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Lamiaceae Species Biology, Ecology and Practical Uses Lamiaceae Species • Milan Stankovic • Milan Lamiaceae Species Biology, Ecology and Practical Uses Edited by Milan Stankovic Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Plants www.mdpi.com/journal/plants Lamiaceae Species Lamiaceae Species Biology, Ecology and Practical Uses Special Issue Editor Milan Stankovic MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Special Issue Editor Milan Stankovic University of Kragujevac Serbia Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Plants (ISSN 2223-7747) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/plants/special issues/lamiaceae species). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03928-418-4 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03928-419-1 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Milan Stankovic. c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... vii Preface to ”Lamiaceae Species: Biology, Ecology and Practical Uses” ............... ix Noura S. Dosoky and William N. Setzer The Genus Conradina (Lamiaceae): A Review Reprinted from: Plants 2018, 7, 19, doi:10.3390/plants7010019 .................... 1 Vjera Biluˇsi´cVunda´c Taxonomical and Phytochemical Characterisation of 10 Stachys Taxa Recorded in the Balkan Peninsula Flora: A Review Reprinted from: Plants 2019, 8, 32, doi:10.3390/plants8020032 .................... 11 Carmen X. Luzuriaga-Quichimbo, Jose´ Blanco-Salas, Carlos E. Ceron-Mart´ınez,´ Milan S. Stankovic´ and Trinidad Ruiz-T´ellez On the Possible Chemical Justification of the Ethnobotanical Use of Hyptis obtusiflora in Amazonian Ecuador Reprinted from: Plants 2018, 7, 104, doi:10.3390/plants7040104 .................... 25 Yasmina Benabdesslem, Kadda Hachem, Khaled Kahloula and Miloud Slimani Ethnobotanical Survey, Preliminary Physico-Chemical and Phytochemical Screening of Salvia argentea (L.) Used by Herbalists of the Sa¨ıda Province in Algeria Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 59, doi:10.3390/plants6040059 .................... 33 Katerina Tzima, Nigel P. Brunton and Dilip K. Rai Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Polyphenols in Lamiaceae Plants—A Review Reprinted from: Plants 2018, 7, 25, doi:10.3390/plants7020025 .................... 45 Gabriela Almada-Taylor, Laura D´ıaz-Rubio, Ricardo Salazar-Aranda, Noem´ı Waksman de Torres, Carla Uranga-Solis, Jose´ Delgadillo-Rodr´ıguez, Marco A. Ramos, Jose´ M. Padr´on, Rufina Hern´andez-Mart´ınez and Iv´an C´ordova-Guerrero Biological Activities of Extracts from Aerial Parts of Salvia pachyphylla Epling Ex Munz Reprinted from: Plants 2018, 7, 105, doi:10.3390/plants7040105 .................... 75 Leila Bendifallah, Rachida Belguendouz, Latifa Hamoudi and Karim Arab Biological Activity of the Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil on Varroa destructor Infested Honeybees Reprinted from: Plants 2018, 7, 44, doi:10.3390/plants7020044 .................... 89 Theofilos Mailis and Helen Skaltsa Polar Constituents of Salvia willeana (Holmboe) Hedge, Growing Wild in Cyprus Reprinted from: Plants 2018, 7, 18, doi:10.3390/plants7010018 ....................101 Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Laurine Garros, Samantha Drouet, Sullivan Renouard, Eric Laine´ and Christophe Hano Green Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of trans Rosmarinic Acid from Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br. Leaves Reprinted from: Plants 2019, 8, 50, doi:10.3390/plants8030050 ....................113 v About the Special Issue Editor Milan Stankovic is an Associate Professor of Plant Science at the Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia. He completed his Ph.D. in Botany at the same University and postdoctoral research at the Universite´ Franc¸ois-Rabelais de Tours, France. He is the Head of the Department of Biology and Ecology. Dr. Stankovic has published over 200 references including articles in peer-reviewed journals, edited books, book chapters, conference papers, meeting abstracts etc. He is an editor, editorial board member, and reviewer for several scientific journals. He currently works as an Associate Editor of the Plants journal. vii Preface to ”Lamiaceae Species: Biology, Ecology and Practical Uses” Lamiaceae (Labiatae) is an important plant family that consists of 250 genera and more than 7000 species. The largest genera that belong to this family are Salvia, Scutellaria, Stachys, Plectranthus, Hyptis, Teucrium, Thymus, Vitex, Nepeta, etc. A large number of Lamiaceae species inhabit different ecosystems and have a great diversity with a cosmopolitan distribution. Most of the species are aromatic and possess a complex mixture of bioactive compounds that contribute to overall biological activity in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Secondary metabolites with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer effects are crucial in terms of the previously mentioned biological activities. Moreover, plants that belong to this family are valuable in food, cosmetics, flavoring, fragrance, perfumery, pesticide, and pharmaceutical industries. Because of a wide range of applications, the plants of the Lamiaceae family are widely cultivated and are, therefore, regarded as an indispensable source of functional food. Based on these facts, numerous research works have been carried out on different aspects of Lamiaceae species in regard to its biology, ecology and applications. The Special Issue Book entitled ”Lamiaceae Species: Biology, Ecology and Practical Uses” contributes to the knowledge of selected Lamiaceae species from several aspects, such as diversity and phytogeography, taxonomy, ethnobotany, quantitative, and qualitative composition as well as biological activity of secondary metabolites. I am grateful to all the authors for their contributions as well as the reviewers for their professional suggestions and decisions. I am highly thankful to the Plants MDPI team for many years of collaboration. Especially, I would like to give special thanks to Sylvia Guo and Shuang Zhao. Milan Stankovic Special Issue Editor ix plants Review The Genus Conradina (Lamiaceae): A Review Noura S. Dosoky 1 and William N. Setzer 1,2,* 1 Aromatic Plant Research Center, 615 St. George Square Court, Suite 300, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-256-824-6519 Received: 24 February 2018; Accepted: 10 March 2018; Published: 11 March 2018 Abstract: Conradina (Lamiaceae) is a small genus of native United States (US) species limited to Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee and Kentucky. Three species of Conradina are federally listed as endangered and one is threatened while two are candidates for listing as endangered. The purpose of the present review is to highlight the recent advances in current knowledge on Conradina species and to compile reports of chemical constituents that characterize and differentiate between Conradina species. Keywords: Conradina; essential oil; ursolic acid; cytotoxicity; antimicrobial; antileishmanial; phylogenetic analysis 1. Introduction Conradina A. Gray (Lamiaceae) is a small genus of morphologically distinctive, narrow-leaved, minty-aromatic shrubs endemic to the southeastern United States of America (USA) [1]. It consists of six to nine US native species. According to the Plant List database [2] and Integrated Taxonomic Information Species (ITIS), the acceptable number of species for the genus is only six (Conradina canescens A. Gray, C. cygniflora C.E. Edwards, Judd, Ionta & Herring, C. etonia Kral & McCartney, C. glabra Shinners, C. grandiflora Small and C. verticillata Jennison) while C. brevifolia Shinners, C. montana Small and C. puberula Small are considered synonyms of other species. The Missouri Botanical Garden, however, lists nine distinct species [3]. Conradina species are characterized by very dense hairs on their lower leaf surfaces and by a sharply bent corolla tube in the flowers [1,4]. Asa Gray established the genus Conradina in 1870, named for the American botanist Solomon White Conrad [5]. Conradina species grow well in xeric habitats with well-drained sandy soils. It is thought that Conradina may be a pioneer species in disturbed areas since it has the ability to colonize xeric disturbed habitats [1,5]. Each species of Conradina occupies a separate geographical region [1,6]. Five of the species are endemic to Florida, one is native to west Florida, south Alabama, and south Mississippi, and one is endemic to north-central Tennessee and Kentucky (Figure 1). Due to habitat destruction from residential, commercial, and agricultural land conversions and their very restricted distribution, three of these species are on the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) federal list as endangered
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