VOLUME 29 , ISSUE 1 January/February 2006 WASATCH FITWEED JOINS RARE PLANT GUIDE Words and Photos by Tony Frates - Illustration (P2) April Jensen This past summer when Wasatch Fitweed, Forest but also the Uinta National Corydalis caseana subsp. brachycarpa, was Forest and on some private lands. found by Bruce Glisson for the first time in Summit County (it was previously known only It grows at relatively high elevations, from Utah, Salt Lake, Wasatch and Weber usually in a relatively narrow band counties and nowhere else) and thanks to a between about 7,000-9,000 feet and query initiated by Ben Franklin (botanist/Utah is usually only found growing in or Natural Heritage Program), it was realized that along streams or nearby drainages. this beautiful plant should be considered for This erect perennial with typically inclusion in the Utah Rare Plant Guide numerous hollow stems was found (www.utahrareplants.org) . growing as tall as 16 dm (64") in what may have been an exceptional water While the species itself is not in peril, the in- year in 2005; more typically it is half traspecific taxonomic rank (subrank) of that size. While rare, it currently Wasatch Fitweed is T2 meaning that it is glob- Corydalis caseana subsp does not seem to face any known ally rare, with relatively few occurrences and brachycarpa in flower threats. total individuals and it is accordingly treated (above) and fruiting as a sensitive species by the Forest Service. (below) There are five subspecies of Corydalis caseana (Case's Fitweed) Taxa included in the Utah Rare Plant Guide occurring in California, Colorado, contain certain basic information, drawings New Mexico, Oregon, Idaho and and photos. Utah. Subspecies brachycarpa only occurs in Utah. The swollen cap- Information was gathered and photos were sules for which our subspecies may provided by Wayne Padgett, Wasatch-Cache have been named appear to be National Forest ecologist. But, no drawing of caused by insect larvae. the Wasatch Fitweed had ever been pub- lished. Through funding and support provided The capsules are reflexed and have by the Wasatch-Cache National Forest (with elastic walls which when mature eject thanks to Teresa Prendusi and Wayne the seeds when touched as if shot Padgett) and technical guidance by Dr. Duane from a rubber band. Atwood (Stanley L. Welsh Herbarium), an ex- cellent botanical illustration was prepared by The usually white or pinkish petals April Jensen (see page 2). Inclusion in the are 17-25 mm long and barely more Utah Rare Plant Guide as of November 2005 than 4 mm thick, the inner ones ones represents the first ever publication of an illus- purplish-tipped, and flowers from tration for this unique subspecies. June to August. The species is known to be toxic to Wasatch Fitweed is found in a very limited livestock. range on mainly the Wasatch-Cache National PAGE 2 VOLUME 29 , ISSUE 1 Illustration by April Jensen PAGE 3 VOLUME 29 , ISSUE 1 Jan/Feb 2006 Wasatch Fitweed joins rare plant guide: P1 Coryphantha vivipara: P3 Intermountain Flora Vol 2 Pt B Book Review : P5 Events and Chapter News : P7 The Common Pincushion Cactus – Coryphantha vivipara Words & Photos by Jeff Mitchell A rose by any other name may still be a rose, but a common pincushion cactus in Utah can be one of several different plants. The problem is really that of common names. They can represent several different species. If I say pincushion, a lot may depend on where I am. In Utah it could be Pediocactus simpsonii, despainii, or winkleri. It could be Neolloydia johnsonii or Coryphantha missouriensis. These are all considered pincushions because their spines resemble pins in a round cloth pincushion. Scientific names allow us to precisely identify which unique species we are dealing with. According to my internet cactus forum, the genus Coryphantha has had part of it split off into Escobaria. But every time I use Escobaria in Utah, everybody goes Coryphantha vivipara in Flower huh? Taxonomists love to argue over names, but it is the same plant, and I will stick with Coryphantha since that name confuses no one. This short treatise is about Coryphantha vivipera var arizonica. In Utah, we have three varieties, Variety desertii is found down in Washington County, and variety vivipara is found in the Uinta basin. Variety arizonica is the one most people will run into. My first exposure to this cactus was in the wash that leads up to Marjum Pass from the west in the House Range, west of Delta. It was on a wash bank about to collapse and get washed away, so I dug it up and took it home. I planted it in a little corner where my garage meets the house facing southeast. It gets around 5 to 7 hours of sun a day during the summer and appears to do very well. It started with 12 stems which indicates an old plant, probably around 10-15 years old. I’ve had it for eight years now, and it has added a couple more stems. I have a bias in favor of this plant on the account that it was the cactus that got me started. And just because it is common does not make it any less beautiful. The common pincushion is probably the second easiest cactus to grow in northern Utah after Opuntia polycantha, the plains prickly pear. There is some dispute about that, as I have found at least one website that claims it is very susceptible to root rot. I’m not sure what their problem is, but they grow great in Utah in mineral soil mix. It takes four years to mature enough to flower when watered once a week during the spring and summer. The genus name Coryphantha is from the Greek for “top flowering”. So much for Latin names eh? The flowers are pink magenta about an inch across, with some showing two tones a very light pink at the bottom of the flower changing to light magenta halfway to the top. Each stem will have two to six flowers opening over a period of two or three weeks beginning in May. This looks outstanding on a large cluster. PAGE 4 VOLUME 29 , ISSUE 1 By August, pollinated flowers develop large pods which slowly turn from green to reddish. In cultivation, pods can be as much as five times larger than pods in the wild. The pods are on the fleshy side i.e. they don’t dry out when the seeds are ripe like Sclerocacti (fishhook cacti) or several kinds of Opuntias (prickly pears and chollas). As long as they are on the plant they stay juicy for several months. There is regional variation in spine color. The pincushions in Cedar City have dark brown spines, and the ones on the south side of the Aquarius Plateau and those in the west desert are whiter. There is one very similar looking species in Pediocactus simpsonii. The Pediocactus simpsonii has slightly curved central spines (the ones sticking out away from the plant) and the pincushion has straight spines and each aereole on a pincushion has a groove on the upper part which extends from the tip of the aereole all the way to the aereole base in very mature plants. In the spring, the flower comes out of this groove in the new season’s aereoles. As the plant gets older, and if it is getting enough water, it will start to cluster by putting out offshoots called pups. I have seen clusters with as many as 20 stems. The cultivation of this plant is rather simple. You can propagate by seed or by cuttings. The seeds germinate readily and grow well in normal top soil. I germinate mine indoors under cool white fluorescent lights that are on 24/7, and water once every three or four days. They mostly sprout in three to seven days, with a few laggards sprouting over the next month. I’ve grown them from cuttings on two occasions. The first was when a young relative brought me an almost dead specimen which was hollow and had been completely eaten out on the inside. It had one tiny scraggly root coming down from one side of this hollow plant. I packed the inside with sand (to keep well drained), and planted it in a pot. The growing point was damaged and had died, so when it started growing again, it put out lots of pups. The pups being too crowded, I thinned them out by cutting half of them off. I then set them out to dry for a couple days while the cut calloused over. The callous is important because it provides a seal against fungus when you place it in the soil to root. Then these pups were set barely into the soil, with the cut barely stuck into the soil. They then sent out roots and they grew rather well. The second instance was from a crested pincushion I found in the Confusion Range of the west desert. A crest is when the plant grows from a line rather than the normal growing point. As it gets bigger and bigger, it grows into a ‘U’ shape, then starts trying to look like a little spiny brain. I cut the crested plant into nine pieces, allowed them to callous over, and planted them. Now I have around eight plants that look like the original. One rotted out and died. For some reason the crested plant has never bloomed, the growing line has never produced flowers buds. Those grown from seed have a juvenile form.