AccessibleAccessible Multifamily Housing Key Code Requirements from Volume 1-C (1999)

of the North Carolina State Building Code Accessible MULTI MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSINGfamily MULTIFAMILY HOUSINGAccessible MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING Multifamily Housing MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING Housing MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING Key Code Requirements from Volume 1-C (1999) MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY of the North Carolina State Building Code for the HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING Design of Type “A” and Type “B” Dwelling Units MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY Produced by HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY THE CENTER FOR UNIVERSAL DESIGN HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING College of Design MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING North Carolina State University MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY For the HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING North Carolina Independent Living MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING Rehabilitation Program MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING Division of Vocational Rehabilitation Services MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY Department of Health and Human Services HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY C R E D I T S

Authorship: Leslie C. Young and Rex J. Pace

Architectural Design and Conceptual Illustration: Rex J. Pace and Leslie C. Young

Graphic Design and Production: Robert R. Rock

Production Assistance: Denee Black, Danny Vinson

Illustration: Rex J. Pace and Mark A. Pace

© 2000 THE CENTER FOR UNIVERSAL DESIGN

Disclaimer The statements and conclusions contained advisory and the guidance provided is not in this manual are those of the Center for legally binding. While the manual does refer Universal Design. This document is intended to to specific state building code requirements, serve as a guide to design professionals and it is not intended to supersede or supplant building owners as the state of North Carolina any law or regulation. Readers are advised encourages and promotes the concept of to refer to specific laws and regulations, and accessibility. The Center for Universal Design to remember that no guarantee is offered or has made every effort to verify the accuracy implied for the completeness of the information and appropriateness of this manual’s content provided in this document or its acceptability so that it may be regarded as an accurate for compliance with the North Carolina State resource document. Yet, the information is only Building Code. F o r e w o r d Foreword Acknowledgements A debt of gratitude is owed John Dalrymple A place to live that allows freedom of whose unflagging drive and insight have movement and offers shelter and comfort helped make accessible housing a reality for eating, bathing, sleeping—and space for thousands of North Carolinians. to share life with a family and community Also special thanks to the North of friends. Freedom to go out of doors Carolina Department of Insurance and for a breath of fresh air, to take a stroll, especially to Laurel Wright and Jeff and perhaps visit a park with friends. For Kanner who gave us suggestions and those who work outside the home, a place advice along the way. of respite and rest before starting the next A special note of thanks goes to Fred day. A place to dream and a place from Mills, Sr. of Mills Construction, who has which to pursue those dreams. And for demonstrated great leadership by enthusi- those with increasing lifespans, a place astically pursuing effective solutions that to age “in place.” support the concepts of universal design to live and pursue and fulfill A place within the housing his firm builds, to dreams is taken for granted by many of us. increase its usability by all potential inhab- But for many people with disabilities the itants. And also an appreciative word goes words and illustrations contained herein to his architect Wayne Jones who helped are not just architectural and interior us further refine this document. designs to follow as part of a building And, as always, with the utmost respect, code. They represent the ideals of our we thank Ronald L. Mace, FAIA (deceased country’s founding fathers—life, liberty June 1998) whose mission of a universal and the pursuit of happiness—because a world guides us still. place to live is the essential and basic start-

ing point from which to pursue and enjoy these ideals. For people with disabilities, their families and friends, this document lives and breathes when acted upon, offer- ing hope for now and the future. I encourage you to incorporate these designs, not just because they may be required. Incorporate them for yourself, those you love and your friends—because you, or those around you, may need them sooner or later. And they are user friendly and accommodating now for people with or without disabilities, becoming increas- ingly desirable and preferred by those looking for a place to live and pursue their dreams. John Dalrymple Assistant Director for Independent Living Rehabilitation Program North Carolina Division of Vocational Rehabilitation Services

Table of Contents Table of Contents

vii INTRODUCTION

9 C H A P T E R 1 Overview and Background

13 C H A P T E R 2 Scoping Requirements for Type “A” and Type “B” Dwelling Units

17 C H A P T E R 3 The Design of Type “A” and Type “B” Dwelling Units

37 RESOURCES

Introduction Introduction fully accessible and type “B” accessible. Differences and similarities are identified For many years the state of North Carolina and rationale for each is presented. has been striving to ensure that people This publication also introduces a new with disabilities are able to assume the full concept, universal design, that is gathering responsibilities of citizenship. On March increased acceptance across the country. 13, 1973, the state adopted Chapter 11X, Since building code requirements are, of a much-enhanced accessibility code that necessity, minimal and therefore often do also included provisions for the design of not present the most optimum design accessible housing. The U.S. Congress, solutions, universal design suggestions are recognizing that inaccessible buildings are presented to improve usability. Examples one form of discrimination, passed in 1988, are given to show how universal design the Fair Housing Act Amendments, and in can be employed to increase the usability 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act of all dwelling units and, in particular, vii (ADA). Each contains design specifications enhance the marketability of type “A” that provide minimum requirements for fully accessible units. building design to eliminate discriminatory This publication neither replaces nor is building practices and make spaces usable a substitute for the relevant sections of the by people with disabilities. North Carolina State Accessibility Code. On September 16, 1998, the state of Rather it is intended to expedite the under- North Carolina adopted a new building standing of the requirements, provide the code that incorporated the design and reader with a general awareness of the needs construction requirements from the Fair of people with disabilities, and facilitate Housing Act and the ADA. The goal is to creative solutions for compliance. ensure architects, designers, and builders Readers still must rely on Volume1-C that by following the new state building (1999) of the building code. In addition, code their structures will meet the the U.S. Department of Housing and requirements of both federal and state law. Urban Development produced a technical The new Volume 1-C: Making Buildings assistance manual on the design and con- and Facilities Accessible to and Usable by struction requirements of the Fair Housing Persons with Disabilities became effective Act. Contact the state or regional HUD July 1, 1999. office for a copy of the Fair Housing Act This publication, Accessible Multifamily Design Manual, see page 37, “Resources.” Housing in North Carolina, highlights key issues from the July 1, 1999, building code that apply to the design and construction of new multifamily housing. Primarily drawn from Chapter 30: Multifamily Dwellings, it focuses on the scope and the design of the two types of accessible dwelling units now required: type “A”

Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units C H A P T E R 1 Overview and Background (ADA). States have been encouraged to Legislation adopt the design requirements of both the Fair Housing Act and the ADA into their Starting in the late 1950’s on the national own building code. The North Carolina level many pieces of legislation have been Building Code, amended through the years, passed and design standards created to experienced its most significant change with eliminate discrimination toward people the adoption of Volume 1-C (1999). It with disabilities. A few examples include: incorporates the design requirements from • 1961 — First American National both the Fair Housing Act and the ADA Standard (ANSI A117.1) to govern how buildings and facilities are • 1968 — Architectual Barriers Act designed, constructed, and modified to be accessible. This new code became effective • 1973 — Section 504 of the July 1, 1999. Rehabilitation Act • 1975 — P.L. 94-141 Education for All 1999 Edition of Volume 1-C 9 Handicapped Children Act Prior to 1999 the North Carolina • 1980 — New ANSI Standard (A117.1) Accessibility Code addressed multifamily • 1984 —Uniform Federal Accessibility housing along with other overnight Standard accommodations such as hotels, motels, and transient residential facilities in The goal was and still is to give people with Chapter 5: Minimum Requirements for disabilities an equal opportunity to partici- Residential and Institutional Occupancies. pate in the rich mosaic of American life. In the revised 1999 edition these have Economic self-sufficiency, self-determination, been assigned separate chapters: Chapter and independent living are possible only if 30: Multifamily Housing and Chapter 29: housing that is usable by people with Transient Lodging. disabilities is available in large numbers and Prior to the adoption of Volume 1-C in a range of configurations and locations. (1999), small apartment complexes of less North Carolina was an early leader in than 11 units were exempt from meeting creating accessible housing for people any accessibility requirements. Now smaller with disabilities when, in 1973, accessible complexes are covered and a greater number housing requirements were added to the of units must be accessible. Public and state building code. common use spaces must meet the require- At that time the North Carolina ments of the building code and dwelling General Assembly also enacted tax credits units must meet the requirements of type which are still in effect for construction “A” fully accessible, type “B” accessible, or of certain “dwelling units for handicapped in some instances are not covered. persons.” For further details on these tax The requirements for the type “A” credits, reference should be made to North fully accessible unit are very similar to the Carolina General Statute 105-130.22 which specifications that have been in the North addresses corporate owners and General Carolina building code for some years Statute 105-151.1 which addresses indi- describing an accessible dwelling unit. vidual, partnership, trust and estate owners. The significant change is the addition of The U. S. Congress responding to a new unit design, the type “B” accessible national social consciousness passed in1988 unit, which is equivalent to the dwelling the Fair Housing Amendments Act and in unit specifications required in the federal 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act Fair Housing Act. Chapter 1 - Overview and Background

The requirements for type “B” units An emphasis on accessible environments are less stringent than those for type “A” is an acceptance that there is no one-model units. As stated in the U.S. House Report individual whose characteristics remain 711, the requirements of the federal Fair static throughout his or her lifetime. For Housing Act are intended to place only architects and designers, this acceptance “modest accessibility requirements on translates into consideration of the broad covered multifamily dwellings...These range of human abilities and activities and modest requirements will be incorporated how to accommodate these through design. into the design of new buildings, resulting in features which do not look unusual and Types Of Disabilities will not add significant additional costs” eTher e ar hundreds of different disabilities (U.S. House Report 711, 100th Congress, that can manifest in varying degrees. While 2nd Session at 25 and 18). one person may have multiple disabilities, another may have a disability with symp- Demographics 10 toms that fluctuate. Sometimes, less obvi- Some 40-50 million Americans are ous are people who have diseases of the thought to experience serious or chronic heart or lungs, neurological diseases with disabling conditions. A conservative resulting lack of coordination, arthritis, estimate based on careful research is that or rheumatism that may reduce physical about 20% of all households in the United stamina or cause pain. Many people also States today include one or more people experience reduction in overall ability as with significant disabilities. This number they age. People of extreme size or weight will increase dramatically over the next often need accommodation as well. 20 years as the “baby boomer” generation In addition to people with permanent reaches older adulthood. disabilities, there are others who may have a Accounting for less than 10% of the temporary condition that affects their usual population in 1975, nearly one in every abilities. Broken bones, illness, trauma, or four Americans will be age 65 or over by surgery—all may affect a person’s use of the the year 2020. In addition to the status of built environment for a short time. Most the population at any given moment, architectural design standards are based on most people will be individually affected the needs of people defined by one of the over time. At some point in their lifetime, following four general categories: 70% of all Americans will have either a temporary or permanent disability. Every- one experiences some form of change in physical and/or cognitive abilities as they age. In the broadest sense, most of us, at some time in our lives, will have a disabil- ity of some type; it is the rare few who will not. And there are pressing regional and state demographics as well. The rural south has the highest rates of disability in the country and the population of North Carolina is both changing and expanding as it continues to attract retirees. Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units Chapter 1 - Overview and Background

Universal Design. Adaptability is a step type “A” and “B” units, these units look 1 Mobility Disabilities -This category closer to universal design and, in fact, is a like conventional housing. In fact, the includes people who use wheelchairs and feature of universal design. Universal design same adaptable features could be included those who use other mobility aids. is a philosophy and a goal that strives to in all units, making it less expensive than accommodate the broadest possible spec- constructing a small percentage of “A” Wheelchair Users - People with severe trum of human ability in the design of all units significantly different in design, with mobility disabilities use either a power- products and environments. It can be used the remainder being type “B” units or yet driven or manually operated wheelchair to help meet building code requirements a third inaccessible design. or, the more recent development, the while at the same time increase usability By creating housing that can fit any three- and four-wheeled cart or scooter of a feature, space, or entire dwelling unit, occupant, the universal design approach to maneuver through the environment. incorporate aesthetics, and maintain a opens up the possibility for mass-produced, People who use wheelchairs have some of marketable appearance. attractive, and universally usable housing the most obvious access problems. They Many of the features in accessible in all sizes, price ranges, and locations. include maneuvering through narrow units have proven to be helpful to people Developers and builders will find it is less spaces, going up or down steep paths, other than those with a disability, and expensive to build more units of the same moving over rough or uneven surfaces, 2 Vision Disabilities - This category 11 when invisibly integrated, they increase kind. Owners and managers will be able making use of toilet and bathing facilities, includes people with partial vision or total the functionality of space for all people. to rent to a larger market. reaching and seeing items placed at con- vision loss. Some people with a vision By including adaptable features in both ventional heights, and negotiating steps or disability can distinguish light and dark, changes in level at an entrance. Key universal features to consider including in all dwelling units. sharply contrasting colors, or large print, but cannot read small print, negotiate dimly lit spaces, or tolerate high glare. Entrances • variable height work surfaces adjustable through a range of 28 to 42 inches Many people who are blind depend upon • one entrance without steps their sense of touch and hearing to perceive Bathrooms their environment and communicate • minimum five x five-foot maneuvering space at the stepless entrance • adaptable cabinets to reveal knee with others. Many use a cane or have a space under lavatory service animal to facilitate moving about. • for viewing, a sidelight or a peephole Some problems experienced by people at 42 and 60 inches above the floor • enlarged reinforced areas around toilets and bathing fixtures to provide with vision disabilities include orientation, General Interior secure mounting locations other than receiving written or graphic information, the minimums found in design standards using controls that are not adequately • all closet rods adjustable to labeled, and avoiding hazardous protruding 48 inches above the floor • offset controls in tub or shower to minimize stooping, bending, objects which they cannot detect. Kitchens and reaching • adaptable cabinets to reveal knee • single-lever faucets Ambulatory Mobility Disabilities - This space at sink and under work surface category includes people who walk with near cooking appliance • toilet centered in a minimum 36-inch wide space, 18 inches difficulty or who have a disability that • cooktop with front- or side-mounted from the sidewall affects gait. People who use crutches, controls and staggered burners to canes, walkers, braces, artificial limbs, or eliminate dangerous reaching • adjustable height hand-held orthopedic shoes are also included in this shower head • single-lever faucets category as well as those who do not have • mirror to backsplash at lavatory full use of their arms or hands, or who • side-by-side refrigerator/freezer or refrigerator/freezer with frozen lack coordination. Activities that may be food storage in the bottom difficult for people with mobility disabilities include walking, climbing steps or slopes, standing for extended periods of time, reaching, and fine finger manipulation. Chapter 1 - Overview and Background

3 Hearing Disabilities - People in this 4 Cognitive and Other Hidden Disabilities category use a variety of methods to com- There are many other disabling conditions pensate for their inability to hear. Those which are not apparent from an individual’s with partial hearing may depend on hearing outward appearance. These usually involve aids or lip reading. Some people who are cognitive and/or learning abilities and may totally deaf also use lip-reading but must be affect behavior, understanding, or commu- able to see clearly the face of the individual nication. People with these disabilities may speaking. Others use a standard means have difficulty using facilities, particularly where the signage system is unclear or complicated. Seizure disorders are also a common hidden condition. In some individuals, environmental features such as lighting can activate seizures. A hidden disability gaining greater awareness is a condition know as multiple 12 chemical sensitivity. People with this condition experience a physical reaction that generally affects breathing when they come in contact with a chemical or com- bination of chemicals that may be present in many buildings and consumer products.

of communication called sign language. Hearing people can learn sign language and can be interpreters for people who are deaf. Problems for people with hearing disabilities include communicating with many hearing people and using equip- ment that is exclusively auditory, such as telephones and fire alarms. Lack of sign language interpreters and inadequately trained interpreters can also be a problem.

C H A P T E R 2 Scoping Requirements for Type “A” and Type “B” Dwelling Units

reaches 11, then 5% of the total number Introduction of units must be type “A.” However, in publicly-owned developments with units All newly constructed multifamily housing for rent or lease the number of units in developments are now required to include the complex only need be one before 5% one or both of two types of accessible must be type “A.” There never will be a dwelling units: type “A” fully accessible publicly-owned housing development with and type “B” accessible. The specifications units for rent or lease, regardless how small, for the type “A” fully accessible units are without a type “A” unit. Even though the similar to the specifications for accessible 5% is a percentage requirement, there dwelling units found, since 1973, in the always must be at least one fully accessible N.C. State Building Code and the type “B” unit of each unit type provided. See page accessible unit integrates the requirements 15 “Integration and Distribution of of the federal Fair Housing Act. The type Dwelling Units.” 13 “A” unit has somewhat more clear floor In multistory buildings without space and a requirement for kneespace in elevators, where an accessible route does kitchens and bathrooms while the type “B” not go to upper floors, the number of unit has less required clear floor space and required “A” units is calculated not just on kneespace is dependent upon room size the ground floor units, but on the total and configuration. number of units in the development. Public versus private ownership, And the variety of types of dwelling units whether the units are for sale, rent or lease, may affect the overall number of type the number of dwelling units in the com- “A” fully accessible units. See “Integration plex or development, and the terrain all and Distribution of Units” on page 15. influence the type of unit design required Developments with units for sale, whether and in what number. These factors are publicly or privately-owned (e.g. condo- summarized in the chart on page 14. The miniums) are exempt from the requirement effects of terrain are briefly discussed on to provide “A” units. page 15 and are explained in greater detail in Volume 1-C (1999) and in the Fair “B” Units With the inclusion of the Housing Act Design Manual. type “B” unit in Volume 1-C (1999), Privately-owned housing projects additional scoping specifications also are are those owned or operated by any non- provided. The number of type “B” units governmental entity such as a bank, will be high in all newly constructed contractor, homeowners’ association, multifamily housing developments. investment company, or real estate cor- Covered multifamily dwellings in poration. Publicly-owned housing projects privately-owned developments for rent are those owned by any state, county, or or sale are: 1. all dwelling units in build- municipal government and may include ings containing four or more units if such any department, agency, special purpose buildings have one or more elevators and district or instrumentality. 2. all ground floor units in other buildings containing four or more units. In publicly- Required Number of Units owned developments with units for rent, “A” Units In privately-owned develop- lease, or sale, all units are covered, regardless ments with units for rent or lease, once of the number of units in the development. the number of units in the development Chapter 2 - Scoping Requirements

Scoping Overview New Single-story Multifamily Dwelling Units

Unit Design Type of Ownership For Rent or Sale Number of Units “A” or “B”

PRIVATELY- Rent, lease 1 to 3 units Not Covered OWNED or sale

Rent or lease 4 to 10 units All B*

5% A (at least 1 of each Rent or lease 11 or more units unit type) + remainder B* 14 Sale 4 or more units All B*

5% A (at least 1 of each PUBLICLY- Rent or lease OWNED 1 or more units unit type) + remainder B*

All B ( regardless of the Sale 1 or more units # of units in the building)

* Covered type “B” dwelling units are Construction—Housing Facilities) requires 1. all units in buildings containing four or that 2% of the total number of units be more units if the building has one or accessible for people with hearing and more elevators, and vision disabilities. These units must meet 2. all ground floor units in other buildings the design requirements for the type “B” containing four or more units. unit and, in addition, have audible and visual alarms and additional receptacles. Guidance ** For multifamily housing complexes can be found in Title II of the ADA: State and designed, financed, or constructed with pub- Local Government Facilities; Interim Final lic money the Uniform Federal Accessibility Rule, 36 CFR Part 1191. Standards (UFAS) must be consulted. In addition, HUD’s 504 regulations implementing In addition, HUD has established a “visitabil- “Non-discrimination Based on Handicap in ity” policy for all newly constructed housing. Federally Assisted Programs and Activities” Contact your local, state, or regional HUD (Final Rule, 24 CFR Part 8 at 8.22 New office for clarification. Chapter 2 - Scoping Requirements

To be a covered “B” unit, all finished Integration and Distribution living space must be on the same floor, of Dwelling Units that is, be a single-story unit, such as Both type “A” and “B’ units must be single-story townhouses, villas, or patio distributed throughout the development apartments. Even though raised and or complex. Due to the small number of sunken areas are permissible in covered type “A” fully accessible dwelling units, it dwelling units, there are limitations to is critical that they not be segregated from their use. Multistory dwelling units are other units but be dispersed throughout not covered by Volume 1-C (1999) except a building or development. In addition when they are located in buildings which to distributing the type “A” units among have one or more elevators, in which case, different buildings and on different floors, the primary entry level is covered. the units also must be distributed among The definition of “elevator building” the classes of living units provided. and “ground floor” are critical to determin- A class of living unit is determined by ing the extent of covered type “B” units. the number of bedrooms. A one-bedroom Buildings may have more than one ground apartment is one class of living unit and a 15 floor and the ground floor may not coincide two-bedroom apartment a second. When with grade level. For instance, in buildings the earlier code did not specify the number with single-story units located above grade of bedrooms in a type “A” unit, builders (e.g., over a garage, shops, or other non- often constructed only one-bedroom residential use), the level where the units accessible units. Many people with first occur would be designated the ground disabilities who lived with families or floor and must be on an accessible route. companions were unable to reside in A small number of units in privately- those units. owned developments may not be covered The requirement that type “A” units be in the rare instance where there are distributed among the classes of dwelling extremes of terrain or unusual character- units will increase the number of type “A” istics of the site. A site analysis test is units. For example, a forty-unit project provided in Volume 1-C at Section 30.2.8 must provide 5% of it’s dwelling units as to determine site impracticality based type “A.” This equals a total of two units. upon terrain. Unusual site characteristics However, because the project is offering also are identified. three classes of living units, one-, two-, and The site analysis test to determine ex- three-bedroom apartments, an “A” unit tremes of terrain and thus site impracticality must be provided in each class, resulting may be used only for privately-owned in a minimum total of three “A” units. housing developments. For publicly- owned developments, regardless of difficult Additional Guidance site terrain or any unusual conditions such as coastal high hazard areas or designated Areas of Rescue Assistance. flood plains, there never may be a reduc- All publicly-owned and many privately- tion in the number of covered units. owned buildings, including multifamily The reader must review carefully all housing developments, now are required applicable sections of Volume 1-C (1999) to provide accessible means of egress or including 30.2.7 Ground Floor, 30.2.8 areas of rescue assistance in elevator build- Site Impracticality, 30.3.3 Buildings with ings for those floors served by the elevator. Elevators, and 30.3.4 Privately Owned- See Volume 1-C at Section 30.4.2.2.2 Building without Elevator(s). Guidance also may be found in the Fair Housing Act Design Manual. Chapter 2 - Scoping Requirements

Multiple Bathing Options When planning a multifamily develop- ment, in addition to offering type “A” units in different classes, consideration should be given to providing a range of bathing fixtures in both type “A” and “B” units—some with bathtubs, some with bathtubs and a seat at the back, and some with roll-in showers. If the development is intended to serve a particular group of people with disabilities, additional guidance can be provided by contacting the local or state organization that addresses information and services for that specific population. 16 For people with disabilities, contact the N.C. Independent Living Services or the Independent Living Offices statewide. Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units C H A P T E R 3 The Design of Type “A” and Type “B” Dwelling Units

It is important to review Chapter 30 in its entirety, recognizing that Section 30.4 The type “A” unit, required in smaller describing type “B” accessible units and numbers, is usable by all prospective ten- 30.5 type “A” fully accessible dwelling units ants but is designed to provide a higher are treated as separate and distinct but with level of accessibility to accommodate people some overlap. Some of the requirements who use a wheelchair or scooter and offers a for the “A” unit are found in the section for greater level of independent use to people the “B” unit and are grouped accordingly to whose disability significantly affects mobility. help the reader understand the distinctions The type “B” unit provides only a moderate between certain requirements. The chart level of accessibility and often is appropriate starting on page 18 outlines the require- for a person who may, for example, only ments for type “A” and “B” dwelling units use a mobility device intermittently. and is provided to give a general overview. Many people may never require the advantages of a type “A” unit but would Type “A” Fully Accessible Units 17 benefit from the “B” unit’s flexible and Type “A” units must be on an accessible safer features that impose fewer constraints route from an accessible parking space that on daily activities. Because many invisible continues into and throughout the dwelling accessibility features are integrated into unit. Doors with at least 32 inches clear the unit during initial construction; e.g., width and accessible hardware must be a usable entrance, 32-inch doors, and an provided throughout the dwelling unit. The accessible route, “B” units can be modified primary bathroom must be fully accessible without extensive renovations should a and secondary bathrooms, including half tenant experience an injury or illness or baths, must meet the requirements of type need in-home care. “B” units. Light switches, electrical outlets Key differences between type “A” and and other environmental controls must be “B” units are the requirement in the type “A” approachable and be low enough to reach kitchens and bathrooms for turning spaces and be easy to operate. and knee space below sinks and under The kitchen and at least one full lowered worktops and lavatories. In type bathroom must have enough space (com- “B” units the clear floor space requirements bination of maneuvering space, clear floor are less and kneespace is dependent upon spaces required at fixtures and appliances, room size and configuration. and the accessible route) to turn a wheel- The requirements for “A” and “B” chair around within the room. Additionally, dwelling units are found primarily in knee spaces are required below bathroom Volume 1-C (1999), Chapter 30: Multi- lavatories, the kitchen sink, and the work- family Dwellings. Some of the requirements top (located beside the cooking appliance) for fully accessible features are specified by to allow someone to pull up and perform reference to other parts of the accessibility tasks. Appliances with front- or side- code. For example, Chapter 7: Door, mounted controls must be approachable Doorways and Door Hardware, describes by people using wheelchairs or scooters. accessible elements for doors that are com- mon to both commercial as well as fully accessible residential facilities. Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

Overview of Requirements

Type “A” Fully Accessible Dwelling Unit Type “B” Accessible Dwelling Unit

Parking (A) Parking (B)

A minimum of one accessible parking The minimum total accessible parking space required for each unit. spaces provided must be equal to at least 2% of the overall number of “B” units.

Pro-rata number of van accessible park- Same ing spaces must be provided depending on overall number of accessible parking spaces required.

18 Entries (A) Entries (B)

At least one entry into the unit Primary entry must be accessible. must be accessible.

Accessible Route (A) Accessible Route (B)

An accessible route is required into and Same throughout the living spaces of the unit, including exterior decks and patios.

Passing spaces along the accessible route Same are not required within the dwelling unit.

Doors (A) Doors (B)

Accessible doors and door hardware Accessible entry door must be provided, must be provided throughout, i.e. 32” all others must have at least a nominal minimum clear width, easy-to-use 32” clear width, with no hardware require- handles, low or flush thresholds, etc. ment except at exterior of entry door. Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

Overview of Requirements

Environmental Controls (B) Type “A” Fully Accessible Dwelling Unit Type “B” Accessible Dwelling Unit Environmental Controls (A) ( light switches, electrical outlets, ( light switches, electrical outlets, thermostats, etc. ) Parking (A) Parking (B) thermostats, etc.)

A minimum of one accessible parking The minimum total accessible parking Must be accessible (within reach range Must be in accessible locations. space required for each unit. spaces provided must be equal to at least of a seated person and require little to 2% of the overall number of “B” units. no operating force and no twisting of the wrist or grasping). Pro-rata number of van accessible park- Same ing spaces must be provided depending on overall number of accessible parking Kitchens (A) Kitchens (B) spaces required. Must have a 60” turning space. 40” minimum clearance between all counters and appliances except “U” 19 Entries (A) Entries (B) shaped kitchens with a sink, range, or cook top at the base of the “U,” in which case a knee space must be provided at At least one entry into the unit Primary entry must be accessible. the base of the “U” or a 60” turning space must be accessible. must be provided.

30” X 48” clear floor space must be Same provided at every appliance.

Must have accessible or adjustable No requirement worktop with kneespace below. Accessible Route (A) Accessible Route (B) Must have at least one sink with knee Only parallel approach to sink required, space below and accessible faucet controls. unless a narrow “U” shaped kitchen with a sink, range, or cook top at the base of An accessible route is required into and Same the “U” without a 60” turning space, then throughout the living spaces of the unit, a knee space beneath sink is required including exterior decks and patios. for a forward approach.

Passing spaces along the accessible route Same At least one storage shelf a maximum of No requirement are not required within the dwelling unit. 48” above the finished floor in each type of cabinet and storage units provided.

Accessible hardware required on No requirement Doors (A) Doors (B) all cabinetry.

Cooking appliances with controls within 30” X 48” clear floor space for Accessible doors and door hardware Accessible entry door must be provided, reach range of a seated person, insulated approach only must be provided throughout, i.e. 32” all others must have at least a nominal knee spaces (if cooktop), locations adjacent minimum clear width, easy-to-use 32” clear width, with no hardware require- to accessible worktops, etc. handles, low or flush thresholds, etc. ment except at exterior of entry door. Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

Bathrooms (A) Bathrooms (B)

Principle bathroom must be fully accessible, All bathrooms must be usable, i.e., allow all other bathrooms (including toilet rooms, entry and approach to all fixtures. This i.e., half baths, but not mandatory for powder is a lesser level of accessibility than rooms) must meet the requirements for required for bathrooms in “A” units. “B” units.

60” clear floor turning space is required, One 30” X 48” clear floor space must be entry door may swing over turning space provided outside the swing of the room by 12” maximum. entry door.

Specific clear floor spaces required at Same except toilets and vanity cabinets 20 toilets, tubs, showers and lavatories. may encroach on some clear floor spaces.

In principle bathroom the toilet may not be Toilet must be located outside clear floor located in the clear floor space required space for entry into tub or shower (forward for a tub or shower. or side 30” X 48” clear floor space).

Reinforcing must be provided for grab Same bars beside toilets and bathing fixtures.

If a medicine cabinet is provided, at No requirement least one storage shelf in it must be at 44” maximum.

Telephones (A) Telephones (B)

Telephones, if provided must be accessible, No requirement including hearing aid compatibility.

Laundry (A) Laundry (B) (when located within unit) (when located within unit)

Laundry equipment, if provided, must A 30” X 48” clear floor space is required be accessible (front loading with front- for each appliance and located on an mounted controls) and located on an accessible route. accessible route. Chapter 2 - Scoping Requirements Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

Type “B” Accessible Dwelling Units Adaptable Dwelling Units (Type “A” and “B” Units with Adaptable Features) Multiple Bathing Options Most people with disabilities who use When planning a multifamily develop- wheelchairs will be able to maneuver Volume 1-C (1999) in Section 30.2 ment, in addition to offering type “A” throughout a type “B” unit. It too must be Definitions provides an option for an units in different classes, consideration on an accessible route from parking, have adaptable dwelling unit. Adaptable dwelling should be given to providing a range of “usable” bathrooms and kitchens, i.e., a units include both accessible features and bathing fixtures in both type “A” and “B” person in a wheelchair can get into and out those that may be adapted later to suit the units—some with bathtubs, some with of the bathroom and kitchen and assume a needs of the tenant. The adaptability provi- bathtubs and a seat at the back, and some close parallel position in front of lavatories, sions are included in the building code to with roll-in showers. sinks, and appliances. A person in a wheel- give architects, designers, and builders the If the development is intended to chair must be able to approach and reach option of providing dwelling units that serve a particular group of people with light switches, outlets and other environ- look no different than others on the market disabilities, additional guidance can be mental controls. While these dwelling units but still meet the requirements of the code provided by contacting the local or state offer a basic level of access, they are not and the functional needs of tenants. organization that addresses information required to provide the additional clear Ever since requirements for accessible and services for that specific population. floor areas, knee spaces, lowered worktops, housing have been included in building or product features of the type “A” unit. 21 For people with disabilities, contact the codes and standards, both the building N.C. Independent Living Services or the While type “B” kitchens are not required industry and people with disabilities have Independent Living Offices statewide. to have floor area to allow a person in a been dissatisfied with some of the fixed wheelchair to turn around, one exception accessible features. Problems arose from exists. When a U-shaped kitchen has a sink, inadequate design details and the spotty range, or cook top at the base of the “U”, the "U" must be expanded until a minimum availability of units. If there were not an clearance of 60 inches is provided between immediate match of an accessible unit the legs of the “U.” If not, a knee space with a person with a disability, some must be provided at the base of the “U.” builders and owners found the only way to Type “B” bathrooms also are not rent accessible apartments was to offer rent required to have the floor area necessary discounts. Frequently, prospective tenants for wheelchair turning spaces; however, a did not like the appearance of stainless 30-inch X 48-inch clear floor space out- steel grab bars in the bathroom or the side the swing of the room entry door is open kneespace with loss of storage below required. Bathrooms and half-baths all sinks, lavatories, and work surfaces. must meet the requirements of type “B” Creating adaptable dwelling units helps bathroom fixtures. solve these problems. An adaptable dwelling Lavatory vanity cabinets may encroach unit is one where common access features somewhat on the clear floor area required are fixed while others are adjustable and all for toilets. Toilet fixtures also may occupy are installed during initial construction. some of the floor area required for bath- The accessible elements and spaces can be tubs and showers, provided the minimum used by the greatest number of people with- 30-inch X 48-inch clear floor space required out being modified. The adaptable features for entry into the fixtures (either a forward allow adjustments to meet individual tenant’s or side approach) is always available. needs whether they have a disability, are See Section 30.4.4.4 in the building older, or have no disability but are just a code and page 34 of this publication. It is little taller or shorter than “average.” possible to design type “B” units without any knee spaces if sufficient clear floor space for a wheelchair user is provided to allow a parallel approach centered on the lavatory. Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

For example, the requirement within Both the accessible and adaptable both type “A” and “B” dwelling units for features must be incorporated during an accessible route of 36 inches ensures initial construction. The adaptable type that dwelling unit passageways are not “A” unit, from the time of initial con- too narrow or impassable for any resident. struction, must function at least at the Other examples of permanently installed level of a type “B” unit so the change to accessible features include level entrances, type “A” can be accomplished quickly and doors 32 inches wide (“clear” or “nominal” with minimal expense. Neither passage depending upon unit type and door door width nor clear floor space is sub- location), clear floor space, reinforcing ject to adaptability in type “A” or “B” around toilet and bathing fixtures, and dwelling units. controls within reach of a seated position. Adaptable Cabinets. The requirement for Adaptable features that can be removed or knee space has a dramatic impact on the adjusted when needed include adjustable appearance and functionality of kitchens height closet rods, shelves, provisions for and bathrooms. A uniform cabinet providing knee space, worktop segments 22 appearance is possible with a cabinet that that are adjustable in height, and the later easily can be reconfigured or removed to addition of grab bars (since reinforcing has reveal knee space and still provide maxi- been installed during initial construction). mum storage. When a potential resident or owner needs the knee space it can be provided quickly and easily. Specifications for knee space are based on the require- ments for bathrooms in Chapter 11 and Chapter 30. For knee space to be safe, usable, and aesthetically integrated the floor, walls, and cabinet faces of knee space must be finished during initial construction so no other work is necessary when the cabinet is removed. Regardless of whether the knee space is exposed or concealed by a removable cabinet, hot pipes or exposed edges should be insulated or enclosed at the time of initial construction. Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

There are no kitchen cabinet manufac- easiest to accomplish based upon current turers that currently offer “removable manufacturing processes. However, when base cabinets” in their standard lines. parts and elements are removed or detached The methods for providing removable they are more likely to be discarded and cabinets presented here are some of the therefore not available if it becomes possible solutions. Of those shown, the desirable to return the cabinet to its removable cabinet front is likely to be the original appearance and function.

sink basin with rear drains

recommended pipe protection and hinged panel with disposal cover; note pipes and disposal also can 23 be wrapped in insulation

cut away back and frame and reinforce with gussets

minimum 30” wide x 27” high clear removable knee space cabinet front carry floor, cabinet, and wall removable cabinet finishes under and front and bottom behind removable cabinets removable cabinet

Removable Cabinet Options for Knee Space at Sinks, Cooktops, and Worktops Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

doors closed doors opening

24 Use of swinging retractable cabinet door hardware provides another excellent method to conceal knee space because the doors are self-storing and no part of the cabinet must be removed or stored at another location. A unique combination hinge allows the doors to swing open in a traditional manner and, when desired, the doors may be pushed back into the cabinet. Rolling carts are another method of concealing knee space because they can occupy the same space as a storage cabinet doors retracted until the knee space is desired. In addition, the cart top can be used as an auxiliary low- ered work surface and also can be used to Use of Self-Storing Door Hardware transport items from one location to another. to Expose Knee Space

rolling carts provide moving storage that can be placed in a knee space and be moved out when the space is needed

Movable Cart Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

In some small bathrooms, even with retractable doors, sufficient maneuvering space cannot be provided because the sidewall of the cabinet prevents maneuver- ing and turns. In those situations it may be necessary to install a removable vanity cabinet at the time of initial construction. The countertop must be mounted on the wall with support brackets, a cabinet fitted around it, and the floor and wall finished beneath it. A pipe protection and appear- ance panel should be installed between the wall support brackets. 25 Wall-Hung Countertop Lavatory with Knee Space Below

pipe protection panel

loop handles

support base cabinet with brackets back cut down and reinforced

Removable Vanity Cabinet Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

Universal Design. Adaptability is a step type “A” and “B” units, these units look closer to universal design and, in fact, is a like conventional housing. In fact, the feature of universal design. Universal design same adaptable features could be included is a philosophy and a goal that strives to in all units, making it less expensive than accommodate the broadest possible spec- constructing a small percentage of “A” trum of human ability in the design of all units significantly different in design, with products and environments. It can be used the remainder being type “B” units or yet to help meet building code requirements a third inaccessible design. while at the same time increase usability By creating housing that can fit any of a feature, space, or entire dwelling unit, occupant, the universal design approach incorporate aesthetics, and maintain a opens up the possibility for mass-produced, marketable appearance. attractive, and universally usable housing Many of the features in accessible in all sizes, price ranges, and locations. units have proven to be helpful to people Developers and builders will find it is less other than those with a disability, and expensive to build more units of the same 26 when invisibly integrated, they increase kind. Owners and managers will be able the functionality of space for all people. to rent to a larger market. By including adaptable features in both

Key universal features to consider including in all dwelling units.

Entrances • variable height work surfaces adjustable through a range of 28 to 42 inches • one entrance without steps Bathrooms • minimum five x five-foot maneuvering space at the stepless entrance • adaptable cabinets to reveal knee space under lavatory • for viewing, a sidelight or a peephole at 42 and 60 inches above the floor • enlarged reinforced areas around toilets and bathing fixtures to provide General Interior secure mounting locations other than the minimums found in design standards • all closet rods adjustable to 48 inches above the floor • offset controls in tub or shower to minimize stooping, bending, Kitchens and reaching • adaptable cabinets to reveal knee • single-lever faucets space at sink and under work surface near cooking appliance • toilet centered in a minimum 36-inch wide space, 18 inches • cooktop with front- or side-mounted from the sidewall controls and staggered burners to eliminate dangerous reaching • adjustable height hand-held shower head • single-lever faucets • mirror to backsplash at lavatory • side-by-side refrigerator/freezer or refrigerator/freezer with frozen food storage in the bottom Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

8’- 6” 8’- 0”

60” min. diameter 40” 8’- 0” 8’- min.

9’- 0” 9’- knee turning space space below

27

Type “A” Type “B” Fully Accessible Galley Kitchen Accessible Galley Kitchen

10’- 6” 8’- 6”

knee space

8’- 0” 8’- below 8’- 6” 8’- knee space 40” below min.

60” min. diameter turning space Type “A” Type “B” Fully Accessible U-Shaped Kitchen Accessible U-Shaped Kitchen (see perspective on page 28) (see perspective on page 29)

Example Kitchen Plans Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

shallow sink accessible (e.g., plumbing and other auxiliary switch basin with rear loop) handles on elements wrapped for range hood drain and lever all cabinetry doors with insulating in accessible handle faucet and drawers material or covered location control with a pipe protection and appearance range with front- sink counter panel (removable or side-mounted fixed or adjustable for maintenance) controls between 32” and 36”, if fixed height, 34” max., low accessible 32"- 33" preferred wall cabinet shelf, best if located over or adjacent to knee space to facilitate use

28

fixed accessible worktop with knee space below 30” min. 36” recom. clear floor space

30” X 48” clear 48” max. to shelf floor space 30” min. for forward 36” recom. approach to sink

30” X 48” clear floor space for accessible forward approach worktop fixed to dishwasher at 34” max. or adjustable pantry storage between 32” with shelving at and 36” a range of heights insulated protective (door width may be width of kitchen support panel narrow since pantry must accommodate depth is shallow) a 60” diameter 30” X 48” clear floor turning space space at worktop 30” X 48”clear floor space for 30” X 48” clear floor side approach space for parallel to refrigerator approach to range

Type “A” Fully Accessible Kitchen 10’- 6” X 8’- 6” Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

knob faucet handles floor, walls, and cabinet permitted— lever faces of knee space must hardware, although be finished during initial preferred, is not construction knee space is required under sinks required and cooktops located at the bottom of a U-shaped kitchen when the “U” is less than 60” wide; plumbing and standard sinks other elements should be covered acceptable, shallow by a removable pipe protection and sinks with rear appearance panel or be wrapped drains simplify with padded insulating material knee space

29

30” min. 36” recom. retractable clear floor space doors conceal knee space when not in use

30” X 48” clear rear-mounted floor space controls on ranges for forward are permitted; for approach safety and ease of to sink use, front- or side- mounted controls are preferred all counters may be set at the conventional 30” X 48” clear 36” height floor space for refrigerator 40” minimum between faces pantry storage of appliances and cabinets

NOTE: knee space only 30” X 48” clear (not countertop height) floor space for side must comply with Type “A” approach to range requirements if close and centered parallel approach is not possible Type “B” Accessible Kitchen 8’- 6” X 8’- 0” Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

shallow basin floor, walls, and pipe protection sink with rear cabinet faces of and appearance drain and lever knee space must panel removable handle faucet be finished during for maintenance control initial construction retractable cabinet adjustable height doors conceal knee sink countertop set space when not in use at conventional 36” height—counter is auxiliary switch adjustable between for range hood in 28” and 42” to accessible location facilitate optimum individual range with front- usability or side-mounted controls accessible (e.g., loop handles) on 30 all cabinetry doors and drawers additional receptacles within easy adjustable reach of a height shelving seated person allows user to full-extension bring stored drawers allow items within better access to easy reach and view of contents adjustable height cabinet with pullout worktop set at shelving puts items conventional within reach requir- 36” height—top ing less bending and is adjustable stooping between 28” and 42” to refrigerator/freezer accommodate options: individual user * side-by- side, needs and * freezer above with 50% of preferences freezer volume within reach of a seated person, insulated or protective rolling cart provides movable * freezer at bottom with support panel roll-out baskets storage that can be placed in knee space beneath worktop adequate floor space pantry with or be removed when knee provided in the kitchen adjustable height space is desired–cart also for all required maneuvering or pull-out shelving may be used to transport and clear floor spaces at items around the kitchen fixtures and appliances and into other rooms

Universal Kitchen (Meets requirements for both Type “A” and “B”) 10’- 6” X 8’- 6” Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

60” min. diameter turning space

30” X 48” clear floor space 9’- 4” 9’- 9’-0”

5’- 9” 31 6’- 6” (convertable to Type “A” Type “B” Type “B” bathroom) Accessible Bathroom Accessible Bathroom (see perspective page 34) (see perspective page 35) NOTE: All lavatories in these plans have either open knee space below or cabinets with retractable doors or removable bases. 6’- 9” 6’- 8’- 6” 8’-

12” max. overlap 8’- 8” 8’- 10”

Small Type “A” Type “A” Fully Accessible Bathroom Fully Accessible (Universal) (see perspective page 32) Bathroom with In-swinging Door (see perspective page 36)

Example Bathroom Plans Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

loop handle countertop lavatory hand-held hardware with knee space shower on cabinet below—configured head and and storage to allow approach adjustable doors and use from a height slide forward position mount lever handle faucet control off-set valve with switches and single-lever handle outlets in easy-to- reach accessible locations

minimum required reinforced 32 areas for grab bars

wood blocking for reinforcing behind and to the side of the toilet

grab bars may be installed when and where toilet alcove needed must be at least 36” wide—42” min. recommended to 1’- 6” 30” X 48” clear allow, when needed, floor space for placement of a 36” long forward approach grab bar behind toilet to lavatory door must swing out — it cannot toilet seat 60” diameter obstruct clear height from 15”min. turning space to 19” max. floor spaces— deeper room to 48” X 56” clear floor accommodate space for toilet — an in-swinging 30” X 60” clear floor because unobstructed door is preferred space for bathtub knee space is available under the lavatory, the clear floor spaces for the toilet and lavatory may overlap

Small Type “A” Fully Accessible Bathroom 8’- 8” X 6’- 9” Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

pipe protection lever handle countertop lavatory hand-held shower and appearance faucet control with knee space below head and adjustable panel removable configured to allow height slide mount for maintenance switches and approach and use from whole wall areas outlets in easy-to- a forward position of plywood or other reach accessible loop handle solid material edge of enlarged locations reinforced area for hardware on reinforcing—provides grab bars cabinet and choices for grab bar storage doors placement to suit individual preferences minimum required and needs reinforced areas for grab bars

33

enlarged areas of reinforcing allow more secure mounting grab bars may of drop-down/fold- be installed up grab bars when and where needed

off-set valve with wood blocking single-lever handle for reinforcing behind and to the side of 1’- 6” retractable cabinet the toilet doors provide a “conventional” appearance by toilet alcove must concealing the knee be at least 48” wide space necessary for so the clear floor a forward approach space at the toilet to the lavatory is not obstructed by the lavatory vanity adequate floor area pocket door is cabinet within bathroom provides an alternative to maneuvering space in the out-swinging door toilet seat height room and required clear floor that may obstruct from 15” min. to space at each fixture hallway or room 19” max. circulation—it is preferred that the room be deeper to accommodate an in-swinging door

Adaptable Type “A” Fully Accessible Bathroom with Universal Features 9’- 2” X 6’- 9” Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

toilet “alcove” may be as narrow as 33” wide — toilet grab bars may be must be centered 18” installed when needed from side wall (for grab bar placement) and at least minimum area 15” from vanity cabinet for reinforcing 30” X 48” clear floor space outside swing knob of entry door faucet handles 30” X 48” clear permitted space for bathtub

34

pipe protection and appearance panel removable for maintenance

1’- 6”

1’- 3” min.

knee space required for forward approach to lavatory off-set valve since a side approach, with single- centered on the basin, lever handle is not possible in this layout — until needed, knee space may be concealed with retractable doors 30” X 48” clear floor to create a more space for forward conventional entry door may swing approach to lavatory appearance over clear floor spaces for fixtures 48” X 56” clear floor space for toilet— may be obstructed by lavatory vanity cabinet

Type “B” Accessible Bathroom 5’- 9” X 9’- 0” Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units

NOTE: bathroom is toilet alcove must toilet seat height whole wall areas of designed and features be at least 36” wide- from 15” min. to plywood or other solid included to permit later recommended width 19” max. material reinforcing conversion from Type of 42” min. to allow, grab bars may provide choices for grab “B” to Type “A” when needed, placement be installed when bar placement to suit of a 36” long grab bar and where needed individual preferences behind toilet and needs minimum required reinforced areas edge of enlarged for grab bars reinforced areas lever handles on for grab bars 30” X 48” clear floor faucet controls space outside swing of entry door lavatory basin, offset to the right in a 36” wide vanity cabinet, allows a parallel approach centered on the 35 basin— providing a 48” wide cabinet that would increase the overall room width is not required hand-held switches shower head and outlets in and adjustable easy- to- reach height slide accessible 1’- 6” mount locations support off-set brackets for valve with wall-mounted single-lever countertop handle floor, walls, and cabinet faces of knee space must be finished 30” X 60” clear floor during initial construction space provided for bathtub to meet Type linen closet loop handle “A” requirements hardware on cabinet and storage doors 48” X 56” clear floor For this bathroom to be removable vanity 60” diameter space for toilet convertable, the entry cabinet allows forward turning space * in Type “B” door must provide a 32” approach to lavatory and configuration vanity clear opening at the time unobstructed toilet clear 30” X 48” clear floor cabinet may obstruct of initial construction. floor space necessary space for parallel this floor space If the entry door swings to meet Type “A” approach to lavatory * in Type “A” in, it must be re-hung to requirements configuration swing out to meet Type cabinet must be pocket door is an “A” requirements. removed so the alternative to out- toilet clear floor swinging door that space may continue may obstruct hallway Type “B” Accessible Bathroom unobstructed into or room circulation with Universal Features knee space under (Can be converted to Type “A”) lavatory 6’- 6” X 9’- 4” MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING Chapter 3 - Type “A” and “B” Dwelling Units MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING edge of off-set anti-scald mirror extends down lever handles on MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY enlarged reinforced valve with single- to black splash faucet controls HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY areas for grab bars, lever handle HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING grab bars may be MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY hand-held switches and outlets HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING installed when and MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY where needed shower head and in easy-to- reach HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING adjustable height accessible locations MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY whole wall areas HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING slide mount MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY of plywood or other HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING solid material retractable MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY cabinet doors HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING reinforcing allow MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY grab bar placement provide a HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING “conventional” MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY at the best heights HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING and configurations appearance MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY by concealing HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING to suit individual MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY preferences the knee space HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING necessary for MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY and needs HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING a forward MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY approach HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY 36 to the lavatory HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY minimum HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY required HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING reinforced MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY towel bar HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING areas for 48” max. MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY grab bars HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING recommended MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY enlarged HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY reinforced areas HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING provide more MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING secure mounting 36” X 60” clear MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY for future installation HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING floor space for MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY of shower seats shower HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING 30” min. X 60” min. MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY (36” min. X 60”min. HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING in-swinging entry MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY recommended) roll-in door does not HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING “curbless” shower MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY overlap required HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING to achieve a clear floor spaces MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY 1’- 6” HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING curbless flush threshold at fixtures and MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY for a roll-in shower, the 60” diameter only overlaps the HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING turning space MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY fixture must be recessed turning space HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING into the floor by the allowable MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY amount of HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING toilet seat height from MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY 12 inches HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING toilet placed in the 15” min. to 19” max. MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING corner of a 60” X 56” clear MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY floor space is ideal, creating HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING adequate floor area within MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY open floor area in front and bathroom provides maneuvering HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING to one side—this allows MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY space in the room and required HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING greater maneuvering and clear floor space at each fixture MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY transfer options for people HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY using wheelchairs and HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING those needing assistance MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY NOTE: bathroom configuration HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING Universal Bathroom and features allow the design MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING with In-swinging Door to meet both Type “A” and MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY Type “B” bathroom require- HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING (Meets requirements for MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY ments from time of initial HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING both Type “A” and “B”) construction MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY 8’- 10” X 8’- 6” HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MULTIFAMILY R e s o u r c e s Resources Publications N. C. Building Code Council and N.C. Department Organizations of Insurance (1999). North Carolina State Building Code. Volume 1-C: Making Buildings and Facilities Center for Inclusive Design Accessible to and Usable by Persons with and Environmental Access Disabilities, 1999 Edition. Raleigh, NC, State University of New York at Buffalo N.C. Department of Insurance. School of Architecture and Planning Buffalo, NY 14214-3087 Barrier Free Environments, Inc. (1987). Adaptable (716) 829-3485 ext. 329 Housing: Marketable Accessible Housing for www.ap.buffalo.edu/idea Everyone. Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Fair Housing Field Office (Southeast Region) Policy Development and Research. Department of Housing and Urban Development Richard B. Russell Federal Building Barrier Free Environments, Inc. (1991). The 40 Marrietta St Accessible Housing Design File. New York, NY: Van Atlanta, GA 30303 Nostrand Reinhold Company. (404) 331-5136 Barrier Free Environments, Inc. (1996, revised 37 Fair Housing and Disability Rights 1998). The Fair Housing Act Design Manual. Department of Housing and Urban Development Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Housing and 451 7th Street SW, Room 5240 Urban Development, Office of Fair Housing and Washington, DC 20410 Equal Opportunity and the Office of Housing. (202) 708-1112 www.hud.gov Leibrock, Cynthia and James Evan Terry (1999). Beautiful Universal Design, A Visual Guide. New N.C. Department of Insurance York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Consumer Department 1201 Mail Services Center Riley II, Charles A. (1999). High-Access Home. Raleigh, NC 27699-1201 Design and Decoration for Barrier-Free Living. 1(800) 546-5664 / (919) 733-2032 New York, NY: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc. MULTI www.ncdoi.com Steve Winter Associates (1997). Accessible N.C. Fair Housing Center Housing by Design. New York, NY: McGraw Hill. 114 W. Parrish Street Durham, NC 27701 Wylde, Margaret, Adrian Baron-Robbins and (919) 667-0888 Sam Clark (1994). Building for a Lifetime: The Design and Construction of Fully Accessible N.C. Independent Living Rehabilitation Program Homes. Newtown, CT: Taunton Press. 436 N. Harrington St. Raleigh, NC 27699 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban (919) 715-0543 Development, Office of the Assistant Secretary www.dvr.dhhs.state.nc.us for Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity. N.C. Office of Housing and Urban Development 24 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Greensboro Field Office Chapter 1; Subchapter A. Asheville Building Appendix I, Final Fair Housing Regulations, 1500 Pinecroft Rd. Suite 401 January 23, 1989. Greensboro, NC 27407-3838 Appendix II, Final Fair Housing Accessibility (336) 547-4001 Guidelines, March 6, 1991. www.hud.gov Appendix III, Preamble to the Final Fair The Center for Universal Design Housing Accessibility Guidelines, March 6, 1991. College of Design Appendix IV, Fair Housing Accessibility North Carolina State University Guidelines, Questions and Answers, Campus Box 8613 Supplement to the Notice, June 28, 1994. Raleigh, NC 27695-8613 Available from the Government Printing Office: (919) 515-3082 (V/TTY) 202-512-1800. www.centerforuniversaldesign.org THE CENTER FOR UNIVERSAL DESIGN North Carolina State University College of Design Box 8613 Raleigh, NC 27695-8613 Accessible 919.515.3082 (V/TTY) 919.515.8951 (FAX) 800.647.6777 (V/TTY Info Request Line) [email protected] www.centerforuniversaldesign.org