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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-12562-8 - Archaeology and the Social History of Ships, 2nd Edition Richard A. Gould Index More information

general index

Abandoned Shipwreck Act of 1987, Birka, Sweden, 182–183 343–345 Blackwall Frigates, 304 Actian rams, 144 blockade-runners (Confederate), 265, Aeolian Islands, Italy, 153 269, 271–273, 276–277, 280 Aland˚ Islands, Finland, 178–179, bombardeta cannon, 218–220, 226, 186–187 243 Alexandria, Egypt, 146, 319, 321, 335 Bouguer, Pierre, 75 alternative archaeologies, 354 Boutakov, Admiral Grigorie, 289 amphora, 49, 51, 128–129, 131–132, Braudel, Fernand, 155–156, 173 136, 142, 145–148 Brouwer, Hendrik, 239 Anaconda Plan, 270, 277, 310 buoyancy, center of, 74 archery (at sea), 137, 219, 224–225, Bukit Tengkorak, Borneo, 170 228 bulk cargoes, 4, 76–77, 159, 163, 185, arithmetic mean center (AMC), 39–40 206–207, 248–249 arms race, early modern, 285–286 association, physical Cabot, John, 211 primary, 54, 57–59 Caesarea Maritima, Israel, 320, 329 secondary, 58–60 captain’s walk (see also widow’s walk), tertiary, 60 267 autonomous underwater vehicles caravel, 210, 212–213, 218 (AUVs), 2, 49, 346 caravela latina, 210 caravela redonda, 210 baidarka, 93, 95, 99 cargo-preference trade, 6 Baker, Matthew, 70 carrack, 191, 195, 204, 216, 223, 246 Banda, Indonesia, 239 carvel construction, 191, 200 barratry, 264 Catherine of Aragon, 225 Bass, George F., 2, 20, 26, 50–52, 81, Cederlund, Carl Olof, 54, 61, 234–236 127–128, 130, 155–157, Celtic tradition in shipbuilding, 114 173–174, 176–177 cerbatana cannon, 219 Bayeux Tapestry, 180–181, 207 chaos theory (of underwater Beardman jug, 242 archaeology), 2–3

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-12562-8 - Archaeology and the Social History of Ships, 2nd Edition Richard A. Gould Index More information

380 r General Index

Childe, Vere Gordon, 23 Dong Xa coffin burials and log boat, Chontal Maya (see also Mayan Vietnam, 196 traders), 98 Down Easters, 253 Christie’s auction house, 342–343 dragon boats, 124 Chumash (see also tomol), 109–110 Drake, Sir Francis (fireships at Cinque Ports, 190 Gravelines), 233 clinker-built construction, 102, Dressel, Heinrich, 146–147 110–113, 177–178, 180–181, Duke of Medina Sidonia, 28, 231 184–185, 191, 207, 224 Duke of Parma, 229 clipper ships, 19th century, 65, 68, Dupuy de Lome,ˆ 285 70 Dutch United East India Company (see coca (Mediterranean cog), 195 also V.O.C.), 30, 238–240, 246, Coles, Cowper Phipps, 287–289, 341–342 294–297 Collingwood, R.G., 356 effective distance (in maritime trade), Columbus, Christopher, 23, 83, 98, 152 195, 212 Elizabeth I, 216, 227 commerce raiding (as naval strategy), Ellmers, Detlev, 183–184, 186, 190 142, 282 English Merchant Shipping Act of composite guns (from Batavia), 1876, 73 242–243 equifinality, principle of, 152–153 computer simulations (of long-distance Ericsson, John, 42, 287–288, 296–297 voyaging), 79, 106 Eskimo (Inuit) skin boats coracle, 93 (archaeological evidence), 93–95, Cornelisz, Jeronimus, 240 111 court of history, 11–12, 21 expeditionary exploitation (in crannogs, Scotland, 29 colonialism), 212 Crimean War, 285, 289, 298 extracting filters, 12 crimps, 261 cultural relativism, 354–355 fallacy of affirming the consequent, 13, Cunningham, Fort (Bermuda), 299, 17, 198, 355 306 fireships (at Gravelines), 233 curragh, 93 Firth, Raymond, 167–168 Fisher, Mel, 337–338, 345 da Gama, Vasco, 195 Fitch, John (early steamboats), 250 Dampier, William, 92 flags of convenience, 6 Dashur boats, Egypt, 102–103, 105, Flannery, Kent, 121, 173 111, 124–125 fleet in being (naval strategy), 282 Davids (Confederate fluyt (see also vlieboot), 67 semisubmersibles), 307 Fort Cunningham, Bermuda, 299, 306 Deane, Anthony, 71 Fort Gellibrand, Australia, 298 de Morgan, Jean-Jacques, 102 Fort Jefferson, Florida (construction Dias, Bartholomeu, 210 of), 24, 35, 37, 54–56, 58, 83, 85, diekplus (ramming tactic), 137 249–250, 277–278 differential global positioning system fourern, 119 (DGPS), 36 fracture epidemics (of steel), 89 Dingley Act of 1884, 261 frame-first tradition (in shipbuilding), discovery-mode archaeology, 13 133, 135, 140, 147, 149,

General Index r 381

176–177, 189, 191–194, 206, Houtman Abrolhos, Australia, 30, 217, 228, 233, 235 239–240 Franzen,´ Anders, 75 Huahine, Society Islands, 106, 108 frigate, 149, 205, 282, 285, 304 Hunter Island, Australia, 28 Frost, Honor, 136, 141–142, 241, 319–320 ingots, ox-hide, 20, 128–129, 155–158 Froude, William, 68, 70 at Cape Gelidonya, 129–130, 155, Fuchuan ships, China, 204 158, 161, 163 at Uluburun, 128, 130, 155, 158, galiot, 68 161 galeass, 230, 247 Inuit (Eskimo) skin boats, 93, 95 galleon, 70, 209, 215–218, 220, 228, iron clippers (see also windjammers), 230–231, 233, 236, 246 252, 259, 265 gallioni, 216 Gellibrand, Fort (Australia), 298 Jarmo, Iraq, 121 geographic information system (GIS), Johnson Sea-Link (manned 36 submersible), 42 global positioning system (GPS), 36, 46 Jondet, Gaston, 319 GLONASS (positioning system), 46 Josephus, 320–321, 325 Gotland, Sweden, 178 Jutland (Battle of), 283 Green, Jeremy, 2, 26, 36, 50, 53, 76, 105, 198, 200, 202–203, 214, kamikaze attacks (in World War II), 217, 241–243, 245 317 Grenier, Robert, 214 Kaho’olawe (Hawaii), 120 gribble (see also shipworm and teredo Kangaroo Island, Australia, 28 navalis), 12 kayak, 93–95, 99 guano trade, 263 Kinburn, Fort (Crimea), 285, 298 kula exchange, 163–170, 264, 355 Hampton Roads (Battle of), 41, 289–290, 297 Lafollette Act of 1915, 261 Hanseatic League, 182, 184–186, Lake Nemi, Italy, 118, 149–150 189–191, 195, 207 Lapita culture and pottery, 80, 108, Hawkins, Sir John, 216 170 Hedeby, Denmark, 182–185 Law of Monotonic Decrement, 152 Henry VIII, 75, 222–223, 225–226, line-of-battle ships, 282, 286 228–229 Lissa (Battle of), 289–291 Herculaneum, Italy, 117–118, 150 Locharbriggs, Dumfriesshire, 97 Hercules (remotely operated vehicle), log dugout boats, 95–100, 102, 105, 50 108, 111–112 Heyerdahl, Thor, 80, 108 Loggerhead Reef (and Key), Florida, historical particularism (as 167, 196, 203 complement to social–scientiﬁc Longjiang Shipyard, China, 205 generalization), 4, 21 Loper propeller, 279 historical–particularist perspective (in maritime archaeology), 3, 21 magnetometer, 25, 36–37, 43, 60, 339, hogging, 71–72, 76, 90, 202 348 hogging truss, 125–127, 130, Malinowski, Bronislaw, 163–169 140 Marco Polo, 196–197, 200

382 r General Index

Marine Court of Enquiry Act of 1864 old-wood problem, 110 (Bermuda), 265, 276 one-more-voyage hypothesis, 264, 279 Maritime Archaeology Act (1973), oselver, 119 Western Australia, 240 Ostia (port of Rome), 146, 155, 177 maritime ethnology, 119 outboard loading (of guns at sea), 227 Marquis de Santa Cruz, 231 oversampling (in survey), 321 Martin, Colin, 7, 26, 28–29, 39, 227, ox-hide ingots ( see ingots, ox-hide), 229–230, 233–234, 240 20, 128–129, 155–158 Marxism, materialist vs. ideational, Paixhans, Henri-Joseph, 284 in underwater archaeology, 23–24, Parma, Duke of, 229 261, 355 penteconter, 68 Mayan traders (see also Chontal periplus (ramming tactic), 137 Maya), 98 Pharos, Egypt, 319–320 Medina Sidonia, Duke of, 28, 231–234 Philip II of Spain, 28, 229, 231–232, Melos, Greece, 116, 122, 170 234 mental template, 172 Plimsoll, Samuel, 73 metacenter, 74–75 Plimsoll mark, 73 metacentric height, 74–75, 138, 237 Poidebard, Andre, 319 Ming Dynasty, China, 196, 198–199, Pompeii premise (in archaeology), 15, 204–206, 208 229, 236 Mini-Ranger positioning system, 46 postdepositional processes (in Minoans, 127, 137 archaeology), 11–12, 15–16, 28, Mitylene, Greece, 138 38, 53, 59, 85, 87–88, 176, 203, Mongol (Yuan) Dynasty, China, 222, 237, 249, 258, 280, 196–198 292–293, 309, 350 Montebello Islands, Australia, 28 pozzolana cement (Roman hydraulic Morgan, Lewis Henry, 18 concrete), 322, 324 Mostert, Noel,¨ 6–7 predisturbance surveys, 31, 38, 309 Muckelroy, Keith, 10, 12, 36, 39–40, presentist views of the past, 17–18, 20 53, 91–92, 112, 114, 119, Prince Henry the Navigator, 210 147–148, 198 priority cargoes, 159, 162–163, 185, mulberries (used in D-Day invasion, 206, 212, 221, 245, 249, 252, 1944), 324 254, 260, 270, 280 protoharbor, 319–320, 323 nao, 195, 210–211, 213–215, 222 Pudding Pan Reef, Kent, 148 Napoleon III, 286, 297 Pulaski Shoal, Florida, 37, 83–84 Narrows, the (Bermuda), 299, 306, 326, 329 R’as al Jinz, 154 nave, 193 ramming (as a naval tactic), 21, 68, nearest-neighbor analysis, 59, 87–88 137, 139–140, 143–144, New Archaeology, 23 289–291, 298, 301–303, 306, 312–313 obsidian, Red Bay, Labrador, 1, 213–216, 220 from Bukit Tengkorak, Borneo, 170 Remote Environmental Monitoring from Melos, Greece, 116, 122 Unit (REMUS), 49 from Lipari, Italy, 152 remotely operated vehicles Odysseus’ boat (construction of), 135 (ROVs), 2, 343, 346–347

General Index r 383

Roskilde Fjord, Denmark (see also Steffy, J. Richard, 51–52, 65, 71, Viking Ship Museum), 1, 179, 74–76, 102–104, 116–118, 182, 189 124–125, 129, 131–134, 141, round-ships, 194–195 143–144, 148–150, 176–177, Rule, Margaret, 222–226, 228 180–181, 186, 188, 192–193, Russo–Japanese War, 283 215, 223 stratigraphy (compared to sagging, 71–72, 76, 90, 125 superposition), 53 Salamis (Battle of), 68, 136 subbottom profiler, 25, 44 Samian ware, 147 sumptuary cargoes, 159–164, 167, sampans, China, 106, 199 169, 201, 246, 248, 337 sampling (in archaeology), 13–14, 27, survivals, cultural (see cultural 37, 51, 83 survivals), 18 random, 33–34 Sutton Hoo, England, 112, 177–178 stratified, 33–34, 37 swivel guns (see also verso cannons), Santa Cruz, Marquis de, 231 214, 218–220, 227 Sartorius, Admiral George Rose, 289 Schiffer, Michael, 12 T-2 tankers, 5, 89 Ship Structure Committee (SSC), 90 Teredo navalis (see shipworm, also schuyt, 68 gribble), 12 Scott, General Winfield, 270, 277 Thames sailing barge, 68 scrambling devices, 12 Throckmorton, Peter, 80–81, 130, Seaman’s Bethel, New Bedford, 146, 173 Massachusetts, 267 Thucydides, 138 Seppings, Robert, 72, 76 time-capsule concept, 15–16, 60 Shachuan ships, China, 204 tomol (see also Chumash), 109 shanghai, 261 torpedoes (fixed mines), 26, 307 shell-first construction, 118, 124, Trigger, Bruce, 10, 353 130–135, 139–140, 148–150, trireme, 68–69, 136–144 176–178, 189, 194, 206, 241, Tucker, Teddy, 353 243, 323 Tylor, Edward Bennet, 18 ship settings (in Baltic region), 178 Tyre, Lebanon, 319–320 ship traps, 80–81, 248, 264 Tyskerbryggen, Norway, 184 shipworm (Teredo navalis, see also gribble), 12, 59, 85, 133, 136, umiak, 93–95 150, 176, 179, 234 UNESCO Convention on Cultural sighting circle, 77–78 Property, 350 single-nucleotide polymorphisms upwind voyaging theory, 78–79 (SNPs), 18 Sinoto, Yosihiko, 106, 108 V.O.C. (Vereenigde Oost-Indische siteless surveys, 33 Compagnie) (see Dutch United sonar, side-scan, 25, 44–45, 293, 339 East India Company), 238–239 Song Dynasty, China, 76, 105, 196, Veneti, 116, 147, 224 198, 201 Venice Arsenal, 216 Spanish Wreck, 219 vernacular history, 105, 134, 278 spar torpedoes, 308–309 verso cannon (see also swivel guns), Star Carr Site, England, 92 218–220

384 r General Index

Victoria–Camperdown disaster, gun manufacture, 218, 220, 290–291 226–227, 246, 306–307, 335 Viking Ship Museum (see also use in shipbuilding, 251, 282, 306, Roskilde Fjord, Denmark), 327, 333, 335 179, 182 Wurt Hessens, Germany, 184 Vitruvius, 322–323, 325 vlieboot (see also ﬂuyt), 67 Yarmouth gun, 216 Yassi Ada, Turkey, 18, 81, 173, Watts, Gordon, 42, 271, 273 175–177, 182, 192, 206 White Act of 1898, 261 Yen Bac log cofﬁn, Vietnam, 196 White, Leslie, 18 Yuan Dynasty (see Mongol Dynasty), widow’s walk (see also captain’s walk), China, 196, 198 267 windjammers (see also iron clippers), Zheng He, Admiral, 197, 204 254, 262–265, 304 Zwammerdam, The Netherlands, 98, wrought iron 115

ship and site index

Achilles, HMS, 299, 307 Brigg Raft, 103–104 Agincourt, HMS, 327 Brother Jonathan, 344–345 Almere Cog, 188–189, 207 Amose boats, 96 C. A. Thayer, 66 Anderson (ex-USS Antelope), 42 Caesarea Wreck, 324 Antelope, HMS, 325 Cairo, USS, 26, 235 Antonin (see Killean and Avanti), 251 Cape Gelidonya Wreck, 129–130, 151, Appleby Boat, 97 155–158, 160–163 Arizona, USS, 62, 291, 310–313, 315, Captain, HMS, 289 317 Cattewater Wreck, 213–217 Athlit Ram, 141, 143–144, 320 Central America, 345–346 Atocha, 337, 345 Cerberus, HMVS (see also HMAS Avanti (see Killean and Antonin), 251 Platypus), 284, 287, 294–299, 306 Banshee, 271 Challenger, HMS, 330 Barrel Wreck, 58–60, 84–88, 250 Cheops (Khufu) Ship, 122–125, 149, Batavia, 30, 240–246 178 Bergen Ship, 184–185, 207 Chester A. Congdon, 52 Bermuda, 270 Chios Wreck, 49 Bermuda (HM Floating Dock), 325, Chretienne C. Wreck, 148–149 327–335 Constellation, USS, 72 Bevaix Boat, 145 Constitution, USS, 72 Bird Key Wreck, 37, 54–59, 250, Contarina Ships (see also Po Delta 277–280 Wrecks), 192–194, 210 Bjorke¨ Boat, 112 County Hall Ship, 114, 116, 118 Blackfriars I Wreck, 115–116, County of Peebles, 252 147–148, 224 County of Roxborough, 252–253, Black Prince, HMS, 327 257–258 Bon Porte I Wreck, 134 Cumberland, USS, 289–290 Bounty, HMS, 347–348 Cutty Sark, 67 Bremen Cog, 186, 188–189, 207 Brigg Boat, 97–98, 105, 110–111 Dartmouth, 38–40

386 r Ship and Site Index

Dashur Boats, 102–103, 105, 111, Huascar, 289 124–125 Hunley, 1, 202, 307–310 DeBraak, HMS, 339–341, 344 Deep Drone (ROV), 48 Iria Wreck, 163 Denbigh, 276–277, 280 Iron Ballast Wreck, 250 Denton Holme, 76 Isola Lunga (Lilybaeum) Wreck, Devastation, HMS, 288 141–143 Dreadnought, HMS, 288, 290, 312–313, 316 Jindo Boat, 203 Duyfken, 239 John Ericsson, 287 Johnson Sea-Link, 42, 291 East Key Wreck, 58–59, 250 Eendracht, 239 Kalmar Castle Boat, 185 El Gran Grifon´ , 28, 232, 234, Kalmar Cog, 190, 234 246–247 Kar-716, Kodiak Island, 94 Elefanten, 234–235 Kenemmerland, 53 Endeavour, HMS, 30 Kentmere Boat, 102 Erzherzog Ferdinand Max, Keuruu Boat, 113–114 289 Killean (see also Antonin and Avanti), 37, 60, 249–252, 254–260, Falls of Clyde, 252, 255 263–264, 269, 275, 279–280 Falstaff, 252 Kinneret Boat, 117–118, 150 Ferriby Boats, 103–105, 110–111 Kollerup Cog, 188–190 Fingal, 270 Kon Tiki, 80, 108 Kuggmaren Wreck, 188 Galena, USS, 298 Kyrenia II, 139 Geldermalsen, 341–343 Kyrenia Ship, 51–52, 58, 76, 131–134, Gloire, 285–286, 298, 305 141–143, 150 Gokstad Ship, 177–178, 180 Golden Horn, 252 L’Anse des Laurons 2 Wreck, 148 Graveney Boat, 112–113 La Girona, 230, 247 Great Harry (see Henry Grace a` La Trinidad Valencera, 7–8, 233–234, Dieu), 223 246 Great Republic, 69 Ladby Ship, 178 Gredstedbro Boat, 112 Lady Elizabeth, 252 Lake Nemi Barges, 118, Halsnoy Craft, 112 149–150 Hedeby 3 Ship, 184 Lapwing, HMS, 329 Henry Grace a` Dieu (see also Great Le Napolean´ , 285 Harry), 223 Leviathan, 90 Herculaneum Boat, 118 Lightning, 69 Hercules (ROV), 50 Lively, 30 Highborn Cay Wreck, 212–214, 217, Ljubljana Boat, 110 220, 243, 245 Locharbriggs Boat, 97 Hjortspring Boat, 110, 177, 207 Logonovo Boat, 193 Hokule’a, 78, 106–107 Lynaes Ship, 184–185 Housatonic, USS, 307–310 Huahine Boat, 106, 108 Ma’agan Michael Ship, 133–134

Ship and Site Index r 387

Madrague de Giens Wreck, 145, 148, Penelope, HMS, 301 151, 324 Pepper Wreck (see also Nossa Senhora Magan III, 154 dos Martires´ ), 222 Magdala, HMS, 296, 305 Pinta, 210 Marine Electric, 4–7 Platypus, HMAS (see also HMVS Mary Celestia, 265, 272–277, 280 Cerberus), 295 Mary Rose, 29, 75, 201, 217, Po Delta Wrecks (see also Contarina 222–226, 228, 235, 246–247, 281 Ships), 193–194 Matthew, 211, 217 Pommern, 77 Merrimac (see Virginia, CSS), 41, 284, Poole Log Boat, 97 287–290 Mersey, HMS, 205 Quanzhou Ship, 76, 105–106, 198, Minotaur, HMS, 299 200–204, 208 Molasses Reef Wreck, 212–214, 217–220, 226, 243, 245 Re d’Italia, 289–290 Monitor, USS, 41–43, 45–49, 284, Republic, 346 287–288, 291–294, 296–298, Red Bay Wreck (see also San Juan), 1, 305–306 213–216, 220, 222, 245 Musashi, 283 Roar Ege, 182 Royal George, HMS, 76 Nale Tasih 1 and 2, 19 Rye Vessel A Wreck, 213, 217 Nanhai 1, 201–202 New Guy’s House Boat, 115–116, San Esteban (see Padre Island 147–148 Wrecks), 214 New Ironsides, USS, 298 San Juan (see Red Bay Wreck), Nina˜ , 210 214–216 Nine-Cannon Site, 38 San Pietro, 146 Nola, 272–273, 275–277, 279–280 Santa Maria, 195, 210 Nossa Senhora dos Martires´ (see also Santa Maria de la Rosa, 231, 233–234, Pepper Weck), 222 246 North Carolina, 252, 264–266 Sao˜ Gabriel, 195 Northumberland, HMS, 327 Sao˜ Rafael, 195 Nydam Boat, 112, 116, 177–178, 207 Schenectady (T-2 Tanker), 89 Serc¸e Limani Wreck, 192–193 Odyessy (ROV), 49 Seychelles Wreck, 212, 214, 217, 220 Olympias, 137–138, 144 Seytan Deresi Wreck, 163 Orlando, HMS, 205 Shinan Ship, 202–203 Oseberg Ship, 177–178, 180 Skuldelev Ships, 179–182, 185 Slusegard¨ Grave Boats, 111 Padre Island Wrecks (see also San Sovereign (see also Woolwich Ship), Esteban), 214, 217, 220, 246 223 Pallas, HMS, 330 Sovereign of the Seas, 69 Palutat Cave Boats, 95, 99–100, Spitﬁre, HMS, 329 111 Staghound, 252 Pandora, HMS, 347–350 Surprise, 252 Pattaya Wreck, 76, 105–106, 200, Susan Constant, 217 203 Sutton Hoo Burial Ship, 112, 177–178 Peary Land Umiak, 95 Szechwan Boats, 98

388 r Ship and Site Index

Terrible, HMS, 327 Wabash, 23–24, 278 Thunder, HMS (survey of 1843–1845), Wando Ship, 203–204 326 Warrior, HMS, 284, 286, 289, 296, Thunderer, HMS, 288 298–299, 301–303, 305, 327, Ticonderoga, 273 329 Titanic, RMS, 16, 17, 89–90, 268 Waterwitch, HMS, 298–299 Triumph, HMS, 230 Wavertree, 252 Woolwich Ship (see also Sovereign), U-869 (German submarine), 268 223 Uluburun Ship, 116, 127–131, 134, 151, 156–163, 169 Xantho, 31 Utah, USS, 52, 284, 291, 313–317 Yamato, 283 Vasa, 1, 29, 54, 61–62, 75, 201, 222, Yassi Ada (Seventh-Century 235–238, 247 Shipwreck), 173 Vejby Cog, 185 Yassi Ada wreck, 176, 206 Vergulde Draeck, 241 Yongala, 266, 268–269 Vigso Cog, 185 Viper, HMS, 298–302, 305–306, 329 Zeewijk, 241 Virginia, CSS (ex-USS Merrimac), 41, Zuytdorp, 241 284, 290 Zwammerdam 6 Boat, 115 Vixen, HMS, 22, 284, 291, 298–307, Zwammerdam Boats (log dugouts), 318, 352–353 98