Martina Perić Disertacija
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Filozofski fakultet Martina Peri ć KONSTRUKCIJA I REPREZENTACIJA IDENTITETA U AUTOBIOGRAFIJAMA HRVATSKIH KNJIŽEVNICA 19. I 20. ST. DOKTORSKI RAD Mentor: prof. dr. sc. Vinko Breši ć Zagreb, 2017. Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Martina Peri ć CONSTRUCTION AND REPRESENTATION OF IDENTITY IN AUTOBIOGRAPHIES OF CROATIAN FEMALE WRITERS IN 19 th AND 20 th CENTURY DOCTORAL THESIS Supervisor: prof. dr. sc. Vinko Breši ć Zagreb, 2017 PODACI O MENTORU Prof. dr. sc. Vinko Breši ć književnost i filozofiju diplomirao je na Filozofskom fakultetu u Zagrebu, gdje je magistrirao 1979. godine i doktorirao 1983. godine. Od 1976. godine zaposlen je na Katedri za noviju hrvatsku književnost Odsjeka za kroatistiku – prvo kao asistent, 1984. godine kao docent, 1992. godine izvanredni, a od 1997. godine kao redoviti profesor (od 2002. godine u trajnom zvanju). Danas radi u zvanju redovitog profesora na Katedri za noviju hrvatsku književnost na preddiplomskom i diplomskom studiju, a voditelj je Poslijediplomskoga sveu čilišnog doktorskog studija kroatistike. Voditelj je znanstveno- istraživa čkog projekta „Hrvatska književna periodika“ u sklopu kojega je istraživao hrvatske književne časopise i novine od 1835. do 2000. godine. Predavao je i na drugim doma ćim i inozemnim sveu čilištima te sudjelovao na mnogim doma ćim i me đunarodnim skupovima koji su rezultirali brojnim raspravama, člancima, esejima i recenzijama. Dvije je godine bio glavni urednik u Nakladnome zavodu Matice hrvatske. Član je brojnih strukovnih udruženja i institucija, poput Matice hrvatske, Hrvatskoga filološkog društva, Društva hrvatskih književnika i hrvatskog PEN-a. Osim književnopovijesnih studija, članaka i eseja povremeno objavljuje i kritike. Prof. dr. sc. Vinko Breši ć u svom je znanstvenom radu usmjeren na podru čje novije, postilirske hrvatske književnosti, te je uz desetak objavljenih autorskih knjiga, priredio izdanja djela dvadesetak hrvatskih pisaca 19. i 20. st., ali i sastavio više antologija i zbornika. Tako đer je pokrenuo i ure đivao časopis za poeziju Zrcalo (1991.–1994.) te časopis za hrvatsku književnost i kulturu Nova Croatica (2007.). Također se bavi i prou čavanjem hrvatske autobiografske književnosti te su rezultat njegova rada na tom podru čju, uz cijeli niz stru čnih tekstova, članaka i studija, tako đer i dva zbornika autobiografija: Autobiografije hrvatskih pisaca (1997.) i Nove autobiografije hrvatskih pisaca (3 sveska, 2013.–2015.). Prof. dr. sc. Vinko Breši ć usto je i dobitnik mnogih priznanja i nagrada za svoj znanstveni rad i doprinos – me đu ostalim, dobitnik je Državne nagrade za znanost (2007.) i Nagrade „Julije Beneši ć“ (2009.). Sažetak: Povijest autobiografije pratimo još od antike i srednjeg vijeka, me đutim teorijska misao o autobiografiji razvila se tek u drugoj polovici 20. stolje ća. Zbog razli čitih i složenih pojavnosti autobiografije, te problema (ne)odredivosti autobiografije kao žanra, suvremene teorije sklone su je promatrati kao diskurs. Feministi čka teorija na autobiografiju gleda kao na specifi čan diskurs čija je svrha konstituiranje ženskog subjekta. Budu ći da u hrvatskoj znanstvenoj produkciji dosad nije bilo sustavnijih istraživanja ženskih autobiografija, ova će disertacija na zaokruženom korpusu autobiografskih tekstova hrvatskih književnica nastojati pokazati osnovna obilježja autobiografskog diskursa, tipove autobiografskih subjekata i identiteta, njihovo konstituiranje i reprezentiranje u tekstu te razli čite politike (samo)predo čavanja. Kao kriteriji analize uzet će se naratološke kategorije poput pripovjednog lica, vremena i prostora, zatim tipovi diskursa i stilsko-retori čkog okvira koji se pojavljuju u autobiografijama hrvatskih književnica te postupci autoreferencijalnosti i intertekstualnosti. Analizom i usustavljivanjem dosad slabo istraženog podru čja ženskih autobiografija u hrvatskoj književnosti nastojat će se dati po četni poticaj daljnjim istraživanjima te teme. Klju čne rije či: autobiografija, autobiografski ugovor, autoreferencijalnost, identitet, hrvatske književnice, žensko samopredo čavanje. Summary: The history of autobiography dates as far back as antiquity and the Middle Ages, but the theory of autobiography is developed only in the second half of the 20 th century. As a result of its different and complex manifestations and of the (im)possibility to define autobiography as a genre, contemporary theories favour the idea of autobiography as a discourse. The feminist theory understands autobiography as a particular discourse that constitutes the female subject. As there have been no systematic and relevant studies of female autobiographies in Croatian science so far, this doctoral thesis will analyse the autobiographies of Croatian female writers who lived and worked in 19 th and 20 th century and try to show the basic characteristics of the autobiographical discourse, different types of subjects and identities, their constitution and representation in the text, as well as different policies of (self)representation. Criteria of analysis that will be considered: narratological categories such as narrative point of view (first- person narrative, second-person narrative, third-person narrative), narrative time and space, furthermore types of autobiographical discourse, rhetorical and stylistic figures and conventions and acts of self-reference and intertextuality in autobiographical discourse of Croatian female writers. First criteria – narrative pont of view – shows us that first-person narrative is dominant and considered as usual and expected in the autobiographical discourse. However, in some of the texts analysed there is a tendency to evade the first-person narrative and use other narrative strategies, such as third- and second-person narrative. Such strategies can be interpreted as a sign of the turn in perspective view or narrative model or even experiment and subversion of the autobiographical subject. Second criteria – narrative time – shows us that Croatian female writers dominantly use the chronological approach in writing their autobiographies. One of the dominant characteristics of autobiography is its tendency to retrospective and reminiscence, and most of the texts analysed emphasise the importance of the past and chronological presentation of that past. However, some of the autobiographies show different type of autobiographical discourse, which is rather achronological, discontinuous and incoherent. Third criteria – narrative space – shows us the importance of both geographical and social (cultural) space in autobiographies of Croatian female writers. Most of the authors understand the social space as social construct and they write their autobiographies with the idea of positioning themselves in that social and cultural space. Autobiography is considered to be the type of discourse that allows its subject to position itself into the social, cultural, political sphere of life. Some of the authors emphasise the importance of deconstruction of the dichotomy public/private space, in terms of women's egalitarian participation in the public space and all the practices of social and political life. Fourth criteria – rhetorical and stylistic figures and different types of autobiographical discourses – shows us that Croatian female writers use different and numerous narrative and rhetorical sets and strategies in order to represent their autobiographical identity. There are autobiographies that demonstrate a higher level od literariness, and also those that demonstrate rather factographical or theoretical than literal type of discourse. The corpus shows us some examples of parodical and ironical approach to the autobiographical subject, as well as the multi-discoursive approach to constituting and representing the autobiographical subject. Fifth criteria – acts of self-reference and intertextuality – shows us proneness of Croatian female writers to a particular kind of textual strategies such as referring to the act of writing autobiography and awareness of that act and its subject which is a construct, or rather a product of cultural and linguistic models and narratives. The concept od intertextuality (in Kristeva's sense of the word) is found to be one of the strategies in establishing the dialogue amongst the autobiographical texts writen by Croatian female writers and totality of the cultural text that they refer to. Intertextuality is often actualized by quotation and even self-quoatiton (in such cases in which the author establishes the dialogue with other, non-autobiographical, texts in her literary work). Autobiographies of Croatian female writers show us the tendency of constituting and representing the relational type of autobiographical identity – in most of the texts analysed the emphasis is on the relation towards the world of literature and culture (which is understandable given the professional affiliatiton of the autobiographers). In some cases, the dominant ideology and cultural (literal) model of subject and selfhood is merely reproduced, and in some other cases it is being questioned and subject to criticism. Analysis and systematization of this insufficiently researched domain will hopefully give an initial incentive for the future research of female autobiographies. Key words: autobiography, autobiographical pact, self-reference, identity, Croatian female writers, women's self-representation. SADRŽAJ 1. UVOD 1.1. Književnoteorijski i književnopovijesni osvrt na autobiografiju 1.2. Autobiografija u hrvatskoj književnosti 1.3. Prva manifestacija ženskog