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The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature V57 Part02 Volume 57, Part 2, 30 June 2000, pp. 69-136 ISSN 0007-5167 stum The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries THE BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE The Bulletin is published four times a year for the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature by the International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, a charity (no. 211944) registered in England. The annual subscription for 2000 is £110 or $200, postage included. All manuscripts, letters and orders should be sent to: The Executive Secretary, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, c/o The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K. (Tel. 020 7942 5653) (e-mail: [email protected]) (http://www.iczn.org) INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE Officers President Prof A. Minelli {Italy) Vice-President Dr W. N. Eschmeyer (U.S.A.) Executive Secretary Dr P. K. Tubbs (United Kingdom) Members Prof W. J. Bock (U.S.A.; Ornithology) Dr V. Mahnert Prof P. Bouchet (France; Mollusca) (Switzerland; Ichthyology) Prof D. J. Brothers Prof U. R. Martins de Souza (South Africa; Hymenoptera) (Brazil; Coleoptera) Dr L. R. M. Cocks (U.K.; Brachiopoda) Prof S. F. Mawatari (Japan; Bryozoa) DrH.G. Cogger (Australia; Herpetology) Prof A. Minelli (Italy; Myriapoda) Prof C. Dupuis (France; Heteroptera) Dr C. Nielsen (Denmark; Bryozoa) Dr W. N. Eschmeyer Dr L. Papp (Hungary; Diptera) (U.S.A.; Ichthyology) Prof D. J. Patterson (Australia; Protista) Mr D. Heppell (U.K.; Mollusca) Prof W. D. L. Rid^(Australia; Mammalia) Dr I. M. Kerzhner (Russia; Heteroptera) Prof J. M. Savage (U.S. A; Herpetology) Prof Dr O. Kraus Prof Dr R. Schuster (Austria; Acari) (Germany; Arachnology) Prof D. X. Song (China; Hirudinea) Dr P. T. Lehtinen (Finland; Arachnology) Dr P. Stys (Czech Republic; Heteroptera) Dr E. Macpherson (Spain; Crustacea) Secretariat Dr P. K. Tubbs (Executive Secretary and Editor) Mr J. D. D. Smith, B.Sc., B.A. (Scientific Administrator) Mrs A. Gentry, B.Sc. (Zoologist) Officers of the International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature Prof S. Conway Morris, F.R.S. (Chairman) Dr M. K. Howarth (Secretary and Managing Director) © International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature 2000 Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 57(2) June 2000 69 BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE Volume 57, part 2 (pp. 69-136) 30 June 2000 Notices (a) Invitation to comment. The Commission is authorised to vote on applications published in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature six months after their publi¬ cation but this period is normally extended to enable comments to be submitted. Any zoologist who wishes to comment on any of the applications is invited to send his contribution to the Executive Secretary of the Commission as quickly as possible. (b) Invitation to contribute general articles. At present the Bulletin comprises mainly applications concerning names of particular animals or groups of animals, resulting comments and the Commission's eventual rulings (Opinions). Proposed amendments to the Code are also published for discussion. Articles or notes of a more general nature are actively welcomed provided that they raise nomenclatural issues, although they may well deal with taxonomic matters for illustrative purposes. It should be the aim of such contributions to interest an audience wider than some small group of specialists. (c) Receipt of new applications. The following new applications have been received since going to press for volume 57, part 1 (published on 31 March 2000). Under Article 82 of the Code, existing usage is to be maintained until the ruling of the Commission is published. (1) hippopodiusidae Koellicker, 1853 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): proposed conser¬ vation as the correct spelling of hippopodiidae to remove homonymy with hippopodiidae Cox, 1965 (Mollusca, Bivalvia). (Case 3153). A.C. Marques, L.E. Anuelli & M.G. Simoes. (2) Scymnus splendidulus Stenius, 1952 (currently Nephus (Sidis) splendidulus; Insecta, Coleoptera): proposed retention of the neotype as the name-bearing type despite rediscovery of the holotype. (Case 3154). H. Fursch & H. Silfverberg. (3) macrotermitinae Kemner, 1934 (Insecta, Isoptera): proposed precedence over acanthotermitinae Sjostedt, 1926. (Case 3155). M.S. Engel & K. Krishna. (4) Chiton lepidus Reuss, 1860 (currently Lepidochitona lepida; Mollusca, Poly- placophora): proposed conservation of the specific name. (Case 3156). E. Schwabe. (5) Halictoides dentiventris Nylander, 1848 (currently Dufourea dentiventris; Insecta, Hymenoptera): proposed conservation of the specific name. (Case 3157). P.A.W. Ebmer. (d) Rulings of the Commission. Each Opinion published in the Bulletin constitutes an official ruling of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, by virtue of the votes recorded, and comes into force on the day of publication of the Bulletin. Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries 70 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 57(2) June 2000 The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature The new and extensively revised 4th Edition of the International Code ofZoological Nomenclature was published in August 1999 and came into effect on 1 January 2000; it entirely supersedes the 3rd (1985) edition. Some notes about the new edition, which contains many new provisions, will be found on the Commission's Website (www.iczn.org). The price of the 4th Edition is £40 or $65; the following discounts are offered: Individual members of a scientific society ordering one copy for personal use are offered a discount of 25% (price £30 or $48); the name and address of the society should be given. Individual members of the American or European Associations for Zoological Nomenclature ordering one copy for personal use are offered a discount of 40% (price £24 or $39). Postgraduate or undergraduate students ordering one copy for personal use are offered a discount of 25% (price £30 or $48); the name and address of the student's supervisor should be given. Institutions or agents buying 5 or more copies are offered a 25% discount (price £30 or $48 for each copy). Prices include surface postage; for Airmail please add £2 or $3 per copy. Copies may be ordered from: ITZN, c/o The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. (e-mail: [email protected]) or AAZN, Attn. D.G. Smith, MRC-159, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560-0159, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]). Payment should accompany orders. Cheques should be made out to 'ITZN' (sterling or dollars) or to 'AAZN' (dollars only). Payment to ITZN (but not to AAZN) can also be made by credit card (Visa or MasterCard only) giving the cardholder's number, name and address and the expiry date. Individual purchasers of the Code are offered a 50% discount on one copy of the following publications for personal use: The Official Lists and Indexes of Names and Works in Zoology (1987) — reduced from £60 to £30 and from $110 to $55; Towards Stability in the Names of Animals — a History of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1895-1995 (1995) — reduced from £30 to £15 and from $50 to $25; The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature (the Commission's quarterly journal) — discount valid for up to 5 years; for 2000 the discounted price would be £55 or $100. The Code is published in a bilingual volume (English and French). Official texts in a number of other languages are planned and their availability will be announced on the Commission's Website. The Spanish text has been published; details from e-mail: [email protected], fax (+34) 915645078. The linguistic appendices in the 3rd Edition have not been included in the new edition; copies of these may be obtained without charge from ITZN. Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 57(2) June 2000 71 The names of animals Alessandro Minelli Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58 B, 1-35131 Padova, Italy (e-mail: [email protected]) This article originally appeared in Trends in Ecology & Evolution (December 1999, vol. 14, pp. 462-463). It is reproduced here by permission of Elsevier Science. When using a tool, we hardly wonder about its origin. What we expect from it is that it works efficiently. Some tools are obviously old, we found them there when we entered the business. They may look out of fashion now but, as long as they work, we keep using them. With time passing, however, these tools can become fragile and less reliable and we are tempted to throw them away. Suddenly, we wonder how we could have used them until yesterday without seeing their obvious shortcomings. We cannot replace them easily, however. Sooner or later we discover they are still being produced and sold. One of these old dear tools is the Linnaean names of animals and plants. We may have been using Linnaean names for years, however, without giving any thought to how these names were first introduced, and why. Our worries begin instead when we notice that the rainbow trout is now called Onchorhynchus mykiss rather than Salmo gairdneri, as it was called until 'yesterday'; or that the blue-bottle fly is currently Calliphora vicina rather than Calliphora erythrocephala. Why these disconcerting changes? Are there no rules to the usage of names? Yes, there are. Soon after he came back from his memorable journey on the Beagle, Charles Darwin became a member of a committee established by the British Association for the Advancement of Science which produced in 1842 a Series of Propositions for Rendering the Nomenclature of Zoology Uniform and Permanent. This document, known as the Strickland Code after the Committee's leader Hugh Strickland, was the first set of rules proposed to set order to the entangled wilderness of the rapidly growing binomial nomenclature introduced by Linnaeus. The first internationally accepted document, however, did not appear until 1905, with the publication of the Regies internationales de la nomenclature zoologique (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1905).
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