D. Elmo Hardy Sr
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Overwintering Strategies of Insects in Northern Climates
Overwintering Strategies of Insects in Northern Climates Joe Nelsen Challenges in winter ● Small ectotherms ● Lack of insulation ● Food shortages (for both herbivores and predators) General strategies - energetic benefits/tradeoffs ● Diapause/dormancy ● Spatial avoidance (migration) Diapause ● Pause in development ○ various life stages ● Strategy for handling all kinds of environmental stressors ● Similar to hibernation in other animals ● Very beneficial for insects who employ this strategy - maximizes fitness ○ Conserving during the “off season” more energy for productive season Diapause - Goldenrod Gall Fly ● Egg laid in stalk of Goldenrod plant ○ Larvae hatch and stimulate gall formation ○ Larvae diapause over winter ○ Larvae pupates and adult emerges in spring ● Gall provides food and protection, but little insulation… ● Larvae produce cryoprotectants to depress freezing point, and nucleators to nucleate ice away from cells… ● Larvae can survive down to -35℃ Ice Nucleation in Gall Flies ● Employs two types of ice nucleators: ○ Fat body cells and calcium phosphate spherules - heterogeneous ice nucleation ● Calcium phosphate spherules ○ Small spheres of crystalline compound that line malpighian tubules of larvae, and nucleate ice in extracellular fluid of tubules ● Fat body cells = rare case of intracellular ice nucleation Calcium phosphate spherules (Mugnano, 1996) Supercooling in Gall Flies ● Gall Fly larvae supercool their tissues using - polyols (sugar alcohols) ○ Sorbitol and Glycerol - primary cryoprotectants ● Lower freezing point -
Distribution and Population Dynamics of the Asian Cockroach
DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE ASIAN COCKROACH (BLATTELLA ASAHINIA MIZUKUBO) IN SOUTHERN ALABAMA AND GEORGIA Except where reference is made to the work of others, the work described in this thesis is my own or was done in collaboration with my advisory committee. This thesis does not include proprietary or classified information. ___________________________________ Edward Todd Snoddy Certificate of Approval: ___________________________ ___________________________ Micky D. Eubanks Arthur G. Appel, Chair Associate Professor Professor Entomology and Plant Pathology Entomology and Plant Pathology ___________________________ ___________________________ Xing Ping Hu George T. Flowers Associate Professor Interim Dean Entomology and Plant Pathology Graduate School DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE ASIAN COCKROACH (BLATTELLA ASAHINIA MIZUKUBO) IN SOUTHERN ALABAMA AND GEORGIA Edward Todd Snoddy A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama May 10, 2007 DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE ASIAN COCKROACH (BLATTELLA ASAHINIA MIZUKUBO) IN SOUTHERN ALABAMA AND GEORGIA Edward Todd Snoddy Permission is granted to Auburn University to make copies of this thesis at its discretion, upon request of individuals or institutions and at their expense. The author reserves all publication rights. _______________________ Signature of Author _______________________ Date of Graduation iii VITA Edward Todd Snoddy was born in Auburn, Alabama on February 28, 1964 to Dr. Edward Lewis Snoddy and Lucy Mae Snoddy. He graduated Sheffield High School, Sheffield, Alabama in 1981. He attended Alexander Junior College from 1981 to 1983 at which time he transferred to Auburn University. He married Tracy Smith of Uchee, Alabama in 1984. -
ABSTRACT Hill, Hilary Nan. Phylogenetic Utility of Two New Nuclear Genes, Opsin and CAD, Within the Stiletto Flies (Diptera: Th
ABSTRACT Hill, Hilary Nan. Phylogenetic Utility of Two New Nuclear Genes, Opsin and CAD, within the stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae) (Under the direction of Brian M. Wiegmann). A need for multiple phylogenetic markers to reconstruct evolutionary relationships is increasingly apparent within both the Therevidae and insect systematics as a whole, especially markers that can accommodate the immense species diversity that arose during the Mesozoic (~65-250mya). Phylogenetic trees are often best reconstructed using datasets from distinct sources and from character sets that have been under different selective pressures. Many recent insect systematics studies use various combinations of markers from multiple genomes, morphology, and biogeography. Nuclear genes, particularly protein-encoding genes that are highly conserved and low copy-number, are increasingly attractive as phylogenetic markers, and there is a recent concerted effort to find and increase access to new nuclear genes. Chapter one of this study investigates the phylogenetic utility of opsin, a new multiple copy nuclear protein- encoding gene in the dipteran family Therevidae. The present analyses of nucleotide sequence data of opsin reconstructed a therevid phylogeny that is partially concordant with previous classifications which demonstrates that opsin may have some limited utility as a phylogenetic marker within the Therevidae and closely related Diptera, but also shows that opsin may be better used in combination with other molecular markers or morphological data sets. Phylogenetic analyses of opsin at multiple levels within insects supports these results, but also reveals the significant obstacles in technical manipulation of the gene and in the interpretaion of ortholog/paralog relationships. In the second chapter two new nuclear, protein-encoding genes, opsin and CAD, in combination with EF-1α and 28S rDNA, are applied to reconstruct evolutionary relationships among the major lineages of Therevidae for which previous molecular evidence has been insufficient. -
Superfamilies Tephritoidea and Sciomyzoidea (Dip- Tera: Brachycera) Kaj Winqvist & Jere Kahanpää
20 © Sahlbergia Vol. 12: 20–32, 2007 Checklist of Finnish flies: superfamilies Tephritoidea and Sciomyzoidea (Dip- tera: Brachycera) Kaj Winqvist & Jere Kahanpää Winqvist, K. & Kahanpää, J. 2007: Checklist of Finnish flies: superfamilies Tephritoidea and Sciomyzoidea (Diptera: Brachycera). — Sahlbergia 12:20-32, Helsinki, Finland, ISSN 1237-3273. Another part of the updated checklist of Finnish flies is presented. This part covers the families Lonchaeidae, Pallopteridae, Piophilidae, Platystomatidae, Tephritidae, Ulididae, Coelopidae, Dryomyzidae, Heterocheilidae, Phaeomyii- dae, Sciomyzidae and Sepsidae. Eight species are recorded from Finland for the first time. The following ten species have been erroneously reported from Finland and are here deleted from the Finnish checklist: Chaetolonchaea das- yops (Meigen, 1826), Earomyia crystallophila (Becker, 1895), Lonchaea hirti- ceps Zetterstedt, 1837, Lonchaea laticornis Meigen, 1826, Prochyliza lundbecki (Duda, 1924), Campiglossa achyrophori (Loew, 1869), Campiglossa irrorata (Fallén, 1814), Campiglossa tessellata (Loew, 1844), Dioxyna sororcula (Wie- demann, 1830) and Tephritis nigricauda (Loew, 1856). The Finnish records of Lonchaeidae: Lonchaea bruggeri Morge, Lonchaea contigua Collin, Lonchaea difficilis Hackman and Piophilidae: Allopiophila dudai (Frey) are considered dubious. The total number of species of Tephritoidea and Sciomyzoidea found from Finland is now 262. Kaj Winqvist, Zoological Museum, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. Email: [email protected] Jere Kahanpää, Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland. Email: kahanpaa@iki.fi Introduction new millennium there was no concentrated The last complete checklist of Finnish Dipte- Finnish effort to study just these particular ra was published in Hackman (1980a, 1980b). groups. Consequently, before our work the Recent checklists of Finnish species have level of knowledge on Finnish fauna in these been published for ‘lower Brachycera’ i.e. -
CATALOGUS S.E.A. : Número De Especies Citadas Por Familia Y Orden
CATALOGUS S.E.A. : Número de especies citadas por familia y orden. COLLEMBOLA............195(20) 13 Otitidae 4 16 Odontoceridae 1 51 Protoribatidae 5 01 Hypogastruridae 28(1) 14 Piophilidae 1 17 Sericostomatidae 3 52 Haplozetidae 3 02 Neanuridae 26(2) 15 Sciomyzidae 18 18 Beraeidae 2 53 Mycobatidae 6 03 Odontellidae 2 16 Sepsidae 11 54 Phenopelopidae 11 04 Onychiuridae 9(1) 17 Sphaeroceridae 51 ORTHOPTERA ............. 145(8) 55 Achipteridae 7 05 Tullbergiidae 11(2) 18 Trixoscelidae 3 01 Acrididae 64 56 Ceratozetidae 15 06 Cyphoderidae 1 19 Ulidiidae 1 02 Tettigoniidae 40(5) 57 Chamabatidae 3 07 Entomobryidae 37(5) 20 Conopidae 2 03 Gryllidae 18 58 Humerobatidae 1 08 Isotomidae 38(3) 21 Xenasteiidae 1 04 Oecanthus 1 59 Oribatellidae 3 09 Oncopoduridae 3 22 Acroceridae 4 05 Gryllotalpa 1 60 Tegoribatidae 1 10 Tomoceridae 5 23 Nemestrinidae 4 06 Tridactylidae 1 61 Galumnatidae 10 11 Neelidae 1 24 Scenopinidae 2 07 Tetrigidae 5(2) 12 Arrhopalitidae 4(1) 25 Stratiomyidae 12 08 Pyrgomorphidae 1 OPILIONES ......................... 32 13 Bourletiellidae 13(3) 26 Vermileonidae 1 09 Pamphagidae 5 01 Phalangodidae 2 14 Dicyrtomidae 2(1) 27a Psychodidae (parte) 6 10 Catantopidae 9(1) 02 Trogulidae 4 15 Katiannidae 6(1) 28 Cecidomyiidae 29 03 Dicranolasmatidae 1 16 Sminthuridae 5 29 Sciaridae 35 HETEROPTERA ........... 584(2) 04 Nemastomatidae 4 17 Sminthurididae 4 30 Tachinidae 144 01 Ceratocombidae 1 05 Ischyropsalididae 2 31 Bombyliidae 84 02 Saldidae 15(1) 06 Phalangiidae 13 COLEOPTERA .........1883(70) 03 Leptopodidae 4 07 Leiobunidae 5 01 Oedemeridae 19(4) HYMENOPTERA ..............650 04 Miridae 201 08 Sclerosomatidae 1 02 Mycteridae 1 01 Apidae 36 05 Aphididae 227 03 Pythidae 1 02 Formicidae 144 00 Dipsocoridae (1) ARANEAE ....................... -
BÖCEKLERİN SINIFLANDIRILMASI (Takım Düzeyinde)
BÖCEKLERİN SINIFLANDIRILMASI (TAKIM DÜZEYİNDE) GÖKHAN AYDIN 2016 Editör : Gökhan AYDIN Dizgi : Ziya ÖNCÜ ISBN : 978-605-87432-3-6 Böceklerin Sınıflandırılması isimli eğitim amaçlı hazırlanan bilgisayar programı için lütfen aşağıda verilen linki tıklayarak programı ücretsiz olarak bilgisayarınıza yükleyin. http://atabeymyo.sdu.edu.tr/assets/uploads/sites/76/files/siniflama-05102016.exe Eğitim Amaçlı Bilgisayar Programı ISBN: 978-605-87432-2-9 İçindekiler İçindekiler i Önsöz vi 1. Protura - Coneheads 1 1.1 Özellikleri 1 1.2 Ekonomik Önemi 2 1.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 2 2. Collembola - Springtails 3 2.1 Özellikleri 3 2.2 Ekonomik Önemi 4 2.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 4 3. Thysanura - Silverfish 6 3.1 Özellikleri 6 3.2 Ekonomik Önemi 7 3.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 7 4. Microcoryphia - Bristletails 8 4.1 Özellikleri 8 4.2 Ekonomik Önemi 9 5. Diplura 10 5.1 Özellikleri 10 5.2 Ekonomik Önemi 10 5.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 11 6. Plocoptera – Stoneflies 12 6.1 Özellikleri 12 6.2 Ekonomik Önemi 12 6.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 13 7. Embioptera - webspinners 14 7.1 Özellikleri 15 7.2 Ekonomik Önemi 15 7.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 15 8. Orthoptera–Grasshoppers, Crickets 16 8.1 Özellikleri 16 8.2 Ekonomik Önemi 16 8.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 17 i 9. Phasmida - Walkingsticks 20 9.1 Özellikleri 20 9.2 Ekonomik Önemi 21 9.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 21 10. Dermaptera - Earwigs 23 10.1 Özellikleri 23 10.2 Ekonomik Önemi 24 10.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 24 11. Zoraptera 25 11.1 Özellikleri 25 11.2 Ekonomik Önemi 25 11.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 26 12. -
1659 2012-10323.Pdf
Zootaxa 3478: 553–569 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EC0F0A87-8BF4-42C6-8561-0AC2ED45E00F The new genus Acrocephalomyia, and a new species of Ropalomera from Costa Rica, with additional records for other Mesoamerican species (Diptera: Ropalomeridae) SERGIO IBÁÑEZ-BERNAL 1 & VICENTE HERNÁNDEZ-ORTIZ 2 1Red Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, El Haya, Xalapa, 91070, Veracruz, México. E–mail: [email protected] 2Red Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, El Haya, Xalapa, 91070, Veracruz, México. E–mail: [email protected] Abstract New taxa of the family Ropalomeridae from Costa Rica are described, and additional records of ropalomerid flies from Mexico and Central America are provided. The new genus and species Acrocephalomyia zumbadoi can be easily distin- guished from all other ropalomerid genera by the following combination of characters: angular forward projection of head, absence of ocelli, flat face, bare arista, long scutum, and scutellum triangular-shaped and dorsally flattened with only one pair of apical bristles with bases approximated. The new species Ropalomera aterrima can be recognized from congeners by remarkable differences of the head, the shape of the scutellum, the absence of scutal vittae, fumose wings, and by the black coloration of the body, ocellar bristles large, one postpronotal bristle, scutum without pollinose vittae and flat scutel- lum. Lenkokroeberia chryserea Prado and Kroeberia fuliginosa Lindner are newly confirmed for Costa Rica. -
1 U of Ill Urbana-Champaign PEET
U of Ill Urbana-Champaign PEET: A World Monograph of the Therevidae (Insecta: Diptera) Participant Individuals: CoPrincipal Investigator(s) : David K Yeates; Brian M Wiegmann Senior personnel(s) : Donald Webb; Gail E Kampmeier Post-doc(s) : Kevin C Holston Graduate student(s) : Martin Hauser Post-doc(s) : Mark A Metz Undergraduate student(s) : Amanda Buck; Melissa Calvillo Other -- specify(s) : Kristin Algmin Graduate student(s) : Hilary Hill Post-doc(s) : Shaun L Winterton Technician, programmer(s) : Brian Cassel Other -- specify(s) : Jeffrey Thorne Post-doc(s) : Christine Lambkin Other -- specify(s) : Ann C Rast Senior personnel(s) : Steve Gaimari Other -- specify(s) : Beryl Reid Technician, programmer(s) : Joanna Hamilton Undergraduate student(s) : Claire Montgomery; Heather Lanford High school student(s) : Kate Marlin Undergraduate student(s) : Dmitri Svistula Other -- specify(s) : Bradley Metz; Erica Leslie Technician, programmer(s) : Jacqueline Recsei; J. Marie Metz Other -- specify(s) : Malcolm Fyfe; David Ferguson; Jennifer Campbell; Scott Fernsler Undergraduate student(s) : Sarah Mathey; Rebekah Kunkel; Henry Patton; Emilia Schroer Technician, programmer(s) : Graham Teakle Undergraduate student(s) : David Carlisle; Klara Kim High school student(s) : Sara Sligar Undergraduate student(s) : Emmalyn Gennis Other -- specify(s) : Iris R Vargas; Nicholas P Henry Partner Organizations: Illinois Natural History Survey: Financial Support; Facilities; Collaborative Research Schlinger Foundation: Financial Support; In-kind Support; Collaborative Research 1 The Schlinger Foundation has been a strong and continuing partner of the therevid PEET project, providing funds for personnel (students, scientific illustrator, data loggers, curatorial assistant) and expeditions, including the purchase of supplies, to gather unknown and important taxa from targeted areas around the world. -
The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature V57 Part02
Volume 57, Part 2, 30 June 2000, pp. 69-136 ISSN 0007-5167 stum The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries THE BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE The Bulletin is published four times a year for the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature by the International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, a charity (no. 211944) registered in England. The annual subscription for 2000 is £110 or $200, postage included. All manuscripts, letters and orders should be sent to: The Executive Secretary, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, c/o The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K. (Tel. 020 7942 5653) (e-mail: [email protected]) (http://www.iczn.org) INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE Officers President Prof A. Minelli {Italy) Vice-President Dr W. N. Eschmeyer (U.S.A.) Executive Secretary Dr P. K. Tubbs (United Kingdom) Members Prof W. J. Bock (U.S.A.; Ornithology) Dr V. Mahnert Prof P. Bouchet (France; Mollusca) (Switzerland; Ichthyology) Prof D. J. Brothers Prof U. R. Martins de Souza (South Africa; Hymenoptera) (Brazil; Coleoptera) Dr L. R. M. Cocks (U.K.; Brachiopoda) Prof S. F. Mawatari (Japan; Bryozoa) DrH.G. Cogger (Australia; Herpetology) Prof A. Minelli (Italy; Myriapoda) Prof C. Dupuis (France; Heteroptera) Dr C. Nielsen (Denmark; Bryozoa) Dr W. N. Eschmeyer Dr L. Papp (Hungary; Diptera) (U.S.A.; Ichthyology) Prof D. J. Patterson (Australia; Protista) Mr D. Heppell (U.K.; Mollusca) Prof W. D. L. Rid^(Australia; Mammalia) Dr I. M. Kerzhner (Russia; Heteroptera) Prof J. M. Savage (U.S. A; Herpetology) Prof Dr O. -
Lovebug Plecia Nearcticahardy (Insecta: Diptera: Bibionidae)1 H
EENY 47 Lovebug Plecia nearcticaHardy (Insecta: Diptera: Bibionidae)1 H. A. Denmark, F. W. Mead, and T. R. Fasulo2 Introduction University of Florida entomologists introduced this species into Florida. However, Buschman (1976) documented the The lovebug, Plecia nearctica Hardy, is a bibionid fly species progressive movement of this fly species around the Gulf that motorists may encounter as a serious nuisance when Coast into Florida. Research was conducted by University traveling in southern states. It was first described by Hardy of Florida and US Department of Agriculture entomologists (1940) from Galveston, Texas. At that time he reported it to only after the lovebug was well established in Florida. be widely spread, but more common in Texas and Louisiana than other Gulf Coast states. Figure 1. Swarm of lovebugs, Plecia nearctica Hardy, on flowers. Credits: James Castner, UF/IFAS Figure 2. Adult lovebugs, Plecia nearctica Hardy, swarm on a building. Credits: Debra Young, used with permission Within Florida, this fly was first collected in 1949 in Escambia County, the westernmost county of the Florida panhandle. Today, it is found throughout Florida. With numerous variations, it is a widely held myth that 1. This document is EENY 47, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date August 1998. Revised April 2015. Reviewed February 2021. Visit the EDIS website at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu for the lastest version of this publication. This document is also available on the Featured Creatures website at http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/. 2. H. A. Denmark, courtesy professor; F. -
Fiji Arthropods
FIJI ARTHROPODS Editors’ Preface We are pleased to present the third issue of Fiji Arthropods, a series offering rapid publi- cation and devoted to studies of terrestrial arthropods of the Fiji Group and nearby Pacific archipelagos. Most papers in this series will be the results of collecting and research on the Fijian fauna deriving from the NSF-funded “Terrestrial Arthropods of Fiji” project. Five co-PIs and 18 specialists (see Fiji Arthropods I, p. 18) form the core team of scientists who have agreed to publish new taxa that result from collecting during this survey. However, as space allows, we welcome papers from any scientist who is currently working on arthro- pod taxonomy in Fiji. This second issue contains results of discoveries of new species of Diptera in the family Tipulidae (Evenhuis), and a complete checklist of the ants of Fiji (Wetterer & Ward). Manuscripts are currently in press or in preparation on Anisopodidae, Saldidae, Lauxaniidae, Pipunculidae, Rhagionidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae, Tabanidae, Muscidae, and Asilidae and will appear in future issues. The editors thank the Government of Fiji (especially the Ministries of Environment and Forestry), the National Science Foundation (DEB 0425970), and the Schlinger Foundation for their support of this project. Types of new species deriving from this study and vouch- er specimens will be deposited in the Fiji National Insect Collection, Suva. All papers in this series are available free of charge as pdf files downloadable from the fol- lowing url: http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/fiji/fiji-arthropods/ We encourage interested authors to contact us before submitting papers. —Neal L. Evenhuis, Co-editor, [email protected] Daniel J. -
Flies) Benjamin Kongyeli Badii
Chapter Phylogeny and Functional Morphology of Diptera (Flies) Benjamin Kongyeli Badii Abstract The order Diptera includes all true flies. Members of this order are the most ecologically diverse and probably have a greater economic impact on humans than any other group of insects. The application of explicit methods of phylogenetic and morphological analysis has revealed weaknesses in the traditional classification of dipteran insects, but little progress has been made to achieve a robust, stable clas- sification that reflects evolutionary relationships and morphological adaptations for a more precise understanding of their developmental biology and behavioral ecol- ogy. The current status of Diptera phylogenetics is reviewed in this chapter. Also, key aspects of the morphology of the different life stages of the flies, particularly characters useful for taxonomic purposes and for an understanding of the group’s biology have been described with an emphasis on newer contributions and progress in understanding this important group of insects. Keywords: Tephritoidea, Diptera flies, Nematocera, Brachycera metamorphosis, larva 1. Introduction Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history of a taxonomic group of organisms. Phylogeny is essential in understanding the biodiversity, genetics, evolution, and ecology among groups of organisms [1, 2]. Functional morphology involves the study of the relationships between the structure of an organism and the function of the various parts of an organism. The old adage “form follows function” is a guiding principle of functional morphology. It helps in understanding the ways in which body structures can be used to produce a wide variety of different behaviors, including moving, feeding, fighting, and reproducing. It thus, integrates concepts from physiology, evolution, anatomy and development, and synthesizes the diverse ways that biological and physical factors interact in the lives of organisms [3].