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Handling of Out-Of-Vocabulary Words in Japanese-English
International Journal of Asian Language Processing 29(2):61-86 61 The Syntactic Evolvement of the Chinese Word “Wei” Yan Li School of Foreign Languages, Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an, China, 710062 [email protected] Abstract Based on Beijing University CCL corpus, this article investigated the functions and meanings of the word “Wei”(维) in different dynasties. “维” could be a word in ancient times while it functions as verb, noun, pronoun, preposition, auxiliary word, etc.. But from West Jin Dynasty there appeared disyllabic words including “维” and the situation of co-existing of monosyllabic words and disyllabic words lasted till the Republic of China. Now “维” as a word disappeared and only as a morpheme in disyllabic or multisyllabic words. The transformation from a monosyllabic word to a monosyllabic morpheme is a very common phenomenon in Chinese. Keywords “Wei”(维), syntactic evolvement, morphemization 1. Introduction The word “Wei”(维) is a very common morpheme in modern Chinese, but its evolution is of specialty which is worth exploring. In Chinese history, a morpheme has ever been a word which could be used independently, but in modern Chinese, many monosyllabic words lower their status to monosyllabic morphemes (Dong Xiufang, 2004). “维”was a word in ancient times, which is pictophonetic while its character from 糸(mì)and 隹(zhuī). “糸” means “rope, string”. The combination of “糸”and “隹” means ‘to draw forth more than three ropes from a higher place to the ground and enclose a hollow cone’. The original meaning is “rope” which is used to form a cone. -
A Dictionary of Dehong, Southwest China
A dictionary of Dehong, Southwest China Luo, Y. A dictionary of Dehong, Southwest China. C-145, xl + 338 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1999. DOI:10.15144/PL-C145.cover ©1999 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFIC LINGUISTICS FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: Malcolm D. Ross and Darrell T. Tryon (Managing Editors), John Bowden, Thomas E. Dutton, Andrew K. Pawley Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in linguistic de�criptions, dictionaries, atlases and other material on languages of the Pacific, the Philippines, Indonesia and Southeast Asia. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications ar� drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Pacific Linguistics is associated with the Research School of P cific and Asian Studies at The Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics was establi hed in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund. It is a non-profit-maki g body financed largely from the sales of its books to libraries and individuals throughout th world, with some assistance from the School. The Editorial Board of Pacific Linguistics is made up of the �cadernic staff of the School's Department of Linguistics. The Board also appoints a body of editorial advisors drawn from the international communityof linguists. Publications in Series A, B and C and textbooks in Series D are refereed by scholars with relevant expertise who are normally not members of the editorial board. To date Pacific Linguistics has published over 400 volumes in four series: • Series A: Occasional Papers; collections of shorter papers, usually on a single topic or area. -
Bubat: Sisi Gelap Hubungan Kerajaan Majapahit Hindu Dengan Kerajan Sunda
16 | Syaiful Azmi, Bubat: Sisi Gelap Hubungan Kerajaan Majapahit Hindu Bubat: Sisi Gelap Hubungan Kerajaan Majapahit Hindu Dengan Kerajan Sunda Syaiful Azmi Fakultas Ushuluddin UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta [email protected] Abstract: Tulisan inibertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi tentang peristiwa Bubat dan mengetahui bagaimana hubungan Sunda- Jawa setelah perang Bubat tersebut berdasarkan informasi dari naskah sejarah tradisional. Tulisan ini dianggap penting karena peristiwa Bubat yang sudah berlalu lebih tujuh abad sejak peristiwa tersebut terjadi, namun dampak dari peristiwa tesebut masih menjadiingatan umum (collective memory) masyarakat Sunda dan penggambaran tentang peristiwa Bubat tersebut sudah menjadi cerita yang diwariskan secara turun-temurun (overall livering). Kata Kunci: Hindu, Kerajaan Sunda, Bubat A. Pendahuluan Babakan sejarah dalam urutan kronologi di Indosia bisa dibagi ke dalam beberapa bakan sejarah yaitu; periode pertama masa Hidu-Buddha, periode kedua masa Kerajaan Islam, periode ketiga masa pendudukan Hindia Belanja, periode ke empat masa pendudukan Jepang, periode kelima masa kemerdekaan. Pada masa babakan awal (Hindu-Buddha), pada mulanya tidak ditemukan adanya perselisihan antara dua kerajaan besar Hindu Budhha di Indonesia Dua kerajaan tersebut adalah Kerajaan Sunda Pajajaran dan Kerajaan Majapahit. Dua kerajaan besar masa Hindu-Buddhaini mengidentifikasikan dua suku besar di Indonesia yaitu, Kerajaan Majapahit sebagai simbol kekuasaan suku Jawa dan Kerajaan Sunda Pajajaran sebagai simbol kekuasaan suku Sunda. Pada masa masa kedua kerajaan besar Hindu Buddha tersebut, belum ditemukan ada perselihan dan penaklukkan antara kedua kerajaan tersebut sampai terjadinya peristiwa Syaiful Azmi, Bubat: Sisi Gelap Hubungan Kerajaan Majapahit Hindu | 17 Bubat.1Setelah beberapa lama, tidak terdengar adanya permusuhan dengan Negara tetangga, sampai pada tahun 1357 terjadi sengketa yang berakhir dengan perang yang cukup seru yang disebut dengan perang Bubat. -
2011 06 Kamus Saku Tado 1A
Nama angka : 1 saungu satu one 2 roungu dua two 3 toluongu tiga three 4 aopo empat four 5 alima lima five 6 aono enam six 7 papitu tujuh seven 8 uwalu delapan eight 9 sasio sembilan nine 10 sampulu sepuluh ten 11 sampulu saungu sebelas eleven 12 sampulu roungu duabelas twelve 13 sampulu toluongu tigabelas thirteen 14 sampulu aopo empat belas fourteen 15 sampulu alima lima belas fifteen 16 sampulu aono enam belas sixteen 17 sampulu papitu tujuh belas seventeen 18 sampulu uwalu delapan belas eighteen 19 sampulu sasio sembilan belas nineteen 20 rompulu dua puluh twenty 30 tolu mpulu tiga puluh thirty 40 aopo mpulu empat puluh forty 50 lima mpulu lima puluh fifty 60 aono mpulu enam puluh sixty 70 pitu mpulu tujuh puluh seventy 80 walu mpulu delapan puluh eighty 90 sio mpulu sembilan puluh ninety 100 saatu seratus one hundred 200 roatu dua ratus two hundred 300 toluatu tiga ratus three hundred 400 opoatu empat ratus four hundred 500 limatu lima ratus five hundred 600 aonoatu enam ratus six hundred 700 pituatu tujuh ratus seven hundred 800 waluatu delapan ratus eight hundred 900 sioatu sembilan ratus nine hundred 1000 sanjobu seribu one thousand Nama hari : eo Minggu hari Minggu Sunday eo Sinei hari Senin Monday eo Salasa hari Selasa Tuesday eo Rabu hari Rabu Wednesday eo Kamisi hari Kamis Thursday eo Jumaa hari Jum'at Friday eo Satu hari Sabtu Saturday Nama bulan : Wula Saungu Januari January Wula Roungu Februari February Wula Tuluongu Maret March Wula Aopongu April April Wula Limaongu Mei May Wula Aonongu Juni June Wula Pituongu Juli July Wula Waluongu Agustus August Wula Siongu September September Wula Sampuluongu Oktober October Wula Sampulu Saungu November November Wula Sampulu Roungu Desember December KAMUS SAKU BAHASA TADO-LINDU — INDONESIA — INGGRIS Disusun oleh Tim Kerja Pengembangan Bahasa Tado-Lindu: Bance Tarua Erik Pengei, S.Pd. -
The Indonesian Struggle for Independence 1945 – 1949
The Indonesian struggle for Independence 1945 – 1949 Excessive violence examined University of Amsterdam Bastiaan van den Akker Student number: 11305061 MA Holocaust and Genocide Studies Date: 28-01-2021 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ugur Ümit Üngör Second Reader: Dr. Hinke Piersma Abstract The pursuit of a free Indonesian state was already present during Dutch rule. The Japanese occupation and subsequent years ensured that this pursuit could become a reality. This thesis examines the last 4 years of the Indonesian struggle for independence between 1945 and 1949. Excessive violence prevailed during these years, both the Indonesians and the Dutch refused to relinquish hegemony on the archipelago resulting in around 160,000 casualties. The Dutch tried to forget the war of Indonesian Independence in the following years. However, whistleblowers went public in the 1960’s, resulting in further examination into the excessive violence. Eventually, the Netherlands seems to have come to terms with its own past since the first formal apologies by a Dutch representative have been made in 2005. King Willem-Alexander made a formal apology on behalf of the Crown in 2020. However, high- school education is still lacking in educating students on these sensitive topics. This thesis also discusses the postwar years and the public debate on excessive violence committed by both sides. The goal of this thesis is to inform the public of the excessive violence committed by Dutch and Indonesian soldiers during the Indonesian struggle for Independence. 1 Index Introduction -
The Dutch Strategic and Operational Approach in the Indonesian War of Independence, 1945– 1949
Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 46, Nr 2, 2018. doi: 10.5787/46-2-1237 THE DUTCH STRATEGIC AND OPERATIONAL APPROACH IN THE INDONESIAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, 1945– 1949 Leopold Scholtz1 North-West University Abstract The Indonesian War of Independence (1945–1949) and the Dutch attempt to combat the insurgency campaign by the Indonesian nationalists provides an excellent case study of how not to conduct a counter-insurgency war. In this article, it is reasoned that the Dutch security strategic objective – a smokescreen of autonomy while keeping hold of political power – was unrealistic. Their military strategic approach was very deficient. They approached the war with a conventional war mind- set, thinking that if they could merely reoccupy the whole archipelago and take the nationalist leaders prisoner, that it would guarantee victory. They also mistreated the indigenous population badly, including several mass murders and other war crimes, and ensured that the population turned against them. There was little coordination between the civilian and military authorities. Two conventional mobile operations, while conducted professionally, actually enlarged the territory to be pacified and weakened the Dutch hold on the country. By early 1949, it was clear that the Dutch had lost the war, mainly because the Dutch made a series of crucial mistakes, such as not attempting to win the hearts and minds of the local population. In addition, the implacable opposition by the United States made their war effort futile. Keywords: Indonesian War of Independence, Netherlands, insurgency, counter- insurgency, police actions, strategy, operations, tactics, Dutch army Introduction Analyses of counter-insurgency operations mostly concentrate on the well- known conflicts – the French and Americans in Vietnam, the British in Malaya and Kenya, the French in Algeria, the Portuguese in Angola and Mozambique, the Ian Smith government in Rhodesia, the South Africans in Namibia, et cetera. -
Mismanaging Expectations
Mismanaging expectations Dutch plans for re-establishment of the KNIL, 1942-1946 Maaike van der Kloet [email protected] 15 March 2016 Supervisor: E.P.M. Zwinkels M.A. M.A. programme Colonial and Global History Institute for History, Leiden University Index Introduction 1 Chapter 1: International relations in a time of war 13 Chapter 2: Dutch planning from 1942 until 15 August 1945 25 Chapter 3: Outcomes and adjustments. 15 August 1945 until March 1946 37 Chapter 4: KNIL soldiers' opinions in letters and egodocuments 51 Conclusion 65 List of abbreviations 69 Bibliography 70 Introduction The Netherlands East Indies were occupied by the Japanese army between 1942 and 1945. Many soldiers of the Koninklijk Nederlands-Indisch Leger (KNIL, Royal Netherlands Indies Army) were captured as prisoners of war (POW). These people were used as forced labourers, like the Japanese did with Indonesian workers (romusha) later during the war. Shortly after the start of the occupation, the Dutch colonial government and army command went into exile. The former established a Dutch camp in Brisbane, Australia as a government-in-exile, while the latter settled in Colombo, Ceylon (Sri Lanka). These colonial leaders were preparing for the post-war situation. They mainly focused on how to restore colonial rule in the Netherlands East Indies. This included re-establishment of the colonial army. The KNIL was established in 1830 and consisted of Dutch, other European and locally recruited Indonesian soldiers. A little over 90,000 soldiers served in the KNIL in 1942. The KNIL failed to defend the Netherlands East Indies during the Japanese attack in 1941 and 1942 and surrendered on 8 March 1942. -
Report of the CCOP-GSJ-DGR Groundwater Project Phase III Meeting 13-15 February 2019, Chiang Mai, Thailand
CCOP-GSJ Groundwater Project Report GW-9 Report of the CCOP-GSJ-DGR Groundwater Project Phase III Meeting 13-15 February 2019, Chiang Mai, Thailand Technical Report of the CCOP-GSJ Groundwater Project Phase III COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) in cooperation with GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF JAPAN (GSJ), AIST Published by Geological Survey of Japan and CCOP Technical Secretariat Youhei Uchida (Chief Editor) I. PREFACE Groundwater is one of the limited natural resources on the earth. Mainly due to ignorance about its importance, humans have caused various groundwater issues by their activities especially in the late 20th century. Today, land subsidence, seawater intrusion, and groundwater pollution by toxic substances are serious problems everywhere in the world. The countries in the East and Southeast Asia also have faced many groundwater problems which need international cooperation to be solved. The CCOP-GSJ Groundwater Project was launched aiming to provide some solutions for groundwater management in the CCOP region. The Groundwater Project Phase III started in February 2015 aiming at the development of groundwater database in the CCOP region and three groups, the DB Groups I and II, and the Public Policy Group were formed to promote the project smoothly. The CCOP-GSJ-DGR Groundwater Project Phase III Meeting was held in Chiang Mai, Thailand on 13-15 February 2019. It was the final project meeting for the Phase III and attended by 27 participants from Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and the CCOP Technical Secretariat. In the meeting, participants confirmed the progress of the project from March 2018 to February 2019, and discussed the outcome of the Phase III including the publication of this technical report (GW-9). -
Bogangin-Sumberrejo-Bojonegoro
KULIAH KERJA NYATA - BELAJAR BERSAMA MASYARAKAT (KKN - BBM) KE- 54 UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA KELURAHAN BOGANGIN, KECAMATAN SUMBERREJO KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO 19 Juli - 13 Agustus 2016 Kementrian Riset Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA LAPORAN AKHIR Oleh : 1. Irene Ariadnasari Perbowo (011211133039) 2. Ahmad Ridhoi (011211133027) 3. Arinda Risky (031311133135) 4. Andri Kurniawan (041311133015) 5. Citra Karimahayati (041311133178) 6. Dende Marsi Rahanto (051311133017) 7. Winda Putri Pratama (051211133005) 8. Adelita Sukma Kusumaningtyas (071311233007) 9. Adriana Marzhella Rondonuwu (071311233085) 10. Deszantara Ziky Waly Laydie Susanto (081311433086) Kelurahan : Bogangin Kecamatan : Sumberejo Kabupaten : Bojonegoro Lembaga Pengabdian, Pendidikan, Pelatihan, dan Pengembangan Masyarakat UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SURABAYA 2016 Sekretariat : LP4M Universitas Airlangga – Gedung Kahuripan Lt. 2 Kampus C UNAIR Mulyorejo – Surabaya, Telp. (031) 599 5246, 599 5248 Fx. (031) 596 2066 Contact Person : Ridho - 08983593314 KULIAH KERJA NYATA - BELAJAR BERSAMA MASYARAKAT (KKN - BBM) KE- 54 UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA KELURAHAN BOGANGIN, KECAMATAN SUMBERREJO KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO 19 Juli - 13 Agustus 2016 HALAMAN PENGESAHAN LAPORAN KULIAH KERJA NYATA - BELAJAR BERSAMA MASYARAKAT (KKN - BBM) KE- 54 UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA KELURAHAN BOGANGIN, KECAMATAN SUMBEREJO KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO NAMA NIM 1. Irene Ariadnasari Perbowo (011211133039) 2. Ahmad Ridhoi (011211133027) 3. Arinda Risky (031311133135) 4. Andri Kurniawan (041311133015) 5. Citra Karimahayati (041311133178) 6. Dende Marsi Rahanto (051311133017) 7. Winda Putri Pratama (051211133005) 8. Adelita Sukma Kusumaningtyas (071311233007) 9. Adriana Marzhella Rondonuwu (071311233085) 10. Deszantara Ziky Waly Laydie Susanto (081311433086) Rencana Biaya : Rp 13.862.500 Sumber Dana : 1. Kas Kelompok 2. Donatur 3. Sponsorship Surabaya, 12 Agustus 2016 Dosen Pembimbing Lapangan Kordinator Lapangan KKN - BBM Kelurahan Bogangin RAHADITYA PUSPA KIRANA S.Hum.,M.Hum Ahmad Ridhoi NIP. 139121487 NIM. -
PARADIGMA ISSN 2549-600X Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Humaniora STKIP Hatta-Sjahrir
Volume 3, Februari, 2017 PARADIGMA ISSN 2549-600X Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Humaniora STKIP Hatta-Sjahrir ORANG BANDA DALAM PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH MARITIM USMAN THALIB Dosen Pendidikan Sejarah STKIP Hatta-Sjahrir Email: [email protected] ABSTRAK Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan sejarah maritim dengan fokus masalah pada bagaimana orang-orang Banda memanfaatkan laut dalam kaitannya dengan perdagangan antar pulau, armada pelayaran dan teknologi penangkapan ikan. untuk mendapatkan gambaran historis dari ketiga aspek tersebut digunakan paradigma penelitian kualitatif dengan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa; (i) orang-orang Banda telah menggunakan laut sebagai sarana perdagangan antar pulau sejak sebelum abad ke-16. Perdagangan antar pulau itu melalui kota-kota pesisir di pantai utara Jawa, pantai timur sumatera dan terus ke Malaka. Bahkan mereka memiliki pemukiman tersendiri Di Malaka. Armada dagang orang-orang Banda tidak tidak saja mengangkut pala dan fuli dari Banda Neira, tetapi juga mengangkut cengkih dari Ternate dan di antar pulaukan sampai ke Malaka. (ii) Armada pelayaran orang-orang Banda terdiri dari berbagai jenis untuk berbagai kepentingan. Armada pelayaran samudera untuk kepentingan perdagangan antar pulau, sedangkan armada pelayaran pesisir untuk kepentingan penangkapan ikan.(iii) Tenologi penangkapan ikan orang-orang Banda terdiri dari berbagai jenis alat pancing, berbagai jenis jaring dan berbagai jenis perangkap. Hasil tangkapan selain dipasarkan di pasar lokal, juga diantar- pulaukan ke kota Ambon, Seram bagian Selatan dan Tual di Maluku Tenggara. Kata Kunci: Maritim, Pelayaran, Perdagangan 28 Volume 3, Februari, 2017 PARADIGMA ISSN 2549-600X Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Humaniora STKIP Hatta-Sjahrir PENDAHULUAN Hingga kini belum terlalu banyak sejarawan Indonesia yang memberi perhatian khusus terhadap aspek-aspek kemaritiman di Indonesia. -
PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/234441 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-30 and may be subject to change. Dealing with the Dark Past: The Prospect of the Settlement of the 1965-1966 Events in Indonesia Manunggal Kusuma Wardaya DEALING WITH THE DARK PAST: THE PROSPECT OF THE SETTLEMENT OF THE 1965-1966 EVENTS IN INDONESIA Dealing with the Dark Past: The Prospect of the Settlement of the 1965-1966 Events in Indonesia Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. dr. J.H.J.M. van Krieken, volgens besluit van het college van decanen in het openbaar ter verdedigen op woensdag 23 juni 2021 om 10:30 uur precies door Manunggal Kusuma Wardaya geboren op 24 maart 1975 te Surakarta, Indonesië Promotor: Prof. mr. P.H.P.H.M.C. van Kempen Copromotor: Dr. L.G.H. Bakker (Universiteit van Amsterdam) Manuscriptcommissie: Prof. mr. C.J.H. Jansen (voorzitter) Prof. mr. dr. A.W. Bedner (Universiteit Leiden) Prof. mr. Y. Buruma All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced in any ma- terial form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner(s). Appli- cations for the copyright owner’s permission to reproduce any part of this pub- lication should be addressed to the publisher. -
The 3Rd Urban Social Forum
Contents The 3rd Urban Social Forum 04 Foreword © Te 3rd Urban Social Forum, 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this 05 book may be reproduced without Introduction written permission from Te 3rd Urban Social Forum committee. 06 Essay Ofce: Yayasan Kota Kita 07 Jalan Melon Raya, No. 53 Agenda Karangasem, Surakarta 57145 www.urbansocialforum.or.id 09 Panel Summaries www.kotakita.org 34 The Asia Regional Meeting: The Global Platform for the Right to the City and Habitat III 36 The 3rd Urban Social Forum in Figures 38 Comments and Suggestions 40 Social Media Feeds 45 List of Speakers and Moderators 46 List of Participating Institutions www.urbansocialforum.or.id 4 Foreword I would like to express my great thanks and appreciation to Kota Kita for trusting Surabaya to host the 3rd Urban Social Forum 2015. Surabaya always welcomes events that demonstrate the knowledge, contributions and success of Indonesian civil society. We are a city that respects and works for citizens — we work with people and for the people. Residents of Surabaya have recognized a great deal of transformation in the city over the past few years. At the heart of these transformations is making the city a more humane and livable place for citizens, equally for the poor as for the rich. Te Surabaya City Government has always prioritized the needs and lives of the poor. Te Urban Social Forum celebrates this idea — that the city is ultimately for all. On December 19, 2015, we welcomed more than 1,000 participants from across Indonesia to take part in the Urban Social Forum at the Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 (UNTAG).