Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-83976-1 — the Basilica of Saint John Lateran to 1600 Edited by L

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Index

Aalen, Germany, 104 Ark of the Covenant, 304, 443 Abu Mena, 296 arma Christi, 447, 452 Accademia di San Luca, 118, 487 Arnolfo di Cambio, 294 Acqua Mariana, 41 Assisi, basilica of St Francis, 281 Actus Silvestri, 512 Athanasius I, emperor, 242 Aedes Parthorum, 43, 82, 83, 86 Athens, 454 Africa, 205, 206, 514 Auditorium of Maecenas, 78 Agrippina Minor, empress, 86 Augsburg, 437 Albano, 35, 97, 204, 211, 334 Augustine, 19, 20 Alberti, Alberto, 254 Augustus, emperor, 51 Aldobrandini, Ippolito, cardinal, 496 Aurelian Walls, 6, 7, 25, 26, 28, 33, 41, 83, 106, Alexander II, pope, 335 109, 242, 468, 489, 490 Alexander III, pope, 281, 314 Porta Asinaria, 25, 466, 468, 471, 472 Alexander VI, pope, 484 Porta Maggiore, 39, 109 Alexandria, farus, 154 Porta Metronia, 25 Alfarano, Tiberio, 301 Porta San Giovanni, 466, 471, 476, 479 Allen, William, cardinal, 493 Aurelius Bithus, Marcus, 108 Amphitheatrum Castrensis, 39 Aurelius Mestrius, 101 Anacletus II, pope, 191, 335 Avignon, 1, 330, 338, 345, 353, 354, 357, 361, Anastasius IV, pope, xvi, 309 421, 423 Andrea da Montecchio, 373 Papacy, 388, 401, 439 Andreuccio da Peroscia, 366, 377 Anesi, Paolo, 9, 64, 487 Baglione, Giovanni, 181, 499 Anicetus, pope, 200 Baldo, scribe, 218 Anicia family, 19 Barelli, Lia, 324 Annales Ecclesiastici, 514, 520 Baronio, Cesare, cardinal, 513, 515, 517, 518, Anteros, pope, 200 520, 521, 522 Antioch, patriarchy, 315 barracks, 33, 36 Antonelli, Giacomo, cardinal, 114 Basilica Apostolorum, 349 Antoniano, Silvio, cardinal, 521 Basilica of Julius, 211 Aqua Claudia (Claudio-Neroniano), 100, 328 Basilica of Maxentius, 148 aqua Crabra, 25, 41 Basilica Ulpia, 148 Aquincum,39 Bede, 4, 217 Ara Pacis, 161 Behrwald, Ralf, 206 Arch of Constantine, 184, 185, 195, 287, 288, 289 Bellarmino, Roberto, cardinal, 520, 521 Archive Benedict III, pope, 209, 215 Archivio Capitolare Lateranense, 284, 291 Berlin, 217, 278, 384, 385, 389 Archivio del Capitolo di San Giovanni in Bernard de Clairvaux, 454 Laterano, 489 Bernardi, Mario, 489 Archivio di Stato di Firenze, 286 Bernardino Amico, 461 Secret Vatican Archives (also Vatican Secret Bethlehem, 186, 443, 512 Archives), 474, 487 Bisconti, Fabrizio, 233 State Archives of Rome, 474 Bölling, Jörg, 349 572

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Index 573

Bologna Castra Nova Equitum Singularium (also Santo Stefano, 448 Equites Singulares, castra), 4, 6, 8, 11, 14, Boniface I, 210 37, 43, 52, 55, 59, 60, 61, 69, 70, 71, 74, 80, Boniface I, pope, 210 81, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, Boniface II, 211 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, Boniface VIII, pope, 377 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 118, 121, Borromeo, Carlo, cardinal, 501, 508 123, 125, 130, 132, 158, 169, 170, 194 Borromini, Francesco, 2, 66, 69, 70, 92, 484 principia, 11, 71, 86, 88, 94, 95, 99, 102, 103, Borromini, Giuseppe, 482 106, 111 Borromini, Pietro Antonio, 482 schola, 88, 94 Bosman, Lex, 68, 138, 326, 336 valetudinarium, 72, 89 Bramante, Donato, 343, 386, 521 via principalis, 112 Brandenburg, Hugo, 136, 147, 234 Castra Peregrina, 6, 37, 108 Brandt, Olof, 239, 243, 301 Castra Praetoria, 107, 109 Brenk, Beat, 148 Castra Priora Equitum Singularium, 6, 39, 90, Brunori, Paola, 292 101, 103, 106, 107, 108, 109 Bucarelli, Ottavio, 283 Cavalieri, Giovanni Battista, 494 Bufalini, Leonardo, 467 Celestinus III, pope (also Celestine III), Burckard, Johannes (also Burckhard), 437, 440 284, 316 Burgkmair the Elder, Hans, 440 Cesari, Bernardino, 511 Busiri Vici, Andrea, 73, 87, 114, 115, 116, 117, Charlemagne, 63 118, 120, 121, 123, 125, 126, 130, 131, Charles II of Navarre, king, 347 132, 133 Charles the Bald, 316 Byzantium, 198, 445 Charles V, king, 346, 358 Ciambelli, Agostino, 508 Caelian hill, 6, 7, 28, 33, 37, 64, 91, 96, 98, 100, Ciampini, Giovanni Giustino, 182, 257, 258, 106, 108 259, 260, 277, 278, 279, 282, 286 Caeremoniale Episcoporum, 519, 520, 522 Cicero, 41, 454 Callistus, pope, 200, 201, 202 Circignani, Niccolò, 494, 519 Callixtus II, pope, 41 Circus Maximus, 109 Calpurni Pisoni, 51, 81, 84 Ciuccio Jani Catini, 366 Campania, 150 Civita Castellana, 276 Campion, Edmund, 493 Claudius Gothicus, emperor, 160 Campo dei Fiori, 375 Claudius, emperor, 50 Campus Caelemontanus, 39, 58 Claussen, Peter Cornelius, 173, 189, 190, Campus Lateranensis, 39, 58, 325, 333, 334, 289, 311 340, 353, 375, 435 Clement I, pope, 200 Campus Martialis,39 Clement III, pope, 284 Cancellieri, Francesco, 12, 345 Clement VIII, pope, 2, 181, 284, 288, 289, 378, Canevari, Antonio, 489 496, 497, 499, 501, 504, 506, 508, 509, 511, Capgrave, John, 437, 451 512, 513, 514, 515, 520, 521 Capitol, 241, 375, 377 Clement XII, pope, 286, 288, 289, 292, 386, 489 Capitoline ‘lupa’, 376 Cletus, pope, 200 Capocciola, 367, 375 Colini, Antonio Maria, 7, 11, 94 Capponi, Alessandro, 288 College of San Tommaso di Canterbury, 493, Capua, 204 494, 519 Caracalla, emperor, 109, 110 Colonna, Jacopo, cardinal, 337 Carnuntum,39 Commodus, emperor, 11, 80 Cartaro, Mario, 471 Constans II, emperor, 210, 299 Casa de’ Crescenzi, 448 Constantine II, papal candidate, 212 Casa della Farnesina, 78 Constantine, emperor, 2, 6, 14, 18, 19, 91, 109, Casa Pilati, 448 110, 112, 134, 136, 137, 138, 144, 167, 168, Castra Albana, 102 169, 171, 183, 186, 196, 199, 202, 203, 204,

574 Index

205, 206, 207, 216, 217, 219, 222, 223, 224, earthquake, 2 279, 287, 295, 297, 309, 315, 318, 400, 429, Echinger Maurach, Claudia, 327 440, 443, 445, 457, 459, 470, 473, 482, 492, Edgerton, Samuel, 376 494, 497, 498, 504, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, Elagabalus, emperor, 39 512, 517, 518, 520, 521 Elizabeth I, queen, 493 Donation of, 206, 207, 219, 220, 224, 284, Ephesus, council, 229 306, 309, 427, 492, 494, 499, 510, 517 Equitius, priest, 203 Constantinople, 242 Eugen III, pope, 310 Hagia Sophia, 153, 452 Eugen VI, pope, 439 patriarchy, 315 Eugene IV, pope, 365, 372 Constitutum Constantini. See Constantine, Eulalius, antipope, 210 emperor, Donation of Eusebius of Caesarea, 165, 200, 203 Contini, Francesco, 158 Eutropia, empress, 19 Coppart de Velaines, 435 Eutychian, pope, 200 Corbett, Spencer, 67 Evaristus, pope, 200 Corsi, Faustino, 185 Eventius, pope, 200 Corsini Throne, 11 Corsini, Neri, 489 Fabian, pope, 200, 201 Council of Trent, 470, 496 Falda, Giovanni Battista, 486 Cremoli, Filippo, 489 Faro Focus 3D scanner, 94, 140, 243 Crown of Thorns, 447, 450 Fausta, empress, 18, 19 Felix I, pope, 202 d’Arpino, Cesare, 497, 500, 505 Felix II, pope, 202, 210 Dahm, Georg, 376 figlinae Sulpicianae,31 Dalmatia, 201, 216 Fobelli, Maria Luigia, 153 Damasus, pope, 14, 199, 300 Foligno, 269, 383 Dati, Giuliano, 451 Fontana, Domenico, 264, 332, 429, 466, 472, Davison, David P., 35, 36 474, 475, 477, 480, 482, 489, 496, 512, 513 De Blaauw, Sible, 5, 136, 147, 157, 162, 165, Fontana, Francesco, 114 186, 191, 299, 315, 324, 329, 333, 335, 400 Fontana, Giovanni, 475 de Grassis, Paris, 440 Forum of Augustus, 185 de Montaigne, Michel, 363 Forum of Trajan, 185, 288 De Rossi, Giovanni Battista, 218 Foschi, Angelotto, cardinal, 365, 366, 372 De Waal, Anton, 349 Foxe, John, 492, 493, 494 degli Uberti, Fazio, 466 Fra Mariano da Firenze, 379, 451 del Duca, Giacomo, 466, 471 Fra’ Paolino of Venice, 466 della Greca, Felice, 487 Francesco de Salimbeni, 372 della Porta, Giacomo, 521 Francia, 203, 217 Descriptio Lateranensis Ecclesiae, 157, 314, 439 Francino, Girolamo, 59 Diacono, Giovanni, 439 Freiberg, Jack, 2, 502 Dio Cassius, 108 Frontinus, 41 Diocletian, emperor, 95 Fuga, Ferdinando, 490 Dionysius, pope, 201 Domus Parthorum,86 Gagliardi, Filippo, 134, 147, 148, 179, 393 Donatio Constantini. See Constantine, Gaius, pope, 200, 201 emperor, Donation of Galilei, Alessandro, 252, 277, 286, 294, 332, 489 Donatism, 1 Galla Placidia, 210, 229, 298 Donatist schism, 18 Garofalo, 367, 375 Dosio, Giovanni Antonio, 289 Gasparri, Carlo, 243 Douai, 493 Geertman, Herman, 152, 154 Du Pérac, Stefano, 471 Gelasius. pope, 208, 211 Duchesne, Louis, 199, 203, 207 Gentile da Fabriano, 365 Düsseldorf, 257, 259, 261 Gerhoch von Reichersberg, 335

Index 575

Ginzburg, Carlo, 449, 453 Innocent XII, pope, 487 Giovanni di Bartolo, 353, 361 Innocent XIII, pope, 482 Giovenale, Giovanni Battista, 222, 226, 228 Italy, 35, 114, 205, 206, 269, 304, 339, 377, 471 Gnilka, Christian, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 Itinerarium Einsidlense, 443, 448 Gnoli, Raniero, 242 Iunius Torquatus Silanus, Decius, 51 Görlitz, 461 Greece, 205 Jerome, 13, 14, 16, 85 Gregory I, pope, 306, 510 Jerusalem, 304, 310, 315, 404, 430, 434, 435, Gregory II, pope, 215 442, 443, 444, 447, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, Gregory III, pope, 213 461, 464, 465, 466 Gregory IV, pope, 261 fortress Antonia, 461 Gregory XI, pope, 1, 357, 470 Golgotha, 436, 443, 461 Gregory XIII, pope, 284, 451, 466, 470, 471, Holy Sepulchre, 456, 461 492, 493, 497, 521 Lithostrathos (also Gabbatha), 461 Gregory XIV, pope, 496 palace of Pilate, 430, 434, 435, 447, 449, 451, Greuter, Matthias, 508 456, 459, 461, 464 Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), 52, 53, 57, patriarchy, 315 69, 91, 102, 138, 140, 248 Temple of Solomon, 354, 403, 435 Guidobaldi, Federico, 39, 224, 229 Via Dolorosa, 456, 461 Joan of France, Queen, 346 Hadrian I, pope, 209, 214, 299 Joanna of Anjou, Queen, 346 Hadrian II, pope, 215 John IV, pope, 209, 216 Hadrian IV, pope, 301 John the Deacon, 17, 18 Hadrian, emperor, 39 John X, pope, 308 Halbwachs, Maurice, 461 John XII, pope, 241 Helen, empress, 459 Josi, Enrico, 10, 67, 79, 93, 94 Herklotz, Ingo, 306 Judas, 405, 432, 447 Hilarus, pope, 239, 241, 242, 243, 247, 300 Julius II, pope, 327, 343 Hoffmann, Volker, 252, 255 Juvarra, Filippo, 487 Holy Cross, 204, 205, 216, 333, 442 Juvenal, 12, 16, 51, 83 Holy Lance, 447, 450 Holy Land, 429, 442, 443, 444, 445, 448, 450, Kieven, Elisabeth, 487 454, 458, 461 Kirschbaum, Engelbert, 349 Honorius I, pope, 214 Krautheimer, Richard, 4, 67, 69, 134, 136, 139, Honorius III, pope, 281, 283 146, 147, 148, 171, 174, 176, 177, 178, 179, Honorius, emperor, 41, 210, 242, 297, 298 189, 190, 218, 221, 224, 226, 231, 329, 337 Hormisdas, pope, 211 Horti Calyclani,85 Lafrery, Antoine, 59 Horti Lamiani,85 Lampl, Paul, 134 Horti of Caius Sallustius Crispus Passienus, 86 Lanciani, Rodolfo, 106, 107, 117 Horti of Maecenas, 85 Lateran Horti Pallantiani,86 acheiropoieta, 320, 442, 444, 452 Horti Sallustiani,85 Aedes Laterani, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, Horti Tauriani,85 20, 43 Horti Torquatiani,51 Aedes Lateranorum, 12, 15, 51, 83, 84 Hospital of St John, 10 Altar of the Holy Sacrament, 174, 183, 315, 443 Infessura, Stefano, 370 Annibaldi Tower, 376, 474, 477, 480 Innocent I, pope, 17 apse, 8, 17, 63, 71, 87, 102, 110, 114, 115, 116, Innocent II, pope, 309, 335 118, 121, 126, 127, 131, 132, 133, 136, 147, Innocent III, pope, 281, 314, 316, 320, 334, 350, 155, 158, 159, 170, 187, 190, 192, 194, 238, 421, 492 274, 301, 318, 320, 322, 323, 324, 337, 413, Innocent X, pope, 66, 172, 173, 318, 466, 482, 489 420, 432, 442, 497, 513, 516, 517

576 Index

Lateran (cont.) Fifth Council, 440 baptistery, 6, 8, 17, 52, 78, 110, 202, 203, 204, Fourth Council, 424, 427 205, 206, 208, 209, 211, 213, 216, 217, 219, fullonica, 88, 89 221, 222, 224, 226, 227, 229, 231, 233, 236, Galilei’s façade, 11 239, 241, 242, 243, 248, 257, 299, 300, 301, High Altar, 274, 317, 333, 358, 359, 377, 445, 333, 402, 405, 428, 429, 430, 435, 440, 448, 501, 502, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 514, 467, 473, 480, 497, 518 517, 521 baptistery, Oratory of St Stephen, 213 lapidary, 429, 465 basilica, 1, 4, 6, 8, 52, 82, 83, 84, 92, 112, 134, Loggia of Benediction (also Loggia of the 136, 138, 147, 148, 152, 162, 167, 192, 202, Blessings), 334, 340, 468, 480, 482, 484, 486 204, 211, 219, 221, 236, 241, 243, 257, 270, macellum, 72, 87, 88 275, 294, 295, 296, 303, 306, 308, 309, 313, Macrona, 435, 477 315, 317, 318, 320, 325, 327, 332, 336, 345, main altar, 170, 187, 191, 192, 196, 315, 345, 353, 354, 358, 365, 372, 377, 379, 381, 400, 347, 348, 350, 353, 444, 504, 507, 401, 402, 403, 405, 411, 414, 415, 417, 427, 509, 517 429, 439, 496, 500, 509, 511, 513, 516, 517 mensura Christi, 432, 437, 440, 444, 447, 451, basilica, Basilica Aurea (also Golden Basilica), 4 464, 465 basilica, Basilica Constantiniana (also monastery of the Passionist Fathers, 20 Constantinian Basilica), 4, 8, 52, 91, 102, Navata Clementina, 497, 499, 500, 502, 510, 105, 106, 108, 112, 119, 138, 139, 143, 146, 512, 517, 518, 520, 522 168, 169, 170, 171, 185, 186, 194, 195, 196, nymphaeum, 2, 239, 240, 241, 242, 248 197, 200, 203, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, obelisk, 480 212, 213, 214, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 236, Oratory of Santa Croce (also Oratory of the 297, 325, 468, 482 Holy Cross. See Lateran, Chapel of the basilica, Basilica Lateranensis,14 Holy Cross basilica, Basilica Salvatoris (also Saviour’s Oratory of Santissimo Sacramento, 19 Church), 179, 194, 213, 296, 442, 445, 517 Oratory of St John the Baptist. See Lateran, baths, 51, 61, 82, 102, 242 Chapel of St John the Baptist bell towers, 264, 338, 470 Oratory of St John the Evangelist. See Casa dei Penitenzieri, 65, 486, 487, 489, 490 Lateran, Chapel of St John the Evangelist cavetto, 329, 338 Oratory of St Thomas. See Lateran, Chapel of Chapel of St John the Baptist, 208, 213, 217, St Thomas 219, 229, 300 palace, 5, 9, 59, 63, 78, 173, 198, 210, 211, 215, Chapel of St John the Evangelist, 208, 213, 219, 276, 287, 349, 350, 355, 377, 402, 216, 217, 219, 229, 244, 300 428, 435, 448, 449, 453, 456, 496, 509, Chapel of St Silvester, 435 510, 519 Chapel of St Thomas, 241, 252, 255, 257, palace, Aula Concilii (also Sala del Concilio), 286, 484 329, 334, 340, 377, 432, 433, 437, 449, 451 Chapel of St Venanzio, 110 palace, Chapel of St Lawrence (also Oratory of Chapel of the Holy Cross, 52, 208, 213, 217, St Lawrence), 306, 349, 350, 355, 429, 442 229, 240, 243, 300, 429, 461 palace, Sala di Costantino, 510, 519 choir ambulatory, 429, 432 palace, Salvator icon (also Icon of the cloister, 9, 279, 309, 332, 336, 385, 429, 430, Saviour), 320, 350, 354, 444 432, 435, 458, 465 patriarchium, 1, 5, 6, 17, 22, 53, 55, 61, 64, 65, Colonna Chapel, 243 70, 304, 311, 316, 317, 402, 467, 472, 473, Corsini chapel, 11, 92, 95, 107 474, 480, 481, 489, 496 Domus Faustae, 1, 4, 204 Pilate doors, 449, 454 eastern façade, 1, 186, 250, 307, 318, 466, 486 Pilate’s house, 443 equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, Portico Leoniano, 114, 116, 117, 121, 274, 468, 495 324, 435 fastigium, 136, 139, 150, 151, 155, 158, 160, posterula,7 161, 162, 165, 183, 186, 187, 192, 196, 208, reliquaries of Peter and Paul, 345 216, 236, 402 Sacrisrty of Canons, 497

Index 577

Sancta Sanctorum, 19, 64, 269, 275, 297, 303, Lucius, pope, 200 328, 353, 354, 366, 429, 435, 440, 442, 445, Lund University, 224, 231 477, 480 Lusius Petellinus, Lucius, 81 scala Pilati, 448 Lusnia, Susann S., 108 scrinium,19 solea, 136, 138, 139, 150, 155, 162, 165 Macerata, 493 southern ambulatory, 497 Maderno, Carlo, 513 suburban villa, 71, 72, 83, 123 Madonna Ginevra di Ciccone Fiorentino, 284 synod, 1, 212, 216 Madrid, 487 transept, 2, 54, 56, 67, 68, 69, 171, 172, 176, Maecenas, 39 181, 183, 189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 250, 262, Maggi, Giovanni, 508 264, 265, 270, 271, 272, 274, 275, 284, 288, Magrì, Rossella, 365, 377 297, 301, 309, 315, 318, 325, 328, 329, 332, Mallius, Peter, 314, 316 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 340, 341, 345, Malmstrom, Rickard E., 172, 190 365, 377, 378, 470, 497, 500, 502, 504, 508, Mannheim, 294 509, 511, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 522 Marangoni, Giovanni, 176 Trapezoidal Building, 71, 73, 79, 86, 88, 89, Marcellinus, pope, 200 90, 99, 100, 102, 111, 115, 117, 118, 120, Marcellus, pope, 200 122, 123, 125, 127, 128 Marchetti, Giuseppe, 256, 261 Triclinium of Pope Leo III, 63, 64, 65, 70, Marcus Aurelius, emperor, 20 271, 466, 474, 486, 487, 488, 489 Martin I, pope, 212 Lateran Chapter, 114, 138, 311, 314, 396, 438 Martin V, pope, 164, 379, 388, 390, 393, Lateran hill, 43, 46, 47, 51 397, 439 Lateran Project, 6, 52, 61, 67, 91, 92, 94, 98, 101, Martinelli, Fioravante, 465 138, 140, 142, 239, 243, 248 Martyrologium Romanum, 494, 521 Latium, 352 Mathis, Paola, 324 Lauer, Philippe, 19 Mattei, Tommaso, 489 Laurence, antipope, 211 Maurice the Cartularius, 211 Legio II Parthica,97 mausoleum of Hadrian, 309 Leica scan stations, 140, 243 mausoleum of St Helena, xvi, 106, 204, 309 Lentes, Thomas, 454 Maxentius, 168 Leo III, pope, 63, 64, 301 Maximian, emperor, 19, 95 Leo IV, pope, 212, 215, 252, 261, 308 Meditationes Vitae Christi, 446 Leo V, pope, 308 Meinert, Till, 461 Leo X, pope, 438, 440 Mellini, Benedetto, 259, 284 Leo XIII, pope, 114 mensa Domini, 442 Liber Pontificalis, 17, 63, 136, 138, 144, 150, Metro Line C., 25, 39, 46 154, 155, 156, 158, 160, 186, 187, 197, 198, Milan, 210 199, 200, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 209, Miller, Dayton C., collection, 509 210, 211, 212, 213, 216, 219, 220, 222, 224, Millini, Benedetto. See Mellini, Benedetto 228, 229, 234, 236, 239, 243, 248, 251, 262, Millini, Urbano, 359, 360, 361 306, 309, 310, 335, 401, 508, 512 Miltiades, pope, 204 Libera, Antonio, 482 Milvian Bridge, battle of, 4, 110, 168, 295 Liberius, pope, 210 Mirabilia, 439 Licinian Rogations, 16 Mithras, 20 Licinius Calvus Stolo, Caius, 16 Mols, Stephan, 225 Ligorio, Pirro, 470, 472 monastery of SS Andrew and Linus, pope, 200 Bartholomew, 214 Lippi, Filippino, 481 monastery of SS John the Evangelist, John the Liverani, Paolo, 92 Baptist and St Pancras, 213 Lloyd, Joan Barclay, 134, 136 monastery of St Pancras, 214 London Charter, 138, 167 Montinaro, Federico, 206, 207 Luchterhandt, Manfred, 64 Moormann, Eric, 225

578 Index

Mount Soratte, 498 Piazza di Porta San Giovanni, 475, 491 Mucanzio, Giovanni Paolo, 506 Piazza Farnese, 493 Muffel, Nikolaus, 430, 432, 437, 440, 448 Piazza Giovanni Paolo II, 55 Münster, 327, 329 Piazza San Giovanni, 39, 55, 241, 470, 479 Musco, Chiara, 264, 270 Piazzale Metronio, 28 Myron, 11 Piero della Francesca, 449, 453, 459 Pippin, father of Charlemagne, 303 Nadal, Jeronimo, 459, 461 Pippin, son of Charlemagne, 212 Nash, Ernest, 18 Piro, Salvatore, 189 Nazareth Pisanello, 365 Mary’s house, 429, 435 Pisonian conspiracy, 12, 51, 85 Nebbia, Cesare, 509, 511 Pius IV, pope, 470, 497 Neri, Filippo, 513 Pius V, pope, 470, 496 Nero, emperor, 12, 15, 22, 51, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86 Pius IX, pope, 114 Nesselrath, Arnold, 365 Pius XII, pope, 293 Nicaea, synod, 203 Plautius Lateranus, 12, 14, 16, 22, 51, 82, 85 Nicholas I, pope, 212, 215, 217 Plautius Lateranus, Sextius, 15 Nicholas III, pope, 269, 275, 353 Pliny the Elder, 154 Nicholas IV, pope (also Nicolas IV), 172, 274, Pompeii 275, 322, 390 House of the Bracciale d’Oro, 78 Nicola di Valmontone, 368, 370, 373 House of the Cubicoli Floreali, 78 Nicolaus de Angelo (also Nicolò d’Angelo), 183 House of the Frutteto, 78 Nijmegen House of the Menandro, 78 castrum, 34 Villa of Diomedes, 74 Ninfa, 269 Pontian, pope, 200 Nogari, Paris, 516, 517 Pontifical Commission of Sacred Archaeology, 94 ollae perforatae,43 Pontificale Romanum, 509, 511, 513, 520, 522 Optatus of Milevi, 18, 19, 204 Porto, 211 Ostia, 35, 204 Pozzo, Andrea, 487 Ostrow, Steven, 515 Praetorian Guard, 97 Ottoboni, Pietro, cardinal, 288, 489 Procopius, 41 Ousterhout, Robert, 457 Prudentius, 16, 17, 18 Ptolemy of Lucca, 203, 353 palace of Cardinal Stefano Conti, 341 Pyrenees, 242 Aula Gotica, 341 Chapel of Silvester, 341 Qual’at Sem’an, 296 Palladio, 440 Quirinal hill, 241 Pamphili, Benedetto, cardinal, 489 Quirinal Palace, 243 Pantheon, 185, 495 Panvinio, Onofrio, 284, 389, 393, 394, 397 Raphael, 494, 495, 518 Panzera, Battista, 158 Ravenna, 210, 212, 232 Paolo de lo Mastro, 366 San Giovanni Evangelista, 229 Paolo di Lello Petrone, 366, 375 Regionary Catalogues, 36 Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino, 377 Ricci, Giovanni Battista, 509, 511 Paris, 395 Righi, Francesco, 257, 261 Louvre, 383, 394 Roca de Amicis, Augusto, 173, 389, 393 Paschal I, pope, 212, 214, 215, 261 Rochi, Prospero, 475 Paschal II, pope, 309, 351 Roman Forum, 113, 160, 162 Patrimonium Petri, 303, 510 Rostra, 162 Paul I, pope, 215 Roman pilgrims route, 317 Paul the Silentiary, 153 Romano, John, 213 Pelliccioni, Giovanni, 239 Roncalli, Cristoforo, 518

Index 579

Rufinus, 203 Sergius II, pope, 209, 215, 250, 252, 257, 261, Rusticucci, Girolamo, cardinal, 513 278, 286, 289, 306, 336 Sergius III, pope, 137, 308 San Clemente, 269 Séroux d’Agincourt, Jean-Baptiste, 348 San Giorgio al Velabro, 261, 515 Servestro de Pallone, 370 San Lorenzo fuori le Mura, 269, 276, 281, 336 Servian Walls, 83 San Lorenzo in Damaso, 162 Sessorian palace, 4, 106, 109, 110, 113, 202, San Martino ai Monti, 134, 179, 261, 393 204, 205 San Paolo fuori le mura, 197, 203, 205, 208, 210, Severano, Giovanni, 181 221, 276, 282, 332, 349, 443, 513 Severinus, pope, 211 San Pietro in Vaticano. See St Peter’s basilica Sextius Lateranus, 15, 16 San Pietro in Vincoli, 327 Sextius Lateranus, Sextius, 43 San Sebastiano, 349 Sextius Lateranus, Titus, 13, 22, 43, 82, 84, 86 San Sebastiano fuori le mura, 471 Sextius Sextinus Lateranus, 16 Sancta Sanctorum, 473 Sicily, 205 Sangallo, Giuliano da, 232 Silverius, pope, 199 Sant’Apollinare, 494 Silvester, pope, 4, 200, 202, 203, 204, 219, 318, Santa Cecilia in Trastevere, 261 402, 442, 492, 498, 504, 507, 508, 510, 511, Santa Costanza, 221 517, 519, Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, 284, 334, 443, Simplicius, pope, 298 444, 480, 487, 490 Sinthern, Pietro, 349 Santa Francesca Romana, 270 Sixtus I, pope, 200 Santa Giuliana in Perugia, 361 Sixtus II, pope, 200 Santa Maria in Aracoeli, 373 Sixtus III, pope, 208, 216, 223, 228, 229, Santa Maria in Navicella, 515 234, 470 Santa Maria in Trastevere, 210, 336 Sixtus IV, pope, 329, 338 Santa Maria Maggiore, 211, 214, 225, 243, 275, Sixtus V, pope, 53, 59, 63, 65, 173, 181, 229, 241, 318, 327, 333, 343, 403, 443, 444, 470, 480, 264, 338, 428, 435, 466, 470, 472, 473, 477, 502, 512 478, 480, 484, 486, 496, 501, 503, 509, 512, Capella Sistina, 501 513, 519 Cappella del Presepio, 512 Soresini, Giuseppe Maria, 345, 372 Santa Maria Nova, 335 Spinola, Giandomenico, 102 Santa Maria Sopra Minerva spolia, 2, 134, 137, 138, 143, 144, 171, 184, 194, Carafa Chapel, 481 195, 254, 261, 449 Santa Prassede, 261, 515 St Antony of Padua, 320 Santa Susanna, 173, 513 St Francis, 275, 306, 319, 320, 454 Sant’Agnese, 173, 203, 221 St Peter and St Marcellinus, 106, 204 Santi Nereo e Achilleo, 261, 515, 518 St Peter, pope, 197, 200, 201, 204, 205, 236, 304, Santi Quattro Coronati, 252, 253, 257, 261, 269, 315, 354, 358, 372, 378, 444 270, 271, 341, 492 St Peter’s basilica, 1, 110, 147, 171, 179, 185, Santo Stefano, 443 186, 194, 196, 197, 203, 204, 205, 208, 210, Santo Stefano Rotondo, 6, 335, 494, 519 211, 214, 216, 221, 294, 296, 297, 298, 299, sarcophagus, 242, 297, 309 300, 301, 303, 304, 308, 311, 314, 315, 316, Sarti, Antonio, 114 317, 332, 343, 349, 354, 355, 361, 440, 443, Scala Sancta (also Scala Santa), 20, 64, 78, 82, 444, 470, 482, 522 286, 429, 434, 435, 438, 440, 444, 448, 449, Altar of Simon and Judas, 448 451, 453, 454, 459, 461, 464, 465, 467, 472, Cathedra Petri, 316 473, 480, 482, 486, 488, 490 Oratory of Petronilla, 218, 299 Scrinari, Valnea, 9 Stephen I, pope, 200 Septimius Severus, emperor, 4, 8, 13, 15, 16, 22, Stephen II, pope, 215, 219 24, 43, 81, 82, 84, 91, 95, 97, 103, 108, Stephen III, pope, 212, 215 109, 110 Stephen V, pope, 215 Sergius I, pope, 216 Stevenson, Enrico, 123, 126

580 Index

Strozzi, Alessandro, 466 Vatican hill, 196, 296 suspensurae,44 Vatican Museums, 20, 224, 243, 276, 293, 384 sylloge of Lauresham, 241 Galleria dei Candelabri, 243 Sylvester I, pope. See Silvester, pope Raphael Rooms, 20 Symmachus, pope, 16, 300, 301 Venuti, Ridolfino, 288, 289 synod of 313, 1, 18, 204 Vera Icon, 316 Veronica (also Vera Icon), 356, 446 Tabula Magna Lateranensis, 430, 438, 440 Vespasian, emperor, 279, 443 Tacitus, 16, 84, 85 Vespignani, Virginio, 116, 125, 126, 127, 128, 323 Telesphorus, pope, 200 Via Amba Aradam, 51, 81 Temple of Castor, 174 Via Appia, 201, 349, 470, 486 Temple of Divus Julius, 174 Via Asinaria, 7, 51, 71, 77, 83, 84 Temple of the Palatine Apollo, 154 Via Aurelia, basilica, 202 Theoderich, king, 16 Via Casilina Vecchia, 25 Theodosius, son of Galla Placidia, 298 Via Celimontana, 468, 472 Theodulus, deacon, 200 Via della Ferratella, 470 Thessaloniki Via di San Giovanni, 480, 482 Arch of Galerius, 161 Via Emanuele Filiberto, 39 Tiber, 46, 202, 448 Via Farsalo, 28 Titus, emperor, 315, 443 Via Illiria, 28 Tivoli Via La Spezia, 25, 28 San Silvestro, 492 Via Merulana, 470 Tizzani, Vincenzo, 114 Via Ostiense, 349 Tomasi, Michele, 362 Via Sacra, 14 tomb, chamber, 9 Via Sannio, 25, 27, 28, 39, 42, 51 Tomlin, Roger S. O., 98 Via Statilia, 39 Torriti, Jacopo, 115, 116, 274, 320, 323, 325 Via Tasso, 39, 106, 108 Trajan, emperor, 39, 108 Via Tusculana, 7, 8, 9, 51, 59, 60, 70, 71, 73, 74, Trajan’s Column, 241 76, 79, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 100 Trier, 447 Viale Carlo Felice, 25 basilica, 226 Viale Ipponio, 28, 36, 39 Victor, pope, 200 Ugonio, Pompeo, 174, 180, 284, 432, 510, 512 Vienna Urban I, pope, 201 Albertina, 179 Urban V, pope, 317, 345, 353, 354, 357, 358, Vigiles,97 361, 371, 390, 445 fifth cohort, 37 Villa of Livia at Prima Porta, 78 Valadier, Giuseppe, 243, 348, 490 Villa of Valerius Asiaticus, 86 Valentine, pope, 215 Vitalian, pope, 210 Valentinian III, emperor, 210, 298 Vitelleschi, Giovanni Maria, cardinal, 372 Valla, Lorenzo, 492 Votive offerings, 9 van Heemskerck, Martin (also Maarten van Heemskerck), 59, 264, 328, 329, 468, 481 Waddy, Patricia, 134, 136 van Lint, Hendrik, 257, 259, 261, 278 Wadi Hammamat, 242 van Overbeek, Bonaventura, 289 Werro, Sebastiano, 515 Vassalletto, Pietro, 282 Wilson Jones, Mark, 185 Vatican, 354, 439, 444, 518 grotte, 521 Xystus II, pope, 200 palace, 353, 492, 494, 522 Pauline Chapel, 504 Zacharias, pope, 217 Sala di Costantino, 492, 494, 518 Zagotto, Natalino, xxiii, 138 Sistine Chapel, 504, 514 Zephyrinus, pope, 201 Vatican Apostolic Library, 131 Zuccari, Alessandro, 518