sign in sign up
<<
Home , Chanka, History of Peru, Tambomachay

Queens College Department of Hispanic Languages and Literatures

SPAN 45. , from the Incas to today: Culture, Arts, and Media Winter Session 2014

Professor: Beatriz Carolina Peña, Ph.D.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course fulfills Perspectives Goals in the Area of Culture and Values and the Queens College Core Area of World Cultures and Global Issues (WCGI). Students will explore the questions of how historical and philosophical discourses, the arts, and media function in society, transmitting and/or questioning cultural and social values and ideals. The role of a liberal arts education in shaping such values has been a key battleground in the US culture wars of the past two decades. Three of the most prominent developments have been a reconsideration of the definitions and uses of truth in the humanities and social sciences, an emphasis on the ideological implications of studying cultures and values, and the role that race, ethnicity, class, gender, language, sexual orientation, belief, play in shaping social values. This course will employ the new model of cultural studies as it introduces students to the pre-colonial, colonial, and modern cultures of the southern Andean region, with emphasis on what is today Peru. European, Latin American, and indigenous American perspectives are presented through primary and secondary material, allowing students to examine the formation and evolution of cultural and political institutions in Peru within international and global contexts. Through a final essay, students will demonstrate their understanding of historical, economic, and social factors influencing this relationship.

Length and Number of hours: 3 weeks / 45 hours

Cities to visit and length of stays:

1 Week in

2 Weeks in

W E E K 1 Location: LIMA PREHISPANIC ANDEAN CULTURES: Chavin, Moche, Nazca, Wari, Chimu, Chincha, Chanka TOPICS READINGS VISITS Introduction. Edward P. Lanning. Peru Before the Incas. Visit 1: The : a privately Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, N.J, 1967, owned museum of pre-Columbian art, -Cultural Periods of the pp. located in the Pueblo Libre, district of Andean Region: Chavin, Lima, Peru. The museum is housed in an Moche, Nazca, Wari, Chimu, Quilter, Jeffrey. Chapter 1: Moche and Its 18th-century vice-royal building built over a Chincha, Chanka. Art Style (9-12), Chapter 2: Ancient Life on 7th-century pre-Columbian pyramid. The • - Pre-Columbian metallurgy; the North Coast (13-20), Chapter 3: Moche museum offers a varied collection of 3,000 • - Royal tombs of Sipán, Peru; in Andean Prehistory (21-30). In: The Moche years of ceramic, and precious metal • - Sheet technique; of Ancient Peru. Media and Messages. artifacts. There are also mummies that - Mochica Indians; • Cambridge: Peabody Museum Press, 2010. show off the different ways ancient • - Archaeological thefts; cultures, including the Incas, preserved • - Excavations () Kirkpatrick, Sidney, Lords of Sipan: A Tale of their dead. Pre-Inca Tombs, Archaeology, and Crime. Morrow: New York, 1992.

Gerhard Hörz and Monika Kallfass, “The treasure of gold and silver artifacts from the Royal Tombs of Sipán, Peru — a study on the Moche metalworking techniques” Materials Characterization Volume 45, Issues 4–5, October–November (2000): 391–419. THE INCA PRESENCE IN PRE-COLOMBIAN LIMA - The Pacha Kamaq God Eeckhout, Peter. “Change and Permanency Visit 2: Temple of - Viracocha on the Coast of Ancient Peru: the Religious Archaeological site located 40 km southeast - : The Sun God Site of Pachacamac” World Archaeology, of Lima, Peru in the Valley of the Lurin Volume 45, Issue 1 (2013): 137-160. - The Incan Oracles River. The site comprises pyramidal

- The Virgins of the Sun: Uhle, Max and Izumi Shimada. from temples and enclosures built by successive rituals and art beneath the Temple of Pachacamac, Peru: a Part pre-Colombian civilizations and finally the - Inca Textiles of the Uhle Collection of the University Museum, Incas. Highlights include the Temple of - The Inka's Tunics University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pa: Pachacamac, the Sun God shrine, and the University Museum, University of Palace of the Chosen Women or Virgins of Pennsylvania, 1991. the Sun. At the site museum there is an idol Chapter 6: The Inka's Tunics. In: Mills, of the deity, Pachacamac, which could not Kenneth and William B. Taylor. Colonial be seen by the profane, and was reserved Spanish America: A Documentary History. for the high priests who kept, revered and Wilmington, Del. : Scholarly Resources, interpreted the divine oracle in the old 1998. times.

Visit 3: The Gold Museum. Originally from a private collection, the museum houses numerous gold, silver and copper artifacts from several pre-Hispanic cultures (Mochica, Chimú, and Vicus). The most precious piece in the collection is the solid gold Tumi (ceremonial knife) belonging to the Lambayeque culture (350AD).

Visit 4: and , two ceremonial centers located in the district of San Isidro. LIMA IN COLONIAL TIMES - Old Worlds and the Time of Chapter 3: Introduction-Texts and Images Visit 5: Lima Historical Center, the old “Discoveries” for Colonial History. In: Mills, Kenneth side of the city and the capital of - The Coming of the and William B. Taylor. Colonial Spanish the . Conquistadores America: A Documentary History. - The Evangelization of Wilmington, Del. : Scholarly Resources, Places included: Unbelievers 1998. - The Cathedral where the - Viceroyalty of Peru (1542- ’s Tomb is located, 1824) Chapter 32: “Pedro de Leon Portocarrero's - the San Francisco Convent and its - The Holy Office and Description of Lima, Peru.” Chapter 33: Catacombs, an architectonic jewel from the Tribunal of the “The Church and Monastery of San 16th century, Peruvian Inquisition Francisco, Lima, Peru.” Chapter 34: - the Church of Santo Domingo, a place - Black Slavery in Lima and “Beatriz de Padilla, Mulatta Mistress and which holds the remains of two of the the Viceroyalty of Peru Mother.” Chapter 35: “Fruits of the Faith major saints of the colony: Santa Rosa de in the Seventeenth Century.” Chapter 36: Lima and San Martin de Porres. Video: The Great Inca “Santa Rosa of Lima According to a Pious - The Museum of Congress and Inquisition. Accountant.” In: Mills, Kenneth and William B. Taylor. Colonial Spanish America: A Documentary History. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1998. “The Origins of Antiblack Racism in the New World” (48-76) and “How Africans Became Integral to New World History” (77-102). In: Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World by David Brion Davis in Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World.

LIMA IN REPUBLICAN AND MODERN TIMES - The movements for the Martín, Luis. The Kingdom of the Sun: A Short Visit 6: The Main Square and the Independence History of Peru. New York: Scribner, 1974. Presidential and Municipal Palaces, - Revolutions - Archbishop Palace and the Museum of -Republican Era Werlich, David P. Peru: A Short Religious Art. - Military Regimes and History. Carbondale: Southern Illinois Visit 7: The Literature House. Democracy University Press, 1978. Visit 8: The Magical Water Circuit, which opened in June of 2007, is an amazing Bonilla, Heraclio. "The New Profile of display of fountains, some choreographed Movie: Los perros hambrientos Peruvian History", Latin American Research to music, some interactive. Review Vol. 16, No. 3 (1981): 210–224. Visit 9: El Parque del Beso (Park of the Kiss). W E E K 2 Location: CUSCO - Peoples of the Titicaca Basin Stanish, Charles, “Nonmarket Imperialism Visit 10: The Main Square, the Cathedral - The Fall of Tawantinsuyu in the Prehispanic : The Inka and the Koricancha or Temple of the Sun - Monuments and cultural Occupation of the Titicaca Basin” Latin in Cusco. American Antiquity, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Sep., artifacts 1997), pp. 195-216. - Manifestations of the Inca Visit 11: The Sacsayhuaman Fortress culture Cummins, Thomas. 2004. 7a-e. Five queros. overlooking the city of Cusco, an Inca - Manifestations of the En: Elena J. Phipps, Johanna Hecht and architectural masterpiece; Spanish social, economic, and Cristina Esteras Martín (editoras). The Colonial The three archaeological centers of cultural mechanisms through : and Silverwork, 1530-1830. , Puca-Pucara, and Nueva York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art which the conquest & Yale University Press. 135-136. Tambomachay: progressed into the established - Qenko, a rock sanctuary whose main colonial rule. Phipps, Elena J. “Garments and Identity in the attraction is the monolithic altar Colonial Andes” (pp. 16-39) and “Miniature tunic (uncu) with checkerboard design” (pp. representing a puma; - Andean Religion 141-143). En: Elena J. Phipps, Johanna Hecht y - Puca-Pucara and Tambomachay, a - Incas' Pantheistic Cosmology Cristina Esteras Martín. The Colonial Andes: beautiful fountain fed by a spring forming a Tapestries and Silverwork, 1530-1830. Nueva series of basins. York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art & Yale - The Mita System University Press, 2004. Visit 12: The - The Cusco School of Art Silverblatt, Irene. “Peru: The Colonial Andes.” - Full-day excursion to Urubamba, the En: Witchcraft and Sorcery of the American Native Peoples. Deward E. Walker, Jr. ed. Preface by Sacred Valley of the Incas, the village of David Carrasco. Moscow, Idaho: University of Pisac, founded during Colonial times. On Idaho Press, 1989. 311-322. Sundays, Tuesdays and Thursdays the locals Video: Pre-Hispanic Literature barter their products, and artisans from all Lee, Vincent R. “The Building of Sacsahuaman.” In: The Building of Sacsahuaman over the area sell their woven wool Video: The Inca Rebellion and Other Papers. Berkeley, California: blankets and ponchos, engraved gourds, Tawantinsuyu K’uzkiy Paqarichisqa, Institute of antique reproductions and jewelry. On Andean Studies-Instituto de Estudios Andinos, Movie: Madeinusa Sundays, it is also the meeting place for the 1990. 49-60. local Mayors of the region, who come Movie: La teta asustada dressed in their traditional costumes, to attend morning mass. Titu Cusi Yupanqui. History of How the Spaniards Arrived in Peru. Dual-Language Edition. Edited - , the only Inca town which and Translated by Catherine Julien, is still inhabited. Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett Publishing -The ruins above Ollantaytambo. Company, 2006. - The town of Chinchero. Nowack, Kerstin. 2006. “Las mercedes que pedía para su salida: The Vilcabamba Inca and Visit 13: Archaeological Museum of the Spanish State, 1539-1572.” In: David Cahill Cusco and Blanca Tovías ed. New World, First Nations:

Native Peoples of Mesoamerica and the Andes under Colonial Rule. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press. Visit 13: , Maras and Salt mines 57-91. Moray, the Inca agricultural greenhouse or laboratory. Four platforms amphitheater Whitaker, Arthur Preston. The Huancavelica Mercury Mine. A Contribution to the History of the style with a depth of 150 meters, the Bourbon Renaissance in the . overlapping concentric circular stone rings Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1941. widen as they rise. It was an experimental Excerpts from: place to study the adaptation of plants to Acosta, José de. Natural and Moral History of the new ecosystems. Indies. Edited by Jane E. Mangan. Maras / Salineras (Salt mines), at altitude of Translated by Frances M. López- 3, 380 m is a small village and model of a Morillas. Durham: Duke University Press, 2002. miniature city. Famous for its salt mines Betanzos, Juan de. Narrative of the Incas. Trans. exploited since Inca times as a means of & edited by Roland Hamilton and Dana economic exchange. Buchanan. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996. Cieza de León, Pedro de. The Discovery and Conquest of Peru: Chronicles of the New World Encounter. Edited and translated by Alexandra Parma Cook and David N. Cook. Cobo, Bernabé. History of the : An Account of the Indian Customs. Trans. & edited by Roland Hamilton. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996. Cobo, Bernabé. Inca religion and customs. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990. Garcilaso de la Vega., Inca. Royal Commentaries of the Incas. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1960, 2 vols. Guaman Poma de Ayala, Felipe. A Letter to a King. London : Allen and Unwin, 1978. León Portilla, Miguel. The Broken Spears. Boston, 1962. Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pedro. The . Texas: The U of Texas P, 2007. Zárate, Agustín de. The Discovery and Conquest of Peru. Ed. and trans. Thomas Nicholas and David Bayron Thomas. London, Penguin Press [1933].

W E E K 3 Location: CUSCO Visit 15: Inca trails, a four-to-five day walk to the spectacular

Visit 16: Machu Picchu - Cusco This fabulous city contains houses, temples, warehouses, a large central square; and all connected by narrow roads and steps that are surrounded by terraces cut into the mountain side.