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Herzogin Cecilie One of the Last Sailing Ships in Regular Service, Proudly and Gallantlychallenges the Almost Universal Use of Machinery

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Herzogin Cecilie One of the Last Sailing Ships in Regular Service, Proudly and Gallantlychallenges the Almost Universal Use of Machinery Full & By The crew journal of the barque James Craig. ISSUE 31. MAY 2013. 1 Issue 31 Full & By The crew journal of the barque James Craig. CONTENTS. LAST OF THE GIANTS. 3. FLAGS AND THEIR MEANINGS. 8. VARIATION AND DEVIATION: 9. An Historical Perspective. Peter Davey. ‘VIKING SUNSTONE’ FOUND IN 10. SHIPWRECK. BUOYS AND BEACONS. 11. PASSAGES VACANT. 12. WOOD INTO IRON: 14. An Historical Perspective. Peter Davey JAMES CRAIG GOES TO HOBART. 16. for the 2013 Mystate Australian Wooden Boat Festival. John Cowie. CITY OF ADELAIDE. 19. A Condensed History. Web site: www.shf.org.au/JCraig/JCraig.html Compiled & edited by: Peter Davey. [email protected] Contributors: various. Sub-editor & Layout: John Cowie [email protected] Cover photo: Sea Shepherd’s Brigitte Bardot , Hobart February 2013. John Cowie The opinions expressed in this journal may not neces- sarily be the viewpoint of the Sydney Maritime Museum, the Sydney Heritage Fleet or the crew of the James Craig RULWVRI¿FHUV 2 Issue 31 LAST OF THE GIANTS. A four-masted barque, now of 3,111 tons, the Herzogin Cecilie one of the last sailing ships in regular service, proudly and gallantlychallenges the almost universal use of machinery. Herzogin Cecilie. Photo: State Library QLD. MARITIME GRACE AND ELEGANCE are well expressed in this photograph of the Herzogin Ceclilie. Launched in 1902 at Bremerhaven, the vessel was built for the North German Lloyd Line, to serve as a training ship. A steel, four-masted barque, originally of 3,242 gross tons she was used as a training ship for cadets, and she could carry 4,000 tons of cargo. Before the war of 1914--18 the a ship made several fast voyages, including one from Beachy Head, on the Sussex coast, to Adelaide, South Australia, in seventy-eight days. ew will question the right of the Herzogin Cecilie to where there was only a short well deck between it and Fbe considered as the crack sailing ship at sea. To de- the forecastle. She was lofty and heavily sparred, even cide a point such as this to-day, when the few remain- the royal masts being of steel, with large sails and not ing sailing ships in service are so varied in character, is a single reef point in the whole sail plan. This design GLI¿FXOW EXW WKH ÀDJVKLS RI GustavVRQ¶V )LQQLVK ÀHHW PDGH KHUD GLI¿FXOWVKLSWRZRUN EXWVKH ZDVLQWHQGHG the biggest VDLOÀHHWin existence, has reason to be so to carry so many cadets that there was no apprehension consiGHUHG$PDJQL¿FHQWVKLSVKHwas built regardless on that VFRUH6KHZDVQRW¿WWHGZLWKany labour-saving of expense and has been well maintained. Her history is devices, such as brace or halliard winches, as were an interesting one. most German ships. When she was new, her captain As far back as 1896, the North German Lloyd line de- had under him four mates, two inVWUXFWRURI¿FHUVDVXU- cided to run its own sail training ships. Even then the geon, a purser, a boatswain, a few paid hands, and sailing ship was disappearing and, as the German regu- about sixty cadets-strong youngsters ranging from lations still insisted on sail experience before granting a about nineteen to twenty-two years of age. With this master’s FHUL¿FDWHWKHUH ZDVWKH SRVVLELOLW\ RIDVKRUW- crew, labour saving devices were not necessary; but un- DJHRI WKHW\SHRI RI¿FHUZKLFKWKHOLQH ZDQWHGIRU LWV GHUWKH)LQQLVKÀDJVKHKDVEHHQUXQQLQJZLWKDFUHZRI ELJ ÀHHWThe Grand Duke of Oldenburg interested him- about twenty ¿YHRQ RQH occasion as few as nineteen VHOI LQWKHLGHDIURPWKH¿UVWand was made the presi- and she is what the old sailor man would describe as “a dent of the scheme. proper workhouse.” The sailing ship Albert Rickmers, a ¿QHYHVVHORI2,581 Under the North German Lloyd, cadets paid a premium tons, was bought and UH¿WWHG DVWKH WUDLQLQJ VKLS Her- of about £40 a year for their keep and tuition, and some zogin Sophie Charlotte, and began her work in 1900. So RIWKH¿QHVW ODGV LQWKHcountry applied for admission. successful was she that the company decided to build They did practically all the work of the ship, only a few a second ship designed for training purposes. Accord- paid hands being shipped to act as stewards and the LQJO\WKH5LFNPHUV<DUGDW%UHPHUKDYHQD¿UPZKLFK like. Cadets were rated as able-bodied seamen in their had great experience in building as well as running big third year. The number of cadets on board, and the care- sailing ships, was com missioned to build the Herzogin ful system of instruction, permitted them to receive a Cecilie, which was launched in 1902. She was origi- theoretical as well as a practical training. Moreover, the nally a steel, four-masted barque with a gross tonnage fact that she could carry well over 4,000 tons of cargo, of 3,242. Although a big cargo-carrier, she was given: DQGZDV¿WWHGZLWKVWHDPZLQFKHVIRU ZRUNLQJit, permit- accommodation for a large number of cadets, the poop ted them to have a thorough experience of that side of being carried from right aft to forward of the mainmast, “sailorizing” as well. Having ¿QLVKHG WKHLU WKUHH \HDUV 3 Issue 31 in the Herzogin Cecilie and passed a stiff examina- SUR¿WDEOHVKLSDQGZKLOHthe Mozart has had to go to tion, they were signed on by the North German Lloyd as the scrappers, WKH IRUPHU LV VWLOO LQ ¿UVWFODVV FRQGLWLRQ fourth RI¿FHUVof their steamers and, barring accidents, and has many years of life in her. Captain Erikson was VWD\HG XQGHU WKDW ÀDJ IRU the remainder of their ca- delighted with his bargain, and, knowing her previous reer. The ship remained on this training service until the KLVWRU\GHWHUPLQHGWRNHHSKHU¿WWHGDVDWUDLQLQJVKLS war of 1914-18, carrying cargo of all kinds and making to give as many Finnish lads as possible a chance of some quite creditable passages. Outward she generally learning sea ways. So successful was this scheme that carried a cargo of German manufactured goods; home- he put several of his other big sailing ships to the same ward she carried a bulk cargo, sometimes nitrates from purpose. He now provides practically the only chance of the West Coast of South America, sometimes grain sail training to a large number of lads of all nations-Finn- from San Francisco or Aus- ish, Swedish, Norwegian, tralia. She made one pas- Estonian, German and Brit- sage from Caleta Buena ish. Captain de Cloux was to Falmouth in ninety-nine put in command of her at days, one from Beachy Head 2VWHQG D ¿QH VDLORU DQG to Adelaide in seventy- a whole-hearted enthusiast eight, and another from Mex- in the training of boys. He illones to the Isles of Scilly was then thirty-six years old in sixty-three days. She left and had commanded big Bremerhaven in May, 1914, VDLOLQJ VKLSV IRU DERXW ¿YH and arrived at Guayacan to years. Regarded by many load nitrates just before war as the best all-round sailing- broke out. That being a neu- ship master under the Finn- tral port she prepared to LVKÀDJKHKDGJRWDJRRG remain there until the end passage out of his previous of the war, but before the command, the Lawhill, which Armistice was moved up to was not built for speed. Her Coquimbo. After the Armi- ¿UVWFKDUWHUXQGHUWKH)LQQ- stice she was allotted to the LVKÀDJZDVWRFDUU\DFDUJR French, but they already had of timber from Fredrikstad to more sailing ships than they Melbourne in the summer of needed, and had recently 1922. Outward she made a decided to end their subsidy passage of ninety-two days, scheme which encouraged DOWKRXJK PHHWLQJ D WHUUL¿F the building and running of gale a few hundred miles Herzogin Cecilie. sailing tonnage. She went from her destination, which Photo: Shipping Wonders of the World. to Antofagasta to be ¿WWHG put two steamers ashore for her return to Europe, and delayed her for a week. THE FLAGSHIP of Gustav Erikson, an important Finnish ship owner, 8QDEOH WR ¿QG D FDUJR LQ although there was little the Herzogin Cecilie, as she is today has a gross tonnage of 3,111. wrong with her after her long The vessel is used as a training vessel for young Finnish sailors. Her Australia, she left in ballast stay in tropical ports. It was ¿UVWFKDUWHUXQGHUWKH)LQQLVKÀDJZDVWRFDUU\DFDUJRRIWLPEHUIURP for Taltal in Chile, making a not until October, 1920, that Fredrikstad to Melbourne in 1922. Despite bad weather, the outward VPDUW SDVVDJH RI WKLUW\¿YH voyage was made in ninety two days. The ship has been sailing with a days and keeping up an av- she ¿QDOO\sailed for Ostend, FUHZRIDERXWWZHQW\¿YHDQGRQRFFDVLRQZLWKRQO\QLQHWHHQ making a good passage, but erage of fourteen knots for a striking the quay wall when she arrived and losing both considerable time. She brought home nitrate and went anchors and chains. There she was laid up pending out again to Chile, making a ninety-nine-days passage the arrival of a purchaser. At that time Captain Gustav from Caleta Buena to Falmouth by way of Fayal. She was Erikson, a Finnish master mariner, was building up what RQWKH3DFL¿F&RDVWDJDLQLQEXWDWWKHEHJLQQLQJRI was later to become the ELJJHVWÀHHWRIVDLOLQJVKLSVLQ 1925 she sailed for Australia, made an intermediate run the world. He had sent his commodore-master, Captain from Port Lincoln to Callao and back. In February, 1926, Reuben de Cloux of the Lawhill. down to Marseilles to she sailed from Port Lincoln to Falmouth, for orders, with inspect the former German sailing ship Passat, which grain. The South Australian grain business, which was was offered for sale at £11,000. By chance Captain de beginning to be the only opportunity of the big sailing Cloux called at Ostend on his way and there saw the ship, suited her, and she has been on it ever since.
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