THE JOURNEY OF MAN MODERN HOMO SAPIENS ARE TRACED TO ABOUT 60,000 YEARS AGO AND MIGRATORY PATHS PROVEN IN 2002 BY A GROUP OF AMERICAN GENETICISTS AND SCIENTISTS LED BY DR. SPENCER WELLS OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY MADE PUBLIC A TEN YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT. THEY FOLLOWED THE MALE “Y” CHROMOSOME AND THE GENETIC MARKERS IN NUCLEAR DNA TO TRACE THE CRADLE OF MANKIND TO CENTRAL AFRICA AND THE VILLAGE OF SAN WHICH IS NEAR RUNDU, NAMIBIA AND CONFIRMING THE “OUT OF AFRICA HYPOTHESIS”. ANOTHER GROUP OF 55,000 SANS PEOPLE PRESENTLY LIVING ALSO RESIDE IN BOTSWANA. TWO THOUSAND GENERATIONS BACK OR APPROXIMATELY 50,000 YEARS AGO THEY DISCOVERED THE DECENDENTS OF THE OLDEST TRIBE IN AFRICA AND THE BEGINNING OF MODERN MAN BASED ON COLLECTED NUCLEAR DNA AND GENETIC MARKERS FROM THOUSANDS OF BLOOD SAMPLES FROM POPULATIONS AROUND THE WORLD. SOME OF THESE SAME PEOPLE ‘SANS BUSHMEN’ WITH A POPULATION AT THAT TIME OF ABOUT 10,000 TOTAL AND THEIR DECENDENTS MOVED 1200 MILES SOUTH AND EAST IN AFRICA AND THEN PROCEED TO FOLLOW THE COASTLINE NORTH AND EASTWARD TO INDIA AND THEN ON DOWN THE COASTLINES TO SOUTHEAST ASIA TO AUSTRALIA. THEY VERIFIED ONE OF THE OLDEST SETTLEMENTS ON THE WEST SIDE OF MADERAI, INDIA ABOUT 200 MILES NORTH OF THE COASTLINE TO MATCH THE “Y” CHROMOSOME OF THE CENTRAL AFRICANS AND A VERIFICATION WAS ALSO PROVIDED ON THE AUSTRALIAN MONGO ABORIGINE PEOPLE DNA TO BE ON A TIMELINE ABOUT 10,000 YEARS AFTER THE CENTRAL AFRICANS. ANOTHER MIGRATION WAS HAPPENING ABOUT 35,000 YEARS AGO THAT PLACES THE DNA GENETIC MARKER TO THE MIDDLE EAST WHERE IT SPLITS AND SOME GO SOUTH TO INDIA AND SOME CONTINUE TO MOVE NORTHEAST TO KAZIKSTAN WHERE THEY FIND THE OLDEST LINEAGES IN CENTRAL ASIA. OVER TWO THOUSAND BLOOD SAMPLES WERE TAKEN IN KAZIKSTAN TO FIND THE NEAZOV’S FAMILY DNA MARKERS THAT LINKS TO AFRICA WITH THE SAME MUTATION THAT SHOWS UP IN ALL PEOPLES THAT MIGRATED FROM CENTRAL ASIA TO THE REST OF THE WORLD. IT TOOK 10,000 YEARS FOR THE MIGRATION TO MOVE OUT OF AFRICA TO THE MIDDLE EAST AND THEN TO INDIA AND CHINA. THESE GENETICISTS DETERMINED THAT BOTH CHINA AND INDIA WERE GETTING TWO MIGRATION FLOWS AT THE SAME TIME AND THIS MOST PROBABLY CONTRIBUTES TO THESE TWO COUNTRIES BEING THE LARGEST POPULATED COUNTRIES ON EARTH WITH EACH REACHING OR SURPASSING ONE BILLION PEOPLE AT PRESENT. THE NUCLEAR DNA MARKERS SHOWED THAT THE KAZIKSTAN CONNECTION IS THE SAME GENETIC MARKER THAT CONNECTS THE ANCESTORS OF ALMOST ALL EUROPEAN, RUSSIAN, NATIVE AMERICAN, AND NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICAN PEOPLES. THE CRO-MAGNONS LIVED IN CENTRAL ASIA AND WERE THOUGHT TO HAVE BEEN CUTOFF AND ISOLATED BY THE ICE AGE AND THIS CAUSED PROGRESSIVE PHYSICAL CHANGES AND SKILLS CHANGES AS THEY HAD TO COPE IN A TRAPPED ENVIRONMENT. THE SAME TIME TWO MIGRATION TRAILS LED FROM THE MIDDLE EAST IN A PINCHER FORM WITH THE TWO PINCHER TRAILS TO NORTHEAST ASIA (CHINA) AND ONE SEPARATE MIGRATION TRAIL THAT LED THROUGH NORTHEAST RUSSIA VIA THE BERING STRAITS AND ALASKA DURING THE ICE AGE ABOUT 15,000 YEARS AGO. THIS WAS TRACED TO THE CHUKCHI PEOPLE WHO LIVE ABOUT 200 KILOMETERS INSIDE THE ARCTIC CIRCLE AND WHOSE LIVES WERE/ARE TIED CLOSELY TO THE REINDEER HERDS AND THIS MIGRATION CONTINUED FOR TWO THOUSAND MORE YEARS TO THE AMERICAS WHERE ABOUT 13,000 YEARS AGO THE NAVAJO INDIANS ARE ALSO VERIFIED BY NUCLEAR DNA “Y” CHROMOSOME MATCHING TO THE CENTRAL AFRICAN BEGINNING. THEY ESTIMATE ONLY ABOUT 10 PEOPLE SURVIVED THE FIERCE WINTERS, DROUGHTS, ICE AGE, STORMS, WILD ANIMALS AND FAMINE TO MAKE THE FIRST ENTRANCE TO THE AMERICAS THROUGH THE ALASKA CONNECTION AND THESE PEOPLE AND/OR DECENDENTS CONTINUED TO MIGRATE AND POPULATE SOUTH THRU LATIN AMERICA ON DOWN SOUTH TO BRAZIL. THESE SCIENTISTS FOLLOWED THE PATHS OF MIGRATION FROM CENTRAL AFRICA TO INDIA, AUSTRALIA, CENTRAL ASIA, NORTHEAST ASIA, NORTHEAST RUSSIA, ALASKA, AND THE AMERICAS TO RIO DE JANERO AND TIERRA DEL FUEGO IN A DOCUMENTARY FOR NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC IN 2002. TO DATE, THIS IS THE MOST SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE AVAILABLE FOR THE HISTORY OF MANKIND. WE ARE ALL LITERALLY AFRICANS UNDER THE SKIN WITH 2000 PLUS GENERATIONS THAT SEPARATE US FROM OUR ANCESTORS, THE SANS BUSHMEN, WHO STILL LIVE IN THE SAME AREA AND SPEAK A UNIQUE CLICK-SOUND TYPE OF LANGUAGE THAT WAS THOUGHT TO HAVE BEEN SPOKEN ON A MORE ELEMENTARY SCALE IN CENTRAL AFRICA 60,000 YEARS AGO. THIS DOES NOT RULE OUT THE FACT MODERN HUMANS PRECEDED THE SANS BUSHMEN. THE FACT IS, OTHER MODERN HUMAN POPULATIONS DID LIVE FROM POSSIBLY 110,000 YEARS EARLIER BUT THESE EARLIER POPULATIONS (POSSIBLY INCLUDING THE LEGENDARY ADAM AND EVE) DID NOT SURVIVE AND WERE SHOWN TO NOT BE EVIDENCED IN THE DNA ANALYSIS CONTRIBUTING TO OUR ANCESTORS MIGRATIONS AROUND THE WORLD BEGINNING ABOUT 60,000 YEARS AGO ORIGINATING FROM THE SAN PEOPLE FROM THE AFRICAN RIFT VALLEY. THE MIGRATIONS TO THE AMERICAS BEGINNING IN THE 15TH AND 16TH CENTURIES BY WAY OF THE ATLANTIC AND THE PACIFIC OCEANS ARE NOT DEPICTED HERE AS WELL AS THE MILLIONS AND MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WHO MIGRATED TO THE AMERICAS DURING THE 17TH THROUGH THE 20TH CENTURIES. THE SPREAD OF THE “Y” CHROMOSOME LINEAGES AROUND THE WORLD ARE AS FOLLOWS: M168 DATES BACK ABOUT 60,000 YEARS; M130 DATES TO ABOUT 50,000 YEARS AGO; M89 ABOUT 45,000 YEARS AGO; M9 ABOUT 40,000 YEARS AGO; M175 AND M45 ABOUT 35,000 YEARS AGO; M173 AND M20 ABOUT 30,000 YEARS AGO; M242 ABOUT 20,000 YEARS AGO; AND M3, M172, M17, AND M122 DATES BACK ABOUT 10,000 YEARS OR MORE. Recorded history shows by 40-20,000 BC Neanderthals and modern man have followed coastal and river migration over most of the earth and as the ice age glaciers retreated man followed the lush vegetation springing up a very short time after the first rays of sun are absorbed. The water levels around the earth were estimated 4-8 feet lower allowing more land surface area for connecting to the next land mass. More sophisticated tools and fire management improved food attainment moving from nuts and berries to more protein laden fish and cooked meats derived from the hunting and fishing. Beginning about 20,000 years ago when new migration was at its height, and after the hard living, learning, trial and error experiences our pre-historic and historic ancestors miraculously endured, we find the story of our much disadvantaged ancestors begin to unfold. From the first hieroglyphics and the earliest writings and recordings of mankind’s most famous places, events, accomplishments, failures, hopes and dreams we can only look back in amazement. Here are the stories, facts, and passed down through the age’s information we trust to be the most accurate depiction of our ancestor’s short and very tough lives. For human beings to impose on other human beings, no matter what the good intentions, they will innately spread a venomous hatred all human beings understand. We are clearly the most advantaged earthlings and our government leaders don’t seem to understand nor appreciate learning from the history before us. Even though every cautious measure must be accounted for to prevent human and physical error, there remains a measure of human to human trust binding every endeavor. Eventually this must be learned to eliminate fear and the use of fear as a weapon to motivate support. Our ancestors never had enough information to have a chance at peace. Our generation has more information and knowledge to convince the world of the future, and it is not at the point of a gun or a missile. For everyone on earth to learn this method brings chaos and terrorism. Read on to discover where our ancestors came from and where all of our relatives remained living for thousands of generations. The biggest printing presses for money do not give a government the right to impose on the rest of the world. Our present government did not earn the right; our ancestors earned the right and prudently warned us against this imperialistic and self righteous thinking. We are discovering how an unbridled capitalism can misguide a democracy and seemingly impossible to regain a rightful path. A God fearing disposition is succumbing to the disease of greed, failing the world, and creating self defeating incentives and rewards only point in one direction, the bullying wrong direction following the increase in sales instead of the increase in humility. We must communicate verifiable trust to alleviate hanging fear to become aware of self defeating greed. About ten thousand years ago, the inhabitants of Mesopotamia (centered about modern Iraq) began using distinctively shaped clay tokens- spheres, disks, cones, cylinders, triangles, among others- to keep track of foodstuffs, livestock, and land. 9,600BC-8,500BC Some dozen villages piled one on top of the other occupied the site of Jerf el-Ahmar at a bend of the Euphrates River. In 1999 Syria flooded the area under the Tishrin Dam. 9,500BC-6,100BC The Neolithic site of Abu Hureyra, 40 miles downstream from Jerf el- Ahmar, Syria, was flooded under the waters of the Taqba Dam in the 1970s. 9,400BC-9,200BC In 2006 researchers reported the discovery of nine carbonized fig fruits stored in Gilgal I, an early Neolithic village, located in the Lower Jordan Valley, which dated to this time. 6,200BC The archeological record shows traces of domesticated cattle back to this time. The development of irrigation in Mesopotamia at this time seems to coincide with a cool dry period. 6,000BC A more advanced Neolithic people migrated to Europe from the Middle East bringing with them a new Y chromosome pattern and an agricultural way of life.