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Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Case Studies in Ecotourism 1 Z:\Customer\CABI\A4462 - Buckley\A4530 - Buckley - Final Revise #B.vp 18 March 2003 11:34:31 Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen 2 Z:\Customer\CABI\A4462 - Buckley\A4530 - Buckley - Final Revise #B.vp 18 March 2003 11:34:31 Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Case Studies in Ecotourism Ralf Buckley International Centre for Ecotourism Research Griffith University Gold Coast, Australia CABI Publishing 3 Z:\Customer\CABI\A4462 - Buckley\A4530 - Buckley - Final Revise #B.vp 18 March 2003 11:34:31 Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen CABI Publishing is a division of CAB International CABI Publishing CABI Publishing CAB International 44 Brattle Street Wallingford 4th Floor Oxon OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02138 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi-publishing.org ©CAB International 2003. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Buckley, Ralf. Case studies in ecotourism / Ralf Buckley. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-85199-665-5 (alk. paper) 1. Ecotourism. I. Title. G156.5.E26 B83 2003 338.4′791--dc21 2002015911 ISBN 0 85199 665 5 Typeset by AMA DataSet Ltd, UK. Printed and bound in the UK by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and King’s Lynn. 4 Z:\Customer\CABI\A4462 - Buckley\A4530 - Buckley - Final Revise #B.vp 26 March 2003 16:20:05 Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Contents Foreword xi Eugenio Yunis, WTO Foreword xiii Oliver Hillel, UNEP About this Book xv Acknowledgements xvii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Aims, Scope and Focus 1 Case Study Approach 2 Methods 5 Chapter 2 Africa 9 *Conservation Corporation Africa 9 *Phinda Private Game Reserve, South Africa 12 *Sabi Sabi Game Reserve, South Africa 13 *Chitwa Chitwa Reserve, South Africa 15 Chumbe Island Coral Park, Tanzania 15 *Ngala Lodge and Game Reserve, South Africa 16 *Bongani Mountain Lodge, South Africa 17 *Sandibe Lodge, Botswana 18 *Nxabega Lodge, Botswana 19 Kasanka National Park, Zambia 20 *Jack’s Camp, Botswana 20 Oliver’s Camp, Tanzania 22 * Cases audited by author. v 5 Z:\Customer\CABI\A4462 - Buckley\A4530 - Buckley - Final Revise #B.vp 18 March 2003 11:34:32 Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen vi Contents Wilderness Safaris, Southern Africa 23 *Chikwenya Camp, Zimbabwe 24 Cousin Island, Denis Island, Fregate Island, Seychelles 25 Dorobo Tours and Safaris, Tanzania 27 *Shearwater Adventures, Zimbabwe 27 *Adrift, Uganda 28 ADMADE, Zambia 29 CAMPFIRE, Zimbabwe 29 Casamance Village Tourism, Senegal 31 Eselenkei Conservation Area, Kenya 32 Spitzkoppe, Namibia 33 Khoadi Hoas Conservancy, Namibia 33 Nyae-Nyae Conservancy, Namibia 34 *National Parks, Kenya 35 KwaZulu-Natal Conservation Service, South Africa 35 Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa 37 Bwindi and *Mgahinga, Uganda 38 Busingiro, Uganda 42 Amani Nature Reserve, Tanzania 42 Kakum Canopy Walkway, Ghana 43 Parks and Tourism in Madagascar 44 Masaola Peninsula, Madagascar 45 Chapter 3 Asia–Pacific 46 Rapita Lodge, Solomon Islands 46 El Nido Resort, Palawan, Philippines 46 Turtle Island, Fiji 47 Abaca Village and Recreation Park, Fiji 48 *Salani Surf Resort, Samoa 49 Narayani Safari Hotel and Lodge, Nepal 50 Ulu Ai Longhouse, Sarawak 51 *World Expeditions, Nepal 52 Bina Swadaya Tours, Indonesia 54 *Ecotour Samoa 55 *Earth Science Expeditions, China 57 *SeaCanoe, South-East Asia 59 Rivers Fiji 60 *Tafua Canopy Walkway, Samoa 61 Tavoro Forest Park, Fiji 61 Community Ecotourism in the South Pacific Biodiversity Conservation Programme 62 Togian Islands, Indonesia 63 Mount Bromo, Indonesia 65 * Cases audited by author. 6 Z:\Customer\CABI\A4462 - Buckley\A4530 - Buckley - Final Revise #B.vp 18 March 2003 11:34:32 Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Contents vii Gunung Halimun, Indonesia 66 Mountain Tourism in Nepal 68 Kathmandu Environmental Education Project, Nepal 69 *Annapurna Conservation Area Project, Nepal 70 Upper Mustang, Nepal 74 Baghmara Community Forest, Nepal 77 Suba Olango Ecotourism Cooperative, Philippines 78 Noslek Arbor Canopy Walk, Philippines 79 Kanchanaburi Ecotourism Cooperative, Thailand 80 Coastal Kampung Tourism, Malaysia 80 Kuantan Fireflies, Malaysia 82 *Bardia National Park and Lodges, Nepal 82 Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal 83 Makalu-Barun National Park, Nepal 84 Gobi Gurbansaikhan, Mongolia 85 Kanha National Park, India 86 Tourism and National Parks in Vietnam 87 *Halong Bay, Vietnam 88 Rennell Island, Solomon Islands 89 Komodo National Park, Indonesia 90 Tangkoko DuaSudara, Indonesia 92 Khao Yai National Park, Thailand 93 Ecotourism Potential in Southern Thailand 93 Muthurajawela Wetlands, Sri Lanka 94 Chapter 4 Australia and New Zealand 95 *Earth Sanctuaries Ltd, Australia 95 Yellow-eyed Penguin Reserve, New Zealand 97 Fraser’s Selection, Land for Wildlife, Australia 98 Undara Experience, Australia 98 *Seven Spirit Bay, Australia 99 Broome Bird Observatory, Australia 100 Eco Beach Retreat, Australia 101 Pajinka Lodge, Australia 101 *O’Reilly’s Guesthouse, Australia 102 *Binna Burra Lodge, Australia 103 Crystal Creek Rainforest Retreat, Australia 104 *Silky Oaks Lodge, Australia 104 *Daintree Ecolodge, Australia 106 *Crocodylus Village, Australia 107 Lemonthyme Lodge, Australia 108 Jemby-Rinjah Lodge, Australia 108 *Arthur’s Pass Wilderness Lodge, New Zealand 108 * Cases audited by author. 7 Z:\Customer\CABI\A4462 - Buckley\A4530 - Buckley - Final Revise #B.vp 18 March 2003 11:34:32 Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen viii Contents Discovery Ecotours, Australia 109 LANDSCOPE Expeditions, Australia 110 Desert Tracks, Central Australia 110 Umorrduk Safaris, Australia 111 *Southern Sea Ventures, Australia 111 *World Expeditions, Rafting and Sea-kayaking, Australia 112 *Taka Dive, Australia 114 Great Adventures Reef Cruises, Australia 115 *Quicksilver Connections, Australia 115 Reef Biosearch, Australia 116 Australian Trust for Conservation Volunteers (ATCV) and Nomad Backpackers 116 Manyallaluk, Australia 117 *Waitomo Glow Worm Caves, New Zealand 117 *Jenolan Caves Reserve, Australia 118 Royal Albatross Colony, Taiaroa Head, New Zealand 118 *Phillip Island Penguin Reserve, Australia 119 *Green Mountain Canopy Walkway, Australia 120 *Great Barrier Reef, Australia 121 *Coral Reef Monitoring Programme, Australia 122 Montague Island Nature Reserve Tours, Australia 123 *Rottnest Island, Australia 124 Naracoorte Caves, Australia 125 Hamelin Stromatolites, Australia 125 *Uluru–Kata Tjuta, Australia 126 Mon Repos Turtles, Australia 127 Tree Top Walk, Australia 128 *Tahune Airwalk, Australia 129 Chapter 5 South and Central America 130 Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica 130 Fazenda Rio Negro, Brazil 131 Una Ecopark, Brazil 131 Chaa Creek Ltd, Belize 132 Wekso Ecolodge, Panama 132 Rara Avis, Costa Rica 133 Chalalan Ecolodge, Bolivia 133 Posada Amazonas and *Tambopata Reserve and Research Centre, Peru 134 Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Brazil 135 Pousada Caiman, Brazil 136 Ixcan Biological Station, Mexico 136 * Cases audited by author. 8 Z:\Customer\CABI\A4462 - Buckley\A4530 - Buckley - Final Revise #B.vp 18 March 2003 11:34:32 Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Contents ix Costa Rica Expeditions, Costa Rica 137 Horizontes, Costa Rica 137 *Jatapu River, Brazil 138 *Expediciones Chile, Patagonia 139 Community Baboon Sanctuary, Belize 141 Mapajo Project, Bolivia 143 Toledo Ecotourism Association, Belize 143 Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary, Belize 144 Quichua Communities, Ecuador 145 RICANCIE and the Napo Runa, Ecuador 147 TROPIC and the Huaorani, Ecuador 148 The Cofan and Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve, Ecuador 150 Ecomaya, Guatemala 151 San Pedro Volcano, Guatemala 152 Tela Ecotourism Project, Honduras 153 Huascaran National Park, Peru 154 Atlantic Coastal Forest, Brazil 155 Cuatro Cienegas, Mexico 157 The Monarch Butterfly and Mountain Ecotourism, Mexico 157 *Galapagos Islands, Ecuador 158 Chapter 6 North America and Europe 164 Redberry Pelican Project, Canada 164 Maho Bay, Virgin Islands, USA 165 *Betchart Expeditions, USA 166 *Aurum Lodge, Canada 166 Touristik Union International, Germany 169 Watchable Wildlife, California, USA 170 EarthFoot Travel, USA 171 Baikal Watch, Russia 172 Dersu Uzala, Russia 172 Beluga Whale Watch, St Lawrence River, Canada 173 *NOLS Seakayak, Prince William Sound, Alaska 174 *Natural Habitat Adventures, Polar Bear Tours, Canada 176 Soufli Forest Reserve, Greece 181 Prespa, Greece 182 *Backcountry Camping, Denali National Park, Alaska 183 Karelia, Russia 185 Russian Zapovedniks 185 Chapter 7 Arctic and Antarctic 186 Antarctic Tourism 186 * Cases audited by author. 9 Z:\Customer\CABI\A4462 - Buckley\A4530 - Buckley - Final Revise #B.vp 18 March 2003 11:34:32 Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen x Contents *Explorer Shipping, Antarctica 188 Arctic Tourism 190 *Aurora Expeditions, Svalbard 191 Chapter 8 Test Cases 194 *Couran Cove Resort, Australia 194 *Kingfisher Bay Resort, Australia 195 Green Island Resort, Australia 197 *Island Tourism, Maldives 199 *Canadian Mountain Holidays 204 *Himachal Helicopter Skiing, India 206 Overseas Adventure Travel,