cHeckliSt of tHe vaScUlaR PlaNtS of SaN DieGo coUNty 5th edition Pinus torreyana subsp. torreyana Downingia concolor var. brevior Thermopsis californica var. semota Pogogyne abramsii Hulsea californica Cylindropuntia fosbergii Dudleya brevifolia Chorizanthe orcuttiana Astragalus deanei by Jon P. Rebman and Michael G. Simpson San Diego Natural History Museum and San Diego State University examples of checklist taxa: SPecieS SPecieS iNfRaSPecieS iNfRaSPecieS NaMe aUtHoR RaNk & NaMe aUtHoR Eriodictyon trichocalyx A. Heller var. lanatum (Brand) Jepson {SD 135251} [E. t. subsp. l. (Brand) Munz] Hairy yerba Santa SyNoNyM SyMBol foR NoN-NATIVE, NATURaliZeD PlaNt *Erodium cicutarium (L.) Aiton {SD 122398} red-Stem Filaree/StorkSbill HeRBaRiUM SPeciMeN coMMoN DocUMeNTATION NaMe SyMBol foR PlaNt Not liSteD iN THE JEPSON MANUAL †Rhus aromatica Aiton var. simplicifolia (Greene) Conquist {SD 118139} Single-leaF SkunkbruSH SyMBol foR StRict eNDeMic TO SaN DieGo coUNty §§Dudleya brevifolia (Moran) Moran {SD 130030} SHort-leaF dudleya [D. blochmaniae (Eastw.) Moran subsp. brevifolia Moran] 1B.1 S1.1 G2t1 ce SyMBol foR NeaR eNDeMic TO SaN DieGo coUNty §Nolina interrata Gentry {SD 79876} deHeSa nolina 1B.1 S2 G2 ce eNviRoNMeNTAL liStiNG SyMBol foR MiSiDeNtifieD PlaNt, Not occURRiNG iN coUNty (Note: this symbol used in appendix 1 only.) ?Cirsium brevistylum Cronq. indian tHiStle i checklist of the vascular plants of san Diego county 5th edition by Jon p. rebman and Michael g. simpson san Diego natural history Museum and san Diego state university publication of: san Diego natural history Museum san Diego, california ii Copyright © 2014 by Jon P. Rebman and Michael G. Simpson Fifth edition 2014. isBn 0-918969-08-5 Copyright © 2006 by Jon P. Rebman and Michael G. Simpson © 2001 by Michael G. Simpson and Jon P. Rebman © 1996 by Michael G. Simpson, Scott C. McMillan, Brenda L. McMillan, Judy Gibson, and Jon P. Rebman. © 1995 by Michael G. Simpson, Scott C. McMillan, and Brenda L. Stone This material may not be reproduced or resold. for correspondence, write to: Dr. Jon P. Rebman, San Diego Natural History Museum, P.O. Box 121390, San Diego, CA 92112-1390 Email: [email protected] or to: Dr. Michael G. Simpson, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4614 Email: [email protected] Cover photographs are plants endemic to San Diego County, California, all taken by the authors. iii table of contents preface v alphabetical listing of families xxi san Diego county vascular plant checklist: Documented with herbarium vouchers lycophytes 1 equisetophytes 1 ophioglossoid ferns 1 leptosporangiate ferns 1 seed plants 3 conifers 3 gnetales 4 angiosperms (flowering plants) 4 Magnoliids: laurales (calycanthaceae & lauraceae) 4 Magnoliids: piperales (saururaceae) 4 ceratophyllales (ceratophyllaceae) 4 eudicots 4 Monocots 81 appendix 1: taxa reported for san Diego county but excluded 97 appendix 2: taxa endemic to san Diego county 105 appendix 3: hybrid taxa in san Diego county 109 appendix 4: historical collections not Documented in last 50 years 111 appendix 5: recent collections lacking sD or sDsu vouchers 113 appendix 6: taxa with cnps inventory listings 115 index of genera and families 121 notes: (for personal use) 131 iv v preface Goals and Format This is the fifth edition of the Checklist of the Vascular Plants of San Diego County (here referred to as simply the Checklist), which catalogs all native and naturalized vascular plants known to occur in San Diego County, California, U.S.A., “naturalized” referring to non-native/exotic plants that grow, persist, and reproduce in natural, non-cultivated habitats. This edition supersedes the four previous editions of the Checklist (Simpson et al. 1995, 1996; Simpson and Rebman 2001, Rebman and Simpson 2006). The need for this revision of the Checklist arose with the publication of The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Ed. 2 (Baldwin et al. 2012, referred to hereafter as Jepson II, which replaced the earlier Hickman 1993 edition, Jepson I), resulting in numerous nomenclatural changes to the plants of California. In addition, a great number of taxa new to San Diego County have been discovered since our 2006 (fourth) edition, and some misidentifications have been corrected. Nomenclature for this Checklist is based on Jepson II for most native and naturalized plants, Hortus Third (Bailey & Bailey 1976) for some naturalized plants, or original research journal articles where pertinent (discussed below or cited in the Checklist). We have also utilized the Consortium of California Herbaria (CCH 2014), the Jepson eFlora (Jepson Flora Project 2014) and published volumes of the Flora of North America (Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+), the latter listed electronically at <http://www.efloras.org> and referred to here as FNA eFlora. As with the fourth edition, this fifth edition of the Checklist provides documentation of all taxa by the listing of an accession number from a representative herbarium specimen, known as the herbarium voucher. Almost all specimen citations are from the San Diego Natural History Museum (sD), which can be viewed as digital scans at the synoptic collection images link of the San Diego County Plant Atlas web site <http://www.sdplantatlas.org>. A few specimens are cited from the herbaria at University of California Davis (ahuc), California Academy of Sciences (cas, Ds), California Department of Food and Agriculture (cDa), Desert Botanical Garden (Des), Harvard University (gh), Humboldt State University (hsc), California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo (oBi), Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden (rsa, poM), San Diego State University (sDsu), San Jose State University (sJsu), University of California Berkeley (uc, Jeps), and University of California Riverside (ucr), and the Smithsonian Institution (us), and Utah State University (utc). Most specimen records were accessed from the Consortium of California Herbaria (CCH 2014). Appendix 1 lists taxa that have been reported to occur in San Diego County but which are excluded from our Checklist, either because these reports lack documentation or because we believe the identity or locality was incorrect. We feel that in preparing any floristic checklist, it is of the utmost importance that every taxon listed be documented with an herbarium specimen deposited and accessioned in an accredited herbarium. Without proper specimen documentation, the presence or correct identity of these taxa may be in doubt. Checklists of taxa without documentation are unverifiable and thus are out of the realm of science. We hope and encourage that future work on regional checklists and local floristic surveys, including those by governmental agencies and private consulting firms, will endeavor to provide complete specimen documentation. diversity Our current count of native and naturalized vascular plants documented to vi occur in San Diego County is 2,447 species (including common hybrids), and 2,672 total taxa (including subspecies and varieties). These totals are up from our 2,143 species and 2,314 total taxa of the fourth edition, mostly due to new discoveries in the interim. These species and taxa occur in a total of 879 genera in 163 families. Of these 2,447 species, 1,689 (69.0%) are native to the County and 758 (31.0%, up from 26.6% in our fourth edition) are non-native and naturalized in the County (the latter designated with a “*” symbol). Of the 2,672 total taxa, 1,901 (71.1%) are native and 771 (28.9%, up from 25.0% in our fourth edition) are non-native and naturalized. In summary, the documented County’s flora has increased by304 species (14.2%, 116 species native, 188 species non-native) and 358 total taxa (15.4%, 166 taxa native, 192 taxa non-native) since our 4th edition was published. These values illustrate the great number of native plants that have been discovered in the County in the last eight years. But, they also point out the great number of exotic plants that have become established in native habitats of the County (an increase in documentation of 7.4% of our total species and 6.9% of our total taxa since the publication of our 4th edition), with more being detected every year. This increase may be due in part to our accelerated effort to document plants of the County (see Plant Atlas Project, below). The increase may also represent recent introductions, often from cultivation but many “accidental” (Lehan et al. 2013). San Diego County is often cited as having more species (or taxa) of vascular plants than any other county in the United States. We have to date not verified this from counts of county floras (few are available), but we know of no other county in the U.S., including the counties of the Hawaiian islands, having more species or total taxa. Perhaps a more meaningful comparison between regions is the richness of native (versus non-native) plants. Thus, the 1,689 native vascular plant species or 1,901 native total taxa for San Diego County could be used in regional comparisons of natural biodiversity. This does not detract from the importance of tabulating non-native, naturalized plants, most of which have become a permanent part of our flora. native to CaliFornia, not to san dieGo County Of the taxa we list as non-native to San Diego County, 15 are native to the state of California, but are thought by us to have been established from other parts of the state to native habitats in San Diego County and are listed as non-native to the County. These taxa are: Baileya multiradiata Torr. Asteraceae Eriophyllum staechadifolium Lag. Asteraceae Eriogonum giganteum S. Watson var. formosum K. Brandegee Polygonaceae Eriogonum giganteum S. Watson var. giganteum Polygonaceae Galium tricornutum Dandy Rubiaceae Gilia tricolor Benth. Polemoniaceae Hesperevax caulescens (Benth.) A. Gray Asteraceae Leptosyne gigantea Kellogg Asteraceae Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) G.C. Tucker Cyperaceae Malva assurgentiflora (Kellogg) M.F.