Universitas Indonesia Kajian Perahu Tradisional
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Borobudur 1 Pm
BOROBUDUR SHIP RECONSTRUCTION: DESIGN OUTLINE The intention is to develop a reconstruction of the type of large outrigger vessels depicted at Borobudur in a form suitable for ocean voyaging DISTANCES AND DURATION OF VOYAGES and recreating the first millennium Indonesian voyaging to Madagascar and Africa. Distances: Sunda Strait to Southern Maldives: Approx. 1600 n.m. The vessel should be capable of transporting some Maldives to Northern Madagascar: Approx. 1300 n.m. 25-30 persons, all necessary provisions, stores and a cargo of a few cubic metres volume. Assuming that the voyaging route to Madagascar was via the Maldives, a reasonably swift vessel As far as possible the reconstruction will be built could expect to make each leg of the voyage in using construction techniques from 1st millennium approximately two weeks in the southern winter Southeast Asia: edge-doweled planking, lashings months when good southeasterly winds can be to lugs on the inboard face of planks (tambuku) to expected. However, a period of calm can be secure the frames, and multiple through-beams to experienced at any time of year and provisioning strengthen the hull structure. for three-four weeks would be prudent. The Maldives would provide limited opportunity There are five bas-relief depictions of large vessels for re-provisioning. It can be assumed that rice with outriggers in the galleries of Borobudur. They sufficient for protracted voyaging would be carried are not five depictions of the same vessel. While from Java. the five vessels are obviously similar and may be seen as illustrating a distinct type of vessel there are differences in the clearly observed details. -
461114 1 En Bookbackmatter 209..247
Conclusion: Convergent Paths In November 1945, the President of the Republic of Vietnam, Hồ Chí Minh, sent a letter addressed to ‘the President of the Republic of Indonesia’, proposing that a joint declaration of solidarity to be made by Indonesia and Vietnam in the form of a ‘Preparatory Commission Struggling for a Federation of the Free Peoples of Southern Asia’. The letter, entrusted to an American journalist named Harold Isaacs, did not reach President Soekarno.1 It was handed to Vice-President Mohammad Hatta, who then passed it on to Prime Minister Sutan Sjahrir. Sjahrir discussed the offer with Soedjatmoko Koko, the interpreter to foreign correspon- dents of the Republican government, but told him that he would not reply and preferred just to ignore the letter. Sjahrir indifference sprang from his conviction that the situation in Indonesia and Vietnam were very different. The Indonesian nationalists were up against the Dutch, who were ‘a weak colonial power and could be defeated quickly.’ Hồ Chí Minh had to contend with the French, who could and would resist him for a long time. Furthermore, he looked askance at the fact that the DRV government depended on support from the communists, which was not the case in Indonesia. In conclusion, Sjahrir argued, ‘If we ally ourselves with Hồ Chí Minh, we shall weaken ourselves and delay Independence.’2 The story of the missed opportunity for cooperation between Vietnam and Indonesia3 as a result of Sjahrir’s ‘betrayal of the greater Asian revolution’,as 1Harold Robert Isaacs is the author of No Peace for Asia, which has been cited widely in this dissertation. -
ABSTRAK YANUAR AL-FIQRI. Perkapalan
ABSTRAK YANUAR AL-FIQRI. Perkapalan Nusantara abad 16-18 Masehi. Skripsi, Jakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah, Jurusan Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, 2015. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh minimnya pembahasan mengenai teknologi perkapalan Nusantara pada perkuliahan di jurusan sejarah fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan teknologi perkapalan Nusantara pada masa abad 16-18 M, yang terdiri dari jenis-jenis kapal, teknik pembuatannya serta ciri-ciri yang dimiliki oleh kapal-kapal Nusantara tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historis, dengan langkah-langkahnya yaitu heuristik, kritik ekstern dan intern, verifikasi dan terakhir historiografi. Sumber-sumber sejarah yang digunakan adalah sumber sejarah sekunder, dan didukung oleh sumber-sumber etnografi yaitu pada penjelasan mengenai teknik pembuatan kapal-kapal Nusantara, dikarenakan sumber sejarah yang ada tidak dapat menjelaskan secara lebih rinci mengenai teknik pembuatan kapal. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa teknologi perkapalan Nusantara pada abad 16-18 M memiliki sejarah yang panjang. Teknologi pembuatan perahu lesung orang-orang Austronesia pada masa sebelum masehi menjadi cikal bakal dari teknologi pembuatan kapal dan perahu Nusantara pada masa setelahnya. Pembuatan perahu lesung bercadik Austronesia yang menggunakan teknik Sewn plank-Lashed lug, nantinya berevolusi menjadi kapal-kapal yang lebih besar. Proses evolusi ini disebabkan oleh faktor ekonomi dan teknologi dimana perdagangan laut menjadi semakin ramai dan kebutuhan akan sarana angkutan barang dagangan yang lebih besar dan berteknologi tinggi menjadi syarat utama. Kapal dan perahu Nusantara pada abad 16-18 M seperti kapal Jong, Padewakang, Mayang dan Kora-kora serta perahu-perahu tipe lesung seperti Jukung dan Paduwang dibuat dan digunakan oleh orang-orang Nusantara dengan disesuaikan ciri-cirinya dengan kondisi alam, ketersediaan bahan baku pembuatan serta kondisi sosial ekonomi Nusantara pada masa itu. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
Universitat Pompeu Fabra Estrategias Filipinas Respecto a China
^ ui' °+ «53 T "" Biblioteca Universitat Pompeu Fabra Tesis doctoral Estrategias filipinas respecto a China: Alonso Sánchez y Domingo Salazar en la empresa de China (1581-1593) Barcelona, 1998 Volumen 1 Autor: Manel Ollé Rodríguez Directora: Dolors Folch Fornesa Documento 12 Autor: Alonso Sánchez Lugar y fecha: Manila, 1585 Localización: AGÍ Filipinas 79, ARAH Jesuitas. tomo VII y ANM, Colección Fernández Navarrete, II, fol. 253, dto. 8o.256 2^6 Se reproduce en esta edición el manuscrito localizado en ANM, Colección Fernández Navarrete, II, fol. 253, dto. 8o 238 Relación brebe de la jornada que hizo el P. Alonso Sánchez la segunda vez que fué a la China el año 1584. 257 En el año del582 habiendo yo ido a la China y Macan sobre negocios tocantes a la Gloria de Dios y al servicio de su magestad, por lo que el gobernador D. Gonzalo Ronquillo pretendía y deseaba de reducir aquella ciudad y puerto de portugueses a la obediencia de Su magestad, cuyos eran ya los reynos de Portugal. Pretendían esto el gobernador y obispo y capitanes y las religiones de todas estas yslas, por parecerles que no había otro camino para la entrada de cosa tan dificultosa y deseada como la China, sino era por aquella puerta, principalmente si se hubiese de hacer por vía de guerra, como el gobernador y los seculares pretendían y todos entienden que es el medio por el qual se puede hacer algo con brebedad y efecto. Hízose lo que se deseaba, juntándose con el Capitán Mayor y obispo y electos y las religiones y jurando a su Magestad, por su Rey y Señor natural, de lo qual y de otras cosas importantes dieron al P. -
BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Dasar Pemikiran Bangsa Indonesia Sejak
1 BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Dasar Pemikiran Bangsa Indonesia sejak dahulu sudah dikenal sebagai bangsa pelaut yang menguasai jalur-jalur perdagangan. Sebagai bangsa pelaut maka pengetahuan kita akan teknologi perkapalan Nusantara pun seharusnya kita ketahui. Catatan-catatan sejarah serta bukti-bukti tentang teknologi perkapalan Nusantara pada masa klasik memang sangatlah minim. Perkapalan Nusantara pada masa klasik, khususnya pada masa kerajaan Hindu-Buddha tidak meninggalkan bukti lukisan-lukisan bentuk kapalnya, berbeda dengan bangsa Eropa seperti Yunani dan Romawi yang bentuk kapal-kapal mereka banyak terdapat didalam lukisan yang menghiasi benda porselen. Penemuan bangkai-bangkai kapal yang berasal dari abad ini pun tidak bisa menggambarkan lebih lanjut bagaimana bentuk aslinya dikarenakan tidak ditemukan secara utuh, hanya sisa-sisanya saja. Sejak kedatangan bangsa Eropa ke Nusantara pada abad ke 16, bukti-bukti mengenai perkapalan yang dibuat dan digunakan di Nusantara mulai terbuka. Catatan-catatan para pelaut Eropa mengenai pertemuan mereka dengan kapal- kapal Nusantara, serta berbagai lukisan-lukisan kota-kota pelabuhan di Nusantara yang juga dibuat oleh orang-orang Eropa. Sejak abad ke-17, di Eropa berkembang seni lukis naturalistis, yang coba mereproduksi keadaan sesuatu obyek dengan senyata mungkin; gambar dan lukisan yang dihasilkannya membahas juga pemandangan-pemandangan kota, benteng, pelabuhan, bahkan pemandangan alam 2 di Asia, di mana di sana-sini terdapat pula gambar perahu-perahu Nusantara.1 Catatan-catatan Eropa ini pun memuat nama-nama dari kapal-kapal Nusantara ini, yang ternyata sebagian masih ada hingga sekarang. Dengan menggunakan cacatan-catatan serta lukisan-lukisan bangsa Eropa, dan membandingkan bentuk kapalnya dengan bukti-bukti kapal yang masih digunakan hingga sekarang, maka kita pun bisa memunculkan kembali bentuk- bentuk kapal Nusantara yang digunakan pada abad-abad 16 hingga 18. -
Marine Tenure in Indonesia's Makassar Straits the Mandar Raft Fishery
Marine Tenure in Indonesia's Makassar Straits The Mandar Raft Fishery Charles Zerner 40 Tompkins Place Brooklyn, New York 11231 Consultant, World Resources Institute Program in Biodiversity Washington, D.C. CONFERENCE DRAFT presented at The First Annual Meeting of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, September 27-30, 1990 Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. 2 Marine Tenure in Indonesia's Makassar Straits The Mandar Raft Fishery Abstract Although a diversity of contemporary common property marine resource management systems has been documented in the South Pacific (Johannes 1982, Johannes et al 1984; Ruddle and Johannes 1985; Cordell 1989), the existence and utility of marine cpr practices on the coasts and islands of Indonesia's vast archipelago of more than 13,000 islands have been questioned (Polunin 1984, 1985). This paper reviews developments in one contemporary marine cpr system, the Mandar raft fishery, and briefly relates preliminary findings concerning another, the Balabalangan Islands' fishery. The role of these local resource management practices in regulating access to local environments is reviewed, as are their inadequacies. Both marine tenure systems are alive but under assault: they are being undermined and delegitimized by governmental administrative practices and judicial decisions. Adverse consequences of governmental interventions in these fisheries cprs probably entails diminished welfare of local communities and decreased capacity to limit emerging environmental pressures on local resource -
A Dictionary of Dehong, Southwest China
A dictionary of Dehong, Southwest China Luo, Y. A dictionary of Dehong, Southwest China. C-145, xl + 338 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1999. DOI:10.15144/PL-C145.cover ©1999 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFIC LINGUISTICS FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: Malcolm D. Ross and Darrell T. Tryon (Managing Editors), John Bowden, Thomas E. Dutton, Andrew K. Pawley Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in linguistic de�criptions, dictionaries, atlases and other material on languages of the Pacific, the Philippines, Indonesia and Southeast Asia. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications ar� drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Pacific Linguistics is associated with the Research School of P cific and Asian Studies at The Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics was establi hed in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund. It is a non-profit-maki g body financed largely from the sales of its books to libraries and individuals throughout th world, with some assistance from the School. The Editorial Board of Pacific Linguistics is made up of the �cadernic staff of the School's Department of Linguistics. The Board also appoints a body of editorial advisors drawn from the international communityof linguists. Publications in Series A, B and C and textbooks in Series D are refereed by scholars with relevant expertise who are normally not members of the editorial board. To date Pacific Linguistics has published over 400 volumes in four series: • Series A: Occasional Papers; collections of shorter papers, usually on a single topic or area. -
Iata City Names - Encode
IATA CITY NAMES - ENCODE City name State Country Code City name State Country Code City name State Country Code City name State Country Code City name State Country Code City name State Country Code Alpha QL AU ABH Aribinda BF XAR Bakelalan MY BKM Beersheba IL BEV Block Island RI US BID Aalborg DK AAL Alpine TX US ALE Arica CL ARI Baker City OR US BKE Befandriana MG WBD Bloemfontein ZA BFN Aalesund NO AES Alroy Downs NT AU AYD Aripuana MT BR AIR Baker Lake NU CA YBK Beica ET BEI Blonduos IS BLO Aarhus DK AAR Alta NO ALF Arkalyk KZ AYK Bakersfield CA US BFL Beida LY LAQ Bloodvein MB CA YDV Aasiaat GL JEG Alta Floresta MT BR AFL Arkhangelsk RU ARH Bakkafjordur IS BJD Beihai CN BHY Bloomfield Ri QL AU BFC Aba/Hongyuan CN AHJ Altai MN LTI Arlit NE RLT Bakouma CF BMF Beihan YE BHN Bloomington IN US BMG Abadan IR ABD Altamira PA BR ATM Arly BF ARL Baku AZ BAK Beijing CN BJS Bloomington-NIL US BMI Abaiang KI ABF Altay CN AAT Armenia CO AXM Balakovo RU BWO Beira MZ BEW Blubber Bay BC CA XBB Abakan XU ABA Altenburg DE AOC Armidale NS AU ARM Balalae SB BAS Beirut LB BEY Blue Bell PA US BBX Abbotsford BC CA YXX Altenrhein CH ACH Arno MH AMR Balgo Hill WA AU BQW Bejaia DZ BJA Bluefield WV US BLF Abbottabad PK AAW Alto Rio Seng CB AR ARR Aroa PG AOA Bali CM BLC Bekily MG OVA Bluefields NI BEF Abbs YE EAB Alton IL US ALN Arona SB RNA Bali PG BAJ Belaga MY BLG Blumenau SC BR BNU Abeche TD AEH Altoona PA US AOO Arorae KI AIS Balikesir TR BZI Belem PA BR BEL Blythe CA US BLH Abemama KI AEA Altus OK US LTS Arrabury QL AU AAB Balikpapan ID BPN Belfast GB -
From the on Inal Document. What Can I Write About?
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 470 655 CS 511 615 TITLE What Can I Write about? 7,000 Topics for High School Students. Second Edition, Revised and Updated. INSTITUTION National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, IL. ISBN ISBN-0-8141-5654-1 PUB DATE 2002-00-00 NOTE 153p.; Based on the original edition by David Powell (ED 204 814). AVAILABLE FROM National Council of Teachers of English, 1111 W. Kenyon Road, Urbana, IL 61801-1096 (Stock no. 56541-1659: $17.95, members; $23.95, nonmembers). Tel: 800-369-6283 (Toll Free); Web site: http://www.ncte.org. PUB TYPE Books (010) Guides Classroom Learner (051) Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS High Schools; *Writing (Composition); Writing Assignments; *Writing Instruction; *Writing Strategies IDENTIFIERS Genre Approach; *Writing Topics ABSTRACT Substantially updated for today's world, this second edition offers chapters on 12 different categories of writing, each of which is briefly introduced with a definition, notes on appropriate writing strategies, and suggestions for using the book to locate topics. Types of writing covered include description, comparison/contrast, process, narrative, classification/division, cause-and-effect writing, exposition, argumentation, definition, research-and-report writing, creative writing, and critical writing. Ideas in the book range from the profound to the everyday to the topical--e.g., describe a terrible beauty; write a narrative about the ultimate eccentric; classify kinds of body alterations. With hundreds of new topics, the book is intended to be a resource for teachers and students alike. (NKA) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the on inal document. -
Dinamika Kehidupan Religius Era Kasunanan Surakarta
DINAMIKA KEHIDUPAN RELIGIUS ERA KASUNANAN SURAKARTA Drs. Supariadi, M.Hum, dkk. LITBANGDIKLAT PRESS i DINAMIKA KEHIDUPAN RELIGIUS ERA KASUNANAN SURAKARTA Hak cipta dilindungi Undang-Undang All Rights Reserved Penulis: Drs. Supariadi, M.Hum, dkk Editor : Fakhriati Lukmanul Hakim Desain Cover & Layout : BataviArt Diterbitkan oleh: LITBANGDIKLAT PRESS Jl. M. H. Thamrin No. 6 Lantai 2 Jakarta Pusat Telepon: 021-3920688 Fax: 021-3920688 Website: balitbangdiklat.kemenag.go.id Anggota IKAPI No. 545/Anggota Luar Biasa/DKI/2017 Cetakan : Pertama November 2017 ISBN : 978-602-51270-1-4 ii KATA PENGANTAR PENERBIT Selamat, Litbangdiklat Press, disingkat LD Press, sebuah sebuah lembaga penerbitan di lingkungan Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama telah hadir secara resmi masuk dalam keanggotaan Ikatan Penerbit Indonesia/IKAPI pada 1 Juni 2017. Patut disyukuri, karena keinginan ini sudah lama terpendam, dan baru bisa terwujud pada tahun 2017 ini. Kehadiran lembaga penerbitan di lingkungan lembaga pe- nelitian yang “diakui” oleh IKAPI sangatlah penting, sebagai wadah publikasi hasil-hasil kelitbangan. Publikasi menyasar pada dua hal, pertama memberikan informasi terbaru terkait sebuah isu yang menjadi objek studi. Dengan demikian ha- sil studi yang terpublikasikan dapat berkontribusi terhadap pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Kedua, hasil penelitian yang dipublikasikan dapat mem- pengaruhi atau memberi kontribusi pada proses pembuatan kebijakan publik. Caroll Weiss (1979), misalnya, membeda- kan penggunaan hasil penelitian ke dalam tiga jenis, yakni penggunaan instrumental, penggunaan konseptual, dan peng- gunaan simbolik. Penggunaan ‘instrumental’ mengacu pada pengaruh penelitian yang bersifat langsung dan dapat diukur (measurable) terhadap proses pembuatan kebijakan publik. iii Penggunaan ‘konseptual’ mengacu pada kondisi di mana ha- sil riset hanyalah salah satu jenis informasi yang dipertim- bangkan para pembuat kebijakan ketika hendak membuat atau mengambil keputusan kebijakan. -
Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission
MALAYSIAN COMMUNICATIONS AND MULTIMEDIA COMMISSION INVITATION TO REGISTER INTEREST AND SUBMIT A DRAFT UNIVERSAL SERVICE PLAN AS A UNIVERSAL SERVICE PROVIDER UNDER THE COMMUNICATIONS AND MULTIMEDIA (UNIVERSAL SERVICE PROVISION) REGULATIONS 2002 FOR THE INSTALLATION OF NETWORK FACILITIES AND DEPLOYMENT OF NETWORK SERVICE FOR THE PROVISIONING OF PUBLIC CELLULAR SERVICES AT THE UNIVERSAL SERVICE TARGETS UNDER THE JALINAN DIGITAL NEGARA (JENDELA) PHASE 1 INITIATIVE Ref: MCMC/USPD/PDUD(01)/JENDELA_P1/TC/11/2020(05) Date: 20 November 2020 Invitation to Register Interest as a Universal Service Provider MCMC/USPD/PDUD(01)/JENDELA_P1/TC/11/2020(05) Page 1 of 142 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................. 4 INTERPRETATION ........................................................................................................................... 5 SECTION I – INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 8 1. BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................... 8 SECTION II – DESCRIPTION OF SCOPE OF WORK .............................................................. 10 2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE FACILITIES AND SERVICES TO BE PROVIDED ....................................................................................................................................... 10 3. SCOPE OF