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Universidade Católica De Santos Curso De Relações UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SANTOS CURSO DE RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS ADRIELLI KARINE DIAS DOS SANTOS DALILA BARROS DE AMORIM VICTÓRIA MARIA SABINO PARRACHO AS MULHERES NA DIPLOMACIA FRANCESA SANTOS 2018 1 ADRIELLI KARINE DIAS DOS SANTOS DALILA BARROS DE AMORIM VICTÓRIA MARIA SABINO PARRACHO AS MULHERES NA DIPLOMACIA FRANCESA Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado ao Curso de Relações Internacionais da Universidade Católica de Santos como requisito à obtenção do título e do grau de Bacharel em Relações Internacionais. Orientadora: Prof. Drª. Natalia Noschese Fingermann. SANTOS 2018 2 ADRIELLI KARINE DIAS DOS SANTOS DALILA BARROS DE AMORIM VICTÓRIA MARIA SABINO PARRACHO AS MULHERES NA DIPLOMACIA FRANCESA Relatório final, apresentado a Universidade Católica de Santos, como parte das exigências para a obtenção do título de bacharel. Santos, 05 de novembro de 2018. BANCA EXAMINADORA ____________________________________ Prof. Drª. Natalia Noschese Fingermann Universidade Católica de Santos _____________________________________ Prof. Me. Alessandra Beber Castilho Universidade Católica de Santos 3 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação Departamento de Bibliotecas da Universidade Católica de Santos ____________________________________________________________________________ Santos, Adrielli Karine Dias dos. S237m As mulheres na diplomacia francesa. / Adrielli Karine Dias dos Santos, Dalila Barros de Amorim, Victoria Maria Sabino Parracho; orientadora Natalia Noschese Fingermann. 65 f.; Monografia (graduação) - Curso de Relações Internacionais – Universidade Católica de Santos, 2018. 1. Diplomacia. 2. Feminismo. 3. França. I. Universidade Católica de Santos. Curso de Relações Internacionais. II. Amorim, Dalila Barros de. III. Parracho, Victoria Maria Sabino. IV. Fingermann, Natalia Noschese. V. As mulheres na diplomacia francesa. CDU 1997 – 327 ________________________________________________________________________________________ Maria Rita C. Rebello Nastasi – CRB 8/2240 4 AGRADECIMENTOS Queremos agradecer a todos que contribuíram, direta ou indiretamente, para nossa formação acadêmica, sobretudo à nossa família que tornaram nosso sonho possível, caminhando conosco e nos dando a mão neste longo período de aprendizagem. Agradecemos também aos nossos amigos e a todos professores que participaram de nossa formação, em especial nossa orientadora Natalia Noschese Fingermann, obrigada por toda dedicação conosco. A todas as pessoas que não mencionamos queremos deixar claro que não estão esquecidas. Se nos tocaram de algum modo podem ter certeza que agradecemos com toda intensidade. 5 Nunca haverá paz no mundo se as mulheres não ajudarem a criá-la. Bertha Lutz 6 RESUMO A questão de gênero nas relações internacionais tem sido cada vez mais tratada pela academia. Com o objetivo de entender como o espectro ideológico dos governos influenciam na questão de gênero e na participação das mulheres em diversas áreas do serviço público, esse trabalho realiza um estudo de caso da França, referência na diplomacia internacional amplamente reconhecida. Para realizar essa análise a pesquisa compara os governos de direita, de Nicolas Sarkozy (2007-2012) e de centro-esquerda de François Hollande (2012-2017) em relação a atuação feminina dentro do governo e, principalmente, na diplomacia. Os resultados dessa pesquisa indicam que o posicionamento político-ideológico dos líderes em questão influenciou a presença das mulheres dentro do Quai d’Orsay, uma vez que no caso do governo de Hollande identifica-se um número maior de mulheres em posições de alto escalão em comparação aquele encontrado no governo de Sarkozy, embora tenha realizado uma inovação em termos de participação feminina dentro de instâncias importantes do governo, usualmente ocupadas por homens quando houve o comando de um partido de direita. Palavras-chave: Diplomacia, feminismo, França. 7 ABSTRACT The issue of gender in international relations has been increasingly addressed by academia. In order to understand how the ideological spectrum of governments influence gender issues and the participation of women in various areas of the public service, this work carries out a case study of France, a reference in international diplomacy widely recognized. In order to carry out this analysis, the research compares the right-wing governments of Nicolas Sarkozy (2007- 2012) and center-left Francois Hollande (2012-2017) in relation to women's work within government and, mainly, in diplomacy. The results of this research indicate that the political- ideological positioning of the leaders in question influenced the presence of women within Quai d'Orsay, since in the case of the government of Hollande a bigger number of women are identified in high-ranking positions in compared to the one found in Sarkozy's government, although he made a breakthrough in terms of female participation in key government departments, usually occupied by men when a right-wing party was commanded. Keywords: Diplomacy, feminism, France. 8 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO.......................................................................................................................11 1. GÊNERO E RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS.......................................................13 1.1. A questão de gênero na França......................................................................................17 2. A DIPLOMACIA FRANCESA E O PAPEL DA MULHER....................................21 2.1. A participação feminina na diplomacia atualmente......................................................28 3. O SISTEMA DE GOVERNO FRANCÊS..................................................................30 3.1. Governo de Nicolas Sarkozy........................................................................................31 3.2. Governo de François Hollande.....................................................................................38 4. DIPLOMACIA NO GOVERNO DE NICOLAS SARKOZY..................................43 4.1. Diplomacia no governo de François Hollande..............................................................47 4.2. Análise comparativa entre os governos de Sarkozy e Hollande...................................50 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS.................................................................................................54 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS..................................................................................55 ANEXOS..................................................................................................................................62 Anexo A – Suzanne Borel.......................................................................................................63 Anexo B - Trecho de uma cópia do concurso de Suzanne Borel.............................................63 Anexo C – Marcelle Campana................................................................................................64 Anexo D - Isabelle Renouard como Secretária Geral de Defesa e Segurança Nacional....................................................................................................................................64 Anexo E – Nicolas Sarkozy e seus ministros..........................................................................65 Anexo F – François Hollande e seus ministros........................................................................65 9 LISTA DE GRÁFICOS E FIGURAS Gráfico 1: Porcentagem de Embaixadores por Gênero (2017) ................................................24 Gráfico 2: Porcentagem de deputados eleitos por gênero (2004) ............................................33 Gráfico 3: Porcentagem de deputados eleitos por gênero (2007) ............................................34 Gráfico 4: Porcentagem de senadores eleitos por gênero (2005) ............................................35 Gráfico 5: Porcentagem de Senadores eleitos por gênero (2008) ...........................................35 Gráfico 6: Porcentagem de deputados eleitos por gênero (2012) ..............................................40 Gráfico 7: Porcentagem de senadores eleitos por gênero (2014) ...............................................41 Figura 1: Suzanne Borel ...........................................................................................................63 Figura 2: Trecho de uma cópia do concurso de Suzanne Borel .................................................63 Figura 3: Marcelle Campana .....................................................................................................64 Figura 4: Isabelle Renouard como Secretária Geral de Defesa e Segurança Nacional....................................................................................................................................64 Figura 5: Nicolas Sarkozy e seus ministros ...............................................................................65 Figura 6: François Hollande e seus ministros ............................................................................65 10 INTRODUÇÃO Os estudos de gênero nas Relações Internacionais têm chamado enorme atenção do debate contemporâneo. Autoras como Butler (2003), Tickner (2001) e Enloe (2007) têm mostrado os desafios das mulheres em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, destacando as dificuldades delas em ascender em carreiras tradicionalmente masculinas, tal como é o caso da diplomacia. Recentemente, no Brasil tem emergido pesquisas que ressaltam o papel das mulheres dentro do Itamaraty contando com autoras como Delamonica (2014) e Mendes (2011), que comparam a sua participação
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