DOCSLIB.ORG

A Dictionary of Dehong, Southwest China

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Dictionary of Dehong, Southwest China A dictionary of Dehong, Southwest China Luo, Y. A dictionary of Dehong, Southwest China. C-145, xl + 338 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1999. DOI:10.15144/PL-C145.cover ©1999 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFIC LINGUISTICS FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: Malcolm D. Ross and Darrell T. Tryon (Managing Editors), John Bowden, Thomas E. Dutton, Andrew K. Pawley Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in linguistic de�criptions, dictionaries, atlases and other material on languages of the Pacific, the Philippines, Indonesia and Southeast Asia. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications ar� drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Pacific Linguistics is associated with the Research School of P cific and Asian Studies at The Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics was establi hed in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund. It is a non-profit-maki g body financed largely from the sales of its books to libraries and individuals throughout th world, with some assistance from the School. The Editorial Board of Pacific Linguistics is made up of the �cadernic staff of the School's Department of Linguistics. The Board also appoints a body of editorial advisors drawn from the international communityof linguists. Publications in Series A, B and C and textbooks in Series D are refereed by scholars with relevant expertise who are normally not members of the editorial board. To date Pacific Linguistics has published over 400 volumes in four series: • Series A: Occasional Papers; collections of shorter papers, usually on a single topic or area. • Series B: Monographs of intermediate length. • Series C: Books; publications of greater length, espec ally reference books such as dictionaries and grammars, and conference pr< ceedings. • Series D: Special Publications; including archival n aterials, pedagogical works, maps, audiovisual productions, and materials that do not fit into the other series. Pacific Linguistics would like to assure prospective Australi� authors and readers that it qualifies as a commercial publisher for The Department 0 Education, Training and Youth Affairs (DETYA) purposes in measuring research 0 tput. Series C, Volume 145 A dictionary of Dehong, Southwest China Compiled by Luo Y ongxian Pacific Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University Canberra Published by Pacific Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University PO Box 1428 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Copyright © The author First published 1999 National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Luo, Y ongxian A dictionary of Dehong, Southwest China. Bibliography. ISSN 0078-7558 ISBN 0 85883 496 0 l.Te-hung Tai language - Dictionaries - English. 1. Australian National University. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies. Pacific Linguistics. II. Title. (Series: Pacific Linguistics. Series C-145). 495.9103 Copyedited by Joan Birnie Typeset by Jeanette Coombes Map work by The Cartography Unit, RSPAS, ANU Printed by ANU Printing Service, Canberra Bound by F & M Perfect Bookbinding, Canberra The Pacific Linguistics logo was designed by Ian Scales after one small panel of a para batuna from Vella Lavella, held in the Australian Museum (A8S17). This is an artefact made from a plaque of fossilised giant clam shell (Tridacna sp.), carved into an elaborate fretwork design. These particular artefacts were made in the western Solomon Islands, probably between 100 and 200 years ago. The basic cover design is also by Ian Scales. The motif was drawn by Malcolm Ross after the stylised representation of a design on Lapita pottery found by Roger Green in the Reefs-Santa Cruz Islands (source: Matthew Spriggs (ed.), Lapita design, form and composition. Canberra: Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University.) TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix MAP: DEHONG-SPEAKING AREA IN YUNNAN, CHINA x INTRODUCTION xi 1. BACKGROUND xi 2. A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF DEHONG TAl xii 2.1 Dehong Tai phonemic inventory xiii 2.1.1 Consonants xiii 2.1.2 Vowels xiii 2.1.3 Phonemic tones xiv 2.2 Some phonetic features of Dehong xiv 2.2.1 Consonant alternations xiv 2.2.2 Vowel alternations xvii 2.2.3 Tone alternations xvii 2.2.4 Contracted forms xix 2.3 Lexicon xx 2.3.1 Word formation xx 2.3.2 Mirror expressions xxiii 2.3.3 Four-syllable expressions xxiii 2.4 Grammatical notes xxiv 2.4.1 Nominals and noun phrase components xxiv 2.4.2 Verbs and verb phrase components xxv 3. DEHONG ORTHOGRAPHY XXVI 3.1 Introduction xxvi 3.2 The New Script xxvii 3.3 The New and Old Scripts compared xxviii 4. DEHONG TAl: A HISTORICAL-COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE xxx 4.1 Initial consonants xxx 4.1.1 Patternsof regular sound change xxxi 4.2.2 Merger xxxv 4.2.3 Split xxxv vii viii 4.2 Tones xxxv 4.2.1 Tone merger xxxv 4.2.2 Tone split xxxvi 4.3 Loanwords xxxvii 4.4 What position does Dehong hold in Tai? xxxvii 4.4.1 Problems for Li's classification: some examples xxxvii 4.4.2 The link between Dehong and Tai Phake: some im lications xxxviii REFERENCES XXX1X DEHONG DICTIONARY 1 ENGLISH-DEHONG FINDERLIST 253 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book has been published with the support of grants from the National Thai Studies Centre at The Australian National University, and from the Chiang Chingkuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange. Work on the dictionary began in 1993 as part of the author's PhD project on comparative Tai. Final editing was carried out in 1997 when the author was undertaking postdoctoral research at the Southeast Asia Centre, The Australian National University, funded by the Chiang Chingkuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange for three years (1995-1998). Dr Anthony V.N. Diller of the Faculty of Asian Studies, The Australian National University, has provided valuable help and guidance throughout the project. Joan Birnie, the copyeditor, has helped clarify a number of points. To all the individuals and institutions the author wishes to express his sincerest thanks. ix x / .. I BURMA .i ;'.. '/ . " . eMyikina l) .i i eTengchong I . ":/ - f· i e Lianghe .i . " •/ Yingjiang e .J Longlin e .f Dehong Dai - Jingpo A. P. '\ HINA \. J'". Luxi (Mangshi) e \. \ 1 . .J e Longchuan Yunn n Province !. � _./ . ·/ tI . e Wanding , .- ..... / Ruili e ._"-' . "' .". e Zhenkang . e e Lincang ._ ..... .. _ .. _ .. _ ..' . , .' . _ . '. e engma \ i \ . BURMA _ \ . 1 e Cang uan e Lashio eMongmau i . -......... " . ., ./ i . eMenglian I .. .... , Sipson panna Dai A. P. \. \ ..........., . , Jinghong e ...... .. _ .. : ,CHINA INTRODUCTION 1. BACKGROUND Dehong Tai, also referred to as Chinese Shan, is the language of a minority group in the western part of Yunnan Province in the Sino-Burmese border area of Southwestern China. The name Dehong is a transliteration of the term tatixorJ (ta.r/ 'bottom; under; the lower part [of]' + xorJ 'the Hong River [Nujiang in Chinese], i.e. the Salween River') meaning 'the lower reaches of the Lu River' and referring to the Counties of Luxi, Yingjiang, Longchuan, Ruili and Lianghe and the town of Wanding (1llJirlilT) administered by the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province.l Speakers of Dehong Tai call themselves taPla6, literally 'upper or northern Tai',2 a small number referring to themselves as taj2tai4 'lower Tai'. Surrounded by the Jingpo, Achang, Lisu, Benglong, Bai and Yi, all of Tibeto-Burman stock, Dehong is reported to have over a quarter of a million speakers according to the 1982 Chinese census.3 The area is also inhabited by a number of other Tai dialect speakers such as White Tai, Shan, Po-ai and Zhuang, some of which have distinct written scripts. About a dozen dialects with the indigenous self-reference term 'Tai' still remain to be investigated (WU pers. comm.; Wang 1984). A member of the Tai language family, Dehong Tai has much in common with Tai varieties spoken in Assam, India. Other closely related dialects are Tai Mau, a Shan dialect spoken in eastern Burma on the Sino-Burmese border, and Tai Nuea (or Tai Niia), which is also spoken in that area. Alternatively, 'Tai Niia' may be used as a cover term, that is, as the equivalent of Chinese Shan. While its speakers are officially recognised as a minority nationality and administratively classified with Tai Lue or Sipsongpanna as Dai ( {l ),4 Dehong Tai exhibits substantial differences from these latter languages. Mutual unintelligibility is reported to exist between the two (Wu pers. comm.), although they are of close genetic affinity and share a large number of cognates. There has been a debate about the meaning of this term; see Wijeyewardene (1990:27-28) and the references cited there. 2 Also called Tai-Nuea, which should be distinguished from Tai Lue (pronounced as taP 1ft in Dehong) or Sipsongpanna Tai spoken in the south of Yunnan. Other names, such as Bai-yi, have been used by earlier Chinese scholars (see Luo & Xing 1950), but this invites confusion with Yi, a dialect of Tibeto-Burman stock. See also fn .l. 3 The 1990 government census reported that there were altogether over a million Dai (Tai) speakers in Yunnan, including other Tai varieties. No precise figure of Dehong speakers was given. 4 See Luo (1993) for a more recent account of Tai dialects in this area. xi xii Dehong Tai has a distinctive Indic-based script, recen y reformed by the Chinese authorities. No evidence is available as to the historical origin s of this script, although it is claimed to date back to the Ming Dynasty of the 14th century AD (Yang 1987:4).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2011 06 Kamus Saku Tado 1A
    Nama angka : 1 saungu satu one 2 roungu dua two 3 toluongu tiga three 4 aopo empat four 5 alima lima five 6 aono enam six 7 papitu tujuh seven 8 uwalu delapan eight 9 sasio sembilan nine 10 sampulu sepuluh ten 11 sampulu saungu sebelas eleven 12 sampulu roungu duabelas twelve 13 sampulu toluongu tigabelas thirteen 14 sampulu aopo empat belas fourteen 15 sampulu alima lima belas fifteen 16 sampulu aono enam belas sixteen 17 sampulu papitu tujuh belas seventeen 18 sampulu uwalu delapan belas eighteen 19 sampulu sasio sembilan belas nineteen 20 rompulu dua puluh twenty 30 tolu mpulu tiga puluh thirty 40 aopo mpulu empat puluh forty 50 lima mpulu lima puluh fifty 60 aono mpulu enam puluh sixty 70 pitu mpulu tujuh puluh seventy 80 walu mpulu delapan puluh eighty 90 sio mpulu sembilan puluh ninety 100 saatu seratus one hundred 200 roatu dua ratus two hundred 300 toluatu tiga ratus three hundred 400 opoatu empat ratus four hundred 500 limatu lima ratus five hundred 600 aonoatu enam ratus six hundred 700 pituatu tujuh ratus seven hundred 800 waluatu delapan ratus eight hundred 900 sioatu sembilan ratus nine hundred 1000 sanjobu seribu one thousand Nama hari : eo Minggu hari Minggu Sunday eo Sinei hari Senin Monday eo Salasa hari Selasa Tuesday eo Rabu hari Rabu Wednesday eo Kamisi hari Kamis Thursday eo Jumaa hari Jum'at Friday eo Satu hari Sabtu Saturday Nama bulan : Wula Saungu Januari January Wula Roungu Februari February Wula Tuluongu Maret March Wula Aopongu April April Wula Limaongu Mei May Wula Aonongu Juni June Wula Pituongu Juli July Wula Waluongu Agustus August Wula Siongu September September Wula Sampuluongu Oktober October Wula Sampulu Saungu November November Wula Sampulu Roungu Desember December KAMUS SAKU BAHASA TADO-LINDU — INDONESIA — INGGRIS Disusun oleh Tim Kerja Pengembangan Bahasa Tado-Lindu: Bance Tarua Erik Pengei, S.Pd.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the CCOP-GSJ-DGR Groundwater Project Phase III Meeting 13-15 February 2019, Chiang Mai, Thailand
    CCOP-GSJ Groundwater Project Report GW-9 Report of the CCOP-GSJ-DGR Groundwater Project Phase III Meeting 13-15 February 2019, Chiang Mai, Thailand Technical Report of the CCOP-GSJ Groundwater Project Phase III COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) in cooperation with GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF JAPAN (GSJ), AIST Published by Geological Survey of Japan and CCOP Technical Secretariat Youhei Uchida (Chief Editor) I. PREFACE Groundwater is one of the limited natural resources on the earth. Mainly due to ignorance about its importance, humans have caused various groundwater issues by their activities especially in the late 20th century. Today, land subsidence, seawater intrusion, and groundwater pollution by toxic substances are serious problems everywhere in the world. The countries in the East and Southeast Asia also have faced many groundwater problems which need international cooperation to be solved. The CCOP-GSJ Groundwater Project was launched aiming to provide some solutions for groundwater management in the CCOP region. The Groundwater Project Phase III started in February 2015 aiming at the development of groundwater database in the CCOP region and three groups, the DB Groups I and II, and the Public Policy Group were formed to promote the project smoothly. The CCOP-GSJ-DGR Groundwater Project Phase III Meeting was held in Chiang Mai, Thailand on 13-15 February 2019. It was the final project meeting for the Phase III and attended by 27 participants from Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and the CCOP Technical Secretariat. In the meeting, participants confirmed the progress of the project from March 2018 to February 2019, and discussed the outcome of the Phase III including the publication of this technical report (GW-9).
    [Show full text]
  • PARADIGMA ISSN 2549-600X Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Humaniora STKIP Hatta-Sjahrir
    Volume 3, Februari, 2017 PARADIGMA ISSN 2549-600X Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Humaniora STKIP Hatta-Sjahrir ORANG BANDA DALAM PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH MARITIM USMAN THALIB Dosen Pendidikan Sejarah STKIP Hatta-Sjahrir Email: [email protected] ABSTRAK Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan sejarah maritim dengan fokus masalah pada bagaimana orang-orang Banda memanfaatkan laut dalam kaitannya dengan perdagangan antar pulau, armada pelayaran dan teknologi penangkapan ikan. untuk mendapatkan gambaran historis dari ketiga aspek tersebut digunakan paradigma penelitian kualitatif dengan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa; (i) orang-orang Banda telah menggunakan laut sebagai sarana perdagangan antar pulau sejak sebelum abad ke-16. Perdagangan antar pulau itu melalui kota-kota pesisir di pantai utara Jawa, pantai timur sumatera dan terus ke Malaka. Bahkan mereka memiliki pemukiman tersendiri Di Malaka. Armada dagang orang-orang Banda tidak tidak saja mengangkut pala dan fuli dari Banda Neira, tetapi juga mengangkut cengkih dari Ternate dan di antar pulaukan sampai ke Malaka. (ii) Armada pelayaran orang-orang Banda terdiri dari berbagai jenis untuk berbagai kepentingan. Armada pelayaran samudera untuk kepentingan perdagangan antar pulau, sedangkan armada pelayaran pesisir untuk kepentingan penangkapan ikan.(iii) Tenologi penangkapan ikan orang-orang Banda terdiri dari berbagai jenis alat pancing, berbagai jenis jaring dan berbagai jenis perangkap. Hasil tangkapan selain dipasarkan di pasar lokal, juga diantar- pulaukan ke kota Ambon, Seram bagian Selatan dan Tual di Maluku Tenggara. Kata Kunci: Maritim, Pelayaran, Perdagangan 28 Volume 3, Februari, 2017 PARADIGMA ISSN 2549-600X Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Humaniora STKIP Hatta-Sjahrir PENDAHULUAN Hingga kini belum terlalu banyak sejarawan Indonesia yang memberi perhatian khusus terhadap aspek-aspek kemaritiman di Indonesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Assessing Indonesia's Role in the South China
    ISSUE: 2016 NO. 18 ISSN 2335-6677 RESEARCHERS AT ISEAS – YUSOF ISHAK INSTITUTE SHARE THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF CURRENT EVENTS Singapore | 21 April 2016 Re-Assessing Indonesia’s Role in the South China Sea By Donald E. Weatherbee* EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The March 19, 2016, incident at sea between Indonesia and China provides a new opportunity to reassess Indonesia’s strategy to manage its maritime interests in the South China Sea area. Since 1993 Indonesia has sought through diplomacy to manage its issue with China over sovereign rights and jurisdiction in its EEZ while not disturbing the other areas of its relations with China. It continues to insist it has no territorial dispute in the South China Sea and to offer the possibility of becoming a mediator. Attempts to reframe the EEZ problem as a bilateral Indonesia-China fisheries issue ignore the core of the problem: China’s ultimate objectives in the region. The confrontation with China is a challenge to Jokowi’s vision of Indonesia as a Global Maritime Axis. More than three decades of ASEAN’s attempt to persuade China to abide by a normative framework for state behavior in the South China Sea have been fruitless. Until Indonesian policy recognizes and Indonesia acts in the context of its shared interests with other Southeast Asian maritime states outside of ASEAN institutional positions, it can be expected that China’s policy of subordinating Indonesia’s and the other South China Sea bordering states’ national interests to China’s regional ambitions will continue. * Donald E. Weatherbee is Visiting Professorial Fellow at ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute and Russell Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University of South Carolina, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Universitas Indonesia Kajian Perahu Tradisional
    UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA KAJIAN PERAHU TRADISIONAL NUSANTARA DI MUSEUM BAHARI, JAKARTA UTARA (Proses Produksi Pesan Tentang Teknologi Perahu) SKRIPSI ELYMART JASTRO 0705030139 PROGRAM STUDI ARKEOLOGI FAKULTAS ILMU PENGETAHUAN BUDAYA DEPOK JULI 2010 Kajian perahu..., Elymart Jastro, FIB UI, 2010 UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA KAJIAN PERAHU TRADISIONAL NUSANTARA DI MUSEUM BAHARI, JAKARTA UTARA (Proses Produksi Pesan Tentang Teknologi Perahu) SKRIPSI Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Humaniora ELYMART JASTRO 0705030139 PROGRAM STUDI ARKEOLOGI FAKULTAS ILMU PENGETAHUAN BUDAYA DEPOK JULI 2010 Kajian perahu..., Elymart Jastro, FIB UI, 2010 SURAT PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIARISME Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini dengan sebenarnya menyatakan bahwa skripsi ini saya susun tanpa tindakan plagiarisme sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku di Universitas Indonesia. Jika kemudian hari ternyata saya melakukan tindakan plagiarisme, saya akan bertanggung jawab sepenuhnya dan menerima sanksi yang dijatuhkan oleh Universitas Indonesia kepada saya. Depok, Juli 2010 Elymart Jastro Kajian perahu..., Elymart Jastro, FIB UI, 2010 ii HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS Skripsi ini adalah hasil karya saya sendiri, dan semua sumber baik yang dikutip maupun dirujuk telah saya nyatakan dengan benar. Nama : Elymart Jastro NPM : 0705030139 Tanda tangan: Tanggal : Juli 2010 Kajian perahu..., Elymart Jastro, FIB UI, 2010 iii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN Skripsi ini diajukan oleh : Nama : Elymart Jastro NPM : 0705030139 Program Studi : Arkeologi Judul : KAJIAN PERAHU TRADISIONAL NUSANTARA DI MUSEUM BAHARI, JAKARTA UTARA (Proses Produksi Pesan Tentang Teknologi Perahu) ini telah berhasil dipertahankan di hadapan Dewan Penguji dan diterima sebagai bagian persyaratan yang diperlukan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Humaniora pada Program Studi Arkeologi, Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya, Universitas Indonesia DEWAN PENGUJI Pembimbing : Dr. Kresno Yulianto ( ) Penguji : Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Newsletter
    Encouraging knowledge and enhancing the study of Asia iias.asia 81 The Newsletter Building the New Silk Road The Focus A collective and interdisciplinary analysis of social progress Building material knowledge through conservation in Indonesia Celebrating 25 years of the International Institute for Asian Studies 2 Contents From the Director In this edition 3 Second Africa-Asia Conference in of the Focus Dar es Salaam: Boundless Circulation of Knowledge 29-40 IIAS celebrates 25 years 4-5 A number of special activities have been planned for the upcoming year in honour of IIAS’s 25th anniversary. The Study 7 6- Imaginaries of Jurong Industrial Estate, Singapore A collective and Loh Kah Seng 8 The lingering corpse in the Chinese urban Qin Shao interdisciplinary 9 A besieged artist: Hal Wichers in the Netherlands Indies Louis Zweers analysis of social 10-11 China’s country music: China wind Milan Ismangil progress The Region 12-14 China Connections Olivier Bouin The recent decades have seen a decline in 15-17 News from Northeast Asia 18-19 News from Southeast Asia world poverty and an extension of democracy 20-23 News from Australia and the Pacific in many countries around the world. Nevertheless, many people have the feeling that this has also been a period of social setbacks, and there is a The Review general atmosphere of skepticism regarding the 524-2 New reviews on newbooks.asia possibility of long-term substantial social progress. 26-27 Selected reviews from newbooks.asia A new report compiled by the International Panel 28 New titles on newbooks.asia on Social Progress (IPSP) seeks to gain insights into what the current main risks and challenges The Focus are, and how institutions and policies can be 29 A collective and interdisciplinary analysis improved if the plagues of inequality, segregation, of social progress intolerance, exclusion and violence are to be fought.
    [Show full text]
  • Programs in .HD / 4K
    .HD / 4K. Programs in October 2018 DW Transtel is your source for captivating documentaries and a range of exciting programming from the heart of Europe. Whether you are interested in science, nature and the environment, history, the arts, culture and music, or current affairs, DW Transtel has hundreds of programs on offer in English, Spanish and Arabic. Versions in other languages including French, German, Portuguese and Russian are available for selected programs. DW Transtel is part of Deutsche Welle, Germany’s international broadcaster, which has been producing quality television programming for decades. Tune in to the best programming from Europe --- tune in to DW Transtel. Browse our catalog and find the content you are looking for: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY MEDICINE NATURE ENVIRONMENT ECONOMICS AGRICULTURE WORLD ISSUES HISTORY ARTS CULTURE PEOPLE PLACES CHILDREN YOUTH SPORTS MOTORING MUSIC FICTION ENTERTAINMENT Contact: Deutsche Welle Sales and Distribution dw-transtel.com 53110 Bonn, Germany [email protected] SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY MEDICINE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY MEDICINE MAGAZINE | CLIPS DOCUMENTARY DOCUMENTARY Know it! Our Technical World How Nature Heals Faster, Higher, Stronger – TeleMed DOCUMENTARY Tomorrow’s Technology Reaching for the Stars The Quest for Knowledge The Mysteries of the Brain Foresight The Secret of Healing Powers NATURE ENVIRONMENT NATURE ENVIRONMENT CLIPS MAGAZINE | CLIPS Wildlife Shorts Global Ideas DOCUMENTARY DOCUMENTARY The Great Outdoors: Our National Parks Saving the Snow Leopard Let’s Go Wild SOS – Earth Calling! Struggle
    [Show full text]
  • Journey Text and Recorded History Migration Of
    THE JOURNEY OF MAN MODERN HOMO SAPIENS ARE TRACED TO ABOUT 60,000 YEARS AGO AND MIGRATORY PATHS PROVEN IN 2002 BY A GROUP OF AMERICAN GENETICISTS AND SCIENTISTS LED BY DR. SPENCER WELLS OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY MADE PUBLIC A TEN YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT. THEY FOLLOWED THE MALE “Y” CHROMOSOME AND THE GENETIC MARKERS IN NUCLEAR DNA TO TRACE THE CRADLE OF MANKIND TO CENTRAL AFRICA AND THE VILLAGE OF SAN WHICH IS NEAR RUNDU, NAMIBIA AND CONFIRMING THE “OUT OF AFRICA HYPOTHESIS”. ANOTHER GROUP OF 55,000 SANS PEOPLE PRESENTLY LIVING ALSO RESIDE IN BOTSWANA. TWO THOUSAND GENERATIONS BACK OR APPROXIMATELY 50,000 YEARS AGO THEY DISCOVERED THE DECENDENTS OF THE OLDEST TRIBE IN AFRICA AND THE BEGINNING OF MODERN MAN BASED ON COLLECTED NUCLEAR DNA AND GENETIC MARKERS FROM THOUSANDS OF BLOOD SAMPLES FROM POPULATIONS AROUND THE WORLD. SOME OF THESE SAME PEOPLE ‘SANS BUSHMEN’ WITH A POPULATION AT THAT TIME OF ABOUT 10,000 TOTAL AND THEIR DECENDENTS MOVED 1200 MILES SOUTH AND EAST IN AFRICA AND THEN PROCEED TO FOLLOW THE COASTLINE NORTH AND EASTWARD TO INDIA AND THEN ON DOWN THE COASTLINES TO SOUTHEAST ASIA TO AUSTRALIA. THEY VERIFIED ONE OF THE OLDEST SETTLEMENTS ON THE WEST SIDE OF MADERAI, INDIA ABOUT 200 MILES NORTH OF THE COASTLINE TO MATCH THE “Y” CHROMOSOME OF THE CENTRAL AFRICANS AND A VERIFICATION WAS ALSO PROVIDED ON THE AUSTRALIAN MONGO ABORIGINE PEOPLE DNA TO BE ON A TIMELINE ABOUT 10,000 YEARS AFTER THE CENTRAL AFRICANS. ANOTHER MIGRATION WAS HAPPENING ABOUT 35,000 YEARS AGO THAT PLACES THE DNA GENETIC MARKER TO THE MIDDLE EAST WHERE IT SPLITS AND SOME GO SOUTH TO INDIA AND SOME CONTINUE TO MOVE NORTHEAST TO KAZIKSTAN WHERE THEY FIND THE OLDEST LINEAGES IN CENTRAL ASIA.
    [Show full text]
  • IOSF Journal Vol5 2019.Pdf
    ISSN 2520-6850 = OTTER (Broadford) The International Otter Survival Fund (IOSF) was inspired by observing otters in their true natural environment in the Hebrides. Because the otter lives on land and in the water and is at the peak of the food chain it is an ambassador species to a first class environment. IOSF was set up in 1993 to protect and help the 13 species of otter worldwide, through a combination of compassion and science. It supports projects to protect otters, which will also ensure that we have a healthy environment for all species, including our own. OTTER is the annual scientific publication of the IOSF. The publication aims to cover a broad spectrum of papers, reports and short contributions concerning all aspects of otter biology, behaviour, ecology and conservation. It will also contain information on the work of IOSF and reports on our activities. Submission of manuscripts OTTER is a peer-reviewed journal and authors are asked to refer to the Guidelines for Contributors before submitting a paper. These Guidelines may be found at the back of each Journal or can be sent as a pdf upon request. Papers should be submitted through [email protected]. Publication A limited number of copies of the Journal will be printed and these will be available for sale on the Ottershop (www. ottershop.co.uk). It will also be made available on the IOSF website (www.otter.org) Back Issues Issue 1 (Proceedings of the First Otter Toxicology Conference, Published 2002) is now out of print. Issue 2 (Proceedings of the European Otter Conference “Return of the Otter in Europe – Where and How?”, held on the Isle of Skye in 2003, Published 2007) is available on a CD at the Ottershop (www.ottershop.co.uk).
    [Show full text]
  • Warta Kerajaan SERI PADUKA BAGINDA DITERBITKAN DENGAN KUASA HIS MAJESTY’S GOVERNMENT GAZETTE PUBLISHED by AUTHORITY
    MALAYSIA Warta Kerajaan SERI PADUKA BAGINDA DITERBITKAN DENGAN KUASA HIS MAJESTY’S GOVERNMENT GAZETTE PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY Jil. 51 18hb Januari 2007 TAMBAHAN No. 5 No. 2 PERUNDANGAN (B) P.U. (B) 28. AKTA SURUHANJAYA PELABUHAN PULAU PINANG 1955 SKEL KADAR, DIUS DAN CAJ 2007 MENURUT peruntukan seksyen 34 Akta Suruhanjaya Pelabuhan Pulau Pinang 1955 [Akta 140], Menteri telah meluluskan Skel Kadar, Dius dan Caj yang dirangkakan oleh Suruhanjaya pada menjalankan kuasa yang diberikan kepadanya oleh seksyen 32 dan 33 Akta itu, yang dinyatakan dalam Jadual yang hendaklah mula berkuat kuasa pada 18 Januari 2007. Skel Kadar, Dius dan Bayaran [P.U. (B) 451/1980] adalah dimansuhkan. JADUAL MAKLUMAT AM 1. TAFSIRAN “barang-barang” dan “kargo” termasuklah ternakan, galian, barang-barang dan segala perihalan barang dagangan; “barang berbahaya” termasuklah peluru, bahan letupan, petroleum atau bahan atau barang mudah terbakar, beracun atau berbahaya yang lain dan semua barang yang dinyatakan dalam Jadual C Undang-Undang Kecil Suruhanjaya Pelabuhan Pulau Pinang 1957 [L.N. (N.S.) 93/1957]; P.U. (B) 28. 450 “bungkusan” termasuklah apa-apa kotak, raga, tong, peti, bekas, guni, beg, pembalut, sampul atau penutup atau benda lain yang di dalamnya barang- barang dimasukkan bagi maksud diangkut, dikonsain, dimuatkan, diimport atau dieksport; “dermaga” termasuklah mana-mana dinding atau struktur yang bersambung dengan pesisir, dasar laut atau dasar sungai; “Dermaga Suruhanjaya” ertinya himpitan, dermaga, dok, tambangan atau tempat pendaratan yang dikendalikan
    [Show full text]
  • The Art of Neighbouring Making Relations Across China’S Borders the Art of Neighbouring Asian Borderlands
    2 ASIAN BORDERLANDS Zhang (eds) Zhang The Art Neighbouring of The Edited by Martin Saxer and Juan Zhang The Art of Neighbouring Making Relations Across China’s Borders The Art of Neighbouring Asian Borderlands Asian Borderlands presents the latest research on borderlands in Asia as well as on the borderlands of Asia – the regions linking Asia with Africa, Europe and Oceania. Its approach is broad: it covers the entire range of the social sciences and humanities. The series explores the social, cultural, geographic, economic and historical dimensions of border-making by states, local communities and flows of goods, people and ideas. It considers territorial borderlands at various scales (national as well as supra- and sub-national) and in various forms (land borders, maritime borders), but also presents research on social borderlands resulting from border-making that may not be territorially fixed, for example linguistic or diasporic communities. Series Editors Tina Harris, University of Amsterdam Willem van Schendel, University of Amsterdam Editorial Board Members Franck Billé, University of Cambridge Duncan McDuie-Ra, University of New South Wales Eric Tagliacozzo, Cornell University Yuk Wah Chan, City University Hong Kong The Art of Neighbouring Making Relations Across China’s Borders Edited by Martin Saxer and Juan Zhang Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: Trucks waiting in front of the Kyrgyz border at Torugart Pass. Photo: Martin Saxer, 2014 Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout Amsterdam University Press English-language titles are distributed in the US and Canada by the University of Chicago Press. isbn 978 94 6298 258 1 e-isbn 978 90 4853 262 9 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789462982581 nur 740 Creative Commons License CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) Martin Saxer & Juan Zhang / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2017 All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Malay/English Word List
    Temuan: World of Words A Temuan/Malay/English Word List Photo: Center for Orang Asli Concerns Looi Siew Teip Adela S. Baer Jalil Mohamad December, 2016 Temuan-English-Malay Word List TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface............................................................................................................................................. 3 Pronunciation Guide ....................................................................................................................... 5 A ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 B .................................................................................................................................................... 10 C .................................................................................................................................................... 19 D .................................................................................................................................................... 23 E .................................................................................................................................................... 26 G .................................................................................................................................................... 26 I ....................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]