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2013 Origin and Relationships of The Symposium Program change, many natural adaptations have evolved Two mapped alternative hypothesis of the Arizona University —Natural History of within species to cope with these pressures. California Floristic Province (CFP) will be Nemacladus 39th Annual Southern California Conservation and management efforts can be presented, compared, and contrasted. One data California Campanulaceae demonstrate many Botanists Symposium: most successful when they work in concert with set covers the traditional CFP from patterns of evolution and geographic Origin and Relationships of the natural adaptive mechanisms. southwestern Oregon through cismontane distribution proposed in Raven and Axelrod’s 10:00-10:45 am Dr. Kathleen Kay, Assistant California to northwestern Baja California, seminal publication. The campanuloides are California Flora: Was Raven Ravin'? Mexico (Raven & Axlerod, 1978). The new October 20th, 2012 Professor, UC Santa Cruz—Origin and North Temperate in origin and came to Diversification of the California Flora data set removes much of comparatively California in three separate events, one path 8:00 am Registration wetter northern territory as well as the higher resulting in highly restricted species in mesic The California Floristic Province exhibits one of elevation areas of the Sierra Nevada (O’Brien 9:00-9:15 am Introductory Comments (Naomi conditions, another in xeric adapted, often the richest floras on the planet, with more than et al. (RSABG), unpublished). Floristic data at Fraga SCB President) 5500 native plant species, approximately 40% of edaphically restricted, annual species. the family, genus, and minimum-rank taxon Campanuloides here exhibit changes in 9:15:10:00 am Dr. Connie Millar, Senior which are endemic. Despite its impressive levels will be presented and discussed for both breeding system, from highly outcrossed to Scientist, USDA Forest Service, Pacific diversity and the attention it has garnered from alternatives. The endemic plants of the two cleistogamous. The lobelioides most likely Southwest Research Station —Geologic, ecologists and evolutionary biologists, historical alternatives will be also be presented and came via Mexico from South America, Climatic, and Vegetation History of California causes of species richness and endemism in discussed. California remain poorly understood. Using a underwent an early radiation resulting in three In the same way that learning details of one’s phylogenetic analysis of 16 angiosperm clades, 11:30 am-12:00 pm Naomi Fraga, highly restricted, monotypic genera and a later family history – the environments, traditions, and each containing California natives in addition to Conservation Botanist, Rancho Santa Ana rapid radiation in Downingia; all are found in life-ways of our ancestors – helps us to species found only outside California, we show Botanic Garden.—Monkeyflower diversity in mesic or aquatic situations. Nemacladoideae understand and appreciate the modern human that CA’s current biodiversity primarily results California is an ancient lineage not closely related to any condition, so does knowledge of the historic from low extinction rates, as opposed to elevated The genus Mimulus L. (Phrymaceae) is widely other Campanulaceae. It may have originated contexts of landscapes help us to deeply speciation or immigration rates. Speciation rates known for its diversity in western North from an ancestor in the mountains of central understand the diversity and ecology of modern in California were lowest among Arcto-Tertiary America. However, Mimulus s.l. has recently Mexico, where Pseudonemacladus occurs. flora and fauna. I narrate a story of the geologic lineages (i.e., those colonizing California from undergone a taxonomic revision resulting in Molecular analysis shows that there are two and climatic origins of the California region, from the north, during the Tertiary), but extinction significantly altered generic concepts. Two main clades in the annual Nemacladus, one the emergence of land out of ancient seas, rates were universally low across California genera that have been resurrected; strictly southern California/northern Baja through mountain-building phases, to the ongoing native plants of all historical, geographic origins. Erythranthe Spach and Diplacus Nutt., California, the other ranging north in the drama of modern geologic forces. Regional and In contrast to long-accepted ideas, we find that account for nearly all of the species diversity Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada and east and global geologic dynamics interacted with, and California diversification rates were generally in western North American Phrymaceae. The north into the Owen’s Valley, White influenced changes in, the climate of the unaffected by the onset of the Mediterranean genus Erythranthe (Phrymaceae) has recently Mountains, and Great Basin. Species differ in California region. Together, sequences of climate. However, the Mediterranean climate been a source of floristic novelty, with eight overall architecture as well as habitat and geologic and climatic variability formed the stage coincided with immigration of many desert new species described from California. Here I substrate, but the greatest diversity is in floral influencing the rise of modern flora. Included species, validating one previous hypothesis present a taxonomic overview of Phrymaceae, morphology. Flowers may be resupinate or among the lessons in this narrative is the regarding origins of CA’s plant diversity. This recognition of five new species of Erythanthe not, highly zygomorphic or nearly important role of past climatic change in shaping study implicates topographic complexity and native to California and Nevada including actinomorphic, (relatively) large or tiny, California’s vegetation, both individual species climatic buffering as key, long-standing features description of their geographic distributions, strikingly marked or entirely white, with and community associations. Past climate of CA’s landscape favoring plant species habitats, pollination biology, and conservation simple or elaborate hairs and nectar glands. changes have been continuous, and included persistence and diversification, and highlights status. An evaluation of species discovery and Different genera or species of many quasi-cyclic patterns with nested time California as an important refuge under changing its implications for conservation will be Campanulaceae, including Nemacladus, often scales (decadal to multi-millennial) that interacted climates. presented, with insight from recent taxonomic co-occur in California. In Nemacladus, rapid complexly. In modern focus on anthropogenic studies in Erythranthe. diversification may have been made possible climate change, we often forget that natural 10:45-11:10 am Morning break by shifts in floral morphology and pollinators, climate processes have been ongoing, and that 11:10-11:30 am Bart C. O’Brien, Director of 12:00-1:30 pm Lunch break driving speciation. they interact with new climate drivers in complex Special Projects, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic 1:30-1:55 pm Nancy R. Morin, Flora of 1:55-2:20 pm Fred M. Roberts Jr., CNPS and changeable ways. In that our native flora Garden— Alternative Delineations of the North America and Tina J. Ayers, Northern Rare Plant Botanist San Diego Co. Chapter— developed in the presence of dramatic climate California Floristic Province Not all butterflies fly: The genus Calochortus characteristic, a flowering phacelia is Raven and Axelrod’s seminal work in 1978 In 1978, D.I. Axelrod and I presented an (Liliaceae) in southwestern California. immediately diagnosable by amateur and provides the foundation on which California analysis of the origins and evolution of the The genus Calochortus, the mariposa (butterfly) professional botanists. The drawback to this phylogeographers have built an examination flora of California. The California flora lilies includes about 70 species found in western familiarity is that people don't generally key, of the evolution of ancient, recent, native, and represents a mixture of northern, temperate North America from British Columbia south to photograph, collect, or otherwise document plants migratory taxa to elucidate the major and elements with xeric, southern ones, a Guatamala with its center of diversity in they already know. Phacelia sect. Ramosissimae minor evolutionary events that shaped the composition that had been recognized for California. The mountains, foothills, and coastal is an especially good example of that distribution, radiation, and speciation of the more than fifty years by that time. We regions of southwestern California offer 15 phenomenon; familiarity reinforces gestalt as a biota of California. This talk will examine and explained the large number of species and species of these delightful wildflowers in an useful, primary method to identify plants, but interpret the evolutionary history of the biota high proportion of endemics in the State on assortment of colors and forms. The classic work does not stimulate curiosity about special or in California in a geological context, and any the basis of (1) the equable climate that has of Marion Owenbey divided Calochortus into distinguishing qualities (e.g., morphology, subsequent patterns in regional diversity that prevailed in California throughout most of the three sections, Calochortus, Mariposa, and substrate, distribution). Plant names, some long have emerged across combined phylogenies. Tertiary; (2) what we then thought was an Cyclobothra. All three
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