A Taxonomic Conspectus of Phrymaceae: a Narrowed Circumscriptions for Mimulus , New and Resurrected Genera, and New Names and Combinations
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Phylogenetic Models Linking Speciation and Extinction to Chromosome and Mating System Evolution
Phylogenetic Models Linking Speciation and Extinction to Chromosome and Mating System Evolution by William Allen Freyman A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology and the Designated Emphasis in Computational and Genomic Biology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Dr. Bruce G. Baldwin, Chair Dr. John P. Huelsenbeck Dr. Brent D. Mishler Dr. Kipling W. Will Fall 2017 Phylogenetic Models Linking Speciation and Extinction to Chromosome and Mating System Evolution Copyright 2017 by William Allen Freyman Abstract Phylogenetic Models Linking Speciation and Extinction to Chromosome and Mating System Evolution by William Allen Freyman Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology and the Designated Emphasis in Computational and Genomic Biology University of California, Berkeley Dr. Bruce G. Baldwin, Chair Key evolutionary transitions have shaped the tree of life by driving the processes of spe- ciation and extinction. This dissertation aims to advance statistical and computational ap- proaches that model the timing and nature of these transitions over evolutionary trees. These methodological developments in phylogenetic comparative biology enable formal, model- based, statistical examinations of the macroevolutionary consequences of trait evolution. Chapter 1 presents computational tools for data mining the large-scale molecular sequence datasets needed for comparative phylogenetic analyses. I describe a novel metric, the miss- ing sequence decisiveness score (MSDS), which assesses the phylogenetic decisiveness of a matrix given the pattern of missing sequence data. In Chapter 2, I introduce a class of phylogenetic models of chromosome number evolution that accommodate both anagenetic and cladogenetic change. -
April 26, 2019
April 26, 2019 Theodore Payne Foundation’s Wild Flower Hotline is made possible by donations, memberships, and the generous support of S&S Seeds. Now is the time to really get out and hike the trails searching for late bloomers. It’s always good to call or check the location’s website if you can, and adjust your expectations accordingly before heading out. Please enjoy your outing, and please use your best flower viewing etiquette. Along Salt Creek near the southern entrance to Sequoia National Park, the wildflowers are abundant and showy. Masses of spring flowering common madia (Madia elegans) are covering sunny slopes and bird’s-eye gilia (Gilia tricolor) is abundant on flatlands. Good crops of owl’s clover (Castilleja sp.) are common in scattered colonies and along shadier trails, woodland star flower (Lithophragma sp.), Munz’s iris (Iris munzii), and the elegant naked broomrape (Orobanche uniflora) are blooming. There is an abundance of Chinese houses (Collinsia heterophylla) and foothill sunburst (Pseudobahia heermanii). This is a banner year for the local geophytes. Mountain pretty face (Tritelia ixiodes ssp. anilina) and Ithuriel’s spear (Triteliea laxa) are abundant. With the warming temperatures farewell to spring (Clarkia cylindrical subsp. clavicarpa) is starting to show up with their lovely bright purple pink floral display and is particularly noticeable along highway 198. Naked broom rape (Orobanche uniflora), foothill sunburst (Pseudobahia heermanii). Photos by Michael Wall © Theodore Payne Foundation for Wild Flowers & Native Plants, Inc. No reproduction of any kind without written permission. The trails in Pinnacles National Park have their own personality reflecting the unusual blooms found along them. -
Selfing Can Facilitate Transitions Between Pollination Syndromes
vol. 191, no. 5 the american naturalist may 2018 Selfing Can Facilitate Transitions between Pollination Syndromes Carolyn A. Wessinger* and John K. Kelly Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 Submitted August 17, 2017; Accepted November 2, 2017; Electronically published March 14, 2018 Online enhancements: appendixes. Dryad data: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8hc64. fi abstract: Pollinator-mediated selection on plants can favor tran- (Herrera 1987). When pollen is limiting, pollinator ef ciency sitions to a new pollinator depending on the relative abundances and can determine fruit set per visit (Schemske and Horvitz efficiencies of pollinators present in the community. A frequently ob- 1984). Since pollinators differ in their receptiveness to floral served example is the transition from bee pollination to humming- signals and rewards as well as in how they interact with bird pollination. We present a population genetic model that examines flowers, pollinator-mediated selection has led to the wide- whether the ability to inbreed can influence evolutionary change in spread convergent evolution of pollination syndromes—sets fi traits that underlie pollinator attraction. We nd that a transition to of floral traits associated with certain types of pollinators a more efficient but less abundant pollinator is favored under a broad- ened set of ecological conditions if plants are capable of delayed selfing (Faegri and Van der Pijl 1979; Fenster et al. 2004; Harder rather than obligately outcrossing. Delayed selfing allows plants carry- and Johnson 2009). Pollinator communities vary over space ing an allele that attracts the novel pollinator to reproduce even when and time, leading to repeated evolutionary transitions in pol- this pollinator is rare, providing reproductive assurance. -
Mimulus Is an Emerging Model System for the Integration of Ecological and Genomic Studies
Heredity (2008) 100, 220–230 & 2008 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0018-067X/08 $30.00 www.nature.com/hdy SHORT REVIEW Mimulus is an emerging model system for the integration of ecological and genomic studies CA Wu, DB Lowry, AM Cooley, KM Wright, YW Lee and JH Willis Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA The plant genus Mimulus is rapidly emerging as a model direct genetic studies with Mimulus can address a wide system for studies of evolutionary and ecological functional spectrum of ecological and evolutionary questions. In genomics. Mimulus contains a wide array of phenotypic, addition, we present the genomic resources currently ecological and genomic diversity. Numerous studies have available for Mimulus and discuss future directions for proven the experimental tractability of Mimulus in laboratory research. The integration of ecology and genetics with and field studies. Genomic resources currently under bioinformatics and genome technology offers great promise development are making Mimulus an excellent system for for exploring the mechanistic basis of adaptive evolution and determining the genetic and genomic basis of adaptation and the genetics of speciation. speciation. Here, we introduce some of the phenotypic and Heredity (2008) 100, 220–230; doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6801018; genetic diversity in the genus Mimulus and highlight how published online 6 June 2007 Keywords: adaptation; ecological genetics; floral evolution; Mimulus guttatus; Mimulus lewisii; speciation The broad goal of ecological and evolutionary functional Because the expression of such fitness traits can vary genomics (EEFG) is to understand both the evolutionary depending on the environment (for example, Campbell processes that create and maintain genomic and pheno- and Waser, 2001), a comprehensive assessment of the typic diversity within and among natural populations and adaptive significance of these traits also requires the species, and the functional significance of such variation. -
A Taxonomic Conspectus of Phrymaceae: a Narrowed Circumscriptions for Mimulus , New and Resurrected Genera, and New Names and Combinations
Barker, W.R., G.L. Nesom, P.M. Beardsley, and N.S. Fraga. 2012. A taxonomic conspectus of Phrymaceae: A narrowed circumscriptions for Mimulus , new and resurrected genera, and new names and combinations. Phytoneuron 2012-39: 1–60. Published 16 May 2012. ISSN 2153 733X A TAXONOMIC CONSPECTUS OF PHRYMACEAE: A NARROWED CIRCUMSCRIPTION FOR MIMULUS, NEW AND RESURRECTED GENERA, AND NEW NAMES AND COMBINATIONS W.R. (B ILL ) BARKER State Herbarium of South Australia, Kent Town SA 5071, AUSTRALIA; and Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5000, AUSTRALIA [email protected] GUY L. NESOM 2925 Hartwood Drive Fort Worth, Texas 76109, USA [email protected] PAUL M. BEARDSLEY Biological Sciences Department California State Polytechnic University Pomona, California 91768, USA [email protected] NAOMI S. FRAGA Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Claremont, California 91711-3157, USA [email protected] ABSTRACT A revised taxonomic classification of Phrymaceae down to species level is presented, based on molecular-phylogenetic and morpho-taxonomic studies, setting a framework for ongoing work. In the concept adopted, the family includes 188 species divided into 13 genera. All species as currently understood are listed and assigned to genera and sections which in several cases have new circumscriptions requiring many new combinations. Four main clades are recognized. Clade A. An Asian-African-Australasian-centered clade of 7 genera: Mimulus L. sensu stricto (7 species) of North America, Asia to Africa, and Australasia is sister to an Australian-centered group that comprises Elacholoma (2 species), Glossostigma (5 species), Microcarpaea (2 species), Peplidium (4 species), Uvedalia (2 species) and a new monotypic genus Thyridia , described here. -
Components of Reproductive Isolation Between the Monkeyflowers Mimulus Lewisii and M
Components of Reproductive Isolation between the Monkeyflowers Mimulus lewisii and M. cardinalis (Phrymaceae) Author(s): Justin Ramsey, H. D. Bradshaw, Jr., Douglas W. Schemske Source: Evolution, Vol. 57, No. 7 (Jul., 2003), pp. 1520-1534 Published by: Society for the Study of Evolution Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3448754 Accessed: 26/10/2008 21:43 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ssevol. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Society for the Study of Evolution is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Evolution. -
The Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Bird Conservation Plan
The Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Bird Conservation Plan A Strategy for Protecting and Managing Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Habitats and Associated Birds in California A Project of California Partners in Flight and PRBO Conservation Science The Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Bird Conservation Plan A Strategy for Protecting and Managing Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Habitats and Associated Birds in California Version 2.0 2004 Conservation Plan Authors Grant Ballard, PRBO Conservation Science Mary K. Chase, PRBO Conservation Science Tom Gardali, PRBO Conservation Science Geoffrey R. Geupel, PRBO Conservation Science Tonya Haff, PRBO Conservation Science (Currently at Museum of Natural History Collections, Environmental Studies Dept., University of CA) Aaron Holmes, PRBO Conservation Science Diana Humple, PRBO Conservation Science John C. Lovio, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, U.S. Navy (Currently at TAIC, San Diego) Mike Lynes, PRBO Conservation Science (Currently at Hastings University) Sandy Scoggin, PRBO Conservation Science (Currently at San Francisco Bay Joint Venture) Christopher Solek, Cal Poly Ponoma (Currently at UC Berkeley) Diana Stralberg, PRBO Conservation Science Species Account Authors Completed Accounts Mountain Quail - Kirsten Winter, Cleveland National Forest. Greater Roadrunner - Pete Famolaro, Sweetwater Authority Water District. Coastal Cactus Wren - Laszlo Szijj and Chris Solek, Cal Poly Pomona. Wrentit - Geoff Geupel, Grant Ballard, and Mary K. Chase, PRBO Conservation Science. Gray Vireo - Kirsten Winter, Cleveland National Forest. Black-chinned Sparrow - Kirsten Winter, Cleveland National Forest. Costa's Hummingbird (coastal) - Kirsten Winter, Cleveland National Forest. Sage Sparrow - Barbara A. Carlson, UC-Riverside Reserve System, and Mary K. Chase. California Gnatcatcher - Patrick Mock, URS Consultants (San Diego). Accounts in Progress Rufous-crowned Sparrow - Scott Morrison, The Nature Conservancy (San Diego). -
Plant List by Plant Numbers
Demonstration Landscape / Plant List by Plant Number Plant # Plant Type Common Name Botanical Name Water* Sun** Height x Width Succulent Blue Chalksticks Senecio Serpens L F 1' x 2-3' 1 Accent Flax Lily Dianella Tasmanica L F, PS 3' x 3' 2 Shrub Soft Caress Oregon Grape Mahonia eurybracteata 'Soft Caress' M PS, S 3' x 4' 3 Flower Coral Bells Heuchera 'Santa Ana Cardinal' L PS 2' x 2' 4 Succulent Blue Chalk Fingers Senecio Vitalis 'Serpents' L F, PS 1.5' x 3-4' 5 Succulent Aloe Aloe X 'Blue Elf' L F, PS 1' x 2' 6 Accent Giant Chain Fern Woodwardia Fimbriata M, H PS, S 4-5' x 3' 7 Shrub Tawhiwhi Pittosporum tenuifolium 'Silver Sheen' M F, PS 12-15' x N/A 8 Flower Giant Catmint Nepeta Faassenii X 'Six Hills Giant' M F 2-3' x 4' 9 Vine Creeping Fig Ficus Pumila M F, PS 15' x 3' 10 Shrub Red Conebush Leucadendron X 'Red Gem' L F 4' x 5' 11 Accent Little Rev Flax Lily Dianella Revoluta 'Little Rev' L F, PS 2-4' x 1-2' 12 Succulent Soap Aloe Aloe Saponaria L F, PS 2' x 2' 13 Accent Agave Agave Attenuata L F, PS 4-5' x 6-8' 14 Flower Mexican Bush Sage Salvia Leucantha 'Midnight' L F, PS 4' x 8' 16 Accent Mountain Flax Phormium Cookianum M F,PS, S 3-4' x 3-4' 16 Succulent Stalked Aeonium Saucer Plant Aeonium Undulatum L F, PS 3' x 1' 17 Grass Blue Grama Bouteloua Gracilis 'Blonde Ambition' L F 1.5' x 2' 18 Accent Blue Flame Agave Agave X 'Blue Flame' L F 2.5' x 3' 19 Shrub Dwarf Rosemary Rosmarinus Officinalis 'Prostratus' L F 1' x 5' 20 Succulent Red Yucca Hesperaloe Parviflora L F 2' x 3-4' 21 Shrub Dwarf Coyote Brush Baccharis Pilularis 'Pigeon Point' L F 2' x 8' 22 Flower Bulbine Bulbine Frutescens 'Yellow African' L F, PS 1' x 1.5' 23 Succulent Medicinal Aloe Aloe Vera L F 2' x 2' 24 Succulent Ocotillo Fouquieria Splendens VL F 10-30' x 15' 25 Succulent Beaked Yucca Yucca Rostrata VL F 4-12' x 4-6' 26 Succulent Golden Barrel Cactus Echinocactus Grusonii VL F 2' x 3' 27 Succulent Mexican Fence Post Stenocereus Marginatus VL F 12-20' x 1' 28 Flower Salmon Beauty Yarrow Achillea Millefolium 'Salmon Beauty' L F 1-2' x 2-3' 29 Flower St. -
The Response of Botanical Gardens to the Regional and Global Loss of Plant Biodiversity
THE RESPONSE OF BOTANICAL GARDENS TO THE REGIONAL AND GLOBAL LOSS OF PLANT BIODIVERSITY by Karen H. Tillinghast An Investigative Project submitted to Sonoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in Interdisciplinary Studies D Jean Merriman Copyright 1996 By Karen H. Tillinghast 11 AUTHORIZATION FOR REPRODUCTION OF MASTER'S PROJECT I grant permission for the reproduction of this project in its entirety, without further authorization from me, on the condition that the person or agency requesting reproduction absorb the cost and provide proper acknowledgment of authorship. DATE: gj.~_ iii THE RESPONSE OF BOTANICAL GARDENS TO THE REGIONAL AND GLOBAL LOSS OF PLANT BIODIVERSITY Investigative Project by Karen H. Tillinghast ABSTRACT Purpose of the Study: My purpose was to review existing educational programs at other botanical gardens and to apply what I learned to develop environmental education curricula that can be used in the Sonoma State University Native Plants Botanical Garden. These curricula will bring about awareness of biodiversity loss and provide opportunities for action to restore that loss. Procedure: I explored the methods and philosophies of other botanical gardens by examining national and international garden organizations, and attending networking conferences. I also examined the goals of major local gardens through interviews with garden directors. Findings: Providing educational programs and creating thematic collection displays are the primary methods used by gardens today to increase public awareness of loss of biodiversity. Gardens have mission statements that help define their purpose as well as materials for guided or self-guided tours available for distribution to the public that focus on both their visitors' interests and the goals of the gardens. -
THE JEPSON GLOBE a Newsletter from the Friends of the Jepson Herbarium
THE JEPSON GLOBE A Newsletter from the Friends of The Jepson Herbarium VOLUME 29 NUMBER 1, Spring 2019 Curator’s column: Don Kyhos’s Upcoming changes in the Con- legacy in California botany sortium of California Herbaria By Bruce G. Baldwin By Jason Alexander In early April, my Ph.D. advisor, In January, the Northern California Donald W. Kyhos (UC Davis) turns 90, Botanists Association hosted their 9th fittingly during one of the California Botanical Symposium in Chico, Cali- desert’s most spectacular blooms in fornia. The Consortium of California recent years. Don’s many contributions Herbaria (CCH) was invited to present to desert botany and plant evolution on upcoming changes. The CCH be- in general are well worth celebrating gan as a data aggregator for California here for their critical importance to our vascular plant specimen data and that understanding of the California flora. remains its primary purpose to date. Those old enough to have used Munz’s From 2003 until 2017, the CCH grew A California Flora may recall seeing in size to over 2.2 million specimen re- the abundant references to Raven and cords from 36 institutions. Responding Kyhos’s chromosome numbers, which to requests from participants to display reflect a partnership between Don and specimen data from all groups of plants Peter Raven that yielded a tremendous Rudi Schmid at Antelope Valley Califor- and fungi, from all locations (including body of cytogenetic information about nia Poppy Reserve on 7 April 2003. Photo those outside California), we have de- our native plants. Don’s talents as a by Ray Cranfill. -
Biosystematics of the Mimulus Nanus Complex in Oregon
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF WAYLAND LEE EZELL for the DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Name) (Degree) in BOTANY presented on August 27, 1970 (Major) (Date) Title: BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE MIMULUS NANUS COMPLEX IN OREGON Abstract approved:Redacted for Privacy Kenton L. Chambers A biosystematic study was made in seven populations of Mimulus nanus Hook. & Arn. and M. cusickii (Greene) Piper (Scrophulariaceae) in central Oregon, and a taxonomic revision was made of the four species of section Eunanus reported from Oregon--M. nanus, M. cusickii, M. clivicola Greenm. and M. jepsonii Grant.Mimulus nanus and M. cusickii have a chromosome number of n = 8. Based on their distinct genetic and morphological differences, M. nanus, M. cusickii and M. clivicola constitute three separate species in Oregon and surrounding regions. Members of M. nanus are the most highly variable in their morphology and are more widely dis- tributed geographically and ecologically.In a limited area of the Cascade Mountains of central and southern Oregon, an ecotype of M. nanus was discovered which differs from the typical form that is widely distributed in Oregon and Idaho.Also, the populations that have pre- viously been named M. jepsonii, occurring in the southern Cascade and northern Sierra Nevada mountains, Oregon and California, are herein treated as an ecotype of M. nanus; they are morphologically similar to this taxon but show differences in ecology and elevational range. The two ecotypes mentioned above appear to hybridize with typical M. nanus at their zones of contact, thus demonstrating the ability for genetic exchange in nature.Cross-compatibility was confirmed in greenhouse hybridizations between the Cascade ecotype and typical M. -
Palinotaxonomía De Scrophulariaceae Sensu Lato
Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 51 (2) 2016 M. M. Sosa y C. R. Salgado - Palinotaxonomía de ScrophulariaceaeISSN sensu 0373-580 lato X Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 51 (2): 299-321. 2016 VALOR TAXONÓMICO DEL POLEN EN SCROPHULARIACEAE SENSU LATO MARÍA DE LAS MERCEDES SOSA1,3 y CRISTINA R. SALGADO2,3 Resumen: Este trabajo es el resultado del estudio palinomorfológico de 32 especies pertenecientes a 19 géneros de Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. Además se realizó un registro exhaustivo de la información bibliográfica existente sobre la morfología polínica con el objetivo de analizar las relaciones entre las variables palinológicas y la clasificación sistemática actual. Los granos de polen analizados son: mónades, radiosimétricos e isopolares, de tamaño variable desde pequeños (11 µm) hasta medianos (51 µm), predominantemente esferoidales (P/E= 1), a veces suboblatos (P/E= 0,76), oblato-esferoidales (P/E= 0,95), prolatos (P/E=1,63) y perprolatos (P/E= 2,63). Inaperturados, 3-(4-5) colpados, 3-(4-5) colporados, espiraperturados, 2-8 sincolpados, 3-diploporados y pantoporados. La exina puede ser semitectada (retipilada, reticulada o estriada perforada) y tectada (psilada, foveolada, perforada, escábrida, rugulada, verrugosa, granulada, estriada o equinulada). Se realizó un análisis estadístico en base a una matriz de datos, compuesta por los caracteres palinológicos de 32 especies estudiadas sumado a la recopilación bibliográfica de 140 géneros y 218 especies pertenecientes a Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. El análisis de agrupamiento (UPGMA), confirmó que las diferencias palinomorfológicas apoyan la clasificación sistemática actual. Palabras clave: Morfología del polen, sistemática, euripolínico, Scrophulariaceae. Summary: Taxonomic value of pollen in Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. This paper is result of a study of pollen morphology of 32 species belonging to 19 genera of Scrophulariaceae sensu lato.