Open Museum, National Mari­ College,' National Maritime in the United Arab Emirates" (Infor­ time Museum, London S£IO 9NF Museum, Greenwich, UK (Infor­ mation: Maritime Museum of the [tel.: +4481-312-6747]) mation: Ms. Suzanne Testa, Course Atlantic, 1675 Lower Water St., Administrator, Open Museum, Na­ Halifax, NS B3J IS3 [tel.: + 1 902­ April 3-5 tional Maritime Museum, London 424-7490; FAX: + 1902-424"()612]) "West Jutland and the World II," SEIO 9NF [tel.: +4481-312-6747]) Second Historical Conference on March 30 West Denmark and the North Sea March 18 Friends of the Merseyside Maritime Rim, Lemvig, Denmark (Informa­ Third Annual New Researchers in Museum, LectureSeries, Merseyside tion: Conference Secretariat, Hol­ Maritime History Conference, Royal Maritime Museum, Liverpool, UK; stebro Museum, Box 1240, DK­ Naval Museum, Portsmouth, UK Speaker: Ms. Sally Sheard (Univer­ 7500 Holstebro, Denmark [tel.: (Information and Proposals to: Ms. sity of Liverpool), "Disease and the +45 97422933; FAX: +45 Sue Goodger, Royal Naval Museum, Port ofLiverpool"(Information: Mr. 97428109]) HM Naval Base, Portsmouth POI Paul Rees, Merseyside Maritime 3NU, UK [FAX: +44705-875806]) Museum, Albert Dock, Liverpool L3 April 3-6 4AQ, UK [tel.: +4451-247"()001; 8th Safety at Sea and Marine Elec­ March 19 FAX: +44 51-709-3003]) tronics Exhibition and Conference, Winter Performance Series, Mari- Baltimore, MD (Information: SAS- JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 31

MEX, Queensway House, 2 Queens­ Dept. of History, PO Box 9515, IS3 [tel.: +1 902-424-7490; FAX: way, Redhill, Surrey, RHI lQS 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands [tel.: + 1 902-424-0612]) [tel.: +441737-768611; FAX: +44 +31 71-272761; FAX: +31 71­ 1737-760584]) 272615]) April 26-30 "Hidden Dimensions: The Cultural April 4 April 22 Significance of Wetland Archaeol­ Winter Lecture Series, Maritime "Literature as Evidence, " Day ogy," Conference, University of Museum of the Atlantic, Halifax, School ofthe National Museums and British Columbia, Vancouver, BC NS; Speaker: Ron McDonald (Hali­ Galleries on MerseysidelUniversity (Information: Dr. Kathryn Bernick, fax Citadel), "The Preserving of of Liverpool, Merseyside Maritime Program Organizer, UBC Museum George's Island" (Information: Museum, Liverpool, UK (Informa­ of Anthropology, 6393 NW Marine Maritime Museum of the Atlantic, tion: Mr. Paul Rees, Merseyside Dr., Vancouver, BC V6T lZ2 [tel.: 1675 Lower Water St., Halifax, NS Maritime Museum, Albert Dock, + 1 604-822-6530; FAX: + 1 604­ B3J IS3 [tel.: + 1 902-424-7490; Liverpool L3 4AQ, UK [tel.: +44 822-2974]) FAX: + 1 902-424-0612]) 51-247-0001; FAX: +44 51-709­ 3003]) April 27 April 9 Friends of the Merseyside Maritime "Scrimshaw Workshop," Maritime April 22-23 Museum, Lecture Series, Mersey­ Museum of the Atlantic, Halifax, Conference on "Transportation and side Maritime Museum, Liverpool, NS (Information: Maritime Museum Settlement Patterns in the United UK; and Second Annual Peter N. of the Atlantic, 1675 Lower Water States," Wheeling, WV (Informa­ Davies Lecture in Maritime Busi­ St., Halifax, NS B3J IS3 [tel.: + 1 tion: Michal McMahon, IHTIA, ness History, Sponsored by the 902-424-7490; FAX: + 1 902-424­ West Virginia University, 1535 International Maritime Economic 0612]) Mileground, Morgantown, WV History Association; Speaker: Pro­ 26505-6305 (tel.: 304-293-2421, ext. fessor Tony Slaven (University of April 11 5242; e-mail: mmcmho@wvnvm. Glasgow), "The Great Ports of the Winter Lecture Series, Maritime wvnet.edu). 19th Century: Rivals in Ships and Museum of the Atlantic, Halifax, Shipping - Or Were They?" (Infor­ NS; Speaker: TBA, "Preserving April 23 mation: Mr. Paul Rees, Merseyside Tradition with Bluenose Pride" (In­ Winter Performance Series, Mari­ Maritime Museum, Albert Dock, formation: Maritime Museum of the time Museum of the Atlantic, Hali­ Liverpool L3 4AQ, UK [tel.: +44 Atlantic, 1675 Lower Water St., fax, NS; Margo Carruthers, 51-247-0001; FAX: +44 51-709­ Halifax, NS B3J IS3 [tel.: + 1 902­ "Women in Folklore: Singing Her­ 3003)) 424-7490; FAX: + 1902-424-0612]) story in Atlantic Canada" (Informa­ tion: Maritime Museum of the At­ April 27 April 11 lantic, 1675 Lower Water St., Hali­ British Commission for Maritime Comite de documentation historique fax, NS B3J IS3 [tel.: +1902-424­ History, Seminar, Norfolk Building, de la Marine, Seminaire, Musee de 7490; FAX: + 1 902-424-0612]) King's College, Surrey St., London la Marine, Palais de Chaillot, Paris, WC2, UK; Speaker: Mr. John France; Lecteur: Alain Berbouche April 24-27 Brooks (King's College, London), (Universite de Rennes I), "Lajustice Third International Conference of "Fire Control and Battle Cruisers: militaire maritime de la France a la the International Association for the Gunnery Systems and Capital Ship fin de l'Ancien Regime" Study of Maritime Mission, York, Design 1904-14" (Information: UK (Information: Stephen Friend, David M. Williams, Secretary, April 13 Dept. of Religious Studies, Univer­ British Commission for Maritime "The Rise of the Imperial German sity College of Ripon and York St. History, Dept. of Economic and Navy, " Hidden Collections Day John, College Road, Ripon, HG4 Social History, University of Lei­ Course, NationalMaritime Museum, 2QX, UK) cester, Leicester LEI 7RH, UK Greenwich, UK (Information: David [tel: +44 533-522582; FAX: +44 Taylor, National Maritime Museum, April 25 533-525081]) London SEIO 9NF [tel.: +44 81­ Winter Lecture Series, Maritime 312-6710)) Museum of the Atlantic, Halifax, May I-October 31 NS; Speaker: Mary Moulton "The War at Sea: Britain, Ger­ April 21-22 (Schooner Bluenose Foundation), many , Japan, and USA," Exhibit, "The North Sea and Culture in "Bluenose III - Making the Dream Mariners' Museum, NewportNews, Early Modern History," University Real" (Information: Maritime VA (Information: Mariners' of Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands Museum of the Atlantic, 1675 Museum, 100 Museum Drive, (Information: Dr. J.G. Roding, Lower Water St., Halifax, NS B3J Newport News, VA 23606-3759 32 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

[tel.: +1 804-596-2222; FAX: +1 Maritime Museum, Albert Dock, @huskyl.stmarys.ca]) 804-591-7310)) Liverpool L3 4AQ, UK [tel.: +44 51-247-0001; FAX: +44 51-709­ May 24-28 May 5-7 3003)) "Managing Marine Mammals: Local 23rd Annual Maritime History Con­ Responses to Global Issues," Con­ ference, Maine Maritime Museum, May 16 ference, Bodo, Norway (Informa­ Bath, Maine (Information: Nathan Comite de documentation historique tion: Dr. Arne Kalland, Centre for Lipfert, Maine Maritime Museum, de la Marine, Seminaire, Musee de Development and the Environment, 963 Washington Street, Bath, ME la Marine, Palais de Chaillot, Paris, University ofOslo, Box 1116 Blind­ 04530 [tel: + 1207-443-1316; FAX: France; Lecteur: Jean-Pierre ern, N-D317 Oslo, Norway [FAX: + 1 207-443-1665)) Gomane, "La guerre franco-thallan­ +47 22-858920)) daise de 1940-1941 et Ie victoire de May 6 Koh-Chang" May 25 "Imaging the Sea: Film and Historic Friends ofthe Merseyside Maritime Photographs," Day School of the May 17 Museum, Lecture Series, Mersey­ National Maritime Museum/ Gold- . Histoire mantlme medievale et side Maritime Museum, Liverpool, smiths' College, National Maritime modeme, Seminaire, Ecole pratique UK; Speaker: Mr. Eric Grove (Uni­ Museum, Greenwich, UK (Infor­ des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France; versity ofHull), "HalfA Century of mation: Ms. Suzanne Testa, Course Lecteur: Michel Morineau, "Une Warship Design, 1945-1995" (Infor­ Administrator, Open Museum, Na­ source fiscale du commerce mari­ mation: Mr. Paul Rees, Merseyside tional Maritime Museum, London time des Provinces-Unies (fin XVIe Maritime Museum, Albert Dock, SElO 9NF [tel.: +4481-312-6747)) siecle-debut XVIIe siecle" (Infor­ Liverpool L3 4AQ, UK [tel.: +44 mation: Prof. Michel Mollat du 51-247-0001; FAX: +44 51-709­ May 11 Jourdain, Ecole pratique des Hautes 3003)) British Commission for Maritime Etudes, lYe section, Sorbonne, 45­ History, Seminar, Norfolk Building, 47 rue des Ecoles, Paris, France) May 25 King's College, Surrey St., London "Tugs: Workhorses of the Water­ WC2, UK; Speaker: Dr. Sarah R. May 20 ways," Hidden Collections Day Palmer (Queen Mary and Westfield "Genealogy The Museum's Course, National Maritime College, London), "The Myth of Resources," Day School of the Museum, Greenwich, UK (Infor­ Casual Labour in the Port of Lon­ National Maritime Museum/Gold­ mation: David Taylor, National don in the 19th Century" (Informa­ smiths' College, National Maritime Maritime Museum, London SElO tion: David M. Williams, Secretary, Museum, Greenwich, UK (infor­ 9NF [tel.: +4481-312-6710]) British Commission for Maritime mation: Ms. Suzanne Testa, Course History, Dept. of Economic and Administrator, Open Museum, Na­ May 31-June 3 Social History, University ofLeices­ tional Maritime Museum, London 21st Annual Conference of the ter, Leicester LEI 7RH, UK [tel: SElO 9NF [tel.: +4481-312-6747)) French Colonial Historical Society, +44 533-522582; FAX: +44 533­ Louisbourg, NS (Information: John 525081)) May 24-26 Johnston, c/o Fortress of Louis­ Second Annual Transportation Man­ bourg National Historic Site, PO May 11-14 agement Conference, SUNY Mari­ Box 160, Louisbourg, NS BOA IMO "War Termination and Transitions time College, Fort Schuyler, NY [tel.: + 1 902-733-2280; FAX: + 1 to New Eras," Society of Military (Information and Proposals by 28 902-733-2362; e-mail: History Conference, Gettysburg, PA February: Dr. Shmuel Yahalom, johnstonajb@pkslhs. dots.doe.ca]) (Information: Mr. David A. Graduate Program, SUNY Maritime Keough, US Army Military History College, Fort Schuyler, NY 10465 June 1-2 Institute, Carlisle Barracks, PA [tel.: + 1 718-409-7285; FAX: + 1 "World War II: A Fifty Year Per­ 17013-5008 [tel.: + 1717-245-3189; 718409-7359)) spective," 9th Annual World War II e-mail: keoughd@ carlisle­ Conference, Siena College, Loudon­ emh2.army.mil]) May 24-28 ville, NY (Information: Dr. Thomas Seventh North American Fur Trade O. Kelly II, Dept. of History, Siena May 13 History Conference, St. Mary's College, Loudonville, NY 12211­ "150 Years of Yachting," Day University, Halifax, NS (informa­ 1462, USA [tel.: 518-783-2595; School ofthe National Museums and tion: Barry Moody or Bill Wicken, FAX: 518-783-4293)) Galleries on MerseysidelUniversity Gorsebrook Research Institute, St. of Liverpool, Merseyside Maritime Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H June 3 Museum, Liverpool, UK (Informa­ 3C3 [tel: + 1 902-420-5668; FAX: "Safety Issues at Sea," Day School tion: Mr. Paul Rees, Merseyside + 1 902-420-5530; e-mail: bwicken of the National Maritime Museum/ JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 33

Goldsmiths' College, National Mari­ seyside Maritime Museum, (Information: Prof. Poul Holm, time Museum, Greenwich, UK Liverpool, UK (Information: Mr. Centre for Maritime and Regional (Information: Ms. Suzanne Testa, Paul Rees, Merseyside Maritime History, DK-671O Esbjerg V, Den­ Course Administrator, Open Museum, Albert Dock, Liverpool L3 mark [tel.: +45 75-150666; FAX: Museum, National Maritime 4AQ, UK [tel.: +44 51-247-0001; +45 75-153057; e-mail: cmrhpoh Museum, London SElO 9NF [tel.: FAX: +4451-709-3003]) @Iogin.dknet.dk]) +44 81-312-6747]) June 17-0ctober 28 July 28-30 June 7-10 1995 Scale Ship Model Competition Commemoration of the 1758 Siege World Fishing Exhibition, and Exhibition, Mariners' Museum, of Louisbourg, Louisbourg, NS Copenhagen (Information: Reed Newport News, VA (Information: (Information: Sandy Balcom, For­ Exhibition Companies Ltd., Oriel Mariners' Museum, 100 Museum tress of Louisbourg National His­ House, 26 The Quadrant, Rich­ Drive, Newport News, VA 23606­ toric Site, PO Box 160, Louis­ mond, Surrey TW9 IDL, England 3759 [tel.: + 1804-596-2222; FAX: bourg, NS BOA IMO [tel.: + 1 902­ [tel.: +4481-948-9800; FAX: +44 +1804-591-7310]) 733-2280; FAX: + 1 902-733­ 81-948-9870]) 2362]) June 26-28 June 8-11 International Conference on "The August 10-12 Annual Meeting of the Naval Preservation of Historic Ships," "World War II in the Pacific Con­ Officers Association of Canada, Dundee, Scotland (Information: ference," Arlington, VA (Informa­ Windsor, ON Hamish Robertson, Development tion: American Society of Naval Manager, Unicorn Preservation Engineers, 1452 Duke St., Alexan­ June 11-16 Society, Victoria Dock, Dundee, dria, VA 22314-3458) IS OPE 95: 5th International Scotland DDI IHG [tel.: +44 382­ Offshore and Polar Engineering 200900]) August 18-20 Conference, Den Haag, Netherlands "Maritime Industries and Public (Information: Technical Program July 2-7 Intervention, " Fourth Conference of Committee, Att. Prof. lin S. Chung, Triennial Congress of the Interna­ the North Sea Society, Stavanger, ISOPE, PO Box 1107, Golden, CO tional Council of Museums, Stavan­ Norway (Information: Ms. Randi 90402-1107, USA [tel.: + 1 303­ ger, Norway (Information: Harald Skotheim, Stavanger Museum, 273-3673; FAX: + 1303-420-3760]) Hamre, Director, Stavanger Musegt. 16, N-4005 Stavanger, Museum, Musegt. 16, N-4005 Sta­ Norway [tel.: +47 51-522-6035; June 13 vanger, Norway [tel.: +4751-522­ FAX: +47 51-522-9380]) Comite de documentation historique 6035; FAX: +47 51-522-9380]) de la Marine, Seminaire, Musee de August 20-26 la Marine, Palais de Chaillot, Paris, July 2-7 XXI Colloquium ofthe International France; Lecteur: Florence Le Guel­ Interim Meeting of the International Commission of Military History, laff (Universite de Rouen), "La Congress of Maritime Museums, Quebec, PQ (Information: Dr. composition des equipages des bati­ Stavanger Maritime Museum, Serge Bernier, Director General ments armes en course sous la Re­ Stavanger, Norway (Information: History, National Defence Head­ volution, Ie Consulat et ('Empire" Ms. Randi Skotheim, Stavanger quarters, Ottawa, ON KIA 0K2 Museum, Musegt. 16, N-4005 Sta­ [tel.: +1613-998-7064; FAX: +1 June 16-17 vanger, Norway [tel.: +4751-522­ 613-990-8579]) "The Thames Sailing Barge, " 6035; FAX: +47 51-522-9380]) Course of the National Maritime August 25-27 Museum/Goldsmiths' College, Na­ July 21-8eptember 30 Annual Meeting of the Canadian tional Maritime Museum, Green­ "The Work of Peter F. Anson, Historical Association, Montreal, wich, UK (Information: Ms. Maritime Artist," Exhibit, Thurrock PQ (Information: Dr. A.B. McKil­ Suzanne Testa, Course Administra­ Museum, Grays, Essex, UK (Infor­ lop, Canadian Historical Associ­ tor, Open Museum, National Mari­ mation: "Stella Maris,'· 66 Dock ation, 395 Wellington St., Ottawa, time Museum, London SElO 9NF Rd., Tilbury, Essex RM 18 7BX, UK ON KIA ON3 [tel.: + 1 613-233­ [tel.: +44 81-312-6747]) [tel.: +44375-845641; FAX: +44 7885; FAX: +1613-567-3110]) 375-843736]) June 17 August 27-September 3 "Approaches to the History of Tech­ July 26-30 International Congress of Historical nology, " Day School ofthe National Symposium on the Development of Sciences, Montreal, PQ, including Museums and Galleries on Mersey­ North Atlantic Fisheries, c. 1400­ the Congress of the International sidelUniversity of Liverpool, Mer- 1976, Vestmann Islands, Iceland Cornmission for Maritime History 34 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

on the theme "Ports, Port Cities and mation: SNAME, 601 Pavonia Hagley Museum and Library, PO Maritime Communities," and the Avenue, Jersey City, NJ 07306 [tel.: Box 3630, Wilmington, DE 19807 CNRS Annual General Meeting, 28 +1 201-798-4800; FAX: +1 201­ [tel.: +1 302-658-2401; FAX: +1 August-l September (ICMH Organ­ 798-4975)) 302-658-0568; e-mail: rh@strauss. izer: Prof. Lewis R. Fischer, Mari­ udel.edu]) time Studies Research Unit, Mem­ October 13-15 orial University of Newfoundland, "Human Societies and Marine Ecol­ October St. John's, NF AIC 5S7 [tel.: + 1 ogy in the North Atlantic Region, "The Poster War," Exhibit on 709-737-8424; FAX: + 1 709-737­ 1500-1995," Memorial University of World War I Allied Propaganda, 8427; e-mail: [email protected]. Newfoundland, St. John's, NF On­ Yarmouth County Museum and mun.ca)) formation: Dr. Daniel Vickers, Archives, Yarmouth, NS (Informa­ Chair, Maritime Studies Research tion: Yarmouth County Museum September 14-17 Unit, Memorial University of New­ and Archives, 22 Collins St., Yar­ "Race, Culture and Power in North foundland, St. John's, NF AIC 5S7 mouth, NS B5A 3C8 [tel.: + 1 902­ American Maritime Communities," [tel.: + 1 709-737-8425; FAX: + 1 742-5539)) Conference, Mystic Seaport 709-737-2164; e-mail: dvickers Museum, Mystic, CT Onformation @kean.ucs.mun.ca]) November and Proposals by 1 March 1995: "Cities of the Sea in the Post­ James A. Miller, American Studies October 13-15 Byzantine Era," Third Symposium Program, Trinity College, Hartford, Symposium on Yachting and Small of the Cyprus-American Archae­ CT 06106 [tel.:, + 1 203-297-2429; Craft History, Royal Canadian Yacht ological Research Institute, Nicosia, FAX + 1 203-297-5258)) Club, Toronto, ON (proposals and Cyprus (Information: Dr. Stuart Information: John Summers, Cura­ Swiny, Director, Cyprus-American September 18-19 tor, Marine Museum of Upper Archaeological Research Institute, "The Challenger Legacy," Confer­ Canada, Toronto Historical Board, 11 Andreas Demetriou, Nicosia ence, Southampton Oceanography 205 Yonge Street, Toronto, ON 136, Cyprus [tel +357-245-1832; Centre, Southampton, UK Onforma­ M5B IN2 [tel.: + 1 416-392-1765; FAX: +357246-1147]) tion: Dr. Margaret Deacon, Depart­ FAX: +1 416-392-1765; e-mail: ment of Oceanography, University [email protected]]) December-March 1996 of Southampton, Highfield, South­ "Antonio Jacobsen's Painted Ships ampton S017 lBJ) October 14-15 on Painted Oceans," Exhibit, Twentieth Annual Whaling History Philadelphia Maritime Museum, September 21-23 Symposium, Kendall Whaling Philadelphia, PA (Information: "Mediterranee, Mer Ouverte, de la Museum, Sharon, MA (Information: Philadelphia Maritime Museum, fin du XVe siecle a l'aube du Dr. Stuart Frank, Kendall Whaling 321 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA XXIe, "Marseilles, France Onforma­ Musuem, PO Box 297, Sharon, MA 19106 [tel.: + 1 215-925-5439; tion: H. Poilroux-Deleuze, 18 rue 02067 [tel.: + 1 617-785-5642; FAX: + 1 215-625-9635)) Neuve Sainte Catherine, F-13007 FAX: +1 617-785-0451)) Marseilles, France) 1996 October 25-27 September 29-0ctober 1 Twelfth Naval History Symposium, March 7-10 Council for Northeast Historical US Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD "De-Centring the Renaissance: Archaeology, Conference and Gen­ (Information and Proposals by May Canada and Europe in Multi-Disci­ eral Meeting, Louisbourg, NS (In­ 1, 1995: Dr. William B. Cogar, plinary Perspective, 1350-1700," formation: Andree Crepeau or Dept. of History, US Naval Acad­ Conference, University ofToronto, Charles Burke, Fortress of Louis­ emy, Annapolis, MD 21402-5044 Toronto, ON (Information: Dr. bourg National Historic Site, PO [tel.: + 1 410-293-6376)) Germain Warkentin, Dept. of Eng­ Box 160, Louisbourg, NS BOA IMO lish, Victoria College, University of [tel.: +1 902-733-2280; FAX: +1 October 27-28 Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S lK7 902-733-2362)) "Aftermath: The Transition from [FAX: + 1 416-585-4584; e-mail: War to Peace in America, 1943­ [email protected])) October 4-7 1949," Conference, Center for the "Technologies and Strategies for History ofBusiness, Technology and May 10-16 World-Class Competitiveness in Society, Hagley Museum and "War and Diplomacy in Asia, 1914­ Ship Design, Shipbuilding, and Ship Library, Wilmington, DE (Informa­ 1975," 22nd Colloquium of the Operations," Society ofNaval Arch­ tion: Dr. Roger Horowitz, Associate International Commission of Mili­ itects and Marine Engineers Annual Director, Center for the History of tary History, Canberra, ACT (In­ Conference, Washington, DC (Infor- Business, Technology and Society, formation: Dr. Serge Bernier, Di- JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 35

rector General History, National tory Conference, Leiden, Nether­ Association for the Study of Maritime Defence Headquarters, Ottawa, ON lands Mission this April in Liverpool. KIA 0K2 [tel.: +1 613-998-7064; HANK BARENDREGT is continuing FAX: + 1 613-990-8579]) August his studies on the anthropology of the Eighth Conference of the Associ­ Pacific Basin. He intends to make a June 5-8 ation for the History of the Northern two-week research trip to the Outer Second International Congress of Seas, Fiskeri- og Sefartsmuseum, Hebrides next spring and to attend the Maritime History, Amsterdam (In­ Esbjerg, Denmark (Information: Second International Congress ofMari­ formation: Mrs. Drs. C. Reinders Prof. Poul Holm, Centre for Mari­ time History in Amsterdam at the same Folmer, PO Box 102, NL-2350 AC time and Regional History, Fiskeri­ time. LOUIS BLANCHETTE's His­ Leiderdorp, Netherlands [tei.: +31 og Sefartsmuseet, DK-6710 Esbjerg toire de COGEMA was published late 71895382] or David M. Williams, V, Denmark [tel.: +4575-150666; last year by Histo-Graff in Rimouski. IMEHA Organizer, Dept. of Econ­ FAX: +45 75-153057; e-mail: He has been serving as Secretary of the omic and Social History, University [email protected]]) Musee de la mer Pointe-au-Pere since of Leicester, Leicester LEI 7RH, January 1993. J.F. BOSHER's most UK [tel: +44 533-522582; FAX: 1998 recent publication is "Sept grands mar­ +44 533-525081]) chands catholiques fran<;ais participant August au commerce avec la Nouvelle-France July Twelfth International Congress of (1660-1715)," Revue d'histoire de "Albert Dockl150 Conference," Economic History, Seville, Spain l'Amerique franfaise 48, No. 1 (Ete, Merseyside Maritime Museum, 1994), 3-27. JIM BOUTILIER will Liverpool, UK (Information: Adrian 1999 lead a panel discussion on "Security Jarvis, Merseyside Maritime Issues and Canada's Defence Role in Museum, Albert Dock, Liverpool Summer the Pacific" at the Maritime Awards L3 4AA [tel.: +44 51-207-0001; Ninth Conference of the Association Society's "Pacific 21" Forum in Vic­ FAX: +4441-709-3003]) for the History ofthe Northern Seas, toria in March. An article by FRANK Sir Wilfred Grenfell College, Corner BROEZE on "The Netherlands and the August Brook, NF (Information: Dr. Olaf Atlantic: Ocean Transport and Portl "Lighthouses," XIth Baltic Seminar, U. Janzen, Dept. of History, Sir Airport Rivalry" appears in R. Hoefte Provincial Museum of Kymenlaak­ Wilfred Grenfell College, Corner and J. Kardux (eds.), The Netherlands so, Kotka, Finland (Information and Brook, NF [tel.: + 1 709-637-6282; in Five Centuries of Transatlantic Ex­ Proposals: Ms. Eira Karppinen, FAX: +1 709-639-8125; E-mail: changes (Amsterdam, 1994), 83-105. Provincial Museum of Kymenlaak­ [email protected]. ca]) His seminal essay, "The Cost of Dis­ so, Kotkankatu 13, SF_48100 Kot­ tance: Shipping and the Early Austra­ ka, Finland [tel.: +35852-274430]) 2000 lian Economy, 1788-1850," has been reprinted in R.C. Michie (ed.), Finan­ September 1-8 Summer cial and Commercial Services (Oxford, 9th General Assembly, the Interna­ Third International Congress of 1994). TONY BUSCH is co-author tional Congress of Maritime Muse­ Maritime History, Sponsored by the (with Rhys Richards) of "United States urns, Merseyside Maritime Museum, International Maritime Economic Trade With China in the Third Decade, Liverpool, UK (Information: Dr. History Association, Fiskeri- og 1805-1814," American Neptune, LlV, Boye Meyer-Friese, Secretary-Gen­ Sefartsmuseum, Esbjerg, Denmark Special Supplement (1994), 45-66. In eral, ICMM, Altonaer Museum, PB (Information: Prof. Poul Holm, ARGONAUTA last year, we told you a 50.01.25, Museumstrasse 23, D­ Fiskeri- og Sefartsmuseet, DK-671O little about a model built by N.ROGER 2000 Hamburg 50, Germany) Esbjerg V, Denmark [tel.: +4575­ COLE of the Santa Maria. The model 150666; FAX: +45 75-153057; e­ had been commissioned by a corporate September 15-18 mail: [email protected]]) client to commemorate the 500th anni­ Icelandic Fisheries Exhibition, versary of the European discovery of Reykjavik (Information: Reed Exhi­ PERSONAL NEWS Puerto Rico. The model was delivered bition Companies Ltd., Oriel House, in late 1993 and remains on display at 26 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey J.D. ALSOP is the author of "The the client's corporate headquarters. It TW9 lDL, UK [tel.: +44 81-948­ Origin of Public Tendering for Royal was built to a scale of 1/50th from 9800; FAX: +44 81-948-9870]) Navy Provisions, 1699-1720," Marin­ plans prepared by Jose Maria Martinez­ er's Mirror, LXXX, No. 4 (1994), Hidalgo y Teran. The framing and 1997 395-402. He will present a paper on planking is of Colombian boxwood, the "Shipboard Religion in English Mari­ decks arre planked in Virginia holly, July time Society, c. 1550-1620," at the while the spars are degame (also known Fourth Anglo-Dutch Maritime His- Third Conference of the International as lancewood or lemonwood). As the 36 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

accompanying photograph shows, some Efficiency ofMaritime Labour Markets to reprint his 1976 book, The Princess of the planking was left off the port in the Age of Sail: The Post-1850 Nor­ Story: A Century and Half of West side at the client's request. WILLIAM wegian Experience, in Fischer (ed.), Coast Shipping, which he wrote with S. CORMACK has written Revolution The Market for Seamen in the Age of W. Kaye Lamb. MICHAEL HAD­ and Political Conflict in the French Sail (St. John's, 1994), 111-140. LEY's new book, Count Not the Dead: Navy 1789-1794, which will be pub­ CHARLES DANA GIBSON's most The Popular Image of the German lished in April by Cambridge Univer­ recent publication is "Prisoners of War Submarine, will be published in April sity Press. JIM DELGADO is the vs. Internees: The Merchant Mariner by McGill-Queen's University Press. author of "The Wreck of the Pacific Experience of World War II," Ameri- DAN HANNINGTON is devoting a Mail Steamship Ten- good deal of time these nessee, " Journal ofthe days to his collection West, xxxm, No. 4 of maritime philatelic (October 1994), 14-21. items. He recently DONALD DIGOUT acquired a block of continues his research Newfoundland stamps on the destroyer salvaged from the Iroquois. PETER ED­ wreck of the SS Sylvia WARDS calls our some ninety-five years attention to some ago. He would be important publications interested in hearing of the Society of Naval from other members Architects and Marine with similar interests. Engineers (SNAME) POUL HOLM is the that may be of interest author of "Technology to readers: Naval Transfer and Social Architecture for Non­ Setting. The Experi­ Naval Architects (US ence of Danish Steam $24.50), a general Trawlers in the North introduction to the Sea and Off Iceland, field; A Half-Century 1879-1903," in North­ of Marine Technology ern Seas. 1994 (US $45), which con­ Yearbook ofthe Associ­ tains the best and most ation for the History of important papers pres­ the Northern Seas ented at over fifty (Esbjerg, 1994), 113­ years of annual meet­ 57; and co-author (with ings; and Speed on the Morten Hahn-Peder­ Ship! (US $30), a sen) of "The Danish history of SNAME on Maritime Labour Mar­ the occasion of its ket, 1880-1900, " in 1993 centennial. All Lewis R. Fischer (ed.), can be ordered from The Marketfor Seamen SNAME, 601 Pavonia in the Age of Sail (St. Ave., Jersey City, NJ John's, 1994), 141-66. 07306. The Atlantic He has also contributed Fig. 4: Santa Maria, a model by N.R. Cole based on Charter, edited by plans prepared by Jose Maria Martinez-Hidalgo y Teran. essays on ports, fishing DAVID FACEY­ and maritime trade to CROWTHER and Photo: Courtesy ofN. Roger Cole Verner Bruhn, Es­ Douglas Brinkley, is bjergs hisrorie. II: available from St. 1850-1900 (Esbjerg, Martin's Press for US$ 39.95. LEWIS can Neptune, LIV, No.3 (Summer 1994). MARK HOWARD contributed R. FISCHER is co-author (with G.E. 1994), 187-193. NORMAN HACK­ an article on "The strange ordeal of Panting) of "Maritime History in ING's new book, Princes ofthe North, William Valentine" to the Journal of Canada: The Social and Economic a history of the Grand Trunk Pacific the Royal Historical Society ofQueens­ Dimensions," in John B. Hattendorf and Canadian National steamers on the land, XV, No.3 (1993), pp. 156-66; (ed.), Ubi Sumus? The State ofNaval Pacific coast, will be published soon by the article concerns the wreck of an and Maritime History (Newport, RI, Heritage House Publishing. Norman Australian whaling vessel in 1840. 1994), 59-77; and the author of "The also tells us that Heritage House plans RICK JAMES is the author of "Hulks JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 37

Make Fine Breakwaters," ResoLution, Special Joint Committee on Canada's GORDON C. SHAW is currently No. 34 (Winter 1994), 13-17. Last Defence Policy on behalf of DANN working on an economic history of dry­ October OLAF JANZEN was in Scot­ and ran two seminars in Ottawa to try bulk shipping on the Great Lakes and a land to begin investigating the trading to stimulate some informed public history of the steamship services of the voyage of the Christian, a Scottish debate on national defence. DAVID J. north channel of Georgian Bay. He merchantman, to Newfoundland and MCDOUGALL's essay, "A Piece of tells us that the restored Muskoka Spain in 1726-27. The ship's super­ Chipped Pottery with a History, " Lakes passenger steamer RMS Segwun cargo maintained a journal of the voy­ appeared in ARGONAUTA, XI, No.4 had an excellent season. The Muskoka age which is unusually complete and (October 1994), 14-16. David is con­ Lakes Steamship and Historical detailed. Moreover, the journal is tinuing his studies of the Preventive Society, the owners of Segwun, have complemented by an extensive collec­ Service; his "Annotated List of Cana­ also undertaken the restoration of the tion ofcorrespondence. With the assist­ dian Customs Preventive Service Patrol steam yacht Wanda Ill, built for the ance of a grant from the Institute of Boats, 1903-1931" will appear in the Timothy Eaton family in 1915. Wanda Social and Economic Research at Mem­ ApriIARGONAUTA. MARCMILNER III is the largest and fastest steam yacht orial University, Olaf will return to is the author of The U-Boat Hunters: ever built on the inland waterways. The Scotland in February for more detailed The Royal Canadian Navy and the society has also established a museum research. During his earlier visit, Olaf Offensive against Germany's Submar­ at the wharf in Gravenhurst with an also took a few days to visit the Uni­ ines, which was published in late Nov­ interesting collection of marine arti­ versity ofExeter and to present a paper ember by the University of Toronto facts, including two yaCht steam on "IIlicit Trade in English Cod into Press. He has also published "The engines. SUZANNE SPOHN tells us Spain, 1739-48" at the Exeter Maritime Historiography of the Canadian Navy: that she has recently discovered an old History Conference. ANDREW LAM­ The State of the Art," in John B. Hat­ tug called GiLLking on Vancouver Island BERT's most recent publication is tendorf (ed.), Ubi Sumus? The State of and hopes to do some research into its "The Impact of Naval Technology on NavaL and Maritime History (Newport, history. Congratulations to RICHARD Warship Construction and Repair at RI, 1994), 79-92. The latest edition of UNGER on being awarded a Killam Devonport, 1815-1986," in Michael E. STANLEY PARKER's Guide to Research Prize by the University of Duffy, et aL. (eds.), The New Maritime the Collision Regulations is now in the British Columbia. DAVID M. History of Devon. II: From the Late hands of the publisher. We will let you WILLIAMS is the author of Eighteenth Century to the Present Day know when it appears. An essay by "'Advance Notes' and the Recruitment (London, 1994), 177-187. People inter­ JAMES PRITCHARD, entitled of Maritime Labour in Britain in the ested in ferries in Atlantic Canada "French Strategy and the American Nineteenth Century, " in Lewis R. might want to consult MAC MAC­ Revolution," appeared in NavaL War Fischer (ed.), The Market for Seamen KAY's insightful remarks in the "New College Review, XLVII, No. 4 in the Age of SaiL (St. John's, 1994), England and Eastern Canada" column (Autumn 1994), 83-108. GEORGE 81-100. ROBIN WYLLIE has com­ in the Summer 1994 issue of Steamboat ROBINSON keeps busy with books on pleted his manuscript, "Franklin's Bill. We would like to congratulate the RCN, 1910-1967, and his collection Island," a personal history of Franklin FRASER MCKEE, whose book of RCN badges and tallies. A.C. D. Roosevelt's long association with HMCS Swansea: The Life ofa Frigate (FRED) ROGERS continues to write Campobello Island, and is currently is now available from Vanwell Publish­ articles for The Westcoast Mariner and searching for a new project which ing in St. Catharines. KENNETH S. the Underwater ArchaeoLogicaL Society combines Maritime Provinces' mari­ MACKENZIE writes that he is assist­ ofBritish CoLumbia. His current project time history, transportation and related ing in the "melancholy task" of closing is a history of British Columbia tug­ technologies. He is also, of course, down Royal Roads Military College. boats. Our apologies to ERIC SAGER continuing research and collecting "Despite what happens at CMR in St­ for missing his book Discovering photographs for his column on "Mari­ Jean," Ken writes, "it is a cast-iron Darwin: The 1930s in Memory and time Provinces Steam Passenger Ves­ certainty that the military will turn off History, which was published in 1993 sels" and is seeking correspondents the lights at Hatley Castle in August by the Historical Society of the North­ with a knowledge of Gulf of St. Law­ 1995." Ken's task is to ensure that the ern Territory. ROGER SARTY pres­ rence and North Shore New Brunswick remaining historical records and arti­ ented a paper on "The Ghosts of Fisher steam vessels. facts get fitting and secure homes. He and Jellicoe, the Royal Canadian Navy, is continuing his work on the Navy and the Quebec Conferences" at the NEWS FROM MARITIME League, Canada's merchant marine 50th Anniversary Conference on the ARCffiVES AND MUSEUMS during WWII and the Canadian Gov­ Wartime Summits in Quebec in Octo­ ernment Merchant Marine. DAN ber. DONALD SCHURMAN is co­ AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL MAINGUY continues to edit the editor (with John Hattendorf) of a new MARITIME MUSEUM Defence Association's National Net­ edition of Sir Julian Corbett, Maritime (Sydney. NSW) work (DANN) NationaL Network News. Operations in the Russo-Japanese War, He recently made a submission to the 1904-1905 (2 vols., Annapolis, 1994). The museum sponsored a series of 38 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

lectures in the fall to coincide with its KENDAIL WHALING MUSEUM Finally, the museum has a new librar­ successful "Mary Rose Exhibition." It (Sharon, MA) ian and assistant curator. Michael P. has also produced a booklet to accom­ Dyer, who has worked at the York pany the exhibit, stressing its social The museum currently has two mono­ County Agricultural and Industrial aspects. graphs in press and at least one more to Museum, Mystic Seaport Museum and be published during 1995. To appear the Kendall Whaling Museum, succeeds In November the museum hosted the shortly are Uwe Schnall's volume on Sarah E. Reilly. Third Cologne Whaling Meeting, at Norse whaling in the Viking era and which historians, whaling activists, Kenneth Mitchell's book on the MAINE MARITIME MUSEUM collectors and enthusiasts had an oppor­ cetology of Albertus Magnus. Later in (Bath, ME) tunity to meet and exchange views. the year the museum will publish Joost Schokkenbroek's monograph, Jaws on The current exhibition, "More by Eye FISHERIES MUSEUM OF THE Walls: Whale Jawbones on Public than by Measure: The Art of John P. ATLANTIC Buildings in the Netherlands, 1535­ Gardner," includes a dozen models and (Lunenburg, NS) 1995. A final noteworthy publication as many drawings by John Prior Gard­ will be museum director Stuart M. ner, former New York longshoreman The museum has completed its most Frank's Dictionary of Scrimshaw Art­ and now a model maker in Castine, successful season, attracting ciose to ists, Volume II - Supplement, which ME. Yachts, sailboats and historic 100,000 visitors. Visitors were able to will be issued by the Mystic Seaport working vessels of Maine are included visit new exhibits on the North and Museum. in the exhibit, which will run through South Atlantic seal fishery installed as April 2. The winter exhibition, "Thirty part ofthe Whales and Whaling Gallery The museum will host its 20th annual Years in Collections," highlights some and on the Lunenburg Sea Products fish "Whaling History Symposium" on the of the more unusual artifacts donated plant. weekend of October 14-15. This year's since the museum began collecting in event will include presentations on 1964. It will be on view through Feb­ This winter, a series of archival films native North American and Euro-Amer­ ruary 28. Recent museum acquisitions will be shown each Wednesday morn­ ican whaling on the northwest coast, as include a series of models made over a ing at 10 AM from January 5 to May well as the history of ethnology collect­ forty-year period by Milton Gowen of 18. On February 20, to celebrate Heri­ ing in that region. The new "Japanese Westbrook, ME. These encompass tage Day, the museum will display a Gallery," which opened last spring, many types of vessels, including the selection of vessel and crew photo­ features the permanent exhibition on steamer Portlilnd, which was lost in the graphs from its collection. Visitors are "Whaling in Japan, 1590-1990." The great gale of 1898. also invited to bring along any photos current temporary exhibit is "The that they believe the staff might be able Hollywood Whale Fishery: Movies and The museum has signed a contract with to help them identify. Movie Posters of Whaling," which will Ralph L. Snow and Douglas Lee to run through October. A travelling exhi­ prepare a book-length history of the FISKERI- OG S0FARTSMUSEET bition entitled "Jaws on Walls: Whale Percy and Small shipyard, the buildings (Esbjerg, Denmark) Jawbones on Public Buildings in the of which are preserved by the museum. Netherlands," with a catalogue by Joost Publication is scheduled for 1997. On 1 October 1994 the Centre for Schoekkenbroek of the Nederlands Maritime and Regional History, spon­ Scheepvaart Museum, is available to On the staff front, Scott R. Candage sored jointly by the museum and the tour during 1995-1997. The exhibition has been named Registrar to replace University of Aarhus, began its activ­ is available to qualified institutions In Stefanie Staley, who has assumed the ities. Chartered for five years in the Canada and inquiries are welcome. title of Education Coordinator. James first instance, the Centre will, among Gubser has been appointed Director of other things, offer a PhD in maritime Since the publication of Stuart C. Sher­ Development. history. Poul Holm has been appointed man, et at., Whaling Logbooks & Research Professor of Maritime His­ Journals, 1613-1927 (1986), the MARINERS' MUSEUM tory, while museum director Morten museum has acquired approximately (Newport News, VA) Hahn-Pedersen has been appointed 450 additional whaling logbooks and Associate Professor. Mette Guldberg is journals representing about 800 whaling The museum has established the the first Research Fellow to be voyages to a variety of grounds William D. Wilkinson Research Fel­ appointed to the Centre. The museum between 1658 and 1925. A catalogue is lowship to honour its Director Emeri­ has also received a grant of DKK 20 scheduled for publication in early 1995, tus. The fellowship, which is worth million from the city of Esbjerg to and virtually the entire collection is $750, is designed to encourage work in construct a new administrative building accessible on microfilm via inter­ the museum's extensive collections by with office space for the Centre, a library loan. assisting with travel and expenses. public lecture hall and a cinema. Although special consideration will be JANUARY 1995 ARGONAUTA 39 given to scholars in need and those The museum has been appointed to act PHILADELPHIA MARITIME interested in lifeboats, lifesaving, safety on behalf of BC Ferries as a repository MUSEUM at sea and the US Coast Guard, it is and manager of historical artifacts and (Philadelphia, PAl open to scholars interested in alI areas colIections. The museum will cata­ of maritime history. Applications, logue, document, preserve and store Jane AlIen, the museum's curator, has which should include a current c. v., artifacts owned by BC Ferries or been awarded one of two prizes for two letters of support, and a single­ donated by the general public. best article published in 1993· in Ameri­ page proposal, should be received no can Neptune. She was honoured for her later than 31 March 1995. The recipi­ Meanwhile, the museum also would essay, "Lying in the Port of Philadel­ ent ofthe felIowship wilI have one year like to remind readers of the availabil­ phia: Vessel Types, 1725-1775." from the time of the award to visit the ity of two important books published in museum. For further information, con­ 1994. The second edition of Canada's ROYAL NAVAL MUSEUM tact Benjamin H. Trask, Librarian, Admirals and Commodores, compiled (Portsmouth, UK) Mariners' Museum, 100 Museum by John MacFarlane with an introduc­ Drive, Newport News, VA 23606-3759 tion by CNRS member Jan Drent, Over 40,000 veterans, including a large (tel.: + 1 804-596-2222; FAX: + 1 contains almost twice as much informa­ contingent of Canadians, gathered in 804-591-7310) tion as the 1991 edition. It is available Portsmouth last year to celebrate the from the museum for $30.93, inclusive fiftieth anniversary of the D-Day land­ MARITIME MUSEUM OF THE of shipping and GST. Also available is ings. While there, many of the veterans ATLANTIC Canada's Naval Aviators by John Mac­ attended a special exhibit at the (Halifax, NS) Farlane and Robbie Hughes, with an museum entitled "The Vital Link," introduction by Admiral Bob Falls. which focused on the role played by the The permanent exhibit "Halifax Containing information on more than Women's Royal Naval Service during Wrecked" opened at the museum on 1600 Canadian naval aviators and more the invasion of Europe. December 4. A moving portrayal ofthe than 350 portrait photographs, the book horrendous 1917 explosion and fire, the is available for $36.27, including ship­ UNITED STATES SHIPBUILDING exhibit includes artifacts, memorabilia, ping and GST. MUSEUM and photographs. (Quincy, MA) MUSEE MARITIME BERNIER In November students from the Nova (L'Islet-sur-Mer, PQ) The Museum, which is slated to open Scotia Sea School lofted a twenty-eight­ this falI at a ten-acre site at the Fore foot pulIing boat in the museum's Alain Franck has joined the museum as River Shipyard in Quincy, ha·s recently SmalI Craft GalIery. It should be Registrar of ColIections. The museum taken possession of the USS Salem, the launched in May and wilI be used as a publishes a fine newsletter, Info MMB, world's only surviving heavy cruiser. sail trainer. which contains news and stories about The Salem, which will be one of the exhibitions, attractions and a host of museum's showpieces, was built at tile MARITIME MUSEUM OF BRITISH other topics; it is available free to shipyard in 1949. After serving for COLUMBIA members. This year the museum is eight years as the flagship of the US (Victoria, BC) hosting three temporary exhibits: "Les Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean, it was voiles de mon fleuve, Eugene LeClerc decommissioned in 1959. The museum appointed a new Execu­ batelier miniaturiste," which runs until tive Director effective December 1. May 1; "L'Empress of Ireland: Ie VANCOUVER MARITIME MUSEUM Jeanne Shoemaker, who has an exten­ Titanic du Saint-Laurent," which will (Vancouver, BC) sive background in cultural organiz­ be on display until October 30; and ations, business, public administration, "L'Univers maritime de I'enfance," Rebecca MagalIanes has been appointed financial development and journalism, which can be seen until December 31. Executive Assistant and Lisa Ryan has replaces Graham Fram, who had been Last year's exhibition, "Transport par become Museum Secretary. The new Acting Executive Director since John mer," which was put together by the "Children's Maritime Discovery MacFarlane left to become Project museum, is available to travel from Centre" has been a big success. A Manager at the McLean National His­ March 1995. For further information, hands-on centre where children can toric Site in Port Alberni. In other please contact Madame Sonia Chasse at learn alI about boats, it features com­ personnel news, Graham Fram has the museum on (418) 247-5001. puter modules, a fully-operational retired, while Guy Mathias has been wheelhouse of a tugboat, discovery tapped to filI the new position of Exhi­ NATIONAL MARITIME MUSEUM drawers, a scale replica ofVancouver's bition Manager. In his new post, Guy (Greenwich, UK) ship Discovery, telescopes, and cos­ is charged with developing a five-year tumes for dress-up. The Centre has exhibition programme covering both The museum's controversial exhibit on been funded in part by a $15,000 grant permanent and temporary exhibitions. the Titanic is on view until early April. from the Vancouver Foundation. 40 ARGONAUTA JANUARY 1995

WESTERN AUSTRALIA INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF coastal management, shipbuilding and MARITIME MUSEUM MARITIME MUSEUMS security and defence will explore some (Fremantle, WAy of the major maritime issues confront­ The Congress held its interim meeting ing the west coast. Information on The museum has been named a Centre in Vancouver for the first time this past registration may be obtained from of Excellence in Maritime Archaeol­ September at the Vancouver Maritime MASC, PO Box 5328, Station B, Vic­ ogy. In recognition of this, the Austra­ Museum. During the sessions, a num­ toria, BC V8R 6S4. The Society also lian federal government has awarded ber of Canadians made presentations. announces that Dr. Robert G. Rogers, the museum a grant of AUS $800,000 Maurice Smith, curator of the Marine Chancellor of the University of Vic­ over the next three years to expand its Museum of the Great Lakes, discussed toria, has agreed to become its Patron. various operations in Western Austra­ his museum's publication efforts as lia, Australian and overseas. Also, the well as the availability of its collection PROJECT HMS DETROIT victorious America's Cup yacht from database via Queen's University. Robin 1983, Alan Bond's Australia II, is to Inglis talked about the North The society is holding its AGM at the "come home" and become the centre of Vancouver Maritime Museum's work Knights of Columbus Hall in Amherst­ a new museum building which will to preserve the maritime heritage of a burg, ON, on January 11. Last year house it (and, hopefully, its opponent, local area and filled delegates in on the volunteers took the ship's boat to the Liberty) in a permanent exhibit on relationships between British Colum­ Toronto Boat Show, the Great Lakes Western Australian yachting and fishing bia's maritime museums. David Flem­ Shipwreck Conference, and a variety of history. ming of the Maritime Museum of the other events in the Great Lakes region. Atlantic spoke about a variety of east­ In 1995 the project has been invited to YARMOUTH COUNTY MUSEUM coast maritime museums. Finally, participate in the "Gathering of the Tall AND ARCHIVES Thomas Beasley of the Vancouver Ships" at Louisbourg, NS. (Yarmouth, NS) Maritime Museum presented a talk on the museum's involvement in marine SA VE ONTARIO SHIPWRECKS Nautical memorabilia continues to archaeological projects through partner­ come into the archives. For example, it ships with local societies and university At the SOS Annual General Meeting in recently acquired seamen's discharge programmes. More than fifty-five October in Toronto, a number of im­ books, letters of reference, ill cards museum professionals attended the portant projects were discussed. With and the like from Captain Alvin Allen meeting. the assistance of government funds, (b. Yarmouth, 1906), chief officer and both SOS Windsor and Sault Ste. Marie master in CN Steamship vessels during INTERNATIONAL MARITIME are able to continue putting data into and after WWll. The exhibit "The ECONOMIC HISTORY ASSOCIATION the "Marine Heritage Database" until Maritime Folk Art of A. DeClerck" next summer. The Port Dover chapter will be on display for the entire month The IMEHA invites nominations for has discovered a fully intact, but previ­ of February; the curator of the exhibit, President, Vice-President (2), Secretary ously unknown, wreck in Lake Erie, Dr. Ken Martin of Woolwich, ME, and Treasurer. Canadian nominations and was able to guide the international­ will be addressing the Society on Feb­ are particularly welcome, since three of ly renowned Dr. Joe McGinnis to it for ruary 4. Finally, concept plans for a the officers must be Canadian citizens a dive. The Prescott chapter celebrated much-needed expansion have recently or landed immigrants. Requests for the 105th anniversary of the sinking of been released. The design is by restora­ additional information and nominations the paddlewheeler Rothesay with a tion architect Harry Jost of Annapolis should be sent to Prof. L.R. Fischer, dive; the chapter has also buoyed and Royal. All that is now required is the Secretary, IMEHA Nominating Com­ plaqued the wreck site. SOS Barrie has necessary funding! mittee, Maritime Studies Research sunk a small cruiser in Kemperfelt Bay, Unit, Memorial University of New­ Lake Simcoe, for the enjoyment of NEWS FROM MARITIME foundland, St. John's, NF AIC 5S7 divers. ORGANIZATIONS AND (tel.: 709-737-8424; FAX: 709-737­ SOCIETIES 8427; e-mail: [email protected]. The 1995 SOS Forum will be hosted by ca). SOS Ohio in Sandusky, on March 25, COMPANY OF MASTER MARINERS 1995. The keynote speaker will be John MARITIME AWARDS SOCIETY OF Broadwater, the Director of Monitor At its January National Council meet­ CANADA Marine Sanctuary. There will also be a ing, the Company of Master Mariners report on the first season of open sport of Canada decided to look into the The Society will be sponsoring a one­ diving on the historic Civil War iron­ possibility of holding a technical meet­ day forum entitled "Pacific 21: Four clad, Monitor. For further information, ing as part of this year's AGM. It is Problems in Search of a Solution," at please contact Ms. Joyce Hayward, hoped that details can be finalized by the University of Victoria on 4 March. SOS Ohio, 1791 C.R. 296, Bellevue, the end of the winter. Panels on the salmon fisheries, BC OH 44811 (tel.: 419-483-3074).