The Pharmacological and Medicinal Importance of the Species of Lamiaceae Family, a Review Study

Journal of Clinical Trials and Regulations Volume 1 Issue 2

The Pharmacological and Medicinal Importance of the Species of Lamiaceae Family, A Review Study

Ummul Fazal1, Md. Shahidul Islam*2 1Student, 2Assistant Professor Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC), Chattogram, Bangladesh Email: [email protected] DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3248651

Abstract The plant of Lamiaceae family is a widely distributed medicinal plant throughout the world and has been used since ancient time. Some examples from this family include mints, thyme, tulsi, spearmint, lavender, sage and rosemary. It is widely cultivated for medicinal, perfumery, culinary and ornamental purposes. Members of this family have been used traditionally as antioxidant, anti cancer, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anesthetic, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, smooth muscle relaxant, antitumor and for the treatment of wound healing, headache, pains, chronic rheumatism, sedative, gastrointestinal disorders. Phytochemical investigations of the Lamiaceae family have revealed that many components from this family are highly bioactive.The current paper reviews the medicinal properties alongside with bioactive compounds of various plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Different compositions like sterols, rosmarinic acid, ursolic acid, menthol, thymol and carvacrol which have been frequently reported from the Lamiaceae family. The current review gives an overview on pharmacological activity and bioactive compounds of different plants of Lamiaceae family, which may be useful for researchers to explore the hidden potential of Lamiaceae family plants and will also help in developing new drugs for the treatment of various diseases.

Keywords: Lamiaceae family, medicinal plants, pharmacological activity, uses

INTRODUCTION [4]. Medicinal plants are a blessing to Plants existed on the earth in the humanity. As per WHO, a medicinal plant geological past form the early history of contains substances that can be used for the earth [1]. Plants are the oldest friend of therapeutic purposes or which is a mankind; they not only provide food and precursor for the synthesis of useful drugs shelter but also serve humanity by [5]. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) is one of the preventing and curing ailment [2]. most diverse and widespread plant families Nowadays, according to WHO, around in terms of ethnomedicine and its 21,000 plant species have the potential for medicinal value is based on the volatile being used as medicinal plants. Different oils concentration [6]. Clerodendrum was medicinal plants for the treatment of once a genus of over 400 species. Hence, different diseases are considered very safe this study was undertaken to explore the as there are very low side effects. These Lamiaceae plants which have been remedies are in sync with nature, which is scientifically proved for their potential the biggest advantage [3]. The use of plant medicinal values [7]. products is increasing in many segment of the population. More than 47% of all MATERIALS AND METHODS drugs, used in Russia are obtained from The present study in based on the intensive plant sources. In Bangladesh about 250 field of the area during the period of plant species are used as herbal medicine Jauary 2018 to over 2018. The method was

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performed through a systematic search RESULTS AND DISCUSSION related to Lamiaceae family including the The total description and the medicinal medicinal properties, phytochemistry and uses of the plants of the Lamiaceae family pharmacological studies around the world. are given below: The search strategy employed in this review includes internationally accepted databases OcimumbasilicumL [8] namely ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of  Botanical Name: O. basilicum Science, PubMed and Researchgate using  Binomial Name:Ocimumbasilicum L specific keywords of both whole plant  Common Name: Basil, Sweet basil, products and plant extracts, antioxidant, anti- BabuiTulsi. inflammatory, anti-diabetic, pain, and  Family: Lamiaceae analgesic effects. For investigation, a  Habit : Annual, perenial herb combination of keywords was used. Case reports, case studies, in vivo and in vitro Plant Description relevant studies, and comparative studieswere Ocimumbasilicum (commonly known as included in this search strategy. Additionally, scent leave) is native to Africa, Asia and textbooks and potentially relevant reviews Pacific Island belonging to the family were explored andincluded in the reference lamiaceae. The plant is mostly annual or list in order to point out the universal interest perennial herb and the genus contains in natural products with potential between 50 and 150 species. They are applicability in therapy. The dynamic found in the tropical regions of Asia, character of the field is reflected in the Africa, and Central and South America. number of recent publications.

Figure 1: Ocimumbasilicum plant.

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Parts Utilized: Whole plants, Leaves, other active ingredients make a reliable Flowers, Seeds way to lower the risk of many types of cancer and anti-Inflammatory properties. Medicinal Properties of Ocimumbasilicum OriganumvulgareL [9] Basil has a wide range of health benefits • Botanical Name: O. vulgare including its ability to reduce stress, cure • Binomial Name:Origanumvulgare L. sleeplessness, regulate blood sugar, • Common Name: Wild marjoram, prevent chronic disease, protect respiratory Oregano, Pot marjoram health, soothe inflammation, aid digestion • Family: Lamiaceae and increase circulation. The therapeutic • Habi : Perennial herb properties of basil or Ocimumbasilicum are antibacterial properties, antioxidant Plant Description properties. These antioxidants are capable Origanumvulgare or wild marjoram of neutralizing free radicals and preventing belongs to the plant family of Origanum, a mutation. The free radicals can often lead genus of the mint family. It is native to to cancer, anti-carcinogenic and temperate western and southwestern antioxidant properties of Eugenol and Eurasia and the Mediterranean region.

Figure 2: Origanumvulgare plant.

Parts Utilized: Leaves, flowers number of medicinal properties. It is Medicinal Properties of traditionally used as medicine for Origanumvulgare flatulence and stomach (taken with meals Oregano or Origanumvulgare has a to reduce gastrointestinal distress as it

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increases salivation). It acts as an •Family: Lamiaceae antibacterial, anti-fungal, antioxidant, anti- • Habit: Perennial inflammatory and an antibiotic agent. It also helps in protection against cancer. Plant Description The plant M.piperita is a perennial, 50- MenthapiperitaL [10] 60cm high, the square stems are usually • Botanical Name: M. piperita reddish-Purple and smooth, and the leaves • Binomial Name:Menthapiperita L. are short, oblong-ovate and serrated. The • Common Name: Peppermint, Menthol, plant has a strong odor and grows to a Pudina. height of 1-2 foot. The leaves are slimy, dark and the flowers are purple in color.

Figure 3: Menthapiperita plants.

Parts Utilized: Leaves, Stems, Essential Rosmarinus officinalis L [11] oil Common name : Rosemary Medicinal Properties of Menthapiperita Habit : Perennial herb The oil of Menthapiperita was found to be Description of Plant: effective against these fungal pathogens It is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant, under laboratory screening. pink or blue flowers. It has also a fibrous root system.

Figure 4: Rosmarinus officinalis plants.

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Parts Utilized: Dried leaves, Flowers, sage,BhuiTulsi (Bengali) Stems, Herb, Root  Family: Lamiaceae Medicinal Properties of Rosmarinus  Habit: Perennial officinalis Unlike most of its biological activities, Plant Description [14, 15] Rosemary’s antioxidant activity is directly Salvia officinalis is an evergreen shrub attributable to chemical compounds in the with a woody stems. The wild type of sage plant’s essential oils and extracts. grows approximately 2 ft (0.61 m) tall and Rosemary has displayed significant anti wide, with blue flowers, its flowers can proliferative activities against several also be white pink or purple. This plant human cancer cell lines. blooms in late spring or summer. The leaves are oblong, ranging in size up to 2.5 Salvia Officinalis [12, 13] inches (6.4 cm) long and 1 inch (2.5 cm)  Botanical Name: S. officinalis wide. Sage is a native plant of  Binomial Name: Salvia officinalis L. Mediterranean region and Europe but it is  Common Name: Sage, Common now grown in almost every part of world.

Figure 5: Salvia officinalis plant.

Parts Utilized: Leaves, Roots, flowers complementary medicine on primary Medicinal Properties of Salvia officinalis dysmenorrhea. It is found anti- The outcome of the results found four key inflammatory activity in Salvia officinalis essential oils mainly linalyl acetate, L. commonly used in traditional practices linalool, eucalyptol, and β-Caryophyllene for its antiseptic and antiinflammatory responsible for analgesic activity in activity. It is also investigated the anti- relieving menstrual pain. Thus can be diabetic potential in thujone, which is a widely employed for alternative and major constituent in Salvia species.

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Synopsis of the review

Scientific English Local Name Habit Parts Used Medicinal Name Name properties Ocimum Basil/Sweet Tulsi, Babui Annual , Leaves, flowers, Antibacterial, basilicum L. basil Tulsi Perennial and seeds, roots Antiviral, Antifungal

Mentha piperita Peppermint Pudina Perennial Leaves, Stems Antifungal, L. Sedative, Analgesic

Leucas aspera Leucas Dulfi, Annual Leaves, Roots, Antifungal, L. Hulkasha Flowers, Whole antioxidant, plant Antipyretic

Rosmarinus Rosemary Rosemary Perennial Dried leaves, Root, Anticancer, officinalis L. Flowers and Stems Anxiolytic, Anesthetic

Salvia officinalis Sage Bhui Tulsi Perennial Leaves, Roots, Anticancer, Anti- L. Flowers, Whole inflammatory, herb Antidiabetic

CONCLUSION Leucasaspera, carvone, limonene, cineole The intention of this review is to present presenting spearmint and thymol, the reported beneficial effects of carvacrol, having the thyme. This study Lamiaceae species from scientific will help to develop new drugs. literature. The available literature showed that most of the bioactivities and medicinal REFERENCES properties of these species could be 1. Sofowara A. (1982), “Medicinal plants attributed to their essential oils, which and traditional medicine in Africa”, pp. contain a variety of functional bioactive 6, 10-11, 74, 114. compositions. Lamiaceae plants has many 2. Rasool Hassan BA (2012), “Medicinal medicinal uses and pharmacological Plants (Importance and Uses)”, activities such as analgesic, antipyretic, Pharmaceut Anal Acta 3: e139. Anti-inflammatory, antifungal, doi:10.4172/2153-2435.1000e139 antispasmodic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, 3. Batanouny KH, Aboutabl E, Shabana anti-diabetic, anti asthmatic, antiseptics MC, Soliman F (1999), “Wild treatment for skin diseases, toothaches, Medicinal Plants in Egypt: An rheumatism, peptic ulcers, Anthelmintic. A Inventory to Support Conservation and large group of chemical compounds such Sustainable Use”, Academy of as mono-, di- and triterpenoids, flavonoids, Scientific Research & Technology, steroids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, Cairo, Egypt. tannins have been reported from the 4. Cragg GM, Newman DJ (2013), member of this family. The family is also “Natural products: a continuing source famous for the presence of essential oils of novel drug leads”, like volatile oil of cineole presenting basil; Biochim.Biophys.Acta, Volume 1830, menthol and limonene having peppermint, Issue 6, pp. 3670–3695. oleanolic acid, ursolic acid having the

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