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Dogmatismo Tecnológico: O Discurso Dos Papas Sobre As Tecnologias De Comunicação

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Dogmatismo Tecnológico: O Discurso Dos Papas Sobre As Tecnologias De Comunicação UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA FACULDADE DE COMUNICAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Dogmatismo Tecnológico: o discurso dos papas sobre as tecnologias de comunicação Paulo Vitor Giraldi Pires Brasília/DF 2019 13 UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA FACULDADE DE COMUNICAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Dogmatismo Tecnológico: o discurso dos papas sobre as tecnologias de comunicação Paulo Vitor Giraldi Pires Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Comunicação da Universidade de Brasília (UnB), linha de pesquisa Teorias e Tecnologias da Comunicação, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Pedro Russi Brasília/DF 2019 14 UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA FACULDADE DE COMUNICAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO TESE DE DOUTORADO Dogmatismo Tecnológico: o discurso dos papas sobre as tecnologias de comunicação Autor: Paulo Vitor Giraldi Pires Orientador: Prof. Dr. Pedro Russi Aprovado em 05/07/2019. Banca Examinadora: Orientador: Prof. Dr. Pedro Russi (FAC/UnB) 1ª Examinadora: Profa. Dra. Renata Giraldi Dias (UCB) 2º Examinador: Prof. Dr. Gustavo de Castro da Silva (PPGCOM/UnB) 3ª Examinadora: Profa. Dra. Elen Cristina Geraldes (FAC/UnB) 1º Suplente: Prof. Dr. Aldenor Benjamim dos Santos (UNIFAP) 15 Para xs meus professores, inspirações pela qual cheguei até aqui, #amor; As professoras Olga e Rosinha (in memorian); Ao eterno mestre, Prof. Dr. José Marques de Melo, pelos ensinamentos e incentivos; A minha avó Lídia Giraldi, sabedoria de vida; A toda minha família, meus amores; #Mãe Aos amigos, docentes, técnicos, secretaria e funcionários do PPGCOM/UnB, com #gratidão; Aos meus alunos e alunas, provocações de novos pensamentos complexos e humanos; Aos padres e irmãos Redentoristas, #família; Para xs perseguidores, motivo que me faz desejar o conhecimento, #paz; Ao feminino, às mulheres: força criadora e renovadora da vida; A você, que me conhece; Aos outrxs, que me imaginam. #muitaluz. 16 Este título é ‘doutor’ dedicado a todos os meus professores (as), todos aqueles que passaram por minha vida e partilharam comigo um pouco de seus conhecimentos. Hoje sou uma colcha de retalhos de cada saber agregado. Gratidão por vocês, meus professores. Não chegaria até aqui sem a bondade e o amor, de cada um, pelo ensino. Obrigado por não desistirem de mim. O caminho foi longo, ainda há muito o que percorrer, mas com vocês, sempre fui mais forte, mais determinado, tive coragem de prosseguir, não desisti! Dedico esse título tão nobre, aos mestres e amigos professores. Chegamos juntos até aqui. Essa conquista é nossa, essa conquista é da Educação brasileira. Sou Prouni, sou de escola pública da periferia, sou bolsa integral de estudos, com cotas. Sou filho de uma doméstica, mulher italiana guerreira e de um negro lindo, meu pai: sou a mistura de raças, com muito orgulho. (escrevi com lágrimas, em 07 de novembro de 2018, às 9h37, com muitas saudades dos meus professores). 17 Deus não é o nome de Deus, mas uma opinião a respeito de Deus. (Papa Sisto I, 7º pontífice da Igreja Católica, 115-124 d.C.) 18 Resumo Esta pesquisa tem por escopo analisar o discurso dos papas da Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana sobre as tecnologias de comunicação. Trata-se de uma investigação interpretativa e analítica das encíclicas, discursos, exortações apostólicas, mensagens e motu proprio de Pio XI, Pio XII, João XXIII, Paulo VI, João Paulo I, João Paulo II, Bento XVI e Francisco. A problematização concentra-se em saber de que maneira as tecnologias (tecnici, technicarum, technology) são conceituadas e interpretadas nos documentos pontifícios, e a partir de qual entendimento teórico, sobre as tecnologias de comunicação, estão embasados esses escritos. Considera-se como marco deste estudo, duas principais Assembleias Ecumênicas da história da Igreja, sendo elas, os Concílios Vaticano I (1870) e Vaticano II (1962), ambas decisórias na abertura do catolicismo para pensar os meios de comunicação. O corpus quantitativo é constituído de documentos pontifícios de oito papas conciliares, publicados entre o período de 1937-2017, que citam as técnicas modernas, meios técnicos e tecnologias de comunicação, a partir de um recorte histórico de 80 anos. A análise parte da triangulação dos métodos: Pesquisa Histórica (Rüsen, 2007, Bonin, 2008), Análise documental (Cellard, 2008 e Chaumier, 1982) e Análise de Conteúdo (Bardin, 1988 e Bauer, 2002). Os resultados que essa tese revelou vão além das inferências das análises com fins teóricos e pragmáticos. Há evidências que os discursos dos papas são estruturados por estratégias doutrinais vigentes no catolicismo romano. Nessa era são perpetuadas cruzadas modernas, as ‘cruzadas tecnológicas’, promovendo no contexto da cultura midiática, a construção de um dogmatismo tecnológico1. Para avançar, se faz necessário romper com as mediações hierárquicas, intervenções dogmáticas e, principalmente, com a instrumentação ritualista da comunicação eclesial. Por outro lado, a Igreja deve avaliar criticamente sua comunicação, buscando novos meios para dialogar com a sociedade, de forma mais transparente, promovendo, assim, a cultura do diálogo e do encontro entre as pessoas, em suas diversidades. Compreender o uso das tecnologias de comunicação como meios em serviço da vida e do bem comum – além de uma visão teológica, torna-se urgente no contexto de um mundo de guerras ideológicas e intolerâncias, ataques aos valores e a dignidade humana. Palavras-chave: tecnologias de comunicação. discurso dos papas. Igreja Católica. dogmatismo tecnológico. documentos pontifícios. 1 Essa expressão, proposta nesta tese (já no título), é utilizada no decorrer do estudo para referir-se à ideia de que o dogmatismo tecnológico é uma construção da narrativa no discurso dos papas. 19 Abstract This research aims to analyze the discourse of the popes of the Roman Catholic Church on communication technologies. It is an interpretative and analytical investigation of the encyclicals, apostolic exhortations, messages and motu proprio of Pius XI, Pius XII, John XXIII, Paul VI, John Paul I, John Paul II, Benedict XVI and Francisco. The problematization concentrates on knowing how technologies (technici, technicarum, technology) are conceptualized and interpreted in the documents written by the popes, and from which theoretical understanding, on the technologies of communication, are based these writings. Two main Ecumenical Assemblies in the history of the Church are considered as the framework of this study, being the Councils of Vatican I (1870) and Vatican II (1962), both decisions in the opening of Catholicism to think the means of communication. The quantitative corpus consists of papal documents of eight council potatoes, published between the period 1937-2017, which cite modern techniques, technical means and communication technologies, from a historical cut of 80 years. The analysis starts from the triangulation of the methods: Historical Research (Rüsen, 2007, Bonin, 2008), Documentary Analysis (Cellard, 2008 and Chaumier, 1982) and Content Analysis (Bardin, 1988 and Bauer, 2002). The results that this thesis revealed go beyond the inferences of the analyzes for theoretical and pragmatic purposes. The speeches of the popes are structured by maneuvers and strategies prevailing in Roman Catholicism. In this era, modern crusades are perpetuated, the technological crusades, promoting, in the context of media culture, a technological dogmatism. In order to advance, it is necessary to break with hierarchical mediations, dogmatic interventions and, above all, with the ritualistic instrumentation of ecclesial communication. On the other hand, the Church must more critically evaluate its communication, seeking new means to dialogue with society in a more transparent way, thus promoting a culture of dialogue and meeting people in their diversity. Understanding communication technologies as means at the service of life and the common good - in addition to a theological vision, becomes urgent in the context of a world of ideological wars and intolerances, attacks on human values and dignity. Keywords: communication technologies. speech of the popes. Catholic church. technological dogmatism. Papal documents. 20 Resumen Esta investigación tiene por objeto analizar el discurso de los papas de la Iglesia Católica Apostólica Romana sobre las tecnologías de comunicación. Se trata de una investigación interpretativa y analítica de las encíclicas, exhortaciones apostólicas, mensajes y motu proprio de Pío XI, Pío XII, Juan XXIII, Pablo VI, Juan Pablo I, Juan Pablo II, Benedicto XVI y Francisco. La problemática se concentra en saber de qué manera las tecnologías (tecnici, technicarum, technology) son conceptuadas e interpretadas en los documentos escritos por los papas, ya partir de qué entendimiento teórico, sobre las tecnologías de comunicación, se basan en esos escritos. Se considera como marco de este estudio, dos principales Asambleas Ecuménicas de la historia de la Iglesia, siendo ellas, los concilios Vaticano I (1870) y el Vaticano II (1962), ambas decisiones en la apertura del catolicismo para pensar en los medios de comunicación. El corpus cuantitativo está constituido por documentos pontificios de ocho papas conciliares, publicados entre el período de 1937- 2017, que citan las técnicas modernas, medios técnicos y tecnologías de comunicación, a partir de un recorte histórico de 80 años. El análisis parte de la triangulación de los métodos: Investigación Histórica (Rüsen, 2007, Bonin, 2008), Análisis documental (Cellard, 2008 y Chaumier, 1982) y Análisis de Contenido
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